WO2008009031A1 - Technological procedure for making industrial powdered explosives - Google Patents
Technological procedure for making industrial powdered explosives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008009031A1 WO2008009031A1 PCT/YU2006/000019 YU2006000019W WO2008009031A1 WO 2008009031 A1 WO2008009031 A1 WO 2008009031A1 YU 2006000019 W YU2006000019 W YU 2006000019W WO 2008009031 A1 WO2008009031 A1 WO 2008009031A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- explosives
- tnt
- ammonium nitrate
- calcium stearate
- wooden
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/38—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
- C06B31/40—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
Definitions
- AMONEX - 1 AMONEX - 2, AMONEX - 3, AMONEX - 4, AMONAL, AMONAL boosted, KAMNIKTIT I, KAMNIKTIT Il and AMONALIT.
- the products refer to the field of chemistry, mining, mining in the surface and underground exploitation, methane and non-methane mineral raw materials and underground exploitation of coal.
- MKP international classification
- Powdered explosives of the type AMONEX, AMONAL, AMONALIT and KAMNIKTIT for massive mining in the surface exploitation in all working environments: in dry and wet holes without water; with certain methods of physical protection and waterproof variant for mining in holes with more than 30% water content; also for mining in underground exploitation without methane and harmful coal dust; in dry and wet holes without water. Since this is about oxygen-balanced compositions of positive balance of oxygen, they are applicable in conditions of underground exploitation of useful mineral raw material and mineral free rocks; with application of appropriate methods of physical protection in mine holes with water over 30 % of water content, 2.
- the inventions consist of the technologies of the making of powdered explosives based on ammonium nitrate, TNT as a brisant component, and powdered explosives with content of sodium hydride for the purpose of reduction of the heat of explosion and sensitivity due to its application in the conditions where methane and harmful coal dust appear.
- the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate in a defined ratio prevents their hardening and allows longer shelf-life than that of the previous explosives for the same purpose, which is now six months.
- the manufacturing procedure differs in recipes, technical-mining and calculating properties and mode of dosing and homogenization of raw materials controlled and prepared for the immediate input into the production. Its stages are as follows:
- Stabilization of the explosive mixture stands for the «resting» of the homogenized explosive mass by standing for 8 hours in the area of maximum ambient temperature of 30 0 C and relative humidity of 45% at the most, except for the explosives DETONIT - 1 and DETONIT - 2 which for 12 hours.
Abstract
Production technology of powder explosives, as subject of the patent, is achieved through unique technological procedure and recipe, with phase dosing of components and theirs stirring and homogenization in explosive mixture, through the key process of 'stamping' for manufacture of highly homogenized and good energetic balanced brisant explosives with detonation speed of 4,500 m/s. Product of this technology are explosives applicable in all exploitation conditions, with wide range of calibers, and regarding theirs powder consistency applicable in mine holes with water content over 30% and in environments with methane content below 9.5%. The patent protects following products originated from the described technology: - Explosives of first group : Amonex - 1, Amonex - 2, Amonex - 3, Amonex - 4, Amonal, Atnonal reinfpred, Kamniktit I, Kamniktat II and Amonlit, which contain as main components ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene - Explosives of second group: Methandetonit 1 and Methandetonit 2, which contains as main components ammoniumnitrate, trinitrotoluene and sodium chloride.
Description
TRAYAL Korporacija Milosa Obilica bb 37000 Krusevac
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR MAKING INDUSTRIAL POWDERED EXPLOSIVES
AMONEX - 1 , AMONEX - 2, AMONEX - 3, AMONEX - 4, AMONAL, AMONAL boosted, KAMNIKTIT I, KAMNIKTIT Il and AMONALIT.
METANDETONIT 1 and METANDETONIT 2.
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING POWDERED EXPLOSIVES
Based on the brisant TNT component - (NO2)C6H2CH3 and ammonium nitrate -
NH4NO3:
AMONEX - 1, AMONEX - 2, AMONEX - 3, AMONEX - 4, AMONAL, AMONAL boosted, KAMNIKTIT I, KAMNIKTIT Il and AMONALIT.
Based on the brisant TNT component - (NO2)C6H2CHs, ammonium nitrate -
NH4NO3 and sodium chloride - NaCI - safety methane explosives:
METANDETONIT 1 i METANDETONIT 2.
