WO2008011995A1

WO2008011995A1 - Raw material receiving, pressure and conveyor-worm system for chopping machines for foodstuffs

Info

Publication number: WO2008011995A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/006255
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eberhard Haack; Michael Mössmer
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Dornhan Gmbh
Priority date: 2006-07-24
Filing date: 2007-07-13
Publication date: 2008-01-31
Also published as: DE102006034150B4; DE102006034150A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a raw material receiving, pressure and conveyor-worm system for chopping machines for foodstuffs, comprising a working worm region in which material to be chopped is conducted, with pressure being built up, to a set of cutters for chopping, with at least one working worm which is mounted in a rotating manner in a pressure pipe, and a feed worm region, in which at least one feed worm is mounted in a rotating manner, for feeding material to be chopped into the working worm region, wherein at least one working worm and at least one feed worm rotate at the same speed during operation. According to the invention, the outer diameter of the at least one working worm and the outer diameter of the at least one feed worm differ. The invention furthermore relates to a chopping machine for foodstuffs with a worm system according to the invention.

Description

Raw material acceptance, pressure and auger system for food crushers

The invention relates to a Rohstoffempfahme-, pressure and screw conveyor system for food shredders, especially for meat grinders.

In food shredders, especially in meat grinders, the raw material to be shredded is fed to a cutting set by means of screw conveyors. Before the rotating cutting set is a working screw, which is mounted in a pressure tube, on the one hand promotes the material to be crushed in the direction of the cutting set and on the other hand increases the pressure in the conveyed. The screw movement of the screw pushes the raw material in the direction of the cutting set. The amount of raw material is continuously compressed in the screw chambers and pressed against the pressure tube wall. Suitable design of the housing wall, e.g. By appropriate trains, ensures that the raw material does not join the screw rotation, but is promoted in the direction of the cutting rate. The feeding of the raw material into these

Working worm area is done, for example, with a feed screw to which the raw material to be shredded, for example, with a funnel or in various designs, for example, separately arranged at an angle augers is applied. The working auger usually has a higher speed than the feed screw. But you can also move at the same speed, especially if they share a shaft that is driven together. The arranged between the screw flights snail chambers of the working screw and the feed screw functionally different volumes. The raw material intake in the hopper requires, for example, a large snail chamber volume, the generation of pushing and pressing forces in the working screw a small. This results in a disproportion of the flow rates between the Zuführschneckenbereich and the working screw area in which the pressure is built up. This leads to raw material destruction and raw material reflux in the hopper.

One can also speak of the sub-functions raw material acceptance by the feed screw including raw material transfer to the working screw on the one hand and generation of the crushing energy with the raw material by the working screw on the other hand in terms of functioning.

A screw system with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 9321578 Ul.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a screw system for food comminution, with which a very constant volume flow can be realized.

This task is called with a RnViRtoffnnnαV> τne_ r> τ-πr »lr_ unH

A screw system with the features of claim 1 and a food crusher having the features of claim 12 solved. Subclaims are directed to preferred embodiments.

An inventive raw material acceptance, pressure and screw conveyor system is characterized in that the outer diameter the working screw and the outer diameter of the feed screw differ. As a result, it is possible, in particular, to take into account disproportions from the intake of raw materials, eg from the feed hopper, via the transfer of raw material to the printing system and the efficiency of the conveying-off cutting system. The two elements of different diameter of the screw system serve different tasks that are integrated. Raw material redirections can be avoided with the raw material acceptance, pressure and screw conveyor system according to the invention and the raw material processing parameters can be defined as an element of time, thrust, pressure and shaping in the cutting set with a high quality of work.

An inventive screw system allows the pressure-maintaining movement of the material to be shredded up to the cutting set, without significant destruction of the raw material occurs in the promotion. The structural design enables the realization of a constant mass flow taking into account the raw material removal, the pressure-maintaining conveyance and the comminution of the material by a uniform and constructive mass balance control between all active components of the machine.

