RU2525550C2 - Industrial explosive substance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of industrial explosive substances (IES) based on powders, used as well charges in the mining industry and construction. The composition contains, wt %: as a sensibiliser, utilised ballistite solid rocket fuel or ballistite powder based on nitro-glycerine, in the form of chips with dimensions from 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, with the number of particles, which are not larger than 5.0 mm, being not less than 60 wt %, the surface of which in the process of crushing is covered with a silicon oil film, in an amount of 3-10% of the sensitiser weight - 35-60. As an oxidiser the composition contains granulated or crushed ammonium nitrate 40-65, and as liquid fuel, industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, black oil or Diesel fuel 3-15 above 100 wt %. The composition is intended for carrying out explosive works on the ground surface, by a method of well charges in the temperature range of the environment from minus 50 to plus 50°C, in wells of any degree of water cuttings, including with flowing water.

EFFECT: invention ensures an increased level of IES application safety, on the basis of utilised ballistite solid rocket fuels and powders, containing nitro-glycerine, due to the prevention of nitro-glycerine exudation on the surface of the powder elements, as well as ensures physical stability, increased energy and ecological characteristics of IES due to the balance of content of the oxidiser and fuel and optimisation of dimensions of the powder particles.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial explosives (PVV) based on gunpowders used as borehole charges in the mining industry and construction.

As an analogue, the powder composition (patent RU No. 2026276) is considered, which contains, wt.%: Granules of ballistic solid rocket fuel 30-42, granules of ammonium nitrate 15-39; instrument oil 1-2; granular pyroxylin powder containing, wt.%: alcohol-ether mixture 10-25; diphenylamine 1-2; water 0.5-1.5 and pyroxylin - the rest. Moreover, ballistic solid rocket fuel pellets contain ballistic solid rocket fuel based on nitroglycerin or a mixture of NGC with diethylene glycol dinitrate.

The disadvantage of this powder composition is the high probability of exudation of nitroglycerin on the surface of the granules, which greatly increases the risk of handling.

As an analogue, a composition was chosen (patent RU No. 2330830) containing recyclable ballistic solid rocket fuel in the form of chips with a particle size of 2.0 to 50.0 mm, granulotol and industrial oil as a phlegmatizer. This composition has found application in wells of any degree of water cut, including running water in rocks with a coefficient of strength on the Protodyakonov scale of up to 20.

The disadvantages of this composition are:

- unbalanced composition according to the content of fuel and oxidizing agent (negative oxygen balance), which leads to the formation of explosive toxic products during the explosion and the inability to ensure maximum explosive performance;

- an arbitrary ratio of charge particles of various sizes, which leads to the appearance of significant air cavities between them and reduces the energy characteristics of the composition in non-watered wells;

- limiting the scope of application of the composition by using it in flooded wells, since the dry efficiency is much lower, and the release of toxic explosion products is large.

This composition has a high sensitivity to shock and friction.

As a prototype, an industrial explosive was used containing, as a sensitizer, utilized crushed ballistic rocket fuel or ballistic gunpowder with a particle size (0.01-60.0) mm, granular or powdered (crushed) ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent and liquid fuel - diesel fuel, fuel oil, mineral oils (industrial, instrument), with a ratio of components of ammonium nitrate - 19-98, a mixture of sensitizer and liquid fuel 81-2 (RU 2230724 C1, C06B 31/28, publ. 20.06.2004).

The disadvantage is the high risk of using industrial explosives based on ballistic solid rocket fuels and powders containing nitroglycerin due to the high probability of nitroglycerin exudation on the surface of the powder elements as a result of long-term storage, instability of explosive characteristics, and high environmental hazard.

The technical result is to increase the safety level of the use of industrial explosives based on ballistic solid rocket fuels and powders containing nitroglycerin by preventing the exudation of nitroglycerin on the surface of powder elements, ensuring physical stability, increasing the energy and environmental characteristics of industrial explosives by balancing the content of the oxidizing agent and fuel, increasing the volumetric concentration of charge energy in non-irrigated wells by optimizing the size of powder particles, safe to handle.

