Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
  • C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
  • C07D279/20—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/5415—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
  • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
  • A61P33/06—Antimalarials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
  • C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
  • C07D279/22—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B21/00—Thiazine dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0096—Purification; Precipitation; Filtration
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of diaminophenothiazinium type compounds, in particular a process for purifying these compounds. It relates in particular to methylene blue, and it also relates to the products resulting from this process, the degree of purity is higher than those known from the prior art. It also relates to the use of these compounds for the preparation of drugs.
• Methylthioninium chloride also known as methylene blue or 3,7-bis (dimethylamino) phenothiazin-5-ylium chloride, is an organic compound having the formula below:
• This compound has been used for a long time as a dye and redox indicator, as an optical developer in biophysical systems, in nanoporous materials as a separator material, and in photoelectrochromic imaging. It is also known for its applications as antiseptic agent, antiinfectives, antidote and diagnostic agent. He finds uses in gynecology, neonatalogy, oncology, oncology, urology, ophthalmology and gastroenterology. New uses in the therapeutic field are being developed, such as the reduction of pathogenic contaminants in the blood (GB2373787), the prevention or inhibition of an excessive hemodynamic reaction (WO03 / 082296).
• the DE-1886 patent describes a process in which an oxidative coupling of N, N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene with H 2 S and FeCl 3 is carried out .
• WO 2005/054217 discloses methylene blue derivatives and a process for their preparation.
• the method of preparation of these compounds uses phenotiazine as starting material.
• all the known preparation methods for phenotiazine use metal reagents whose metal atoms chelate the phenotiazine at the end of the synthesis.
• the products obtained by this process are therefore naturally contaminated with metal residues, in addition to the usual organic contaminants such as azure B.
• WO 2006/032879 discloses a process for the preparation of methylene blue which comprises a step of reduction with iron, a step of oxidation with sodium dichromate, a step of oxidation with copper sulfate.
• a first object of the invention was therefore the development of a process for the preparation of methylene blue which gives access to a methylene blue of high purity, in particular which comprises a very low level of metallic impurities and which can be extrapolated on an industrial scale under satisfactory economic conditions, and which is not subject to variations in quality.
• the process of the invention is a process for the purification of methylene blue.
• the process which has been developed applies not only to methylene blue, but also to other diaminophenothiazinram derivatives.
• the process of the invention is a process for preparing compounds of formula (I) below:
• each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 may be independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom,
• - alkyl groups C 1 -C 6 alkyl, linear branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with one more functions chosen from a halogen atom, an alkoxy function, C 1 -C 6 alkyloxycarbonyl C 1 -C 6 , -CONH 2 ,
• aryl groups optionally substituted with one or more functions chosen from: a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, a halogen atom, an alkoxy functional group,
• R 1 with R 5 , or R 5 with R 6 , R 7 with R 8 , R 8 with R 3 , R 3 with R 4 , R 4 with R 9 , R 10 with R 2 or R 2 with R 1 can consist of a single optionally substituted alkyl chain so as to form a fourth ring
• each of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 can be chosen, independently of the others, from among the atoms halogen: F, Cl, Br, I, X ' represents an organic or inorganic anion.
• Useful anions include, for example, anions of mineral acids such as, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid; anions of organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, they also include OH ' .
• This process is characterized in that it comprises at least one step during which a compound of formula (II):
• a phenyl or benzyl group optionally substituted by one or more functions chosen from: a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, a nitro group, an alkyl group, C 1 -Cs, linear, branched or cyclic,
• a phenyloxy or benzyloxy group optionally substituted on the aromatic ring by one or more functions chosen from: a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, a nitro group,
• Z represents an atom selected from O and S.
• Purification of the compounds of formula (II) is carried out under conditions making it possible to separate the metal compounds from the compounds of formula (II): filtration on a support capable of retaining the metal compounds, crystallization in an appropriate solvent or any other known method of the skilled person.
