NO144349B - PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING STABLE WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS OF WATER SOLUBLE POLYMERISATES - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING STABLE WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS OF WATER SOLUBLE POLYMERISATES Download PDFInfo
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- NO144349B NO144349B NO743635A NO743635A NO144349B NO 144349 B NO144349 B NO 144349B NO 743635 A NO743635 A NO 743635A NO 743635 A NO743635 A NO 743635A NO 144349 B NO144349 B NO 144349B
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- explosives
- nitroparaffins
- water
- sensitized
- polymerisates
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003927 aminopyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZEMODTUZIWTRPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=C(NCC)C=C1 ZEMODTUZIWTRPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 Alkylene imines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUZHDRZOQVECPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound [CH2]CC[N+]([O-])=O JUZHDRZOQVECPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZDGMOYKSFPLSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylaziridine Chemical compound CC1CN1 OZDGMOYKSFPLSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RIOYZBOCMWZUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].C=C.C=C.C=C Chemical compound [P].C=C.C=C.C=C RIOYZBOCMWZUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/32—Polymerisation in water-in-oil emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/52—Amides or imides
- C08F20/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F20/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Description
Nitroparafifnholdige sprengstoffer. Nitroparaffin-containing explosives.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår nitroparaffinholdige sprengstoffer. The present invention relates to explosives containing nitroparaffin.
Sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen er særlig verdifulle til anvendelse i stenbrudd hvor der kreves kraftige sprengstoffer med stor deformasjonshastighet. Videre gjør de gode egenskaper hos sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen dem fordelaktige til anvendelse i bergverksdrift, for militære formål ved opparbeidelse av oljebrønner og til andre formål hvor sprengstoffer anvendes. The explosives according to the invention are particularly valuable for use in quarries where powerful explosives with a high rate of deformation are required. Furthermore, the good properties of the explosives according to the invention make them advantageous for use in mining operations, for military purposes when working up oil wells and for other purposes where explosives are used.
Sprengstoffer som kan håndteres i flytende tilstand er kjent. De er imidlertid beheftet med alvorlige ulemper, særlig ved at de er meget følsomme overfor støt og er tilgjengelig bare i denne meget følsomme tilstand. Videre er fremstillingen av disse kjente sprengstoffer farlig og transport av dem er meget vanskelig og krever den yt-terste forsiktighet. Explosives that can be handled in a liquid state are known. However, they suffer from serious disadvantages, particularly in that they are very sensitive to impact and are available only in this very sensitive state. Furthermore, the production of these known explosives is dangerous and their transport is very difficult and requires the utmost care.
Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse avhjelpes de nevnte ulemper ved de tidli-gere kjente sprengstoffer. By means of the present invention, the aforementioned disadvantages of the previously known explosives are remedied.
Med «sensibilisator» menes i det føl-gende et stoff som gjør sprengstoffer føl-somme. In the following, "sensitizer" means a substance that makes explosives sensitive.
Sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder ett eller flere nitroparaffiner og en sensibilisator som kan tilsettes til nitroparaffinene på det sted hvor sprengstoffet skal anvendes. Det karakteristiske ho-vedtrekk ved oppfinnelsen er at der som sensibilisator anvendes alkyleniminer, arylalkylenaminer, monoethanol-aminer, alkylfosforsyrlingamider, aryldiaminer, aminopyridin, N,N'-diethyl-p-fenylendiamin, hydrazin, hydrazin-forbindelser og alkyl-aryldiaminer, enkeltvis eller i form av blan- The explosives according to the invention contain one or more nitroparaffins and a sensitizer which can be added to the nitroparaffins at the place where the explosive is to be used. The characteristic main feature of the invention is that alkylenimines, arylalkyleneamines, monoethanolamines, alkylphosphorus syllingamides, aryldiamines, aminopyridine, N,N'-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, hydrazine, hydrazine compounds and alkyl-aryldiamines are used as sensitizers, individually or in the form of mix-
dinger av to eller flere av disse forbindelser. things of two or more of these compounds.
I det følgende illustreres oppfinnelsen ved hjelp av et utførelseseksempel. In the following, the invention is illustrated by means of an exemplary embodiment.