The technical result is achieved in that an industrial explosive substance containing as a sensitizer disposable ballistic rocket solid fuel or ballistic powder, ammonium nitrate in granular or crushed form as an oxidizing agent and liquid fuel, contains ballistic powder on the basis of nitroglycerin, a sensitizer in the form of a powder in the form of 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, with particles not exceeding 5.0 mm, not less than 60 wt.%, The surface of the sensitizer is covered with a film of silicone oil, in an amount of 3 ... 10% of m ssy sensitizer, and as the liquid fuel contains, industrial, instrumentation oil, rapeseed oil, heating oil, or diesel fuel with the following ratio, wt.%:

ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic powder, film coated silicone oil - 35-60 granular or crushed ammonium nitrate - 40-65 liquid fuel - industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel - 3-15 over 100%

The proposed explosive composition contains crushed recyclable ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic powder based on nitroglycerin as a sensitizer with a particle size of 1.0 to 20.0 mm, as a phlegmatizer silicone oil, granular or ground ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, and as liquid fuels industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel fuel.

The particle size of the crushed ballistic powder or ballistic solid rocket fuel does not exceed 5.0 mm, is not less than 60 wt.%, And the maximum particle size in an amount of up to 40 wt.% Does not exceed 20.0 mm.

The composition of explosives was developed taking into account the provision of higher detonation parameters during explosion (heat of explosion, detonation velocity, critical diameter of detonation, etc.) compared with the prototype, physical stability of the system (exclusion of delamination of components), and low sensitivity of explosives to mechanical stresses ( sensitivity to shock). The introduction of ground powder allowed (see table) to significantly increase the detonation characteristics of explosives: up to 12% increase the heat of explosion and reduce the critical diameter of detonation from (100 ... 120) mm to (75-90) mm. Liquid petroleum products, introduced into the explosives as a fuel, simultaneously provide phlegmatization of gunpowder and allow maintaining sensitivity to shock at the level of low-sensitivity regular explosives - igdanites.

The composition is made as follows.

The utilized ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic gunpowder is processed into chips, to a particle size of 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, during grinding, the surface of the chips is coated with a silicone film (polydimethylsiloxane liquid), which is part of the cooling agent.

It should be noted that the process of nitroglycerin release occurs not only during storage of BTRT and ballistic powders, but also during cutting. It has been established that it is precisely the grinding in a mixture of water and silicone oil that allows the resulting silicone film to reliably prevent the release of nitroglycerin released into the aqueous solution during mechanical grinding, as well as during further operations with the resulting PVV, which makes the process safe. It is this film that prevents the release of nitroester from the powder mass, the resulting PVV will be safe to handle. Given the storage and use of PVV, this factor is crucial. Next, the resulting chips are mixed with a pre-prepared mixture of granular or ground ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel. This sequence of mixing operations is due to the need to prevent the removal of the silicone oil film from the powder particles due to the high hygroscopicity of ammonium nitrate. As a liquid fuel use industrial oil GOST 20799, or instrument oil, or rapeseed oil, or fuel oil, or diesel fuel, which from the point of view of functioning in the composition of the explosive and the chemistry of explosive processes are equivalent. In addition, added water-insoluble liquid combustibles (industrial oil GOST 20799, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel fuel) are capable of enveloping particles with a film, reducing caking, hygroscopicity of ammonium nitrate. As a result, the rate of moisture absorption by this substance decreases, i.e. perform the role of technological additives. In addition, they in excess of 100% correct oxygen balance indicators.

The manufacturing process of the proposed explosives is carried out using existing equipment (cutting machines, rollers, etc.).

The table below shows the physico-chemical and explosive characteristics of the compositions of the proposed PVV in comparison with analogues.

Examples:

Composition 1 40/60

Ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic gunpowder, in the form of shavings, film coated silicone oil - 40 (silicone oil 3-10% by weight) Ammonium nitrate - 60 Liquid fuel - 3-15 over 100%

Composition 2 50/50

Ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic gunpowder, in the form of shavings, film coated silicone oil - fifty. (silicone oil 3-10% by weight) Ammonium nitrate - fifty Liquid fuel - 3-15 over 100%

Composition 3 60/40

Ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic gunpowder, in the form of shavings, film coated silicone oil - 60 (silicone oil 3-10% by weight) Ammonium nitrate - 40 Liquid fuel - 3-15 over 100%