SCOPE OF TECHNIQUES TO WHICH THE PROCEDURES REFER
The products refer to the field of chemistry, mining, mining in the surface and underground exploitation, methane and non-methane mineral raw materials and underground exploitation of coal.
According to the international classification (MKP), the subject procedures are classified and marked as follows:
C06 B 25/08, C06 B 31/28, C06 B 31/32, C06 B 31/38, C06 B 31/40, C06 B 31/46, C06 B 31/50.
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
The subject procedures resolve technical problems of the making of:
1. Powdered explosives of the type AMONEX, AMONAL, AMONALIT and KAMNIKTIT, for massive mining in the surface exploitation in all working environments: in dry and wet holes without water; with certain methods of physical protection and waterproof variant for mining in holes with more than 30% water content; also for mining in underground exploitation without methane and harmful coal dust; in dry and wet holes without water. Since this is about oxygen-balanced compositions of positive balance of oxygen, they are applicable in conditions of underground exploitation of useful mineral raw material and mineral free rocks; with application of appropriate methods of physical protection in mine holes with water over 30 % of water content,
2. Safety methane explosives of METANDETONIT type with oxygen balance of products of detonation applicable in conditions of appearance of methane and harmful coal dust, and working capacity (according to Trausle) necessary for making useful mineral raw material and mineral free rocks of various degrees of hardness by means of mining.
CONDITION OF TECHNIQUES
far the manufacture of powdered explosives knows the following procedures for:
1. First group explosives:
• Procedure with homogenization which is done in the mills, with appropriate recipes, based on ammonium nitrate, TNT, wooden shavings, base oil, anti- hardeners and soot, whereby explosives with maximum velocity of detonation of 3600 m/s are made, which depends on the composition of particle size. The increase of brisance of this type of explosives is done by increasing the portion of TNT, which increases sensitivity and reduces positive oxygen balance. The operation of such a plant calls for the entire overhaul of the equipment every year.
• The procedure based on ammonium nitrate, TNT, wooden flour and mixture of nitro ester; the portion of these liquid components is 10% at the most; liquid retarders and liquid fluids are also used. In these explosives, the maximum detonation velocity is 4000 m/s. This about VITEZIT explosives of series 5.
2. Second group explosives:
• The procedure based on ammonium nitrate, TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3 and sodium chloride - NaCI of up to 32%. It is characterized by strong hygroscopic which is getting lower by being charged in the paraffin paper and by adding wooden shavings in a defined ratio. The product of this technology is METANKAMNIKTIT 1.
• The procedure based on ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3, TNT, sodium chloride of up to 30%, wooden flour and 5% of mixed nitroglycerin and nitro glycol. The presence of nitroglycerin and nitro glycol enhances resistance and sensitivity so their shelf life is three months.
The product of this technology is METANVITEZIT 5.
REPORT ON THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION
The inventions consist of the technologies of the making of powdered explosives based on ammonium nitrate, TNT as a brisant component, and powdered explosives with content of sodium hydride for the purpose of reduction of the heat of explosion and sensitivity due to its application in the conditions where methane and harmful coal dust appear. The addition of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate in a defined ratio prevents their hardening and allows longer shelf-life than that of the previous explosives for the same purpose, which is now six months.
The manufacturing procedure differs in recipes, technical-mining and calculating properties and mode of dosing and homogenization of raw materials controlled and prepared for the immediate input into the production. Its stages are as follows:
STAGE I:
Measuring and dosing of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3, TNT - (NO2)CeH2CH3, wooden breech shavings without resins, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 base paraffin oil and sodium chloride - NaCI. There are different recipes for both types of powdered explosives.
STAGE II:
Homogenization of the explosive mixture for the purpose of achieving precisely determined energetic properties of certain types of explosives, through the prescribed moment of dosing and the entire time of «stepping» on the single batch, which provides specific features of our explosives.
STAGE III:
Stabilization of the explosive mixture stands for the «resting» of the homogenized explosive mass by standing for 8 hours in the area of maximum ambient temperature of 300C and relative humidity of 45% at the most, except for the explosives DETONIT - 1 and DETONIT - 2 which for 12 hours.