Eksempel: Example:
Kvalitative prøvninger av sensitiverte nitroparaffiner. Qualitative tests of sensitized people nitroparaffins.
De følgende forsøk ble utført under anvendelse av sensitivert nitromethan. Ut-lutningene ble utført ved hyppig å ryste blandinger som besto av omtrent like store volumdeler av oppløsninger av sensibilisatorene i nitromethan og vann eller van-dige natriumkloridoppløsninger. De van-dige natriumkloridoppløsninger ble frem-stillet slik at de lignet sjøvann. Etter hyppig rystning i de tidsrom som er angitt i tabellen i det følgende, lot man blandin-gene henstå så at der dannet seg to skikt. De nitromethanholdige skikt ble undersøkt på detonasjonsegenskaper. The following experiments were carried out using sensitized nitromethane. The leachings were carried out by frequently shaking mixtures consisting of approximately equal parts by volume of solutions of the sensitizers in nitromethane and water or aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The aqueous sodium chloride solutions were prepared so that they resembled seawater. After frequent shaking for the periods indicated in the table below, the mixtures were allowed to stand so that two layers formed. The nitromethane-containing layers were examined for detonation properties.
Der ble herved anvendt to detonasjons-metoder. I metode nr. 1 ble 15 ml prøver av oppløsninger av sensibilisert nitromethan anbragt i 20 x 150 mm reagensglass av Pyrexglass. Reagensrørene ble så anbragt bak sikkerhetsskj ermer og detonert med en fenghette nr. 6 eller nr. 8 eller med en Two detonation methods were used here. In method no. 1, 15 ml samples of solutions of sensitized nitromethane were placed in 20 x 150 mm test tubes made of Pyrex glass. The test tubes were then placed behind safety screens and detonated with a No. 6 or No. 8 trap cap or with a
«Chestnut Booster» (i det følgende beteg-net C.B.). En «Chestnut Booster» er en "Chestnut Booster" (hereinafter referred to as C.B.). A "Chestnut Booster" is one
elektrisk fenghette forsynt med to stykker detonerende lunte, med lengde 5 eller 7,5 cm, som f. eks. av merket «Primacord» som fabrikeres av Ensign-Brickford. Disse to electric catch cap fitted with two pieces of detonating fuse, with a length of 5 or 7.5 cm, such as e.g. of the "Primacord" brand manufactured by Ensign-Brickford. These two
stykker lunte var ved klebebånd festet til fenghettens sider. Endene av de to stykker detonerende lunter som rager frem fra fenghettens ende, ble avskåret i en vinkel på ca. 30° med luntens lengdeakse. Snitt-flatene ble derpå holdt i kontakt med hverandre ved hjelp av klebebånd. Ved detonasjonen frembringer forbindelsesflaten mellom de to lunter et meget sterkt sjokk. Anvendelse av initiatorer («boosters») av denne type er i noen tilfelle nødvendig når ladningen av sensitivert nitroparaffin ikke er strengt begrenset. pieces of fuse were attached to the sides of the fang cap by adhesive tape. The ends of the two pieces of detonating fuses protruding from the end of the fang cap were cut off at an angle of approx. 30° with the fuse's longitudinal axis. The cut surfaces were then kept in contact with each other using adhesive tape. Upon detonation, the contact surface between the two fuses produces a very strong shock. The use of initiators ("boosters") of this type is in some cases necessary when the charge of sensitized nitroparaffin is not strictly limited.
I detoneringsmetode nr. 2 ble prøver på 15 ml av oppløsninger av sensitivert nitromethan anbragt i Pyrexglass-reagensglass med dimensjon 20 x 150 mm. Reagensrø-rene ble anbragt i et stykke stålrør hvis innvendige diameter nettopp var tilstrek-kelig til at det kunne oppta reagensrørene. Reagensrørene inneholdende det sensibiliserte nitromethan ble så anbragt bak en sikkerhetsskjerm og detonert med fenghetter eller med en C.B. In detonation method no. 2, samples of 15 ml of solutions of sensitized nitromethane were placed in Pyrex glass test tubes with dimensions 20 x 150 mm. The test tubes were placed in a piece of steel tube whose internal diameter was just sufficient to accommodate the test tubes. The test tubes containing the sensitized nitromethane were then placed behind a safety screen and detonated with trap caps or with a C.B.
