RU183165U1 - DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL CHARGE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to shock fuses, in particular to industrial subversive charges. In the proposed utility model, an industrial subversive charge, consisting of explosive material (BM), including TNT, in a polymer case with a socket with a polymer shell and a through channel, the inlet openings of which are connected by a recess, and from the end, where only the through channel hole is made, is located a lid, wherein the through channel and the recess are made with polymer shells, and the polymer shell of the recess is connected to the polymer shells of the socket, the through channel, and the polymer bottom of the body, wherein Container material comprises a high energy component in an amount of from 7 to 76 wt. %, the total mass fraction of moisture and volatiles in TNT is not more than 2.1 wt. % The particle size of the high-energy component is not more than 1.5 mm. VM as a high-energy component contains hexogen or TEN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), or mixtures thereof. As TNT, the charge contains molten TNT or a mixture of molten TNT with a polydispersed TNT solid phase in the form of pieces, granules or flakes, or mixtures thereof with a size of not more than 19 mm with a total content in VM together with particles of a high-energy component of not more than 77 wt. % The shell of the nest is made in the form of a truncated cone. VM contains para-mononitrotoluene concentration from 0.1 to 1.7 wt. % in excess of 100 or contains a mixture of mononitrotoluene or a mixture of mononitrotoluene with dinitrotoluene. The proposed charge in comparison with the prototype during the explosive transformation decreases the amount of gas hazard to 5.1 m ³ / (t VM). 7 C.p. f-ls, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to shock fuses, in particular to industrial subversive charges, including those intended for use with a non-electric initiation system, and is also initiated from electric detonators, detonating cords, and detonator caps. It is used for reliable and safe detonation of borehole and other charges of insensitive industrial explosives (explosives), including emulsion explosives, during blasting operations on the earth's surface.

Known molten TNT charges of a cylindrical shape with a through channel along the axis of the charge, manufactured with a pressed TNT bomb, used as explosive materials on the surface of the day [Molten TNT charges for seismic work. Technical conditions OST 84-1367-76].

Also known is a detonator block for industrial blasting, containing a through channel and made by pouring from a mixed explosive material (BM), including TNT, is additionally equipped with a socket with a diameter of 8-9 mm and a depth of 95-120 mm from the end of the block, the center distance between the channel and the nest is 20-60 mm, and the inlet of the channel and the nest are connected by a recess of a depth of 6-30 mm; the recess is divided in the lower part by a rounded jumper; the axis of the through channel coincides with the axis of the checker [Certificate for utility model RU No. 3642 of 12/27/1995].

The closest utility model of the same purpose to the claimed utility model in terms of features is a detonator bomb for industrial blasting containing a mixture of a solid dispersed blasting component and cast TNT, made with a through channel and socket, the inlet openings of which are connected by a recess, a polymer shell and a polymer disk from the end, where only the hole of the through channel is made, and the explosive material additionally contains mononitrotoluene in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

solid dispersed blasting component 25-72 mononitrotoluene 0.4-5.1 TNT the rest is up to 100

- the particle size of the solid dispersed blasting component is not more than 1.4 mm Explosive material as a solid dispersed blasting (high-energy) component contains hexogen or TEN [Utility model RU 164061 U1, 08/20/2016], which can be taken as a prototype.

However, it is widely known that during the explosive transformation of TNT, gas harmfulness in large volumes is formed.

When creating the proposed utility model, the task was to get such a subversive industrial charge (molded check-detonator), during the explosive transformation of which gas hazard is formed in reduced volumes compared to the prototype.

To achieve such a technical result, an industrial subversive charge is proposed, consisting of explosive material, including trotyl, in a polymer case with a socket with a polymer shell and a through channel, the inlet openings of which are connected by a recess, and from the end, where only the through channel hole is made, there is a cover wherein the through channel and the recess are made with polymer shells, and the polymer shell of the recess is connected to the polymer shells of the nest, the through channel, and with the polymer bottom corps, and the explosive material contains a high-energy component in an amount of from 7 to 76 wt. %, the total mass fraction of moisture and volatiles in TNT is not more than 2.1 wt. % The particle size of the high-energy component is not more than 1.5 mm. Explosive material as a high-energy component contains RDX or TEN or mixtures thereof.

Mass fraction of moisture in TNT is not more than 2.0 wt. %

As TNT, the charge contains molten TNT or a mixture of molten TNT with a polydispersed TNT solid phase in the form of pieces, granules or flakes, or mixtures thereof with a size of not more than 19 mm with a total content in the explosive material together with particles of a high-energy component of not more than 77 wt. %

The shell of the nest is made in the form of a truncated cone.

