WO2008004450A1

WO2008004450A1 - Emulsion fuel and equipment and process for production of the same

Info

Publication number: WO2008004450A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/062542
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yukinobu Mori
Original assignee: Yukinobu Mori
Priority date: 2006-07-04
Filing date: 2007-06-21
Publication date: 2008-01-10
Also published as: JP2008013633A; TW200815583A

Abstract

A process for producing an emulsion fuel which is stable and permits long-term storage by using gasoline as the raw material. A process involving the stirring step of producing a liquid stirred flow and the emulsification step of passing a liquid through pores of a ceramic form to convert the liquid into an emulsion, which comprises feeding water, an additive (A) comprising a nonionic surfactant, a liquid alcohol, an oil, and aqueous alkali as the main components, and an additive (B) comprising an anionic surfactant and aqueous alkali as the main components in this order to a petroleum liquid fuel circulating in the stirring step and the emulsification step and circulating the obtained mixed fluid between the stirring step and the emulsification step plural times.

Description

Specification

Emulsion fuel and its manufacturing equipment

Technical field

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel used as a fuel for gasoline engines, diesel engines, boilers and the like, a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. Background art

[0002] Emulsion fuel is generally W / O type (water-in-oil type) emulsion. This emulsion fuel is further subdivided into fuel particles (oil particles) surrounding water molecules due to the micro-explosion of water particles in a high-temperature atmosphere in a combustor such as an engine. Since the contact area is increased and the contact area is increased, the fuel oil is completely burned, and soot and dust in the exhaust gas can be reduced. That is, the water vaporized under 1 atmosphere expands to a volume of about 1700 times, and the water particles contained in the W / O type emulsion fuel boil instantaneously, vaporize and expand, A micro-explosion occurs in which the oil particles are crushed and blown away, and this micro-explosion causes complete combustion of the fuel oil.

[0003] In such an emulsion fuel, combustion can be performed with a reduced air ratio, so there is no loss of heat due to exhaust gas being reduced. In addition, since the amount of combustion air is reduced, the residence time of the combustion gas in the combustor is lengthened, so that heat exchange can be performed efficiently and heat loss can be reduced. In addition, with the emulsion fuel, the combustion gas burns completely, so there is an advantage that the amount of Nx and SOx generated can be suppressed.

[0004] Since power and mulled fuel use incompatible water and oil, an emulsification process is essential in which emulsification is performed by reducing the interfacial tension by using a surfactant. As a conventional emulsion fuel, Patent Document 1 discloses that a petroleum-based liquid fuel having a boiling point of 130 to 425 ° C (that is, light oil or heavy oil) 70 to 95% by weight, ethanol 2 to 25% by weight, water 0.002 It is described that 5 to 100% by weight of a surfactant such as an amine surfactant or an ether surfactant is mixed and emulsified with respect to -0.8% by weight. Also, in Patent Document 2, 25% by weight or less of water is mixed with 70% by weight of diesel oil, and a surface activity of 50% by weight or less is mixed. Emulsification using a sex agent is described. Further, Patent Document 3 describes that heavy oil or light oil is used as a petroleum-based liquid fuel, and ultrasonic vibration is applied when emulsifying tap water using a surfactant to the fuel.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2004-515641

Patent Document 2: Special Table 2005—504875

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-13964

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, the conventional emulsion fuel has the following problems.

[0006] (1) Since the stability as an emulsion is small, the shape of an emulsion can only be maintained for several days at room temperature. Therefore, when it is stored for a long time, it cannot be used after oil-water separation.

(2) Although emulsification in heavy oil and light oil is possible, emulsification in gasoline is becoming difficult. For this reason, in emulsification of gasoline, not only a large-scale facility is required, but also a large amount of surfactant is required, which causes a rise in cost and is not practical. Moreover, even if gasoline is emulsified in this way, only an extremely unstable emulsified state can be obtained. Such power, etc., can only be applied to diesel engines, boilers, etc., as an emulsion fuel, and cannot be applied to gasoline engines installed in automobiles. Yes. or,

(3) Unable to ignite the emulsion fuel. For this reason, when using emulsion fuel, it is currently the case that the engine, boiler, etc. are driven by burning heavy oil and light oil and switching to the emulsion fuel when the drive is stable. This is an unfinished stage.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above, and is not only heavy oil that can be in a stable emulsion state and can be stored for a long period of time. In particular, it is possible to emulsify gasoline so that it can be used as a fuel for gasoline engines. Further, it is possible to provide an ignition fuel that can be used for initial ignition and is convenient for use. Objective.