Resultatet av disse kvalitative prøv-ninger er oppført i tabellen i det følgende. The results of these qualitative tests are listed in the table below.
Foruten de forbindelser som er angitt i ovenstående tabell, er det funnet at følgende forbindelser er fordelaktige sensibilisatorer, anvendt hver for seg eller i blanding: In addition to the compounds listed in the above table, the following compounds have been found to be beneficial sensitizers, used individually or in admixture:
Alkyleniminer, som Alkylene imines, which
propylenimin propylene imine
Monoarylalkylenaminer, som 1- amino-2-fenylethan p-tolylendiamin p-methylen-diaminobenzen Monoarylalkyleneamines, such as 1-amino-2-phenylethane p-tolylenediamine p-methylenediaminobenzene
Alkylfosforamider, som triethylenfosfortriamid N,N-dimethylfosfortriamid Alkyl phosphoramides, such as triethylene phosphor triamide N,N-dimethyl phosphor triamide
Aryldiaminer, som Aryldiamines, which
0- diaminobenzen 1.2- diaminof thaien p-diaminobenzen 9,10-diaminoanthracen 0-diaminobenzene 1.2-diaminophthalene p-diaminobenzene 9,10-diaminoanthracene
Aminopyridiner, som Aminopyridines, which
2- aminopyridin 2,4,6-triaminpyridin 2-aminopyridine 2,4,6-triaminepyridine
Alkyldiaminobenzener, som 1- ethyl-2,4-diaminobenzen N,N-dimethyl-l,3-diaminobenzen N-propyl-o-fenylendiamin Alkyldiaminobenzenes, such as 1-ethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene N-propyl-o-phenylenediamine
Hydrazin-forbindelser, som N-N'-dimethylhydrazin propylhydrazin N,N,N'-triethylhydrazin N,N'-difenylhydrazin N-fenyl-N-methylhydrazin benzylhydrazin Hydrazine compounds, such as N-N'-dimethylhydrazine propylhydrazine N,N,N'-triethylhydrazine N,N'-diphenylhydrazine N-phenyl-N-methylhydrazine benzylhydrazine
Blant de nitroparaffiner som er funnet å være fordelaktige til anvendelse i sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen, hver for seg eller i blandinger med hverandre, er føl-gende : mononitromethan 1- eller 2-nitropropan symmetrisk dinitroethan 1.3- dinitropropan 1,1,3 -trinitrobutan nitroethan 1,1,2-trinitroethan Among the nitroparaffins which have been found to be advantageous for use in the explosives according to the invention, individually or in mixtures with each other, are the following: mononitromethane 1- or 2-nitropropane symmetrical dinitroethane 1,3-dinitropropane 1,1,3-trinitrobutane nitroethane 1,1,2-trinitroethane
De nitroparaffiner som anvendes i sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen, bør fortrinnsvis ha en liten negativ oxygen-balanse. Når blandinger av nitroparaffiner anvendes, er av denne grunn nødvendig å velge nitroparaffinene og mengdeforhol-dene av disse slik at blandingen har en liten negativ oxygen-balanse. The nitroparaffins used in the explosives according to the invention should preferably have a small negative oxygen balance. When mixtures of nitroparaffins are used, it is therefore necessary to choose the nitroparaffins and their proportions so that the mixture has a small negative oxygen balance.
Den nitroparaffin som fortrinnsvis anvendes er mononitromethan, fordi denne forbindelse har en oxygen-balanse som gjør den relativt sikker å behandle i ikke sensibilisert tilstand, har et lavt frysepunkt, kan lagres uten risiko og i sensibilisert tilstand kan detoneres med fenghetter av standard typen. The nitroparaffin that is preferably used is mononitromethane, because this compound has an oxygen balance that makes it relatively safe to treat in a non-sensitized state, has a low freezing point, can be stored without risk and in a sensitized state can be detonated with trap caps of the standard type.
