WO2008000119A1 - Procédé de communication pour antennes multiples adaptatives et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé de communication pour antennes multiples adaptatives et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008000119A1
WO2008000119A1 PCT/CN2006/003769 CN2006003769W WO2008000119A1 WO 2008000119 A1 WO2008000119 A1 WO 2008000119A1 CN 2006003769 W CN2006003769 W CN 2006003769W WO 2008000119 A1 WO2008000119 A1 WO 2008000119A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
space
unit
time
matrix
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PCT/CN2006/003769
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Yanwen Wang
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Zte Corporation
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Publication of WO2008000119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008000119A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0656—Cyclotomic systems, e.g. Bell Labs Layered Space-Time [BLAST]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0675—Space-time coding characterised by the signaling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an adaptive multi-antenna communication method and apparatus based on spatial channel characteristics.
  • BACKGROUND In order to meet the requirements of future communication, it is necessary to continuously improve the system capacity and frequency utilization of wireless transmission. Therefore, the pursuit of the highest possible spectrum utilization has become a challenging issue.
  • Multi-antenna technology has been around for a long time. Many cellular systems have adopted multiple antennas, such as the Personal Handy-phone System (PHS) and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple.
  • PHS Personal Handy-phone System
  • Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple.
  • TD-SCDMA Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
  • MBWA Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
  • MIMO Multiple-input Multiple-Output
  • the system is a space division multiplexing system that decomposes a single data stream into multiple sub-data streams by serial-to-parallel conversion, each sub-data stream is independently encoded/modulated, and At the receiving end, the data is also received by multiple antennas, and then the V-BLAST algorithm is used to detect the data stream sent by each antenna, and then the parallel data is converted to recover the original data stream.
  • the data rate increases with the number of transmit and receive antennas of the BLAST system, and the channel capacity provided can approach the theoretical upper limit. It should be noted that the MIMO wireless channel in the V-BLAST structure is always assumed to be flat fading.
  • V-BLAST the number of transmitting antennas in the V-BLAST structure cannot be unrealistically increased, it relies solely on V_BLAST.
  • the spatial domain demultiplexing operation in the structure will not maintain the flat fading of the MIMO wireless channel, ie the MIMO wireless channel will inevitably have frequency selectivity.
  • the flat fading V -BLAST The structure will be difficult to use.
  • the V-BLAST algorithm is greatly affected by the channel correlation. After the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.6, the error performance of the system deteriorates drastically.
  • the correlation coefficient of the channel is determined by many factors, such as the physical parameters of the transmitting and receiving antennas, the distance between the antennas, the distribution of the spatial scatterers, and the like. Therefore, the channel is often relevant in practical applications, which also limits the application of the V-BLAST structure to some extent.
  • the beamforming technique is used to determine the direction of arrival of the useful signal, and the appropriate main combining weight is used to form the main beam of the antenna in this direction, and at the same time reduce the direction of the gain sidelobe or the 4 bar zero-spot alignment interference signal.
  • the desired user's received signal power can be maximized while minimizing or even zeroing the undesired users outside the narrow beam illumination range.
  • the current multi-antenna technology research results show that there is no multi-antenna technology that can achieve higher transmission rate and better communication quality under the condition of strong channel spatial correlation and weak channel spatial correlation.
  • MIMO technology Due to the use of transmit diversity and receive diversity, MIMO technology can achieve high channel capacity and better performance when the channel spatial correlation is weak, especially when the channels are independent of each other. With the increase of channel spatial correlation, MIMO communication The bit error rate increases and the data transmission rate decreases.
  • smart antennas use adaptive beamforming technology to make the beam direction point to the signal direction and suppress interference in other directions. Therefore, the spatial correlation in the channel is strong, especially in the case of line of sight, which tends to be the best algorithm.
  • Frequency-Division Multiplexing X (hereinafter referred to as OFDM) technology introduces limitations such as V-BLAST structure, vacancy or demultiplexing operation.
  • OFDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing X
  • limitations such as V-BLAST structure, vacancy or demultiplexing operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing multi-antenna transmission mode that it is difficult to continuously perform high-rate, high-quality communication in the case of channel spatial correlation change, and an adaptive multi-antenna communication device and method are proposed to solve the problem.
  • the use of a single multi-antenna system architecture cannot cope with the problems of various complex communication environments.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive multi-antenna communication method, which is characterized in that channel classification is performed according to a correlation matrix of an array received signal and a correlation matrix characteristic of a transmitted signal, and different modulations are selected for different types of channels.
