RU163467U1 - BLASTING EMULSION CHARGE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Subversive emulsion charge containing a shell with end clamps and a matrix emulsion, characterized in that it contains hollow microspheres with a diameter of not more than 150 microns, while the charge contains components in the following ratios, wt. %: moreover, the matrix emulsion contains components in the following proportions, wt. %: 2. Subversive emulsion charge according to claim 1, characterized in that gas-filled microspheres are used as hollow microspheres.

Description

The utility model relates to blasting equipment in the mining industry and is used for blasting during manual loading on the earth's surface and in the faces of underground workings that are not hazardous in gas or dust, for blasting strong and medium strength rocks of any water cut and flow rate, as well as as intermediate detonators for detonating industrial explosives in all climatic regions of the Russian Federation.

To date, a cartridge for charging waterlogged wells is known, comprising a shell of an elastic waterproof material filled with a granular non-waterproof explosive (BB) and the cartridge is provided with an outer shell of woven polypropylene, both shells sewn together to form a hole with a diameter of 0.5 -2.0 mm, while the length of the cartridge is 3-7 times greater than its diameter [Certificate for utility model RU 21934 of 02/28/2001]. However, the above cartridge is filled with a non-water-resistant explosive. Therefore, its use for wells with running water is possible only on the day of charging due to the loss of explosives due to dissolution.

With the advent of the market of waterproof emulsion explosives of various nomenclatures, several cartridge designs have been developed. So, for example, the design is known [Certificate for utility model RU 26323 from 05/08/2002]. The cartridge for emulsion explosives containing gas-generating additives, including a shell with end clamps and explosives, contains an air chamber located in the shell anywhere along the length of the cartridge.

Experience in production and use has shown that a technically feasible version of this solution is only a design with the presence of free space from the end face of the cartridge to ensure the possibility of "growth" (increase in volume) of emulsion explosives during the gasification process. In this case, air from the end of the shell must be previously removed, otherwise, with the "growth" of the charge, it will inflate or tear the shell.

The closest utility model of the same purpose (prototype) to the claimed utility model for all the features is the RF patent "Cartridge for emulsion explosives" [Utility Model Patent RU 46810 of 02/01/2005]. The above cartridge for emulsion explosives contains gas-generating additives, a shell with end clamps, explosives, granular ammonium nitrate in a gasified inverse (matrix) emulsion, uniformly distributed throughout the cartridge, with the mass of granular ammonium nitrate ranging from 28 to 32% of the total mass emulsion explosives in the cartridge.

However, the prototype cartridges (charges) after storing them for more than 12 months do not transmit detonation among themselves.

When using a gasified matrix emulsion, problems arise in reducing the detonation ability of the prototype during its storage [Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A. Emulsion industrial explosives. 1st book (Compositions and properties), Dzerzhinsk, State Research Institute "Crystal", 2009, p. 173]. Over time, bubble condensation occurs, that is, the growth of larger gas bubbles due to the fusion of small ones.

The size of gas inclusions affects the detonation ability of cartridges. The condensation of gas inclusions that occurs during storage of explosives increases the size of gas bubbles, which leads to a decrease in the detonation ability of explosives.

The technical result of the claimed utility model — the transfer of detonation between two charges to a distance of at least 1.0 cm after 12 months of storage — is achieved by the fact that a subversive emulsion charge containing a shell with end clamps and a matrix emulsion additionally contains hollow microspheres with a diameter of not more than 150 microns , while the charge contains components in the following proportions, wt. %:

hollow microspheres 0.3-5.7; matrix emulsion the rest is up to 100,

moreover, the matrix emulsion contains components in the following proportions, wt. %:

industrial oil 1.5-7.5; emulsifier 3.0-5.0;

aqueous solution of ammonia and sodium

saltpeter the rest is up to 100.

As hollow microspheres, gas-filled microspheres are used.

Hollow microspheres provide a guaranteed size of gas bubbles. Therefore, the proposed utility model provides a more efficient transfer of detonation between charges due to the guaranteed size of gas-filled microspheres. Behind the front of a passing shock wave, the shells of microspheres are destroyed.

Gas bubbles after the destruction of hollow microspheres adiabatically compress. At the same time, they increase pressure and temperature. Thus, compressed microspheres are “hot spots” for initiating a chemical reaction in an emulsion matrix.