STAGE IV:
Crushing of explosives to the required granulation after standing is done in perforated drums with balls. The finished product, ready for charging (cartridging), is then obtained.
STAGE V:
Charging into carboard mono cartridges for diameters ranging from 17 mm to 28 mm, paraffin paper for diameters ranging from 25 mm to 42 mm, or polyethylene hoses for diameters ranging from 50 mm to 230 mm, is the final stage which provides the final shape to the explosive mixture and physical protection of the explosive.
SHORT DESCRIPTION
For the purpose of much easier comprehension and practical application of the invention in practice, the applicant refers to:
1. Recipe measuring and dosing of the oxidating components, brisant components, combustible components and anti-hardeners.
2. Time and recipe homogenization.
3. Time and conditional "resting" and crushing of the homogenized mass.
4. Charging.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the FIRST STAGE of the technology, the following recipe contents are prepared for:
THE FIRST GROUP EXPLOSIVES:
AMONEX - 1 :
82% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 16% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 0.6% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.4% of calcium stearate - C3BH7OCaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 2:
83% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 13% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 2% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,6% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.4% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 3
84,7% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 8,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 4
86,5% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 4,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 7% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,7% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONAL
96% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 2% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONAL boosted
98% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
KAMNIKTIT I
93,2% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 0,8% off base paraffin oil.
KAMNIKTIT Il
91 % of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 7% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONALIT.
96,55% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 0,5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 ,2% of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 ,75% off base paraffin oil.
THE SECOND GROUP EXPLOSIVES:
METANDETONIT 1 :
62,3% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 7,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H7OCaO4; 28% of sodium chloride - NaCI and 1% off base paraffin oil.
METANDETONIT 2:
63,3% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 6,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H7oCaO4; 28% of sodium chloride - NaCI and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
In the SECOND STAGE of the Technology dosing, stirring and homogenization of the explosive mixture is performed, through the process of «stepping» grinding, whereby the specificity of the production is in the strict respect of the stated recipes and time adding of each component.
Within 10 minutes, dosing and stirring are done by means of «stepping» ammonium nitrate and TNT, to which ROF-57 Soot (300 g) is added as an indicator of stirring grade of explosive mixture. After this time carboxymethyll cellulose and calcium stearate are added and the «stepping» continues. After 20 minutes base paraffin oil is added, and after 30 minutes wooden shavings are added. The entire «stepping» till complete homogenization lasts 40 minutes.
For the SECOND GROUP EXPLOSIVES - safety powdered explosives, this operation is somewhat altered and it develops in the following way: After measuring, during "stepping", dosing of ammonium nitrate, TNT and NaCI within 10 minutes is performed. Then carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate are added and «stepped» on for the next 10 minutes. Base paraffin oil is added after that and finally, after 10 minutes, wooden shavings are added. The entire process lasts 60 minutes.
In the THIRD STAGE of the technological process, powdered explosives are stabilized by resting for 8 hours with maximum ambient temperature of 300C and 45 % of maximum relative humidity except for the explosives DETONIT-1 and DETONIT-2, which rest for 12 hours.
In the FOURTH STAGE, after the resting, the explosives are crushed in perforated drums with balls and the finished product is got, which is ready for the next stage of the technology.
In the FIFTH STAGE the charging is performed, which provides the necessary physical protection and the final shape of the explosive.
Applicant General Representative
MODE OF THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE
INVENTION
The industrial application of explosives barely result of f chemichal formula product.
In any occasion application of explosives (this patent) depeend of specific locality, times and other states and situation.
Applicant General Representative
Claims
1. The procedure for the making of powdered explosives is, characized by, representing a unique technological procedure which differs in recipes from the previous products in technical-mining and calculating properties and modes of time dosing and homogeneization of raw materials which are controlled and prepared for the immediate input into the production. Its manufacturing stages are as follows:
STAGE I:
Measuring and dosing of ammonium nitrate, TNT, wooden shavings, carboxymethyll cellulose, soot, calcium stearate, base oil and sodium chloride, characized by, according to the recipes which depend on the group of powdered explosives.
THE FIRST GROUP EXPLOSIVES:
AMONEX - 1 :
82% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 16% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 0.6% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.4% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 2:
83% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 13% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 2% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,6% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.4% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 3
84,7% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 8,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONEX - 4
86,5% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 4,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 7% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,7% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1% off base paraffin oil.
