RU2278099C1 - Explosive composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry; production of blasting explosives.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of chemical industry, in particular, to production of the blasting explosives and may be used in the ammunition and the devices combining the shock and light action. The invention presents the explosive composition of the shock and light action, which contains octogen or hexogen in the form of granules from 100 up to 1250 micron size as a blasting explosive, aluminum or a magnesium or the aluminum-magnesium alloy as the metallic fuel, the pyrotechnical mixture of the inorganic oxidizing agent and the metallic fuel in the form of granules of 50 up to 2500 microns size, the fuel-binding in the form of the coating on the blasting explosive granules and the mixture of the inorganic oxidizing agent and the metallic fuel. As the inorganic oxidizing agent the composition contains perchlorate or potassium nitrate, either barium nitrate, or cesium nitrate or strontium nitrate, or their mixture. As the fuel binding use ceresin or stearin, or paint oil, or oxizin, or phenol-formaldehyde resin, or butadiene- nitrile, either silicon, or fluoroelastomers, either fluoroplastic, or the mineral oil, or their mixture. The purpose of the invention is creation of the explosive composition ensuring the heightened values of intensity with a capability to adjust the duration and the maximum intensity of the flashes at keeping the sufficient level of the shock action.

EFFECT: the invention ensures creation the explosive composition with the heightened values of intensity of the flashes at keeping the sufficient level of the shock action.

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Description

The present invention relates to explosives and can be used in ammunition and devices that combine impact and light action.

It is known that electrical discharges, a nuclear explosion, and lightning flashes are sources of powerful light fluxes. To protect instruments and equipment from intense light fluxes, various types of materials and protective devices are being developed. To study the protective properties of such materials and devices, there is a need to create means for their certification. Such means should provide a given intensity and duration of light fluxes and the ability to control the ratio of the intensity and duration of light pulses.

Known light bomb, US patent 2775938 from 1.1.1957, in which metal powders are used as a light source: aluminum, magnesium or iron, coated with a sodium film. The use of burning metal particles as a light source ensures the formation of intense light fluxes, with a time reaching 100 ms, and a relatively low power level. The main disadvantage of this device is the inability to control over a wide range of combinations of the duration and power of the light flux. In the book of A.A.Shidlovsky “Fundamentals of Pyrotechnics” M., Mechanical Engineering, 1964, p. 195, a recipe for the standard pyrotechnic mixture (PS) used in ammunition in the US Army to create intense light fluxes is given:

Aluminum - 40% Barium nitrate - thirty% Potassium perchlorate - thirty%.

The use of inorganic oxidizing agents in addition to the metal powders used in the device in accordance with US Pat. No. 2,775,938 does not substantially alter the overall flash duration and maximum time. The total duration of flashes of compositions of mixtures of metals with the listed inorganic oxidizing agents remains at the level of 100 ms. The time to reach the maximum radiation, as in the explosion of metal powders, is tens of milliseconds. The impact of this pyrotechnic composition is practically absent.

It is known to use mixtures of individual explosives (BB), such as TNT, RDX, HMX with inorganic oxidizing agents: ammonium nitrate and perchlorate or sodium nitrate as industrial explosives. They are widely represented in the patent literature on industrial explosives, for example, M.A. Cook, “The Science of Industrial Explosives.” M., Nedra, 1980.

With a satisfactory impact on the duration and intensity of the glow, the listed explosive compositions are many times inferior to metal powders and mixtures of metal powders with inorganic oxidizing agents. The duration of the outbreak accompanying the detonation of individual explosives and their mixtures with inorganic oxidizing agents does not exceed 10-30 μs.

The closest technical solution for the combination of components is an explosive composition for wells according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2190586 dated 12.25.2001. According to the invention, the heat-resistant explosive composition contains as a fuel powder aluminum in an amount of 10-35% and graphite in an amount of 1-8% in as a phlegmatizer, as an explosive - octogen in an amount of 10-35%, the rest is an oxidizing agent of potassium perchlorate (PCC). The specified explosive composition is designed to work in wells and has a satisfactory shock effect. The use of this composition for ammunition that combines impact and light action is impossible, since it has an insignificant glow duration not exceeding 50 μs and a low flash intensity due to the uniform structure of the explosive composition and the combustion of its ingredients on the detonation front and in close proximity to it.

The objective of the present invention is to develop an explosive composition that provides increased intensity values and the ability to control the duration and time to reach the maximum of light flashes with a sufficient level of impact.