• a support capable of retaining the metal compounds
• a support may be chosen from: a silica gel, an alumina gel (neutral, basic or acid), an optionally modified diatomite, celite, a microporous membrane, resins grafted by metal sensor groups and fibers grafted by metal sensor groups, such as thiol functions, carboxylic acid, tertiary amine, or any other support having the property of retaining metals.
• grafted fibers mention may be made in particular of the products marketed by Johnson Matthey under the trade name Smopex®.
• the diatomites mention may be made of the products marketed by the company CECA under the brand Clarcel ®.
• the compound of formula (II) can be obtained from the compound of formula (I), by reduction of the compound of formula (I) and then by reaction of the amino function of the phenothiazinium ring with a suitable protecting group R-CZ-Y in which R and Z have the same definition as above and Y represents a leaving group chosen from: a halogen atom such as F, Cl, I, Br, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a group - OCOR (Anhydride), a hydroxyl group, optionally in the presence of a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide type activator (DCC).
• R is chosen from a phenyl group and a toluyl group.
• the overall process is a purification of the compound of formula (I).
• the compound of formula (II) can be obtained by other methods which do not use product (I) as starting material.
• the compound represented by the formula (I) can be represented by several equivalent resonant structures.
• other structures which are equivalent to that of formula (I) are given below:
• R 5 and R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 which are identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
• R 5 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 represent H.
• X represents Cl or OH
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and methyl
• R 6 represents a hydrogen atom
• - R 7 represents a hydrogen atom
• - Z represents O.
• the compound of formula (I) is tetramethylthionine chloride or methylene blue.
• the compound of formula (I) is dimethylthionine chloride or Azur A, or trimethylthionine chloride or Azur B, or monomethylthionine chloride or Azur C.
• the process for preparing the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one step of purifying a compound of formula (II), in particular this purification comprises at least one filtration step of a compound of formula (II) on a support capable of retaining metal compounds, such as a silica gel, alumina (neutral, basic or acid), an optionally modified diatomite, a resin functionalized with metal sensors, fibers functionalized by sensors from metals, celite, a microporous membrane or any other medium capable of retaining metal compounds.
• metal compounds such as a silica gel, alumina (neutral, basic or acid), an optionally modified diatomite, a resin functionalized with metal sensors, fibers functionalized by sensors from metals, celite, a microporous membrane or any other medium capable of retaining metal compounds.
• the compound of formula (II) is dissolved in a suitable solvent, a filter is prepared with the filter medium which is introduced into a suitable container, such as a column of glass, sintered glass filter or industrial wringer.
• a suitable container such as a column of glass, sintered glass filter or industrial wringer.
• the filled container of the chosen filter support is moistened, preferably with the same solvent as that in which the compound of formula (II) is dissolved.
• the solution containing the compound of formula (II) is deposited on the filter, the solution which passes through the filter is recovered, the filter is rinsed several times with a solvent identical to or different from that used to solubilize the compound of formula (II) .
• the eluted fractions are recovered and optionally concentrated.
• chlorinated solvents for example dichloromethane or chloroform
• alcohols such as isopropanol, ethanol, methanol or acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, or a mixture of these solvents.
• the solution of the compound of formula (I) is advantageously of a concentration ranging from 1 g / l to 10 3 g / l.
• Lower concentrations lead to using too large solvent volumes with consequences on the safety and the size of the equipment.
• Higher concentrations are difficult to envisage because of the solubility of the products.
• the method of the invention has the advantage of ridding the product of formula (II) of its metallic impurities.
• a solvent is advantageously chosen from: an alcohol such as ethanol, a chlorinated solvent such as methylene chloride.
• the compound of formula (II) is manufactured from the compound of formula (I) which is reacted with a protective group R-CZ-Y in which Y is advantageously chosen from: F, Cl, Br 5 1, a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a group -OCOR (anhydride), a hydroxyl group, optionally in the presence of a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide type activator (DCC).
• DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide type activator
• the reaction is conventionally carried out in basic or neutral medium in water or in a mixture of water and another solvent such as, for example, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or any other suitable organic solvent.