Means for solving the problem

[0008] The emulsion fuel of the invention according to claim 1 comprises petroleum liquid fuel 20 to 70% by weight, water 5 to 70% by weight, surfactant:! To 10% by weight, alkaline water 3 to 15% by weight, It is composed of 0.5 to 0.5% by weight of liquid alcohol and 0.03 to 0.3% by weight of oil agent, and it is wZ 0 type emulsion that is emulsified by passing through the pores of the ceramic molded body. It is a feature.

[0009] The invention of claim 2 is the emulsion fuel of claim 1, wherein the petroleum-based liquid fuel is gasoline.

[0010] The invention according to claim 3 is the emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant.

[0011] An apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to the invention of claim 4 is provided with a stirrer for supplying the liquid according to claims:! To 3 and generating a stirring flow for the supplied liquid; An emulsifier that generates emulsion by supplying the liquid supplied from the stirrer and passing through the pores, and the liquid between the emulsifier and the stirrer. And a circulation path for circulation.

[0012] The method for producing an emulsion fuel of the invention according to claim 5 includes an agitation step for generating a liquid agitation flow and an emulsification step for forming the emulsion by passing the liquid through the pores of the ceramic molded body. In addition, after supplying water to petroleum-based liquid fuel circulating in the emulsification process, an additive A mainly composed of nonionic surfactant, liquid alcohol, oil agent and alkaline water is supplied, and then anion An additive B mainly composed of a surfactant and alkaline water is supplied, and the mixed solution is circulated a plurality of times between the stirring step and the emulsifying step.

[0013] The invention according to claim 6 is the method for producing the emulsion fuel according to claim 5, wherein the water is supplied after the atomization treatment.

The invention's effect

[0014] According to the emulsion fuel of the present invention, petroleum-based liquid fuel, water, surfactant, alkaline water, liquid alcohol, and oil agent are used as raw materials and pass through the pores of the ceramic molded body. It has a stable emulsion. For this reason, long-term (for example, more than one year

), Can be stored without oil-water separation. In addition, it can be ignited from the start of the engine, and can be used as fuel instead of gasoline or heavy oil. Furthermore, the emulsion fuel of the present invention can be stably emulsified in gasoline and can be applied to a gasoline engine.

[0015] According to the emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the emulsifier is composed of a stirrer and a ceramic molded body, and the emulsification is performed by circulating between them, so that the structure is simple. Can be small. For this reason, it can be used by incorporating it into an engine that is undergoing a large-scale modification to an automobile, and can be made versatile.

[0016] According to the method for producing an emulsion fuel of the present invention, after supplying water to a petroleum liquid fuel, an additive A mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant, a liquid alcohol, an oil agent and alkaline water is added. A stable W / O type emulsion fuel can be produced because the procedure is followed by supplying the additive B mainly composed of an anionic surfactant and alkaline water. Further, since the emulsion is circulated while passing through the pores of the ceramic molded body, the emulsion particles can be finely divided to 1 m or less. As a result, the produced emulsion fuel can be stored for a long time without oil-water separation, and even when gasoline is used as a raw material, it can be made stable emulsion fuel.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing a manufacturing procedure.

[Fig.3] Blocks when manufacturing equipment is built into an on-board gasoline engine. Explanation of symbols

[0018] 1 Manufacturing equipment

2 Stirrer

3 Emulsifier 7 Power supply

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0019] The emulsion fuel of the present invention contains petroleum liquid fuel, water and a surfactant, alkaline water, liquid alcohol, and oil as main components.

[0020] As the petroleum-based liquid fuel, heavy oil, light oil, and gasoline are used individually. As will be described later, the present invention is characterized in that gasoline, which has been considered difficult as a raw material for emulsion fuel that is conventionally used only as heavy oil and diesel oil, can be used. In other words, the present invention enables stable emulsification and long-term storage even when gasoline is used as a petroleum liquid fuel. Petroleum-based liquid fuels such as gasoline are used in a blending ratio of 20 to 70% by weight. Here, when gasoline is used as the petroleum-based liquid fuel, the blending ratio of 30 to 60% by weight is good, and the usage ratio can be reduced as compared with the conventional emulsion fuel.

[0021] Tap water, which is easily available, can be used as the water, and it is used in an amount of 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight. In the present invention, even if the blending ratio of water to petroleum-based liquid fuel is increased, complete combustion is possible and combustion efficiency is not lowered. Furthermore, this is because the W / O type emulsion particles of the present invention have l z m or less, and heat transfer to the emulsion particles is performed quickly and reliably in a combustion furnace such as an engine. By increasing the blending ratio of water in this way, the blending ratio of the petroleum-based liquid fuel can be relatively decreased, so that fuel consumption can be suppressed.

