RU2537485C2 - Water-containing explosive composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of production of hydrogen-containing industrial explosive substances based on thickened water solution of fuel and oxidants, sensitised with explosive materials. Water-containing explosive composition contains balanced water solution of fuel and oxidants from ammonia nitrate, sodium nitrate and carbamide, thickened by polyacrylamide with application of ammonium sulphate as structurising additive. As sensibiliser, explosive composition contains multi-channel pyroxylin gunpowders with width of burning arch 0.7-1.5 mm or mixture of said powders with scaled trotyl with content of powder in composition 20-45 wt % with the following component ratio, wt %: sensibiliser 25.0-65.0 sodium nitrate 5.0-8.0, carbamide 4.0-6.0 water 9.0-12.0, polycarbamide 0.5-1.5, aluminium sulphate 0.02-0.3, ammonium nitrate - the remaining part. Claimed composition ensures sufficient sensitivity to detonation impulse in its initiation with stable detonation from DC, ED and NIS in thin polymeric envelope with layer width from 20 mm and more.

EFFECT: composition has increased work ability (2,5-3 times higher in comparison with applied ammonite No 6GW), is water proof, meets sanitary requirements and ecological safety in carrying out explosive works.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of water-containing industrial explosives based on a thickened aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizing agents sensitized by explosive materials.

Known aqueous explosive composition (RF patent No. 2026272), including (wt.%): Crushed ballistic powder 15-20, ammonium nitrate 45-60, water 9-13, thickener 0.5-2, crosslinking agent 0.05-0 , 1, the rest is pyroxylin powder.

As a thickener in this composition, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylamide is used, and as a cross-linking agent, potassium dichromate or alum chrome-potassium or ferric sulfate.

The disadvantage of this composition is the sanitary and environmental hazard of explosion products, grinding of the sensitizer and the lack of stability of the detonation characteristics during storage.

Closest to the proposed is a water-containing explosive composition (application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2008146037, publ. 05.27.2010), including explosives, crushed to particle sizes 0.05-3.0 mm: ballistic solid rocket fuel or pyroxylin, or ballistic artillery gunpowder, or phlegmatized RDX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX with aluminum, or RDX with TNT, or RDX with TNT and aluminum, or TNT, or a mixture thereof in any ratio of 2.0-60.0%, water-soluble metal nitrate salts or a mixture thereof 6.0-2.0% (sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, or calcium nitrate, or a mixture thereof), organic fuel 15-5.0% (mineral oil or paraffins, or seven thereof), thickener 0, 3-1.0% (polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose salts or guar flour), crosslinking agent 0.05-0.01% (aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate), physical stability stabilizer 0.05-0.1% (derivatives of alkyl polyethylene ethers isotridecyl alcohol, or mono- and dialkylphenyl hydroxypolyethylene glycol ethers, or polyoxyethylated ethers moat fatty alcohols), water 12,0-9,0% ammonium nitrate rest.

The disadvantage of this composition is the use as a sensitizer of crushed explosive materials. The technological operation of grinding explosive materials is dangerous, low productivity, requiring large material costs. The studies revealed a reduced sensitivity of the composition to the detonation pulse, the decay of detonation in the charge (detonation combustion does not turn into detonation).

The objective of the present invention is to increase the sensitivity of a water-containing explosive composition to a detonation pulse when it is initiated from any industrial means of initiation: CD (detonator caps), ED (electric detonators), NSI (non-electric initiation systems), DS (detonating cords), eliminating the use of an additional detonator stabilization of detonation and physico-mechanical characteristics of the composition, while ensuring the safety of its production and use.