The thickness of the body of the proposed charge is 0.6-1.7 mm, the cover is made of paper, cardboard or polymeric material 0.06-2.2 mm thick, the inner diameter of the socket is from 7.7 to 9.8 mm, the depth is from 70 to 130 mm; the thickness of the shell of the nest from 0.6 to 1.1 mm, the inner diameter of the through channel from 15 to 17 mm, the thickness of the shell of the through channel, from 0.7 to 1.2 mm.

Explosive material contains para-mononitrotoluene concentration from 0.1 to 1.7 wt. % in excess of 100 or contains a mixture of mononitrotoluene or a mixture of mononitrotoluene with dinitrotoluene from 0.2 to 2.3 wt. % in excess of 100, containing para-mononitrotoluene more than 35 wt. %

The subversive industrial charge is illustrated by the drawings of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The charge, FIG. 1, consisting of explosive material 12, including trotyl, in a polymer case 1 with a socket 7 with a polymer shell 6 and a through channel 10, the inlet openings of which 5 and 8 are respectively connected by a recess 4, and from the end, where only the hole of the through channel 10 is made the cover is located 11; wherein the through channel 10 and the recess 4 are respectively made with polymer shells 9 and 3, and the polymer shell 3 of the recess 4 is connected integrally with the polymer shells 6 and 9 of the socket 7, the through channel 10 and with the polymer bottom 2 of the housing 1, the explosive material 12 contains high energy component 14, FIG. 2, in an amount of from 7 to 76 wt. %, the total mass fraction of moisture and volatiles in TNT is not more than 2.1 wt. % The particle size of the high-energy component 14 is not more than 1.5 mm. Explosive material 12 as a high-energy component 14 contains hexogen or TEN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), or mixtures thereof. Mass fraction of moisture in TNT is not more than 2.0 wt. %

The charge as trotyl contains molten TNT 13 or a mixture of molten TNT 13 with a polydispersed TNT solid phase in the form of pieces 15, granules 16 or flakes 17, or mixtures thereof with a size of not more than 19 mm with a total content in the explosive material together with particles of high-energy component 14 no more than 77 wt. %

Shell 6, FIG. 1, slots 7 are made in the form of a truncated cone.

The thickness δ _{1 of the} housing 1 is 0.6-1.7 mm, the cover 11 is made of paper, cardboard or polymer material with a thickness of δ ₂ equal to 0.06 - 2.2 mm, the inner diameter d of the socket 7 is from 7.7 to 9 , 8 mm, depth H from 70 to 130 mm, thickness δ _{3 of the} shell 6 of the socket 7 from 0.6 to 1.1 mm, inner diameter D of the through channel 10 from 15 to 17 mm, thickness δ _{4 of the} shell 9 of the through channel from 0 , 7 to 1.2 mm.

Explosive material 12 contains para-mononitrotoluene (para-MNT) concentration from 0.1 to 1.7 wt. % in excess of 100 or contains a mixture of mononitrotoluene (MNT) or a mixture of MNT with dinitrotoluene (DNT) from 0.2 to 2.3 wt. % in excess of 100, containing para-MNT more than 35 wt. %

If the explosive material (BM) contains a high-energy component of 7 wt. %, then the concentration of TNT will be 100-7 = 93 wt. % Let us determine the decrease in gas harmfulness during the explosive transformation of a VM containing moisture (water) in TNT with a fraction of 0.06 wt. % (in the prototype TNT does not contain moisture).

In this case, the proportion of water in the proposed composition will be equal to: 93 × 0.06 / 100 = 0.0558 wt. % or 0.0558 / 100 = 0.000558 (kg of water) / (kg of VM).

This amount of water is replaced with trotyl in the prototype 0.000558 (kg of TNT prototype) / (kg VM).

During the explosive conversion of TNT (granulotol), gas harmfulness is formed in an amount equal to 275 l / (kg of TNT) [L.V. Korneeva et al. Production of industrial explosives and materials for mining enterprises // Mining Journal, No. 10, 2003 - p. 33. Table 1, 5th line from the top]. Significant gas harmfulness is formed due to the oxidation of TNT upon contact of TNT with the environment (air).

In the prototype, TNT is in no way protected from contact with air through the free surfaces of the through channel, recesses, and nests, which contributes to the oxidation of TNT.

The value of 0.000558 (kg of trotyl of the prototype) / (kg of VM) during the explosive transformation forms a volume of gas hazard equal to 275 × 0.000558 = 0.15 (l of gas hazard) / (kg VM).

In the proposed charge, the through channel, the recess and the nest are made with polymer shells (TNT is not oxidized, it is protected from contact with atmospheric oxygen). Therefore, for the proposed charge, in comparison with the prototype, the volume of gas hazard is reduced by an amount equal to the value of 0.15 (l gas hazard) / (kg VM) or 0.15 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM).