[0022] The surfactant is used at a blending ratio of:! To 10% by weight. As the surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant are used. As the nonionic surfactant, one or more of fatty acid esters such as polyoxy fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan monococonut oil, sorbitan monostearate or polyoxyethylene (POE) lanolin, are selected. can do. When gasoline is used as the petroleum liquid fuel, polyoxy fatty acid ester or polyoxy It is preferable to use petroleum surfactants such as polyethylene fatty acid esters.

[0023] Examples of the anionic surfactant include α-olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, glycerin monostearate, and monolauric acid represented by the trade name “ribolane PB-800” (Lion Corporation). One or more of polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl sulfate, dimethicone polyol, and sucrose fatty acid ester can be selected. When gasoline is used as the petroleum liquid fuel, it is preferable to use monoolefin sulfonate such as sodium monoolefin sulfonate as the anionic surfactant.

[0024] The blending ratio of the surfactant is determined within the above blending ratio range depending on the type and blending ratio of the petroleum-based liquid fuel used and the blending ratio of water. In the production of emulsion fuels, nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants are not used at the same time. First, nonionic surfactants are mixed, and then anionic surfactants are mixed. To do.

[0025] As the alkaline water, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium, an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium or calcium, or a mixture thereof can be used. By using these alkaline waters, the water described above can be made into ionic water, and emulsification can be easily performed. The blending ratio of the alkaline water can be 3 to 15% by weight, preferably 8 to 12% by weight.

[0026] Liquid alcohol is used as a drainage agent for gasoline engines, and in the present invention, it is not necessary to use a drainage agent in a gasoline engine by blending this liquid alcohol with an emulsion fuel. As the liquid alcohol, one or more of low-molecular alcohols such as isopropylene alcohol (ΙΡΑ), absolute ethanol, and methanol can be used. The mixing ratio of the liquid alcohol is appropriately selected within the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight.

As the oil agent, one or more of hydrophilic petrolatum, glycerin, white petrolatum, olive oil, avocado oil, lecithin, silicone oil and the like can be used. When gasoline is used as the petroleum liquid fuel, it is better to use hydrophilic petrolatum. The blending ratio of the oil is arbitrarily selected within the range of 0.03-0.3% by weight. You can.

[0028] The production method of the emulsion fuel according to the present invention is carried out by allowing a petroleum-based liquid fuel such as gasoline, water and the above-mentioned additive to pass through the pores of the ceramic molded body while stirring. In this case, first, water is mixed in a state in which petroleum-based liquid fuel such as gasoline is circulated, then, additive A containing a nonionic surfactant is mixed, and then additive B containing an ionic surfactant is added. Supply.

Additive A is a mixed liquid mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant such as polyoxy fatty acid ester and the above-mentioned liquid alcohol, oil, and alkaline water. Additive B is a mixed liquid mainly composed of olefin sulfonate and alkaline water. That is, in the production method of the present invention, the first stage of emulsification is first performed with the additive A mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant, and then the additive B mainly composed of an anionic surfactant is added. Two-stage emulsification is performed. In addition to this, in the present invention, these mixed liquids are circulated so as to pass through the porous ceramic molded body a plurality of times, whereby a stable emulsified W / O type with a small particle diameter. It becomes possible to produce an emulsion fuel.

FIG. 1 shows a production apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a stirrer 2 and an emulsifier 3 are connected side by side, and these are arranged in a circulation container 4.

[0031] The stirrer 2 has an inlet 2a opened at the top, and a stirring blade 5 is rotatably provided therein. The stirring blade 5 is attached to the rotating shaft 6 a of the motor 6, and rotates at high speed in the stirrer 2 by driving the motor 6. 7 is a DC power supply for supplying electric power for rotating the motor 6. The liquid introduced into the stirrer 2 is stirred by the high-speed rotation of the stirring blade 5, discharged as a stirring flow, and introduced into the emulsifier 3.

[0032] The emulsifier 3 is formed of a ceramic molded body having fine pores. The ceramic molded body is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical body based on basalt, iron ore, zeolite, clay, etc., and after being formed into a bottomed cylindrical body, it is unglazed or pre-sintered. As a result, it has a porous state. The pores formed in the ceramic molded body preferably have a diameter of 1.0 to 5. Ozm and a porosity of 70% or more. The emulsifier 3 has a liquid inlet from the stirrer 2 by connecting one inlet 3a to the outlet 2b of the stirrer 2. Accept the body. Since the liquid introduced into the emulsifier 3 is a stirring flow based on the rotation of the stirring blade 5, it moves through the pores while being pushed within the pores of the ceramic molded body. During the movement in the pores, the liquid is further mixed and emulsified to become emulsion, and then finely divided, and then discharged to the outside of the ceramic molded body through the pores.