In particular, in an embodiment in which the outer diameter of the feed screw to the working screw increases, a constant mass flow is possible in spite of a desirable to increase the pressure smaller and thrust generating snail chamber volume in the work area. In solutions of the prior art to a higher speed of the working screw is necessary and a one-piece implementation of the entire screw combination with high efficiency impossible. The solution according to the invention, in contrast, allows the realization of the screws, for example on a shaft, as a component or as a component system with feed and working screw, which rotate at the same speed and thus can be driven by a single drive. The possible lower velocity despite the smaller screw chamber volume in this way while the mass flow remains constant leads to a greater raw material residence time at the cutting disc, which in particular increases the raw material penetration times into the bores of the disc and prevents lubricating effects when cutting the material to be comminuted.

An enlargement of the screw diameter also brings a perimeter extension with it. As a result, more raw material can be absorbed, so that a larger contact with the support surface or the support system on the inner surface of the pressure tube for power transmission can act, so that an increase in the holding force is effected and effectively prevents the raw material joins the screw rotation.

In order to enable a common drive of the working and the feeding screw, the working screw and the feeding screw are used e.g. connected by a worm clutch. In particular, an additional mounting of the screw system in the region between the working screw and the feeding screw can thus be realized in a simple manner.

R fi PIΠPΓ aπHpr ^p n Η * »cr> nri *» τ-c Aπcfi'iVimnσtjfnrm nmfaβst Ha Q

raw material receiving, pressure and screw conveyor system according to the invention an integral combination screw, which comprises both the working screw and the feed screw. Such a design is simple in construction and made possible by changing the outer diameter of the flights in the transition region between feed screw and working screw the embodiment as a single integral component.

It is particularly advantageous if the outer diameter of the working worm is greater than the outer diameter of the feed worm. In order to ensure a uniform transfer of raw materials, it is advantageous if the diameter of the combination screw widens conically in the transition region from the feed screw to the working screw. This region of the conical enlargement can be arranged both directly in or at the hopper of the food shredder, as well as in a slightly projecting tube.

The screw chambers are separated from one another by helical flights whose outwardly facing regions are referred to as helical gear heads. With a conical transition between feeder screw and working auger, the worm gear heads act like a rotating worm blade and carry out a portioning of large pieces of raw material with a clean drawing cut, without any significant raw material squeezing between worm gear head and housing wall. This advantageous effect can be further enhanced if the edges of the worm gear heads follow in the transition region of the conical enlargement. At the edges of the worm-gear heads, a sharp edge, which increases the worm-blade effect, is produced by the consequent, frustoconically-shaped, or frustoconical outward direction of the scaphead heads.

In a preferred embodiment of the screw system according to the invention is in the transition region from the feed screw to the working screw at least one lifting zone, which supports the movement of the material to be shredded material to the inner wall of the pressure tube. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the raw material is pressed against the inner wall of the pressure tube with sufficient force, in particular even when the outer diameter of the screw increases in the transitional area from the feed screw to prevent the material to be shredded from coming into contact with the screw rotates.

An embodiment of a lifting zone by enlarging the worm shaft starting from the feed worm to the working worm ensures immediate wall contact of the material to be comminuted with the inner wall of the pressure tube when the material to be comminuted enters the area of the working worm. This ensures that the production of energy in the raw material, which is used for comminuting the raw material in the subsequent cutting set, takes place immediately.

Particularly advantageously, the worm thread pitches of the feed screw and the working screw are different, in particular the worm thread pitch of the feed screw is chosen to be greater than the worm pitch of the working screw. Thus, the feed screw can take over even large pieces of raw material and promote the working screw. Taking into account the compressibility of example, to be comminuted meat material, a ratio of the SchneckenkamiiisrVoliimiria Zuführschπ.eck screw turns' * yid d ^pr Arb ^ IFS of 1.3 to 1.5 to be advantageous.

In the working area in which the working screw rotates, the pressure builds up in the material to be crushed the pressure or the force is built up as crushing energy with which the material is pressed through the cutting set to be crushed. To one as possible To achieve homogeneous distribution of the material to be crushed in front of the cutting set, it may be advantageous to provide a distributor region between the working screw and the cutting set, in which the screw threads are designed such that there is no further pressure build-up but only as uniform as possible distribution of crushing material comes in front of the cutting set. In an advantageous embodiment, these distributor screw flights are part of the combination screw, which also includes the working screw and the feed screw. In particular, then the distributor screw, the feed screw and the working screw can be arranged on a shaft and / or be configured in one piece and thus operated with only one drive.