• the reaction is exothermic, and cooling means are preferably used to maintain the temperature of the mixture at about room temperature.
• the starting material (I) is either commercially available or prepared by known methods, such as those described in WO 2006/032879.
• the products of formula (I) are prepared by synthetic methods which make use of the use of metal derivatives which are found as impurities in the products (I). This is the case of methylene blue, but also of azure A, azure B and azure C.
• the compounds of formula (I) can not be freed from their metallic and organic impurities so direct, simple and effective.
• the methods of the prior art call for successive recrystallizations which do not have satisfactory yields and which lead to products whose residual impurity level is difficult to control.
• the products of formula (I) have the property of chelating metals whereas products (II) are non-chelating. Their purification is therefore much more effective than the direct purification of the compounds of formula (I).
• a deprotection step of the amine of the phenothiazine ring of the compound of formula (II) is advantageously carried out.
• This deprotection is made by any means known to those skilled in the art, avoiding the introduction of metal contaminants and under conditions avoiding the degradation of the compound of formula (I).
• quinones for example 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), HNO 3 , HClO 4 , I 2 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 O 2 , treatment with ultraviolet radiation.
• a quinone is preferably used for this step, and most preferably 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone.
• this deprotection reaction is carried out in a solvent selected from: ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone.
• the preferred solvent for this step is acetonitrile.
• Advantageous deprotection conditions provide for the use of 0.80 to 1.1 molar equivalents of DDQ relative to the compound (II), still more advantageously 0.85 to 1.05 molar equivalents of DDQ relative to the compound (II). ), advantageously from 0.90 to 1 molar equivalent.
• this deprotection is carried out at a temperature between -40 ° C and -5 ° C.
• a lower temperature would have the disadvantage of lengthening the reaction times, higher temperature could lead to the formation of secondary products.
• the deprotection conditions of the compounds of formula (II) exposed above are particularly advantageous in that they lead to a compound of formula (I) without introducing during this step metal impurities or form of organic impurities.
• the compound of formula (II) is then deprotected with the aid of any deprotection means not involving the use of metal compounds, in particular with the aid of a quinone, in particular DDQ, preferably under the conditions set forth above.
• Another subject of the invention is thus a process for the preparation of compounds corresponding to formula (I) described above, characterized in that it comprises at least one step of deprotection of the R-CZ- group of the amine of the phenothiazine ring of the compound of formula (II) using deprotection means not involving the use of metal compounds.
• Deprotection means not involving the use of metal compounds means the use of non-metallic reagents, solvents not containing metal residues (preferably ⁇ 0.01 ppm), in reactors not containing no metal parts, such as enamelled reactors for example.
• quinones for example 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), HNO 3 , HClO 4 , I 2 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 O 2 , treatment with ultraviolet radiation.
• DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
• HNO 3 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
• I 2 preferably HClO 4
• I 2 HCl
• H 2 SO 4 H 2 O 2
• treatment with ultraviolet radiation treatment with ultraviolet radiation.
• a quinone is preferably used for this step, and most preferably 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone.
• the implementation conditions of the DDQ which have been described above are used.
• the method of the invention makes it possible to have access to a compound of formula (I) free of metallic contaminants and of high chemical purity, reliably, reproducibly and applicable on an industrial scale. These qualities are essential to provide a product of formula (I) pharmaceutical grade.
• the process for the preparation or purification of the invention is the only one which makes it possible to obtain in industrial quantities and in a reproducible manner a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride which comprises 0.02 ⁇ g / g or less of cadmium per g of methylene blue.
• a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride which comprises 0.02 ⁇ g / g or less of cadmium per g of methylene blue.
• Such a product constitutes another object of the invention.
• Another subject of the invention is a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride having a degree of purity greater than 97%, preferably greater than 98%, more preferably greater than 99%, measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) in the conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia 5.4 (April 2006 edition) and comprising less than 4.5 ⁇ g / g of aluminum, advantageously less than 3 ⁇ g / g of aluminum, still more advantageously less than 2.5 ⁇ g / g of aluminum per g of methylene blue.