The circulation container 4 is provided so as to wrap the outside of the stirrer 2 and the emulsifier 3, and guides the emulsifier discharged from the emulsifier 3 to enter the stirrer 2 again. Therefore, in this production apparatus 1, the emulsified emulsion is circulated through the stirrer 2 and the emulsifier 3 a plurality of times, and the emulsification further proceeds and fine particles are formed by this circulation. The emulsion fuel circulated a predetermined number of times is taken out from the discharge port 13 provided on the downstream side of the emulsifier 3 in the circulation container 4 and supplied to a combustor such as an engine.

In FIG. 1, 8 is an inlet for petroleum-based liquid fuel such as gasoline, 9 is an inlet for water, 10 is an inlet for additives A and B, and is provided on the opposite side of the circulation vessel 4 from the emulsifier 3. It has been. In addition, a partition plate 11 is provided to hang down at a portion of the circulation vessel 4 facing the inlet 2a of the stirrer 2. This partition plate 11 is smoothly introduced into the agitator 2 without collision between the flow of the petroleum-based liquid fuel, water, and additives A and B before emulsification and the flow of the emulsion obtained by the emulsifier 3. Is for.

Next, a procedure for producing gasoline emulsion fuel using the production apparatus 1 described above will be described. The motor 6 can be used with an output of 67W and is driven by a DC voltage of about 12V. By driving this motor 6, the stirring blade 5 rotates at a high speed of 1750 i "pm. Due to the high speed rotation of the stirring blade 5, a fluid pressure of 0.18 Kpa is generated in the stirrer 2. In the circulation container 4, the liquid flows at a flow rate of 13.7 liters / minute.

[0036] 25 parts by weight of polyoxy fatty acid ester, 10 parts by weight of IPA, 1.5 parts by weight of hydrophilic petrolatum, and 65 parts by weight of an alkali solution consisting of calcium hydroxide are mixed to make 100 parts by weight as a whole. Make A. On the other hand, 2.5 parts by weight of the trade name “Lipolane” and 10 parts by weight of alkaline water are mixed to produce 100 parts by weight of additive B as a whole. Furthermore, tap water is used as water, and tourmaline ore is immersed in this tap water and left for a while to make the tap water into fine particles. [0037] The blending ratio of the emulsion fuel is 50% by weight of commercially available gasoline, 40% by weight of finely divided water, 6% by weight of Additive A, and 4% by weight of Additive B. Adjust to produce liter emulsion fuel.

FIG. 2 shows a timing chart for producing emulsion fuel by the production apparatus 1 of FIG. First, at time T1, the motor 6 is driven by the power source 7, and the stirring blade 5 is rotated at high speed. In this state, an amount of gasoline equivalent to 50% by weight is introduced into the circulation container 4 from the inlet 8. At time T2 following time T1, finely divided water is introduced into the circulation container 4 from the inlet 9 so that the amount corresponds to 40% by weight. Thereafter, at time T3, an amount of additive A equivalent to 6% by weight is introduced into the circulation vessel 4 from the inlet 10. Since these introduced liquids move along the stirring flow, they enter the emulsifier 3 from the stirrer 2 and are emulsified and finely divided when passing through the pores of the emulsifier 3.

[0039] At time T4 following time T3, an amount of additive B corresponding to 4% by weight is introduced into the circulation container 4 from the inlet 10. As a result, all the raw materials are introduced into the circulation container 4. All the raw materials are stirred by the high-speed rotation of the stirring blade 5 and then introduced into the emulsifier 3, passing through the pores of the ceramic molded body, emulsified and finely divided when passing through the pores, and the emulsion fuel. It becomes. Further, after the emulsion fuel escapes from the pores of the ceramic molded body, it flows in the reverse direction in the circulation container 4 and is stirred again in the stirrer 2, and then passes through the pores in the emulsifier 3 and again. Emulsification and micronization are performed. By performing the above circulation at least three times, it is possible to produce a stable W / O type emulsion fuel with a particle size of 1 μm or less.