Table Name of indicator Analog (2330830) Composition 1 40/60 Composition 2 50/50 Composition 3 60/40 one 2 3 four 5 Ballistic solid rocket fuel 90 ± 1% Ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic powder in the form of chips (coated with silicone oil) 40% fifty% 60% Granulotol 10 ± 1% - - - Silicone oil - phlegmatizer in% by weight of sensitizer - 3-10 3-10 3-10 Ammonium nitrate - 60% fifty% 40%

one 2 3 four 5 Liquid fuel, in excess of 100% (industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel fuel) 1 ± 0.2% 3-15% 3-15% 3-15% The heat of explosion, kJ / kg 3970-4400 4500-5000 4500-5000 4500-5000 The volume of gaseous products of the explosion, l / kg 850-900 850-900 850-900 850-900 Oxygen balance,% - (30 ... 35) -15 ... + 5 -15 ... + 5 -15 ... + 5 Bulk density, g / cm ³ 0.85-0.9 0.89-0.91 0.89-0.91 0.89-0.91 Density in the water-filled state, g / cm ³ 1.15-1.17 1.15-1.2 1.15-1.2 1.15-1.2 The speed of detonation (in the dry state), m / s 4500-5000 4700-5200 4700-5200 4700-5200 Critical Knock Diameter: - an open charge in a dry state, mm; 100-120 75-90 75-90 75-90 - open charge in a water-filled state, mm 80-100 60-80 60-80 60-80 Performance according to GOST 4546-81: - in a dry state, cm ³ 330-380 300-350 300-350 300-350 - in a water-filled state, cm ³ 400-450 370-420 370-420 370-420 Brisance according to GOST 5984-80, mm 20-24 20-25 20-25 20-25 Sensitivity to shock in accordance with GOST 4545: - the frequency of explosions in the device No. 1,% 12-24 20-28 20-28 20-28 Sensitivity to friction according to OST B -84-895-83 : - lower limit, MPa 218-250 280-295 280-295 280-295 Flash point at a delay time of 60 s, ° C 181-183 185-189 185-189 185-189 Minimum ignition energy, J, not less one one one one

The table shows that the presence of silicone oil as a phlegmatizer on the surface of the chips in the indicated quantities provides sufficient safety in handling the proposed compositions of industrial explosives, the presence of ammonium nitrate allows to achieve a high balance in the composition of explosives of the liquid fuel-oxidizer ratio, due to which increased energy efficiency and better environmental friendliness of such industrial explosives. The above ratios of relative contents in the composition of explosives in the form of chips of various sizes provide optimal use of the volume of explosive charges, which makes it possible to rationally use the volume of charge and increase the energy content of the charge.

As can be seen from the table, most of the calculated and experimental characteristics are not lower compared to the prototype. It is important to note the significantly lower oxygen balance of the proposed industrial explosives, which provides them with higher performance, due to a slightly higher detonation speed and a larger total amount of gaseous detonation products, as well as their improved environmental friendliness, due to a decrease in the amount of harmful gases generated in the detonation products .

Explosive composition in its characteristics is designed for blasting on the earth's surface, during rock breaking with a coefficient of strength on the MM scale. Protodyakonov up to 20 by the method of borehole charges in the temperature range of the environment from minus 50 to plus 50 ° C, in wells of any degree of water cut, including running water. Tests of the proposed explosives in full-scale conditions showed that the wells are charged without complications, redistribution of components in the explosive during transportation, storage and testing does not occur. When initiating charges from regular means of initiating failures, it was not recorded. In terms of effectiveness (detonation parameter, crushing of rocks), the proposed explosive significantly exceeds its analogues.

Claims (1)

An industrial explosive containing as a sensitizer disposable ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic powder, ammonium nitrate in granular or crushed form as an oxidizing agent and liquid fuel, characterized in that it contains ballistic powder based on nitroglycerin, a sensitizer in the form of chips 0 mm to 20.0 mm, with particles not exceeding 5.0 mm, at least 60 wt.%, The surface of the sensitizer is covered with a film of silicone oil in an amount of 3-10% by weight of the sensitizer, and as a liquid fuel contains industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel fuel in the following ratio, wt.%:
ballistic solid rocket fuel or ballistic powder, film coated silicone oil 35-60 granular or crushed ammonium nitrate 40-65 liquid fuel - industrial oil, instrument oil, rapeseed oil, fuel oil or diesel 3-15 over 100%