Between feeding and working screw, an additional cutting set may be provided which pre-cuts the feedstock supplied before entering the work area. Such an additional intermediate cutting set can in particular be easily realized in an embodiment in which the feed screw and the working screw are connected to one another by a worm clutch. Another function of the additional loan cutting assembly is located in the bearing support in a long, one-piece working worm to effectively reduce the risk that the working screw bending the raw material feed from the hopper into the pressure tube and thereby possibly early machine elements zer _° tör * "

The transition from the feed screw to the working screw may, for example, be provided in the region in which a feed hopper of the food comminution machine merges into a pressure pipe which surrounds the working screw. In another embodiment, the feed screw protrudes into a feed tube, the feed hopper, into which the to be comminuted Material is filled, connects to the pressure tube that surrounds the working screw. Such an additional feed pipe is particularly advantageous in embodiments with an additional cutting set in the transition region between feeding and working screw to ensure the most homogeneous possible raw material supply to the intermediate cutting set.

The invention is not limited to systems with only one working screw or only one feed screw, but may also be e.g. be applied to twin-screw systems. However, the invention is particularly advantageous for systems with a working and a feed screw can be used, which in particular share a shaft or can be composed of elements which are operated with a single drive and the same speed.

A food shredder according to the invention, in particular a meat grinder, has a screw system according to the invention. It is particularly advantageous if the knife or the knives of the cutting set rotate at the same speed as the working worm, in particular because the cutting set can then be driven by the same drive and even shredding energy is built up. This results in a conveying and cutting synchrony, which has the highest efficiency for the working quality of the machine.

In the following, the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the attached figures. Showing:

1 shows an embodiment of a raw material receiving, pressure and screw conveyor system according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a detail of an embodiment of an inventive

Raw materials acceptance, pressure and auger system, and

Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of a food crusher according to the invention with another embodiment of a raw material acceptance, pressure and screw conveyor system according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, an inventive screw system is shown. The illustrated integral combination screw comprises several subregions. In the feed region 10, the combination screw is configured as a feed screw 11, in the working region 12 it is designed as a working screw 13 and in the distributor region 14 it is configured as a distributor screw 15. The combination worm rotates as a part about the axis 20.

In the feed region 10, a funnel 16 for applying material to be comminuted in the direction of arrow 18 opens onto the feed screw 11. In the feed region 10, the screw comprises screw flights 24, which are helically arranged around the shaft 22 of the screw. The worm gear heads in the feed region 10 are designated by the reference numeral 31. The worm chambers 26 open between the worm threads 24. The external diameter of the worm in the feed region 10 is designated H.

In the conveying direction 40, a transition region adjoins the feed screw 11, which leads to the working screw 13 in the working region 12. The outer diameter of the flights widened to the diameter D, the worm threads 34 have in the work area 12. In the working area 12, the screw is received in a pressure tube 17. men. The worm gear heads 32 are sealingly against the inner wall of the pressure tube 17. Optionally, the inner wall of the pressure tube 17 on devices not shown, which increase the friction between the material to be crushed in the screw chambers 27 with the inner wall. Thus, for example, corresponding trains or cages can be provided on the inner wall of the pressure tube 17 in a manner known per se.

The diameter of the shaft of the screw expands in the transition region between the feed region 10 and the working region 12 in a lifting zone 38.

In the working area 12 different diameters of the worm shaft 28, 30 may be provided. In the working area 12, the screw pitch is less than in the feed area 10. The worm thread heads 32 may be widened in individual areas of the working area 12 to increase the seal in order to reduce the backflow of material to be comminuted.

In the distributor region 14, in the embodiment shown, the worm gear pitch is increased again and the diameter of the worm shaft 36 is lower again.

Trn

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body 37, which are inserted to the volume shift in the geometry of the Scheckengänge to support the distribution of raw materials. As a result, z. B. in a two-flighted screw contour a four or six-speed effect in the distribution of raw materials in the cutting set, which adjoins the distributor region 14 downstream, arise. FIG. 2 shows a detail of the worm, in which the transition region between the feed region 10 and the working region 12 can be seen. In the transition region, the outer diameter of d increases to D. In the embodiment shown, this transition of the outer diameter is conical. This creates oblique worm gear heads 42 in the transition region. In Fig. 1, this oblique configuration of the worm gear heads 42 is not shown separately.