  • the method and the space-time processing manner include the following steps: Step 1: Generate measurement information of the channel quality by using the channel estimation of the receiving end, and give the signal-to-noise ratio (hereinafter referred to as SNR) of the link At the same time, a channel matrix R H reflecting the channel characteristic value is given; the channel matrix contains the channel response relationship between each pair of transmitting and receiving antennas; Step 2: the link SNR obtained by the above step 1 and the channel reflecting the channel characteristic value The matrix performs feedback; Step 3: # Represents the channel matrix R H reflecting the channel eigenvalues, estimates the condition number Cd of the channel matrix, and compares Cd with the threshold values c0, cl; according to the condition number of the spatial correlation matrix of the channel The range of the interval, and then the channel classification; Step 4: According to the result of the channel classification determined in step 3, select the above The same modulation scheme and space-time processing mode; Step 5: modulation scheme according to the channel classification result and the selected space-time treatment.
  • SNR signal
  • R H E[H l] H] where H represents the conjugate transpose; the spatial correlation matrix of the channel is completed according to the following formula
  • the clothing shows the Kronecker product
  • R RX represents the spatial correlation matrix at the transmitting end
  • R TX represents the spatial correlation matrix of the transmitting end
  • the classification method is as follows: If the condition number Cd ⁇ c0 of the spatial correlation matrix belongs to the uncorrelated fading channel, the channel coefficient is an independent and identically distributed random complex Gaussian random variable, and the correlation between the channel coefficients is weak; for example, the condition number cO of the spatial correlation matrix ⁇ Cd ⁇ cl, which belongs to the semi-correlated fading channel.
  • the scatterer is located in the far field of the receiving end and the transmitting end, and the multi-input and output channels are fully correlated channels.
  • the method of the mode and the space-time processing mode is: for the uncorrelated fading channel, the corresponding space-time coding mode is selected as the V-BLAST unit; for the semi-correlated fading channel, only one of the transmission channel correlation matrix and the reception channel correlation matrix is In the case of a unit matrix, it is also necessary to examine the value of the SNR reflecting the channel quality information: For a higher SNR, such as a normalized SNR of 1 to 10, the channel quality increases as the SNR increases, and when SNR>5, the selection is empty. Time grid coding mode; when SNR ⁇ 5, select multi-antenna V-BLAST unit mode; for fully correlated fading channel, when the transmit channel correlation matrix and the receive channel correlation matrix are non-unit arrays, select adaptive beamforming mode .
  • An adaptive multi-antenna communication device comprising: a transmitting end and a receiving end: the transmitting end comprises: a space-time processing mode selecting unit, a V-BLAST unit, a space-time trellis coding unit, an adaptive beam forming unit, a transmitting antenna Array unit; according to the channel state information fed back by the channel estimation of the receiving end, the transmitting data is sent to the V-BLAST unit or the space-time trellis coding unit or the adaptive beam forming unit by adaptive selection after the space-time processing mode selection unit And then channel coding, the modulation is sent by the transmitting antenna array unit; the receiving end comprises: a receiving antenna array unit, a space time receiving unit, a channel state information unit; and transmitting the array information received by the receiving antenna array unit to the space-time receiving unit, After demodulation, the estimated output data is decoded, and the channel state information of the channel estimation of the receiving end is fed back to the transmitting end.
  • the invention improves the limitation of the application environment of the single multi-antenna processing method, expands the application range of the multi-antenna system to the communication environment, and can adapt to different communication environments such as line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight; and the system structure based on software radio Compared with the conventional multi-antenna system, it does not require a large hardware cost, which greatly improves the performance-price ratio of the multi-antenna system.
  • the invention adopts a multi-antenna system implementation method based on spatial feature recognition, and has many advantages compared with the existing single multi-antenna processing method.
  • the single multi-antenna transmission mode has a decrease in the data transmission rate due to the change of the channel space characteristics, and the communication quantity is reduced.
  • Different signal transmission modes are adopted for different channel conditions, so that the spatial correlation characteristics in the channel are obtained. In the case of change, communication can maintain a higher transmission rate and better communication quality, thereby making the multi-antenna system more widely adaptable.
  • adaptive communication methods and modulation based on spatial channel characteristics The code selection method uses the condition number of the spatial correlation matrix of the channel as the switching basis of the transmission mode, and can sensitively reflect the channel change, thereby ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the transmission mode switching, and the method switching is simple, the calculation is fast, and the method is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a device of the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a V-BLAST space-time transmission and reception structure
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Detection and channel classification flow chart is a relationship diagram of the spatial channel correlation matrix condition number corresponding to the number of operations N in the wireless communication environment
  • Figure 5 (b) is the spatial channel correlation matrix condition number corresponding to the wireless communication environment and Distribution probability relationship diagram.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the method of the present invention.