Similarly, we determine that during the explosive conversion of the proposed charge compared with the prototype when replacing TNT with water with a concentration of water:

- 2.0 wt. % in TNT we get a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness containing 93 wt. % TNT in VM, by an amount equal to 5.1 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 2.0 wt. % in TNT we get a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness, containing 86 wt. % TNT in VM, by an amount equal to 4.7 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 0.06 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness containing 50 wt. % TNT in VM, by an amount equal to the value of 0.08 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 2.0 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness containing 50 wt. % TNT in VM, by an amount equal to the value of 2.8 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

If in the proposed charge the concentration of the high-energy component in the VM is 7 wt. %, then the concentration of TNT will be 100-7 = 93 wt. % Let us determine the decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness of a charge during the explosive transformation of a VM containing the total (total) mass fraction of moisture (water) and volatile substances (with their ratio of 50/50) in TNT equal to 0.06 wt. %

In this case, the proportion of water in the explosive material is equal to the value 93 × 0.06 × 0.5 / 100 = 0.03 wt. % or 0.03 / 100 = 0.0003 (kg of water) / (kg of VM).

This amount of water is replaced with TNT in the prototype 0.0003 (kg of TNT prototype) / (kg VM).

The value of 0.0003 (kg of trotyl of the prototype) / (kg of VM) during the explosive transformation forms a volume of gas hazard equal to 275 × 0.0003 = 0.08 (l of gas hazard) / (kg VM).

Therefore, the replacement of TNT with water in the proposed charge reduces the amount of gas hazard by 0.08 (l gas hazard) / (kg VM) or 0.08 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM) compared with the prototype.

Similarly, we determine that during the explosive conversion of the proposed charge in comparison with the prototype when replacing TNT with water with a total (total) mass fraction of moisture (water) and volatile substances (when their ratio is 50/50):

- 0.12 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas hazard VM, containing 86 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 0.14 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

-2.1 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas hazard VM, containing 86 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 2.5 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM) in relation to the prototype.

- 0.06 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness of VM containing 50 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 0.04 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 0.12 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness of VM containing 50 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 0.08 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 2.1 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness of VM containing 50 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 1.44 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

- 2.1 wt. % in TNT, we obtain a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness of VM containing 24 wt. % TNT, by an amount equal to the value of 0.69 (m ³ gas hazard) / (t VM);

The mass fraction of water (moisture) in TNT is determined experimentally by any known method. The total (total) share of water (moisture) and volatiles in TNT can be determined by the following method. 9-11 g of TNT are crushed, then placed in an even layer in a dry clean glass and weighed in grams to the fourth decimal place. A cup of TNT is dried in an oven for 2.5 hours at a temperature of 60 to 65 ° C. After drying, the TNT cup is closed with a lid, cooled in a desiccator for 40-50 minutes and weighed in grams to the fourth decimal place. The total mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances is calculated taking into account the mass of a sample of TNT, the mass of a glass of TNT before drying and after drying.

The average size (diameter) of the particles of the high component of the prototype 1.4 / 2 = 0.7 mm, the volume of a sphere π0,7 ^{3/6 3} = 0.18 mm, while the proposed charge average particle size - equal to 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 mm, volume π0,75 ^3/6 = 0.22 mm ^3. Therefore, the average particle size of the high-energy component of the proposed charge is greater than the average particle size of the prototype by 100 (0.22-0.18) / 0.22 = 18%. This indicator is very important, since the explosion temperatures of the components are different. TNT has an explosion temperature of 3100 ° C, hexogen 3400 ° C, and a heating element of 3900 ° C [L.V. Dubnov et al. Industrial explosives. 3rd edition, revised and supplemented. M., "NEDRA", 1988, p. 49, 15-18 lines from the top]. High-energy components (RDX and TEN) have an explosion temperature higher than that of TNT. And the higher the temperature of the explosion of the components and the larger the size of their particles, the more rapidly the explosive transformation of VMs containing TNT occurs, and, as a result, the volume of gas hazard is formed.

The TNT solid phase (pieces, granules or flakes, or mixtures thereof) located in the VM reduces the segregation of high-energy components with TNT melt during charge production, which further during the explosive transformation of the VM reduces the amount of gas harmfulness. TNT solid phase contains in its volume pores filled with gas (air). During the passage of the detonation wave through the pores, the gas is compressed with increasing temperature. Elevated temperature increases the speed of explosive transformation of VMs. And the increased explosive conversion rate of the VM additionally leads to a decrease in the volume of gas harmfulness.

If the content of the high-energy component is less than 7.0 wt. %, then the explosion energy does not increase significantly, and if - more than 76 wt. %, then the technology of equipping charges becomes more complicated. When the proportion of moisture (water) in TNT is more than 2.0 wt. %, then in the winter conditions of the Far North, due to the crystallization of water, the formation of large cracks in cast VMs is possible. The particle size of the high-energy component of more than 1.5 mm leads to a significant separation of them with a TNT melt, which leads to the additional formation of a volume of harmful gases during explosive conversion of charges.