Sensibilisatorene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anvendes i konsentrasjoner fra 0,5 til 20 vektprosent, beregnet på vekten av opp- • løsningen av sensibilisatoren og nitropa-raffinet. Fortrinnsvis er sensilibilisatoren tilstede i et mengdeforhold fra 2 til 10 vektprosent, beregnet på vekten av opp-løsningen av sensibilisator og nitroparaffin. Anvendelse av store mengder sensibilisator virker i retning av å minske nitroparaffine-nes sprengkraft. The sensitizers according to the invention can be used in concentrations from 0.5 to 20 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of the solution of the sensitizer and the nitroparaffin. Preferably, the sensitizer is present in a quantity ratio of from 2 to 10 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of the solution of sensitizer and nitroparaffin. The use of large amounts of sensitizer works in the direction of reducing the explosive power of nitroparaffins.
Fortrinnsvis lagres, behandles og tran-sporteres sensibilisatorene og nitroparaffinene i adskilte beholdere, idet de blandes på det tidspunkt og på det sted hvor de skal anvendes. Herved skaffes der en meget sikker metode til å arbeide med meget kraftige sprengstoffer. Ikke sensibiliserte nitroparaffiner kan nemlig behandles uten risiko, bare med de forsiktighetsregler som normalt anvendes ved behandling av brennbare væsker. Sensibilisatorene i seg selv krever ikke noen forsiktig behandling i høyere grad enn nitroparaffinene. Preferably, the sensitizers and nitroparaffins are stored, processed and transported in separate containers, being mixed at the time and place where they are to be used. This provides a very safe method for working with very powerful explosives. Non-sensitized nitroparaffins can be treated without risk, just with the precautions that are normally used when treating flammable liquids. The sensitizers themselves do not require any more careful treatment than the nitroparaffins.
Nitroparaffinene kan imidlertid, om så ønskes, sensibiliseres før lagring og transport. Da nitroparaffiner sensibilisert på However, the nitroparaffins can, if desired, be sensitized before storage and transport. Then nitroparaffins sensitized on
denne måte er meget stabile overfor støt, this way is very stable against shocks,
idet det er praktisk talt umulig å bringe dem til detonasjon uten anvendelse av initiatorer som elektriske fenghetter, kan de behandles og lagres uten risiko når de forsiktighetsregler som normalt anvendes i forbindelse med sprengstoffer iakttas. as it is practically impossible to bring them to detonation without the use of initiators such as electric fuze caps, they can be handled and stored without risk when the precautions normally used in connection with explosives are observed.
Sensibilisatorene og nitroparaffinene kan blandes på en hvilken som helst ønsket måte. Det er åpenbart at anvendelse av apparatur som kan frembringe gnister bør unngås og at materialene bør holdes i kold tilstand før, under og etter blandingen. The sensitizers and nitroparaffins can be mixed in any desired manner. It is obvious that the use of equipment that can produce sparks should be avoided and that the materials should be kept in a cold state before, during and after mixing.
Sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan inneholde forskjellige fyllstoffer som kan tilsettes før eller etter sensibiliseringen. Blant slike fyllstoffer er sagmugg, pulveri-sert kull eller kjønrøk, stivelse og andre fyllstoffer som i og for seg er vel kjente. The explosives according to the invention can contain different fillers which can be added before or after the sensitization. Among such fillers are sawdust, pulverized coal or carbon black, starch and other fillers which are well known in and of themselves.
Da nitroparaffinene og sensibilisatorene alene eller i blanding med hverandre har meget lave frysepunkter, er sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen særlig vel eg-net til anvendelse ved arbeide ved lave temperaturer og i tilfelle hvor materialene må være på ikke oppvarmede steder. Hvis sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen skulle være frosset, kan de tøes opp med meget liten risiko for utilsiktede eksplosjoner. Det foretrekkes ikke å overhete hverken de sensibiliserte nitroparaffiner eller sensibilisatorene og nitroparaffinene i adskilt tilstand, men det er mulig å lagre sensibiliserte eller ikke sensibiliserte produkter ved temperaturer opp til 49° C i ubegrensede tidsrom uten skadelige virkninger. As the nitroparaffins and sensitizers alone or in mixture with each other have very low freezing points, the explosives according to the invention are particularly well suited for use when working at low temperatures and in cases where the materials must be in unheated places. If the explosives according to the invention should be frozen, they can be thawed with very little risk of accidental explosions. It is preferred not to overheat either the sensitized nitroparaffins or the sensitizers and nitroparaffins in a separate state, but it is possible to store sensitized or non-sensitized products at temperatures up to 49° C for unlimited periods of time without harmful effects.