  • the space-time processing selecting unit T101 transmits the data to the space-time processing mode selection unit according to the channel state information CSI R102 value, and then adaptively selects the V-BLAST T102, the space-time network code STTC T103, the adaptive beamforming T104, and the like.
  • the space-time processing mode after channel coding, modulation, etc., is finally sent by the transmitting antenna array unit T105.1-T105.M; at the receiving end, the receiving antenna array unit R103.1-R103.N transmits the received array information.
  • the receiving space processing unit R101 is demodulated, decoded, etc. to obtain estimated output data.
  • channel information of the channel state information CSI R102 of the receiving end (including signal to noise ratio, The output of the channel correlation matrix, etc.) is fed back to the transmitter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a V-BLAST space-time mode transmit and receive structure diagram.
  • the transmitting end performs mapping processing using the output of the channel coding unit T201 (Reed Solomon) (hereinafter referred to as RS) code, etc., and the mapping unit T202 implements the conversion of the bit group to the signal constellation point according to the mapping scheme, which may be adopted.
  • RS channel coding unit
  • Gray-mapped m-quadrature Amplitude Modulation (hereafter referred to as m-QAM) (including: Binary Phase Shift Keying (hereinafter referred to as BPSK), Orthogonal Reversal Key (Quarature Phase Shift Keying) (hereinafter referred to as QPS10, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, etc.).
  • BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
  • QPS10 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 16-QAM 16-QAM
  • 64-QAM 64-QAM, etc.
  • V-BLAST space-time coding unit T203 is used to decompose a single data stream into multiple sub-data streams by serial-to-parallel conversion.
  • the sub-data streams are respectively subjected to multiple access modulation units T204.1-T204.M, and simultaneously transmitted from multiple transmit antenna arrays T205.1-T205.M.
  • any receiving antenna R200.1-R205.N The received signals are superpositions of signals transmitted by multiple transmit antenna arrays T205.1-T205.M. Assuming that the channels between the pairs of transmit and receive antennas are independent of each other, these transmitted signals have experienced The same channel fading.
  • the receiver performs frequency offset estimation on the received signal through the channel estimation unit R201.10-R201.N0, and after obtaining the correct sampled data and carrier frequency, the multiple access demodulation unit R201.ll-R201.N1
  • the received data is parallel-serial converted, and then the result is sent to the V-BLAST decoding unit R202 for detection processing, and then sent to the inverse mapping unit R203 for symbol inverse mapping, and finally the channel is decoded by the channel R204, and the original data is estimated.
  • the working mode of the multi-antenna system is determined according to the characteristics of the correlation matrix of the channel.
  • the V-BLAST method is adopted or the space-time trellis coding method is adopted, or the beamforming method is adopted, and detailed steps are given in the subsequent sections.
  • Figure 3 there is shown a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • the communication transmission mode corresponding to the spatial features can be arbitrarily adjusted to maximize the possible matching of the current transmission environment.
  • the channel situation is very complicated.
  • using a single multi-antenna communication method makes it in various environments. It has good performance and is difficult to implement. Therefore, by analyzing the characteristics of the communication channel, in the adaptive multi-antenna system, the corresponding suitable communication transmission mode is selected, so that the multi-antenna system has wider adaptability.
  • Step 31 receiving channel estimation.
  • Channel quality measurement information is generated by channel estimation, and is generally given in the form of a total signal to noise ratio SNR of the link.
  • a channel matrix reflecting the channel characteristic values is provided, and the channel matrix includes a channel response relationship between each pair of the transmitting and receiving antennas.
  • Step 32 feedback of communication channel state information.
  • the total signal-to-noise ratio SNR of the link with the channel estimation feedback of the receiving end and the channel matrix reflecting the channel characteristic value are obtained, and the modulation mode is selected according to the SNR, and the system space-time processing mode is determined according to the channel matrix.
  • Step 33 The communication channel environment feature implements selection of a modulation mode and a space time processing mode.
  • Step 34 According to the information of step 33, select the modulation mode and the space-time processing mode according to the channel characteristics in real time; for the channel type 1, that is, the condition number Cd ⁇ the threshold c0, the transmit channel correlation matrix and the receive channel correlation matrix are both In the case of a unit array, the system can obtain a relatively large diversity order. It is assumed that there are M transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas in the system, and there are a total of available wireless links in the system. If all of these links are independent, then the order space diversity gain can be obtained.
  • the channel model can be thought of as consisting of L (L is the order of the channel pulses) flat independent channels.
  • the MIMO system can be regarded as M transmit antennas and NxL root virtual receive antennas, and the diversity gain obtained by the system is MxNxL order.
  • the corresponding space time coding mode is selected as V-BLAST.