The diameter of hollow microspheres of more than 150 μm with the same volumetric content in the matrix emulsion leads to a decrease in the number of “hot spots”, and, consequently, to a deterioration in the detonation transfer between two charges. If the content of hollow microspheres is less than 0.3 wt. %, then the decrease in the number of "hot spots" is significant. When the content of microspheres is more than 5.7 wt. % significantly increases the amount of inert material in the form of its shell. The average value of the microspheres in the charge (0.3 + 5.7) / 2 = 3 wt. % The average content of the matrix emulsion in the charge is 100-3 = 97 wt. %

If the content of industrial oil in the matrix emulsion is less than 1.5 wt. %, an emulsion is not formed; if more than 7.5 wt. %, the cost of the charge increases significantly. And for an emulsifier: if the content is less than 3.0 wt. %, an emulsion is not formed; and if more than 5.0 wt. %, then the cost of the charge increases significantly. The average value of the industrial oil content in the matrix emulsion is (1.5 + 7.5) / 2 = 4.5 wt. %, and in terms of the entire charge will be (97/100) 4.5 = 4.36 wt. % The oxygen balance (KB) of mineral oils (industrial oil) is minus 346 [Pozdnyakov ZP, Rossi BD Handbook of industrial explosives and explosives. Ed. 2, rev. and add. M., Nedra, 1977, p. 20. Table 1, 14th line from the bottom].

The contribution of industrial oil to the proposed design charge is (-346) (4.36 / 100) = - 15.09%.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by the drawings shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Subversive emulsion charge (see Fig. 1) contains a shell (1) with end clamps (2), a matrix emulsion (3, see Fig. 2) and hollow microspheres (4). Glass or polymer gas-filled microspheres are used as hollow microspheres (4). As the shell (1) using a polymer material with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm

The ability to transfer detonation to a distance of subversive emulsion charges was determined by the method of [GOST 14839.15-69. Explosives are industrial. Method for determining the ability to transmit over a distance]. The standard applies to industrial explosives and establishes a method for determining their ability to transmit detonation at a distance between two charges.

The test method is based on the excitation of the detonation of one charge by the explosion of another charge located at a certain distance.

An electric detonator was immersed in one of the charges, which was deepened into the charge along its entire length.

The charges were laid on solid, even ground so that the axis of one charge served as a continuation of the axis of the other. To match the charge axes with a cylindrical rail, the soil was deepened by 2-4 mm.

A template of an appropriate size was placed between the ends of the charges, to which the charges were pressed tightly. Then, without moving the charges, the template was removed. After stacking the charges, a militant charge was blown up and it was noted whether there was a transfer of detonation to the second passive charge.

The transmission of detonation is judged by the presence of a depression in the ground where the passive charge was located and by the absence of residues of unexploded explosive.

A charge is considered to have passed the test if, with three explosions, the detonation transmission from the explosion of the charge (action movie) to another charge is received and if both charges completely explode. To conduct tests to determine the detonation transmission over the distance between charges after they were held in water, the charges were immersed in water to a depth of 1 m from the bottom of the charge and held for 1 hour. The water temperature was equal to 15-20 ° C. The time from the end of the exposure of the charge in water to their detonation did not exceed 30 minutes.

From the table “Comparative experimental data on determining the distance for the detonation transfer between two charges after 12 months of storage”, it can be seen that the prototype does not have knock transmission between two charges, and the proposed disruptive emulsion charge has a detonation transmission between charges of 32 mm in diameter at least 1 , 0 cm, diameter 36 mm - not less than 2.0 cm, diameter 60 mm - not less than 2.5 cm and diameter 90 mm - not less than 3.0 cm

Therefore, the proposed utility model (subversive emulsion charge) provides the claimed technical result - the transfer of detonation between two charges at a distance of at least 1.0 cm after storing them for 12 months.

Depending on the requirements of the consumer, charges can be issued with a diameter of 32 to 90 mm, weighing 0.25 kg to 3 kg.

Claims (2)

1. Subversive emulsion charge containing a shell with end clamps and a matrix emulsion, characterized in that it contains hollow microspheres with a diameter of not more than 150 microns, while the charge contains components in the following ratios, wt. %: hollow microspheres 0.3-5.7 matrix emulsion the rest is up to 100, moreover, the matrix emulsion contains components in the following proportions, wt. %: industrial oil 1,5-7,5 emulsifier 3.0-5.0 aqueous solution of ammonia and sodium nitrate the rest is up to 100 2. Subversive emulsion charge according to claim 1, characterized in that gas-filled microspheres are used as hollow microspheres.

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