[0040] In the emulsion fuel manufactured as described above, heat loss with good heat exchange efficiency can be reduced, and the combustion gas is completely burned, so that the generation amount of NOx and SOx is suppressed. It can be used as an emulsion fuel that uses gasoline as a raw material. Further, since the amount of fuel such as gasoline used is small, the amount of the surfactant is also reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, because it is a stable finely divided W / O type emulsion, it can be stored for a long time without oil-water separation for more than one year. In addition, it can be ignited from the beginning of engine start, and can be used as fuel from the beginning instead of gasoline. The

[0041] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the production apparatus 1 of the present invention is incorporated in an existing gasoline engine in an automobile. In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes a water tank, which is filled with tourmaline 22 so that the water can be atomized. In this case, instead of tourmaline, zeolite, barley stone, ion exchange resin, wisdom precious stone, or activated carbon may be used. 23 is a tank for additive A, and 24 is a tank for additive B. These tanks are connected to the flow sensors 25, 26, and 27, respectively, and connected to the flow sensors 25, 26, and 27 pumps 28, 29, and 30, respectively.

[0042] The pump 28 of the water tank is connected to the inlet 9 of the manufacturing apparatus 1, and the pumps 29 and 30 of the tank 23 of additive A and the tank 24 of the additive B are connected to inlet 10 of the manufacturing apparatus 1. . 31 is an on-vehicle fuel tank which is connected to the inlet 8 of the manufacturing apparatus 1 via the adjustment valve 32. The manufacturing apparatus 1 is connected to the gasoline engine 35 via the carburetor 34, and supplies the produced emulsion fuel to the gasoline engine 35 via the carburetor 34.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 3, pumps 28, 29, 30 and the manufacturing apparatus 1 are connected to the controller 45, and the supply amount of water, additives A and B, and the rotation speed of the motor in the manufacturing apparatus 1 are used. It is controlled according to the amount of gasoline used. In this way, when the production apparatus 1 is connected to an on-vehicle gasoline engine, it is possible to produce an optimal emulsion fuel tailored to each individual vehicle, and to supply the produced emulsion fuel to the engine. Therefore, it is possible to carry out specifications that match the car.

Example

[0044] (Example 1)

One liter of additive solution A was prepared by mixing 25% by weight of polyoxy fatty acid ester, 810% by weight, 1.5% by weight of hydrophilic petrolatum and 63.5% by weight of alkaline water made of calcium hydroxide solution. In addition, 1 liter of additive B was prepared by mixing 2.5% by weight of a surfactant having the trade name “Lipolane” with alkaline water having a calcium hydroxide solution. Furthermore, 450 g of tonomarin marine ore was immersed in 1 liter of tap water to produce water that was microparticulated.

[0045] Gasoline is supplied to the production apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the above water, additives A and B are supplied at the timing shown in FIG. 2, and the emulsion fuel is circulated three times in the production apparatus 1. Produced.

The consumption was compared using this emulsion fuel and commercial gasoline. The engine used was Yanmar's “R488”, with a displacement of 113 cc. After 1 hour of operation, the first consumption is 189 cc for commercial gasoline and 199 cc for the emulsion fuel in this example, and the second consumption is 200 cc for the commercial gasoline, The third consumption was 199cc for commercial gasoline and 200cc for the emulsion fuel of this example. As a result, it was found that the amount of the emulsion fuel of this example was comparable to that of commercially available gasoline.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] Petroleum-based liquid fuel 20 to 70% by weight, water 5 to 70% by weight, surfactant:! To 10% by weight, alkaline water 3 to 15% by weight, liquid alcohol 0.05 to 0.5% % And oil agent 0.03 to 0.3% by weight as the main component and emulsified W / O type emulsion emulsified by passing through the pores of the ceramic molded body.

[2] The emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the petroleum liquid fuel is gasoline.

[3] The emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant.

[4] Claims: comprising the stirrer for supplying the liquid described in! To 3 and generating a stirring flow for the supplied liquid, and a ceramic molded body having fine pores, from the stirrer An emulsifier that generates emulsion by supplying the supplied liquid and passing through the pores, and a circulation path that circulates the liquid between the emulsifier and the stirrer. Emulsion fuel manufacturing equipment.

[5] For a petroleum-based liquid fuel that includes an agitation step for generating a liquid agitation flow and an emulsification step for emulsifying the liquid by passing through the pores of the ceramic molded body. After supplying water, the additive A mainly composed of nonionic surfactant, liquid alcohol, oil agent and alkaline water is supplied, and then the additive mainly composed of anionic surfactant and alkaline water. A method for producing an emulsion fuel, wherein B is supplied and the mixed solution is circulated a plurality of times between the stirring step and the emulsifying step.

6. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 5, wherein the water is supplied after being atomized.