Detonasjonen av sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan utføres med en hvilken som helst initiator, som f. eks. elektriske fenghetter eller en «Chestnut Booster». Om så ønskes, kan der anvendes flere initiatorer. Ved anvendelsen av store ladninger kan der som initiator anvendes en liten ladning av et annet sprengstoff som f. eks. dynamitt. The detonation of the explosives according to the invention can be carried out with any initiator, such as e.g. electric fang caps or a "Chestnut Booster". If desired, several initiators can be used. When using large charges, a small charge of another explosive such as e.g. dynamite.
Sprengstoffer ifølge oppfinnelsen kan bringes til detonasjon ved en hvilken som helst temperatur mellom sprengstoffets frysepunkt og kokepunkt. Detonasjonen kan utføres mens sprengstoffet holdes under et hvilket som helst ønsket trykk. Explosives according to the invention can be detonated at any temperature between the explosive's freezing point and boiling point. The detonation can be carried out while the explosive is held under any desired pressure.
De sensibiliserte nitroparaffiner ifølge oppfinnelsen kan emballeres i konvensjo-nelle beholdere av metall, plastmateriale, tre, papir osv. Når ladningen skal anbringes i hull som er utboret i massivt fjell som granitt, kan de flytende, sensibiliserte nitroparaffiner helles direkte i borehullet uten anvendelse av beholdere. Sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også forpak-kes i beholdere som tjener som lagrings-beholdere, såvel som til å holde ladningen på plass på anvendelsesstedet. The sensitized nitroparaffins according to the invention can be packaged in conventional containers made of metal, plastic material, wood, paper, etc. When the charge is to be placed in holes drilled in solid rock such as granite, the liquid, sensitized nitroparaffins can be poured directly into the borehole without the use of containers. The explosives according to the invention can also be packaged in containers that serve as storage containers, as well as to keep the charge in place at the point of use.
Når sprengstoffene ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes i oljebrønner for å sprenge olje-holdige formasjoner, er det nødvendig å anvende sensibilisatorer som ikke utlutes eller på noen måte inaktiveres av det van-dige miljø som i noen tilfelle er tilstede i oljebrønner. When the explosives according to the invention are used in oil wells to blow up oil-containing formations, it is necessary to use sensitizers which are not leached or in any way inactivated by the aqueous environment which in some cases is present in oil wells.
Vann eller fuktighet kommer ofte i kontakt med sprengstoffer under lagring eller like før anvendelsen i mange tilfelle. Det er derfor ønskelig å ha tilgjengelig sensibilisatorer som ikke inaktiveres av vann. Selv om de i noen grad er oppløselige i vann utlutes ikke sensibilisatorer bestående av benzylamin, 2,4-toluendiamin og 2,6-di-aminopyridin fra nitroparaffiner, heller ikke inaktiveres de ved vannets innvirkning. Nitroparaffiner som er sensibilisert med disse stoffer kan helles gjennom vann og lar seg fremdeles detonere. Følgelig foretrekkes det å anvende slike sensibilisatorer når ladningen kan utsettes for vannets innvirkning. Water or moisture often comes into contact with explosives during storage or just before use in many cases. It is therefore desirable to have sensitizers available that are not inactivated by water. Although they are to some extent soluble in water, sensitizers consisting of benzylamine, 2,4-toluenediamine and 2,6-di-aminopyridine are not leached from nitroparaffins, nor are they inactivated by the influence of water. Nitroparaffins sensitized with these substances can be poured through water and still detonate. Consequently, it is preferred to use such sensitizers when the charge can be exposed to the influence of water.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2354006A DE2354006B2 (en) | 1973-10-27 | 1973-10-27 | Process for the production of stable water-in-oil emulsions from water-soluble polymers |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO743635L NO743635L (en) | 1975-05-26 |
| NO144349B true NO144349B (en) | 1981-05-04 |
| NO144349C NO144349C (en) | 1981-08-12 |
Family