In the embodiment shown, the parameters are selected such that the screw chamber volume 27 in the working region 12 is 1.3 to 1.5 times smaller than the screw chamber volume of the screw chambers 26 in the feed region 10, so that the compressibility of the material to be comminuted is optimally taken into account. In the embodiment shown, the value d is e.g. 230 mm, while the value D is 273 mm. The diameter of the worm shaft 22 in the feed area 10 is e.g. 112 mm, while in the area 28 of the working area 12 it first increased to 150 mm and in the area 30 of the working area 12 to 180 mm. In the feed area, the helix pitch is e.g. 234 mm, in the work area 12 e.g. 60 to 70 mm. The width of the worm gear heads 32 in the work area 12 may be e.g. 40 mm. In the distributor area 14, the diameter of the shaft 36 is e.g. to 150 mm and the mean helix distance to 130 mm.

Tm Rpf "τif» Vι τ »rirr1 TI I "7 ^ rlr1f" inf "i-nH *» c 7 R

introduced into the hopper 16 in T ¨ * tion 18. The screw chambers 26 between the flights 24 receive the pieces of meat and transport them on rotation about the axis 20 in the direction 40. The pieces enter the screw chamber 27 of the working screw in the work area 12 a. By increasing the diameter of the worm shaft in the area 38, the material to be comminuted is rapidly to the inner wall brought the pressure tube 17. There it is held by friction and makes the rotation of the screw accordingly not. This leads to a promotion in the direction 40 within the pressure tube 17. It also comes due to the reduced pitch of the flights 34 to an increase in pressure. Despite the reduced helical pitch in the working area 12, a continuous mass flow is possible between the feeding area 10 and the working area 12, since in the illustrated embodiment the external diameter of the screw increases from d to D. This increase is chosen so that, taking into account the increase in the diameter of the worm shaft

Snail chamber volume of the screw chambers 26 in the feed region 10 is reduced to a screw chamber volume of the screw chambers 27 in the work area 12 by a factor of 1.3 to 1.5. This factor takes into account the compressibility of the material to be shredded.

As can be seen in Fig. 2, the outer diameter of the screw widens conically in the transition region. This results in Schnecken- gang heads 42 with sharp edges that cut the material to be shredded pull without crushing it.

In the working area 12, a reflux of the material to be comminuted by the widened auger heads 32 is effectively prevented.

From the working area 12, the compressed material enters into Hen Verteilerbereich 14 with increased helical pitch. Here, the material is distributed as evenly as possible to be supplied in a conventional manner a co-rotating cutting set, which adjoins the distribution region 14 in the conveying direction. Fig. 3 shows the cross section through a food crusher according to the invention with another embodiment of a raw material receiving, pressure and screw conveyor system according to the invention. Like elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, a mixing rotor 42 can be seen in the hopper 16, which mixes the filled raw material before it hits the feed screw 11. 50 denotes a motor which serves to drive the screw system, which comprises the feed screw 11, the working screw 13 and the distribution screw 15. In addition, the motor 50 is used to drive the cutting set 48. The connection between the motor 50 and the screw system is not shown separately for clarity in Fig. 3.

The embodiment of Fig. 3 comprises a screw system consisting of a feed screw 11 and a working screw 13, which are rotatably connected to each other via a worm clutch 44. In addition, an intermediate cutting set 46 is provided in the transition region between feed screw 11 and working screw 13, which causes a pre-reduction of the raw material material before it enters the working area 12. In this transition region an additional center bearing 52 of the screw system is provided which serves in particular for stabilizing the area with the worm clutch 44 and the additional intermediate cutting set 46.