  • channel type 2 that is, the condition number cO ⁇ Cd ⁇ cl, when only one of the transmit channel correlation matrix and the receive channel correlation matrix is a unit matrix, it is also necessary to simultaneously consider the value of the SNR reflecting the channel quality information:
  • the SNR such as the normalized SNR is 1 to 10, and the channel quality increases as the SNR increases.
  • Step 35 is implemented in a multi-antenna V-BLAST space-time manner or a space-time trellis coding method or an adaptive beamforming method.
  • the specific implementation methods of these several methods are well known in the related art and will not be described in detail herein. According to the space-time processing method determined by the above steps, the corresponding modulation and coding are performed.
  • Step 36, end. 4 is a flow chart of wireless communication environment detection and channel identification.
  • Step 41 to give spatial channel spatial correlation matrix ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the channel impulse response is: Wl ⁇ AM _ where /7 bay represents the channel response between the nth transmit antenna and the mth receive antenna.
  • the above channel matrix is re-described as
  • R H E[H H H] where H represents the conjugate transpose.
  • the correlation between the receiving antennas does not depend on the transmitting antenna, and vice versa. That is, only adjacent antenna environments produce correlations between array elements and no effect on array elements at the other end of the link.
  • the inter-correlation property is represented by K Tx and K Rx , and the correlation coefficient between different antenna signals can be defined as
  • ⁇ and 2 represent the signals of the two antennas
  • ⁇ '> represents the time average, that is, the average of a certain sample over a certain time range
  • R H R /ix ® R rx where the symbol ® represents the Kronecker product.
  • Step 43 Determine and classify the channel according to the parameters. And discriminating the interval range 44 in which the condition number of the spatial correlation matrix of the channel is; according to the above discriminating result, different channel types 1 44.1, channel type 2 44.2, and channel type 3 44.3 are obtained.
  • Channel type 1 44.1 uncorrelated fading channel, condition number Cd ⁇ c0 of spatial correlation matrix, and channel coefficient are independent and identically distributed random complex Gaussian random variables.
  • Channel type 2 44.2 Semi-correlated fading channel, cO ⁇ Cd ⁇ cl , at this time there is only a large number of scatterers in the near-end or the near-end near-field and the other end has a small angular spread or a line-of-sight component. This situation may occur in the environment of a city macro cell where the base station antenna is sufficiently high and there are a large number of buildings around the mobile station.
  • Channel type 3 44.3 Fully correlated fading channel, Cd ⁇ cl, where the scatterer is located at the far end of the terminating and transmitting ends, and the MIMO channel is the fully correlated channel.
  • the condition number reflects whether the channel matrix is singular. Since the channel is randomly generated, there may be a case where the condition number is large, which may correspond to the deep fading of the channel, resulting in a singularity of the channel matrix.
  • Figure 5 is the relationship between the number of spatial channel correlation matrix conditions corresponding to the wireless communication environment and the number of N runs.
  • Figure 5 (b) is a spatial channel correlation matrix condition number corresponding to the wireless communication environment and its distribution probability map.
  • the above processing process is also easily applied to the processing of other noisy environments, and the array form is not limited to a uniform linear array, and other forms of arrays such as non-uniform linear arrays, circular arrays, and arc arrays can be easily extended.
  • the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the claims of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de communication et un dispositif pour antennes multiples adaptatives, caractérisés par une classification du canal en fonction des caractéristiques présentes sur la matrice relative d'un réseau d'antennes et la matrice relative du signal d'émission, et la sélection subséquente des différents modes de modulation et de traitement spatio-temporel pour différents types de canaux. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: le terminal récepteur évalue les canaux, renvoie des informations sur l'état des canaux, évalue et identifie les caractéristiques de l'environnement des canaux de communication, sélectionne les modes de modulation et les modes de traitement spatio-temporel à partir de ces caractéristiques des canaux, applique différents types de traitements aux antennes multiples, ces traitements étant choisis parmi le codage VBLAST (vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time coding), le codage spatio-temporel en treillis, ou une mise en forme du faisceau. Le dispositif décrit comprend une unité de sélection de mode de traitement, une unité de codage VBLAST, une unité de codage spatio-temporel en treillis, une unité de mise en forme adaptative du faisceau, un réseau d'antennes émettrices, un réseau d'antennes réceptrices, une unité de réception à traitement spatio-temporel, et une unité d'informations sur l'état des canaux. Ce dispositif et ce procédé permettent d'élargir le champ de l'environnement de communications pour des systèmes à antennes multiples, et d'améliorer le rendement.
PCT/CN2006/003769 2006-06-20 2006-12-30 Procédé de communication pour antennes multiples adaptatives et dispositif correspondant WO2008000119A1 (fr)

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CN2006100867483A CN101094021B (zh) 2006-06-20 2006-06-20 一种自适应多天线通信方法和装置
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