RU2415831C1 - Explosive composition with multifunctional action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to explosive substances with multifunctional action and can be used in ammunition for different purposes. The disclosed composition contains a plasticiser (2-30 wt %), blasting explosive - phlegmatised hexogene or octogene (10-60 wt %), aluminium (15-36 wt %), inorganic oxidising agent (5-30 wt %), polymer (2-10 wt %). The plasticiser used is triethylene glycol dinitrate, the polymer used is a copolymer of methylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid or a fluoropolymer or fluororubber or butadiene nitrile rubber, the inorganic oxidising agent used is ammonium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate or barium nitrate and the metallic fuel used is aluminium. Further, in order to increase thermal stability, the explosive composition may contain diphenylamine and a nitroso compound or quinol ether as structure-forming agents.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain a composition which can function in detonation mode, as well as in combustion mode, thus creating fragmentation demolition or incendiary factors for ammunition.

6 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to explosives, which can be used to equip fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation ammunition or ammunition with variable modes of operation.

One of the main tasks of improving weapons is the creation of equipment for unified ammunition, providing multifactorial action and destruction of various types of objects, differing in overall mass and strength characteristics.

Explosive composition refers to multifactor equipment, presented in patent RU No. 2209806 with priority dated November 6, 2001. When an ammunition explodes in equipment, this composition creates kinetic, shock-wave, and thermal factors. This combination of factors contributes to the defeat of various types of objects. At the same time, in terms of parameters of incendiary action, this composition is significantly inferior to typical metallized incendiary compositions, for example, compositions described in patent RU No. 2213720 with a priority of March 28, 2002. Metallized compositions of this type are used only for equipping incendiary munitions. Such ammunition is a one-factor weapon, since it does not create other factors of influence other than incendiary and is distinguished by the ability to ignite flame-resistant objects, for example, such as wet wood, flame-resistant combustible-lubricating and polymeric materials.

Ammunition with variable operating modes has reinforced high-explosive-fragmentation and incendiary effect. Such ammunition, depending on the power of the pulse supplied to the equipment, is able to function in the detonation mode of the equipment or in the mode of its burning, affecting the affected objects with high-explosive-fragmentation or incendiary damage factors, respectively.

A technical solution is known in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2235967 with a priority of 12/18/2002, "Method of firing an artillery shell, detonating equipment." The second claim of the invention protects a multifactor explosive composition characterized by the presence of a liquid plasticizer, a swelling polymer of the polyacrylic series in it, a blasting explosive, and a powdered combustible metal. As a plasticizer in the text of the patent, the possibility of using fluorodinitroformal is considered. In addition to polymers of the polyacrylic series, polyurethane or cellulose nitrate is mentioned. As fillers, the composition contains RDX or HMX, and aluminum or magnesium as combustible substances. A detailed description of such a composition is presented in another patent of the Russian Federation No. 2315742 with priority dated 06/14/2006. As a plasticizer in accordance with this patent, the multifactor explosive composition contains a mixture of LD-70 (70% diethylene glycol dinitrate and 30% triethylene glycol dinitrate), as the polymer is polyacrylic series - a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, while the plasticizer and polymer are taken in a ratio of 1: (0.3-0.4), the composition contains phlegmatized hexogen as a blasting explosive n or octogen in an amount of 52-67 wt.%. The composition of the composition includes aluminum powder of 15-30 wt.%, In addition, diphenylamine is included in its composition in an amount of 0.5-0.7 wt.% (In excess of 100%).

This composition combines the increased parameters of a high-explosive and fragmentation effect. When exposed to a high-temperature source of non-detonation type, such a composition is able to ignite and burn, creating foci of fire on the ground. The viscoplastic consistency of such a composition suggests the possibility of forming fragments of a composition of a given mass as a result of tensile stresses, for example, created by detonation products of a bursting charge of small mass.