In the food crusher of Fig. 3, the feed screw 11 projects into a feed tube 54, which is located downstream of the hopper 16 and merges into the pressure tube 17. The feed tube 54 directs the supplied raw material material to the intermediate cutting set 46, which is located in the transition region between the feed screw 11 and the working material. Worm 13 is located and provides in this embodiment for the most uniform possible feed to the intermediate cutting 46th

In Fig. 3 also arranged at the end of the screw system cutting set 48 can be seen, which consists of several cutting blades in the embodiment shown, which rotate together with the screw system and with the help of working screw 13 and the auger 15, the compressed and to be cut Good is supplied. The cutting set 48 is also driven by the motor 50, e.g. connected to the shaft carrying the screw system.

By increasing the outer diameter of the screw from the feed region 10 to the working region 12 from the value d to the value D, a constant mass volume can be transported without disproportioning between the feed region 10 and the working region 12. Despite the smaller screw flight in the working area, the working screw can be operated at the same speed as the feed screw, so that a one-piece design is possible. The enlargement of the outer diameter allows an optimal adaptation to the delivery volumes taking into account an optionally enlarged worm shaft diameter in the working area 12.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 feed area

11 feed screw 12 work area

13 working screw

14 distribution area

15 distributor screw

16 funnels 17 pressure tube

18 material application direction

20 axis

22 worm shaft in the feed area

24 flights in the feed section 26 Schneckenkammer in the feed section

27 auger chamber in the work area

28, 30 Worm shaft in the working area

31 auger heads in the feed area

32 worm gear heads in the working area 34 worm gears in the working area

36 worm shaft in the distributor area

37 displacer

38 lifting zone

40 conveying direction 42 mixing rotor

44 worm clutch

46 intermediate cutting set

48 cutting set

50 engine 52 center bearing Śuführrohr

Claims

claims

1. Rohstoffempfahme-, pressure and screw conveyor system for food crushers, in particular for mincers, comprising a working screw area (12), is passed in the material to be crushed under pressure for crushing to a cutting set (48), with at least one working screw (13) in a pressure tube (17) is rotatably mounted, and a Zuführschneckenbereich (10) in which at least one feed screw (11) is rotatably mounted, for feeding material to be comminuted in the working screw area (12), - wherein at least one working screw (13) and at least one feed screw (11) rotate at the same speed during operation, preferably by sharing a common shaft (22, 28, 30),

characterized in that

the outer diameter (D) of the at least one working screw (13) and the outer diameter (d) of the at least one feed screw (11) differ.

2. Screw system according to claim 1, characterized by a worm clutch (44) between the working screw (13) and feed screw (11).

3. Screw system according to claim 1, characterized by a combination screw, which comprises both the working screw (13), and the feed screw (11).

4. Screw system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer diameter (D) of the at least one working screw (13) is greater than the outer diameter (d) of the at least one feed screw (11).

5. Screw system according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the diameter of the combination screw in the transition region of the feed screw (11) to the working screw (13) widens conically.

6. Screw system according to claim 5, characterized in that the worm gear heads (42) are designed obliquely in the transition region.

7. A screw system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, character- ized in that in the transition region of the feed screw (11) to the working screw (13) at least one lifting zone (38), the movement of the material to be crushed to the inner wall of the Pressure tube (17) supported.

8. A screw system according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one lifting zone (38) comprises an enlargement of the worm shaft (22, 28) starting from the feed screw (11) to the working screw (13).

9. screw system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the feed screw (11) and the working screw (13) have different worm thread pitches, in particular the worm thread pitch of the feed screw (11) is greater than the worm thread pitch of the working screw (13) ,

10. Screw system according to claim 9, characterized in that in the transition region between feed and working screw, the screw chamber volume of the feed screw (11) 1.3 to 1.5 times as large as the screw chamber volume of the working screw

(13).

11. Screw system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a distributor screw (15), which adjoins the working worm (13), for transferring the material to be comminuted to a cutting set.

12. A screw system according to claim 11, insofar as it depends directly or indirectly from claim 3, characterized in that the combination screw (11, 13, 15) and the distributor screw (15).

13. Screw system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by an intermediate cutting set (46) between feed screw (11) and working screw (13).

14. Food crusher, in particular mincer, with a screw system according to one of claims 1 to 13.

15. Food crusher according to claim 14, with a cutting set (48) downstream of the working screw (13), which rotates a knife or its multiple blades at the same speed as the working screw (13).