The problem is solved in that the water-containing explosive composition, including pyroxylin gunpowder or their mixture with TNT as a sensitizer, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, polyacrylamide, aluminum sulfate and water, according to the invention as a sensitizer includes multi-channel pyroxylin powder with a burning thickness of 0.7-1.5 mm or their mixture with flaky trotyl with a powder content of 20-45 wt.%, In the following ratio, wt.%:

Sensitizer 25.0-65.0 Sodium Nitrate 5.0-8.0 Urea 4.0-6.0 Water 9.0-12.0 Polyacrylamide 0.5-1.5 Aluminum sulphate 0.02-0.3 Ammonium nitrate Rest

The technical result achieved by the proposed invention is to increase the initiating ability of the powder elements by encapsulating air in them. The technical result is achieved by using a certain amount of particles of a solid component (multichannel pyroxylin gunpowder) of a sensitizer in the composition of a water-containing explosive, expressed as a percentage of the amount of sensitizer in the composition of the explosive and the required volume of a balanced aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizing agents, thickened with polyacrylamide, expressed as a percentage, in explosive composition. The kinematic viscosity of the thickened aqueous solution, determined according to GOST 33-2000, is in the range of 80-190 cm ² / s. Due to the high viscosity of the thickened solution, air is encapsulated in the channels of the powder elements of multichannel pyroxylin powders, which initiates detonation. At the same time, intense air shock waves initially arise both in the channels of the powder elements and between the powder elements of the sensitizer, propagating between the powder elements of the sensitizer at a speed significantly exceeding (by 20-50%) the speed of the detonation wave of an individual powder element, these waves initiate detonation of the following powder elements of the sensitizer before the arrival of the detonation wave front moving along the previous element, as a result, the initiating ability of the ovyh elements. In this case, the detonation wave propagates not in a solid front, but in separate powder elements, i.e. a pulsating detonation mode is established in the charge at a speed of 20-50% greater than the speed of detonation of the powder element of the sensitizer, which contributes to a longer pressure maintenance and a useful increase in the burst impulse in the environment of a thickened aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizing agents.

Explosive compositions containing multichannel pyroxylin gunpowder are known. For example, a powder explosive composition (RU 2122990 C1, publ. 10.12.1998) contains smokeless powder, for example granular pyroxylin or ground pyroxylin powder, as well as a sensitizer in the form of a 45-65% aqueous or water-glycol solution of an inorganic oxidizing agent or its mixture with trotyl in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 10, while the incoming components are taken in the following ratio, mass%: smokeless powder - 70-98, sensitizer - 30-2. However, to ensure the sensitization of this composition, the natural porosity of the powder elements is used. The kinematic viscosity of an aqueous or water-glycol solution of an inorganic oxidizer or its mixture with TNT was determined experimentally in accordance with GOST 33-2000 (1.0-9.0 cm ² / s), which is 10-200 times lower than the kinematic viscosity of the thickened solution in the proposed composition. Such a low viscosity ensures that the channels of the powder elements are filled with the indicated oxidizing solution and air is displaced from them, which leads to a loss of susceptibility to the detonation pulse upon initiation from ED, CD, NSI, DS, these compositions are initiated only from an intermediate detonator.

Another well-known powder explosive composition (RU 2130446 C1, publ. 05.20.1999) contains pyroxylin powder, for example, including in the form of multichannel grains, in the amount of 80.0-96.5, water - 0.5-3.8, inorganic oxidizing agent - 1.5-19.0 and mineral oil, or coal, or a mixture thereof - 0.5-2.5 wt.%. But in its manufacture, the pyroxylin gunpowder is first moistened to equilibrium saturation with water, and then it is mixed with an oxidizing agent and oil. As a result, the channels of multichannel pyroxylin gunpowder are filled with water until air is displaced from them, which leads to a loss of susceptibility to the detonation pulse upon initiation from ED, CD, NSI, DS, these compositions are initiated only from an intermediate detonator.

The proposed aqueous explosive composition is made as follows. A thickened aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizer is prepared separately. Samples of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, polyacrylamide are loaded into a measured amount of water with constant heating and stirring and kept until completely dissolved. The resulting thickened aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizing agents is poured into a container. The sensitizer is loaded and mixed in a separate technological tank; for this, weighed portions of the required amount of sensitizer, ammonium nitrate are introduced into a measured amount of a thickened aqueous solution of oxidizing agents and fuel and mixed. A crosslinking agent is introduced in the last manufacturing step.

The table shows examples of formulations of water-containing explosive composition and their detonation properties.