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• the method of the invention is also the only one to give access to a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride having a purity level greater than 97%, preferably greater than 98%, more preferably greater than 99%, measured by HPLC in the conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia 5.4 (April 2006 edition) and comprising less than 0.5 ⁇ g / g of tin per g of methylene blue.
• a product constitutes another object of the invention.
• the method of the invention is also the only one to give access to a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride having a purity level greater than 97%, preferably greater than 98%, more preferably greater than 99%, measured by HPLC in the conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia 5.4 (April 2006 edition) and comprising less than 0.95 ⁇ g / g of chromium, advantageously less than 0.90 ⁇ g / g, even better, less than 0.80 ⁇ g / g per g of methylene blue .
• the process of the invention is the only one to give access, in industrial quantities, to a methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride comprising less than 3% of impurities, preferably less than 2%, even better less than 1%, measured in HPLC under the conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia 5.4 (April 2006 edition) and a metal impurity level of less than 20 ⁇ g / g, advantageously less than 15 ⁇ g / g, more preferably less than 10 ⁇ g / g.
• Another subject of the invention is a compound of formula (I), with the exception of methylene blue or tetramethylthionine chloride, and comprising a overall metallic impurities of less than 100 ⁇ g / g, advantageously less than 50 ⁇ g / g, in particular less than 30 ⁇ g / g.
• This compound preferably satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
• cadmium level less than 0.1 ⁇ g / g, advantageously less than 0.05 ⁇ g / g, more preferably less than 0.02 ⁇ g / g,
• tin level of less than 0.5 ⁇ g / g, advantageously less than 0.4 ⁇ g / g and even more advantageously less than 0.3 ⁇ g / g.
• Methylene blue has been used for decades in the treatment of various infections. It is used as an antiseptic, anti-infectious, antidotal and diagnostic agent. Recently its antiviral activity has been demonstrated, and it could be used in the preparation of a medicament for combating a pathology such as an infection, including septic shock, the presence of pathogenic contaminants in the blood or plasma, excessive hemodynamic reaction, infection with HIV, West NiIe virus, hepatitis C virus, Alzheimer's disease, malaria, breast cancer, manic depressive disorders.
• a pathology such as an infection, including septic shock, the presence of pathogenic contaminants in the blood or plasma, excessive hemodynamic reaction, infection with HIV, West NiIe virus, hepatitis C virus, Alzheimer's disease, malaria, breast cancer, manic depressive disorders.
• a medicament comprising a methylene blue of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is another object of the invention.
• the carrier and the amounts of methylene blue to be administered are well known to those skilled in the art.
• the invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of a medicinal product comprising a compound of formula (I), characterized in that this process comprises at least one process step as described above, in particular a step of purification of the compound of formula (I) and / or a step of deprotection of compound (II) in (I).
• this process comprises at least one process step as described above, in particular a step of purification of the compound of formula (I) and / or a step of deprotection of compound (II) in (I).
• the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and then 6.9 kg of sodium hydrosulphite Na 2 S 2 O 4 in 85% aqueous solution are added. The color turns from blue to beige. An additional 45 minutes are left stirring, then 2.69 kg of sodium hydroxide are added in the form of pellets. The temperature of the reaction is maintained between 18 and 20 ° C. The duration of addition is 30 minutes and the mixture is left stirring for another 30 minutes. Then 7.90 L of benzoyl chloride are added dropwise. The reaction mixture turns to a green-beige color. The duration of addition is 2 h and then it is left stirring for 20 h.
• the cake from the third stage is reintroduced into several pieces.
• 4 L of AcOEt are added. It is allowed to rotate for 30 minutes at room temperature. The temperature is lowered to -18 ° C. 2.5 kg of HCl are added to 16 L of AcOEt (4N solution). Stir 2h at -18 ° C. It is filtered and then the cake is reintroduced into the reactor. 30 L of AcOEt are added at -18 ° C. and filtered again.

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• 2006
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