ID=5896660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO743635A NO144349C (en) | 1973-10-27 | 1974-10-09 | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING STABLE WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS OF WATER SOLUBLE POLYMERISATES |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5074689A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT336273B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE821480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1037899A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH613215A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2354006B2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES431369A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI58780C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2249095B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1478987A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1021934B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7413944A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO144349C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE410464B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2507606B1 (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1985-11-15 | Hoechst France | NEW STABLE DISPERSIONS, WATER IN OIL OF WATER-SOLUBLE CATIONIC POLYMERS BASED ON SALIFIED OR QUATERNIZED DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ACRYLATE, THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND THEIR APPLICATION AS FLOCCULANTS |
| DE3207113A1 (en) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A W / OE EMULSION OF A WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER |
| FR2524895A1 (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1983-10-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CONTINUOUS OILY MICROLATEX BY MICRO-EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF THE WATER TYPE IN OIL OF A WATER SOLUBLE MONOMER, MICROLATEX OBTAINED AND THEIR USE IN ASSISTED OIL RECOVERY |
| NO165879C (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1991-04-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AN INVERSE, STABLE MICROLATEKS. |
| FR2640956B1 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-09-13 | Norsolor Sa | |
| US20100234484A1 (en) | 2006-07-04 | 2010-09-16 | Carsten Schellenberg | Water based concentrated product forms of photoinitiators made by a heterophase polymerization technique |
| US8257787B2 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2012-09-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of using a carrier sheet in a continuous high internal phase emulsion foam forming process |
| CA2919320C (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2019-02-26 | Basf Se | Reverse-phase polymerisation process |
| US11041037B2 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2021-06-22 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Ultra violet assisted photo initiated free radical polymerization |
| CN114989350B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-09-05 | 安徽天润化学工业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing polyacrylamide nano microsphere by photoinitiation |
-
1973
- 1973-10-27 DE DE2354006A patent/DE2354006B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1974
- 1974-10-09 NO NO743635A patent/NO144349C/en unknown
- 1974-10-22 GB GB45600/74A patent/GB1478987A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-24 NL NL7413944A patent/NL7413944A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-10-24 SE SE7413410A patent/SE410464B/en unknown
- 1974-10-24 FI FI3118/74A patent/FI58780C/en active
- 1974-10-25 FR FR7435879A patent/FR2249095B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-10-25 BE BE149877A patent/BE821480A/en unknown
- 1974-10-25 JP JP49122632A patent/JPS5074689A/ja active Pending
- 1974-10-25 CA CA212,276A patent/CA1037899A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-25 ES ES431369A patent/ES431369A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-25 IT IT53733/74A patent/IT1021934B/en active
- 1974-10-25 AT AT860274A patent/AT336273B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-10-25 CH CH1435674A patent/CH613215A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7413410L (en) | 1975-04-28 |
| GB1478987A (en) | 1977-07-06 |
| FR2249095A1 (en) | 1975-05-23 |
| NL7413944A (en) | 1975-04-29 |
| FI58780B (en) | 1980-12-31 |
| BE821480A (en) | 1975-04-25 |
| NO743635L (en) | 1975-05-26 |
| AT336273B (en) | 1977-04-25 |
| FR2249095B1 (en) | 1978-04-28 |
| CA1037899A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
| FI311874A (en) | 1975-04-28 |
| SE410464B (en) | 1979-10-15 |
| ATA860274A (en) | 1976-08-15 |
| JPS5074689A (en) | 1975-06-19 |
| ES431369A1 (en) | 1976-11-01 |
| FI58780C (en) | 1981-04-10 |
| IT1021934B (en) | 1978-02-20 |
| CH613215A5 (en) | 1979-09-14 |
| DE2354006B2 (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| DE2354006A1 (en) | 1975-05-07 |
| NO144349C (en) | 1981-08-12 |
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