If the TNT solid phase has a size of more than 19 mm and its total content in the explosive material together with particles of high-energy components is more than 77 wt. %, then the technology of filling the VM charge is complicated.

If the thickness of the charge case is less than 0.6 mm, then the case has insufficient strength, and if it is more than 1.7 mm, then excess polymer material is consumed. A cover with a thickness of less than 0.06 mm is not technologically advanced, and - more than 2.2 mm leads to excessive consumption of material. An internal diameter of the nest of less than 7.7 mm and a depth of less than 70 mm does not fully install the detonator capsule into the nest, and a diameter of more than 9.8 mm and a depth of more than 130 mm creates excess free space between the surface of the detonator capsule and the nearest surface VM The thickness of the shell of the nest less than 0.6 mm significantly reduces its strength, and - more than 1.1 mm leads to a decrease in momentum from the detonator capsule to the VM, which leads to the additional formation of the volume of harmful gases.

The diameter of the through channel less than 15 mm does not allow to establish a sufficient number of detonating cords (DNT), and - more than 17 mm significantly increases the free space between the surface of the accident and VM. The thickness of the shell of the through channel of less than 0.7 mm significantly reduces its strength, and - more than 1.2 mm leads to an additional consumption of polymer material.

According to the technical regulations of the Customs Union [TP TS 028/2012 "On the safety of explosives and products based on them." Decision of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 57 of July 20, 2012. Article 4, paragraph 1] manufactured explosives must be marked: a) in order to detect them by introducing marking substances that provide remote detection by technical or other means. The content of para-MNT (marking substance) in the proposed charge is associated with the implementation of TP TC 028/2012, aimed at combating terrorism.

If the concentration of para-MNT in VM is less than 0.1 wt. % in excess of 100 wt. % (less than 0.2 wt.% a mixture of MNT or a mixture of MNT with DNT containing para-MNT more than 35 wt.%, in excess of 100 wt.%), it will be difficult to detect VMs remotely to ensure a successful fight against terrorism. And if the concentration of para-MNT in VM is more than 1.7 wt. % in excess of 100 wt. % (more than 2.3 wt.% a mixture of MNT or a mixture of MNT with DNT containing para-MNT more than 35 wt.%, in excess of 100 wt.%), then the charge will increase significantly at cost.

Summarized application data are given in the table "Reducing the volume of gas harmfulness, which is formed during the explosive conversion of the proposed charge in comparison with the prototype."

As can be seen from the table, the proposed charge in comparison with the prototype during the explosive transformation decreases the amount of gas hazard to 5.1 m ³ / (t VM).

Therefore, the charge for industrial use exceeds the prototype and the task is achieved: to offer such a charge, during the explosive transformation of which gas hazard is formed in reduced volumes compared to the prototype.

Industrial explosive charges at the request of the customer can be made with a mass of BM from 75 g to 4000 g.

Claims (8)

1. Industrial subversive charge, consisting of explosive material, including trotyl, in a polymer case with a socket with a polymer shell and a through channel, the inlet openings of which are connected by a recess, and from the end, where only the through channel hole is made, there is a lid, characterized in that the through channel and the recess are made with polymer shells, and the polymer shell of the recess is connected to the polymer shells of the socket, the through channel and the polymer bottom of the body, and the explosive material contains okoenergetichesky component in an amount of from 7 to 76 wt. %, the total mass fraction of moisture and volatiles in TNT is not more than 2.1 wt. % 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the high-energy component is not more than 1.5 mm. 3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive material as a high-energy component contains RDX or TEN, or mixtures thereof. 4. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of moisture in TNT is not more than 2.0 wt. % 5. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains molten TNT or a mixture of molten TNT with a polydispersed TNT solid phase in the form of pieces, granules or flakes, or mixtures thereof with a size of not more than 19 mm with a total content in explosive material together with particles of a high-energy component of not more than 77 wt. % 6. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the nest is made in the form of a truncated cone. 7. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the housing is 0.6-1.7 mm, the cover is made of paper, cardboard or polymer material 0.06-2.2 mm thick, the inner diameter of the socket is from 7.7 to 9.8 mm, depth from 70 to 130 mm, nest shell thickness from 0.6 to 1.1 mm, through channel internal diameter from 15 to 17 mm, through channel shell thickness from 0.7 to 1.2 mm. 8. Charge by. 1, characterized in that the explosive material contains para-mononitrotoluene concentration from 0.1 to 1.7 wt. % in excess of 100 or contains a mixture of mononitrotoluene or a mixture of mononitrotoluene with dinitrotoluene from 0.2 to 2.3 wt. % in excess of 100, containing para-mononitrotoluene more than 35 wt. %

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