The tests carried out to determine the detonation characteristics of the water-containing explosive composition revealed the dependence of the detonation parameters on the size of the powder elements included in it. The experimental data shown in the table confirm the lack of susceptibility to detonation impulses from CD, ED, NSI composition with a ground sensitizer and compositions with single-channel pyroxylin powders 4/1 and 6/1 with a burning roof thickness of less than 0.7 mm.

A balanced aqueous solution of fuel and oxidizing agent, thickened with polyacrylamide using multichannel pyroxylin gunpowder as a sensitizer provides stable sensitivity to detonation impulses, stably detonates from CDs, electric detonators and non-electric initiation systems to obtain stable maximum values of the detonation characteristics of the composition.

The tests performed showed the stable operation of a water-containing explosive composition when it contained multichannel pyroxylin gunpowders of grades 9 / 7-14 / 7 from 25 to 65 wt.% From ED-8 type detonators and non-electric initiation systems with a detonation speed of V = 6.2-6 , 8 km / s.

The proposed composition provides sufficient sensitivity to the detonation pulse when it is initiated with stable detonation from CD, ED, and NSI in a thin polymer shell with a layer thickness of 20 mm or more. This composition has increased performance (2.5-3 times compared with the used ammonite No. 6ZHV), waterproof, meets the requirements of sanitary and environmental safety during blasting.

When a mixture of multichannel pyroxylin powders with trotyl flaked with a powder content of 20 to 45 wt% was introduced into the composition as a sensitizer, the detonation parameters remained stable.

The use of sodium nitrate in the composition increases its frost resistance and reduces the amount of harmful gases in the explosion products.

The use of polyacrylamide as a thickener, and aluminum sulfate as a crosslinking agent, provides the adjustment of the rheological characteristics of the thickened aqueous solution and ensures the maintenance of a consistently high detonation ability of the composition during long-term storage;

Table COMPONENTS CONTENT OF SENSITIZER COMPONENTS, MAC.% one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen Gunpowder 4/1 with t = 0.4 mm pyroxylin 35% 45% 60% 25% 45% Gunpowder 6/1 with t = 0.6 mm pyroxylin 35% 60% Gunpowder 9/7 with t = 0.7 mm pyroxylin 25% 60% twenty% 45% Gunpowder 14/7 with t = 1.4 mm powdered pyroxylin 35% fifty% 25% 45% TNT scaled thirty% fifteen% thirty% fifteen% thirty% fifteen% EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION, MASS.% Sensitizer 35 45 60 35 60 25 60 35 fifty fifty 60 55 60 55 60 Sodium Nitrate 5 6 7 8 6 8 5 5 8 four 6 5 8 8 7 Urea four 6 5 6 four 6 four 5 6 5 four 6 four 5 6 Water 10 9 12 eleven 9 12 9 eleven 9 10 12 12 9 9 12 Polyacrylamide 1,5 0.8 0.6 0.9 1,0 1,0 0.5 0.9 1,5 1.4 0.5 1,2 0.6 1,5 0.8 Aluminum sulphate 0.04 0.09 0.2 0.1 0.06 0.2 0,07 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.06 0.2 Ammonium nitrate 44.46 33.11 15,2 39 19.94 47.8 21.43 42.9 25.45 29.5 17.42 20.5 18.32 21.44 fourteen Detonation from ED-8 in a polymer shell with t cr = 20 mm (critical thickness of the detonation layer) renouncement renouncement renouncement renouncement renouncement detonation detonation renouncement renouncement detonation detonation renouncement renouncement renouncement renouncement

Claims (1)

A water-containing explosive composition, including pyroxylin gunpowder or their mixture with TNT as a sensitizer, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, carbamide, polyacrylamide, aluminum sulfate and water, characterized in that as a sensitizer includes multi-channel pyroxylin gunpowder with a burning thickness of 0.7- 1.5 mm or their mixture with flaky trotyl with a powder content of 20-45 wt.%, With the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Sensitizer 25.0-65.0 Sodium Nitrate 5.0-8.0 Urea 4.0-6.0 Water 9.0-12.0 Polyacrylamide 0.5-1.5 Aluminum sulphate 0.02-0.3 Ammonium nitrate rest