This composition, as coinciding with the proposed invention for the greatest number of features, adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of this composition, excluding the possibility of its use in ammunition, operating in two different and pre-programmed modes - detonation or burning of their equipment, include its ability to detonate from initiating explosive charges weighing 1 g or more, and also directly from an electric detonator, which eliminates the possibility of the formation of incendiary fragments of it under the action of the dispersing charge of an explosive, as well as the ignition and combustion of such fragments, which is the main loviem ammunition functioning mode incendiary. In addition, the disadvantages of this composition during its functioning in the combustion mode include low temperature and high burning rate of its fragments. Due to this drawback, fragments of this composition are not able to ignite flammable materials that require a long exposure time of the ignition source for their ignition. Such flammable materials include, for example, wet wood, a number of petroleum products and plastics.

The aim of this invention is to provide a composition that operates in two different detonation or combustion modes, determined by the power of the explosive pulse supplied to it, and thereby capable of modifying the modes of the damaging effect of the munition, forming high-explosive or incendiary factors affecting the targets.

The problem is solved in that in an explosive composition containing a plasticizer, a polymer, an explosive, aluminum and diphenylamine, triethylene glycol dinitrate is used as a plasticizer, as a polymer is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, or a fluoropolymer, or fluororubber, or butadiene nitrile rubber explosive - phlegmatized RDX or HMX, and additionally it contains an inorganic oxidizing agent: ammonium perchlorate, or potassium perchlorate, or barium nitrate when based on the content of components, wt.%:

Plasticizer 2-30 Phlegmatized RDX or HMX 10-60 Aluminum 15-36 Potassium perchlorate, or ammonium perchlorate, or barium nitrate 5-30 A copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acids, or fluoropolymer, or fluororubber, or nitrile butadiene rubber 2-10

The composition may additionally contain 0.2-1.0 wt.% (In excess of 100%) diphenylamine, which is a stabilizer of chemical resistance, which is introduced into the composition in cases where the ammunition in which it is used is stored for a long time at elevated ambient temperatures .

Also, the composition may additionally contain nitroso compound or quinol ether as structure-forming agents in an amount of 0.1-1.5 wt.% (In excess of 100%).

The introduction of structure-forming agents into the composition presents additional possibilities for regulating its consistency in the state range from the consistency of an easily moving liquid to the consistency of a solid substance, and, accordingly, the introduction of these substances allows, taking into account the specific design and functioning of the ammunition in which it is planned to be used, to control technological properties, sedimentation stability, porosity of the compositions, etc.

The use of triethylene glycol dinitrate as a plasticizer in the composition, which is an insensitive component of the LD-70 mixture in combination with an inorganic oxidizer to the detonation pulse, with the above combination of components in the composition, makes it possible to function as part of ammunition in one of two modes: detonation or in combustion mode, depending on the power of the initiating detonation pulse and, accordingly, the formation of high-explosive fragmentation or incendiary factors exposure. The detonation regime in such a composition is excited when exposed to an explosion of an explosive charge weighing at least 30 g.

When the composition located in the shell of the ammunition is exposed to explosive charges of smaller mass, it is ignited, crushed into fragments and scattered together with the fragments of the shell at various distances from the place where the ammunition was brought into action. Such burning fragments of the composition are capable of forming fires in objects containing combustible materials, including the ability to ignite such difficult-to-combustible materials as wet wood, hardly combustible combustible-lubricating substances and plastics.

The increased incendiary ability of the developed composition is also due to the presence of triethylene glycol dinitrate and promising inorganic oxidants in its composition. This combination provides an increase in temperature and the burning time of the composition - the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the incendiary effect of the compositions.

The results of testing various embodiments of the claimed composition (table 1) in comparison with the prototype are presented in table 2.