AMONAL
96% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 2% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONAL boosted
98% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
KAMNIKTIT I
93,2% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 0,8% off base paraffin oil.
KAMNIKTIT Il
91 % of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 7% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 % of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
AMONALIT.
96,55% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 and TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 0,5% of wooden beech shavings without resins; 1 ,2% of carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4 and 1 ,75% off base paraffin oil.
THE SECOND GROUP EXPLOSIVES:
METANDETONIT 1 :
62,3% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 7,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4; 28% of sodium chloride - NaCI and 1% off base paraffin oil.
METANDETONIT 2:
63,3% of ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3; 6,5% of TNT - (NO2)C6H2CH3; 1 % of wooden beech shavings without resins; 0,5% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.3% of calcium stearate - C36H70CaO4; 28% of sodium chloride - NaCI and 1 % off base paraffin oil.
STAGE II:
Homogenization of the explosive mixture, characterized by, the operation which attains precisely determined energy properties of some types of explosives, varying moment of dosing and the entire time of "stepping" of each batch.
The specificity of the production is in the strict respect of the stated recipes and time adding of each component.
Within 10 minutes, dosing and stirring are done by means of "stepping" ammonium nitrate and TNT, to which ROF-57 Soot (300 g) is added as an indicator of stirring grade of explosive mixture. After this time carboxymethyll cellulose and calcium stearate are added and the «stepping» continues. After 20 minutes base paraffin oil is added, and after 30 minutes wooden shavings are added. The entire «stepping» till complete homogenization lasts 40 minutes.
For the SECOND GROUP EXPLOSIVES - safety powdered explosives, this operation is somewhat altered and it develops in the following way: After measuring, during "stepping", dosing of ammonium nitrate, TNT and NaCI within 10 minutes is performed. Then carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium stearate are added and «stepped» on for the next 10 minutes. Base paraffin oil is added after that and finally, after 10 minutes, wooden shavings are added. The entire process lasts 60 minutes.
STAGE III:
Stabilization of the explosive mixture, characterized by, stands for the «resting» of the homogenized explosive mass by standing for 8 hours in the area of maximum ambient temperature of 300C and relative humidity of 45% at the most, except for the explosives DETONIT - 1 and DETONIT - 2 which for 12 hours.
STAGE IV:
Crushing of explosives to the required granulation, characterized by, after standing is done in perforated drums with balls. The finished product, ready for charging (cartridging), is then obtained.
STAGE V:
Charging into carboard mono cartridges for diameters ranging from 17 mm to 28 mm, paraffin paper for diameters ranging from 25 mm to 42 mm, or polyethylene hoses for diameters ranging from 50 mm to 230 mm, is the final stage which provides the final shape to the explosive mixture and physical protection of the explosive.
1. The procedure for the making of powdered explosives, characterized by, he fact that products applicable in all conditions of exploitation and with wide scope of calibers are made, considering the powdered consistency and physical protection provided by charging and also in mineholes with over 30% of water content.
2. The procedure for the making of powdered explosives of the first group, sharacterized by, is indicated by the fact that it is a unique technological process with the recipes with time-stage dosing of precisely measured components, their stirring and homogenization in the explosive mixtures, by trie process of «stepping» done on the wheel crusher, as crucial for the making of highly brisant explosives with well balanced content of the positive balance oxygen range from +0.1 % to +2.8% of and enhanced maximum detonation velocity of up to 4500m/s and with shelf life extended for 6 months.
3. The procedure for the making of powdered explosives of the second group, characterized by, is indicated by the fact that cheaper explosives with better energy balance are made, which have positive balance ranges from +2.7% to +4.05% of oxygen and larger security against ignition, so considerably higher limit of methane concentration in the atmosphere (up to 9.5%) is allowed, with high detonation velocity of up to 3600 m/s.
Applicant General Representative
UnjojaEΘj^riventors and authors of tedτ<h{cal
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| YUP-0419/06 | 2006-07-11 | ||
| YUP041906 | 2006-07-11 |
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| WO2008009031A1 true WO2008009031A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103113171A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-05-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Titanium hydride-type high-energy composite explosive and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103113171A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-05-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Titanium hydride-type high-energy composite explosive and preparation method thereof |
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