The problem is solved in that the composition containing the explosive, inorganic oxidizing agent and metallic fuel contains octogen or hexogen in the form of granules as an explosive, a pyrotechnic mixture of an inorganic oxidizing agent and metallic fuel in the form of granules, and additionally contains a fuel-binding agent in the form of a coating on granules of an explosive and a mixture of an inorganic oxidizing agent and metallic fuel with the following content of components (in% by weight):

Inorganic oxidizing agent 10-40 Metal fuel 20-40 Combustible binder 0.5-12 Octogen or RDX rest

As inorganic oxidizing agents, the explosive composition contains perchlorate or potassium nitrate, or barium nitrate, or cesium or strontium nitrates, or a mixture thereof. As a metal combustible composition contains aluminum or magnesium or aluminum-magnesium alloy.

As a combustible binder, it contains ceresin or stearin, or drying oil, or oxyzine, or phenol-formaldehyde resin, or butadiene nitrile, or silicone, or fluororubber, or fluoroplastics, or mineral oil, or combinations of these substances.

The granule size of HMX or RDX is from 100 to 1250 microns, and the granules of the pyrotechnic composition are from 50 to 2500 microns.

The combination in one composition of various types of bases - explosive and pyrotechnic in the form of granules - gives a completely new quality to the processes occurring in it when initiated. Detonation waves, propagating through the granules of the explosive and reflected many times from the granules of the pyrotechnic mixture, increase the duration of the zones of high pressure and temperature, which in itself even without taking into account chemical reactions in the pyrotechnic mixture increases the duration and intensity of the glow of the detonating substance. The granules of the pyrotechnic mixture, staying quite a long time in the field of high pressure and temperatures in the substance, acquire the ability to high degrees of transformation of the chemical potential into light radiation. Heated to high temperatures, they partially burn out in the near zone of the explosion, emitting in the short-wave zone of the spectrum of the visible range of electromagnetic waves. Changes in the size of explosive granules and pyrotechnic mixture and the ratio of components in the granules, as well as the type of metal fuel and oxidizer used, make it possible to control the light intensity, maximum time, the total duration of the light flash, the intensity distribution within the visible spectrum. The listed fuel binders and their combinations provide the ability to control the size of the granules, an acceptable level of explosion safety of the compositions during mixing, the safety of the granules during molding and pressing charges from the explosive composition. In addition, these substances are an additional factor that allows you to control the kinetics of energy release of the explosive composition.

Granules of pyrotechnic and explosive composition can be molded both on separate technological cycles of production and subsequently mixed, and can be molded into a single composition by separating phases and modes of one production cycle.

The composition may contain a small amount of technological additives, dyes, or structure-forming agents.

To determine the level of parameters and the range of their regulation, a series of experimental studies of the lighting characteristics of various embodiments of the developed composition in charges with a diameter of 80 mm formed by the pressing method was performed (table 1).

Table 1 No. p / p Component and particle size distribution Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 22 23 25 one Explosive about G G ABOUT ABOUT G G G G G ABOUT ABOUT ABOUT G ABOUT G G G G G G ABOUT 2 Combustible binder of explosives, phlegmatizer in the prototype Graphite Ol St Tse St, Tse OK OKB MM OK MM BNK Forces OK FP, Ol Ol, Tse St, Tse FFS Ol Forces Ol St Ol St St 3 The content of explosives,% 10-35 8 69.5 40 8 69.5 40 40 40 40 8 8 8 69.5 69.5 8 69.5 6 73.5 8 69.5 69.5 four The size of the granules BB, microns 100-600 100-600 600-1100 600-1100 100-600 600-1100 100-600 100-600 100-600 600-1100 600-1100 100-1100 100-1100 600-1100 600-1100 100-1100 100-600 500-1100 30-70 > 1100 500> 1100 5 Inorganic oxidizing agent NB NB NB PHC NK SC NA NK PHC NA NK SC NA SC NB NB NB NB NB NB NB 6 Metal fuel Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Mg PAM Al PAM Mg Mg PAM Al Mg Al Al Al Al Al 7 Metal content,% 10-35 40 twenty 25 40 twenty 25 25 25 25 40 40 40 twenty twenty 40 twenty 42 16 40 twenty twenty 8 The oxidizer content, in% 40 10 thirty 40 10 thirty thirty thirty thirty 40 40 40 10 10 40 10 40 10 40 10.3 10 9 Combustible pyrotechnic mixture FC BNK FC Forces FP PP Tse Ol Ol FC Tse FC FP FC FFS BNK FFS BNK FFS BNK PHC 10 The total content of the combustible binder in the mixture, phlegmatizer in the prototype eleven 12 0.5 5 12 0.5 5 5 5 5 12 12 12 0.5 0.5 12 0.5 12 0.5 12, 0.2 0.5

one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 22 23 24 eleven The particle size of the pyrotechnic mixture, microns 50-500 500-2500 50-500 1000 2500 50-500 50-500 50-2500 50-500 1000-2500 50-500 50-2500 1000-2500 50-100 50-600 50-600 200-800 50-500 500-2500 50-500 50-500 > 2500 Note: O is an octogen. Al - aluminum, G - hexogen, Ol - linseed oil, NB - barium nitrate, St - stearin, Ce - ceresin, BNK - butyl nitrile rubber, PCC - potassium perchlorate. Strength - silicone rubber, OK - oxyzine, NK - potassium nitrate, FP - fluoroplastic, MM - mineral oil, NTs - cesium nitrate, NS - strontium nitrate, PAM - aluminum alloy with magnesium, FC - fluororubber, FFS - phenol-formaldehyde resin.

table 2 Explosion products glow parameters Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 The maximum value of light intensity, MKD 5-10 fifty fifty 70 40 60 70 one hundred 80 70 60 60 80 70 70 60 80 10 fifteen 10 fifteen 10 Time to reach maximum light intensity, ms 0.002-0.005 fifty 1,0 10 0.01 10 fifteen fifty 40 60 5 10 one 0.01 60 1,0 60 10 0.1 1,0 2.0 0.01 Total flash duration, ms 0.02-0.05 fifty 3 twenty 1,0 thirty 40 70 fifty 70 thirty twenty 10 10.1 70 2.0 70 twenty 0.2 2.0 3.0 0.05 The wavelength of the maximum radiation, microns 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 The heat of explosion, KJ / kg 2515 2725 4200 3770 2900 4300 3750 3680 3100 3350 3200 2900 3100 3950 3750 3200 3750 2550 3300 2650 3400 3350

The total mass of each charge was 2 kg. Measurement of the amplitude-time parameters of the radiation from the explosion products of the embodiments of the developed composition in the visible range was carried out using photodiodes of the FD-24K type and photocells of the FES-25 type. Signals from the receivers were recorded on an electronic oscilloscope. To determine the distribution of radiation energy in the visible range, IR2F type radiometers with amplifiers were used. The experimental results are presented in table 2. To assess the impact potential of the composition, a series of experiments was performed on a calorimetric setup (Bihel bomb) with the determination of the heat of explosion (Table 2). The data presented indicate that by changing the ratios and nature of the components, the combination of the sizes of the granules within the composition limits, it is possible to increase the light intensity by several times in comparison with the prototype and to provide control over a very wide range of flash duration and time to reach the maximum in the radiation spectrum.

A sharp decrease in the level of parameters of light radiation in experiments 17 and 18, in which the content of the components is outside the range specified in the invention, confirms the validity of the selected ratios of the components. The results of experiments 19-21, in which the particle sizes of the explosive and the pyrotechnic composition are outside the optimal ranges, confirm the essential role of granulation of the components and the combination of their sizes in the formation of light flux during the explosion of the compositions.

The data presented in Table 2 on the levels of light intensity achieved during the explosion of the composition, the ranges for controlling the temporal characteristics of flashes confirm the possibility of using charges from the developed composition as powerful pulsed light sources, including for the certification of the developed means of protection against powerful flashes of light.

Claims (1)

An explosive composition of shock and light action, containing an explosive and metallic fuel, characterized in that it contains a pyrotechnic mixture of an inorganic oxidizer and metallic fuel in the form of granules from 50 to 2500 microns in size, a fuel-binding agent in the form of a coating on explosive granules and a mixture of inorganic oxidizer and metallic fuel, and as an explosive substance it contains octogen or hexogen in the form of granules from 100 to 1250 microns in size, perchloe as an inorganic oxidizer at or potassium nitrate, or barium nitrate, or cesium or strontium nitrate, or a mixture thereof, as a metal fuel - aluminum, or magnesium, or an aluminum-magnesium alloy, and as a combustible-binder - ceresin, or stearin, or drying oil, or oxyzine, or phenol-formaldehyde resin, or butadiene nitrile, or silicone, or fluororubber, or fluoroplastics, or mineral oil, or a mixture thereof in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Inorganic oxidizing agent 10-40 Metal fuel 20-40 Combustible binder 0.5-12 Octogen or RDX Rest