Table 1 The name of the components included in the composition The content of components, wt.% Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven Triethylene glycol dinitrate 16 2 thirty 16 2 thirty thirty 16 2 34 one Phlegmatized RDX or HMX 52-67 10 60 25 10 60 25 25 10 60 8 63 Aluminum 15-30 36 31 17.5 36 31 17.5 17.5 36 31 40 fifteen Potassium perchlorate thirty 5 17.5 thirty 5 Ammonium perchlorate thirty 17.5 17.5 17 Barium nitrate 5 9 Mix LD-70 9-23 Diphenylamine (in excess of 100%) 0.2-0.7 - 0.2 1,0 0.6 0.2 1,0 - 0.2 0.2 0.6 Methacrylic Acid Methacrylate Copolymer 4-7 8 2 10 Fluoropolymer 8 one Fluoroelastomer 2 Nitrile butadiene rubber 10 10 8 2 12 Nitroso compound 0.1 Quinol ether 1,5

table 2 Characteristics of the claimed composition Variants of the claimed composition Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven The modes of functioning of the composition when it is initiated by explosive charges of various masses: 1 g d g g g g g g g g g g g 20 g d g g g g g g g g g g g 30 g d d d d d d d d d d d d The burning temperature of the sample weight of 20 g, ° C 1300 2200 2300 2300 2200 2300 2400 2300 2400 2200 1700 1800 Duration of burning of a sample weight of 20 g, s 10 40 fifty 60 40 60 fifty 40 fifty 40 twenty thirty The ability to set fire to fragments of a composition:
wet wood - + + + + + + + + + + - hard volatile oil products - + + + + + + + + + - + The ratio of the speed of throwing the shell of the mock ammunition variants of the developed composition and the compositions of the prototype when tested by the test cylinder method 1.00 1.05 1.01 1.00 1,04 1.00 1,03 1,02 1,03 1.01 1,0 1,0 The ratio of TNT equivalents of the variants of the claimed composition and the composition of the prototype when testing prototype munitions with a mass of equipment of 2 kg when tested on an experimental site equipped with pressure sensors 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.05 1.00 1,02 1.00 1.05 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 d - detonation; g - burning; “+” - ignition of combustible material; “-” - lack of ignition effect

As follows from the experimental data presented in table 2, when operating in the combustion mode (the mass of the explosive charge initiating the composition in the ammunition is less than 30 g), the claimed composition exceeds the prototype in temperature, duration of burning and, as a result, in the ability to ignite difficultly combustible combustible materials when exposed to flame from fragments of a burning composition.

High-explosive parameters, expressed as the ratio of TNT equivalents of the claimed composition and prototype, obtained as a result of processing experimental data of testing prototype munitions in an instrument field equipped with sensors for measuring pressure of shock waves, and the parameters of the relative propelling effect of the claimed composition and prototype when tested in standard prototypes of the test cylinder method indicates that the claimed composition is not inferior to the prototype in the specified parameters. Outside the claimed range of component ratios (options 10-11), there is a significant decrease in the level of a number of indicators that distinguish the claimed composition from the prototype.

The experimental data presented in table 2 confirm the ability of the claimed composition to function in predetermined high-explosive or incendiary modes and confirm its ability to ignite flammable combustible materials when operating in the combustion mode.

Thus, a new type of explosive composition has been developed, capable of performing the functions of a high-power explosive system or the functions of an incendiary substance under the action of ammunition, which are determined by the pulse power of the initiating explosive charge entering the munition device.

Claims (6)

1. An explosive composition of multifunctional action, including a plasticizer, a polymer, a blasting explosive — phlegmatized RDX or HMX, and aluminum, characterized in that it additionally contains an inorganic oxidizing agent in the following components, wt.%:
Plasticizer 2-30 High explosive - phlegmatized RDX or HMX 10-60 Aluminum 15-36 Inorganic oxidizing agent 5-30 Polymer 2-10 2. An explosive composition of multifunctional action according to claim 1, characterized in that it may additionally contain diphenylamine in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 wt.% (In excess of 100%) as a chemical stability stabilizer. 3. An explosive composition of multifunctional action according to claim 1, characterized in that it may additionally contain nitroso compound or quinol ether as structure formers in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.5 wt.% (In excess of 100%). 4. An explosive composition of multifunctional action according to claim 1, characterized in that triethylene glycol dinitrate is used as a plasticizer. 5. An explosive composition of multifunctional action according to claim 1, characterized in that potassium perchlorate, or ammonium perchlorate, or barium nitrate are used as an inorganic oxidizing agent. 6. An explosive composition of multifunctional action according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer used is a fluoropolymer, or fluororubber, or butadiene nitrile rubber, or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid.