WO2007145290A1 - 振動子、これを用いた共振器およびこれを用いた電気機械フィルタ - Google Patents
振動子、これを用いた共振器およびこれを用いた電気機械フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007145290A1 WO2007145290A1 PCT/JP2007/062033 JP2007062033W WO2007145290A1 WO 2007145290 A1 WO2007145290 A1 WO 2007145290A1 JP 2007062033 W JP2007062033 W JP 2007062033W WO 2007145290 A1 WO2007145290 A1 WO 2007145290A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/24—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive
- H03H9/2405—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive of microelectro-mechanical resonators
- H03H9/2447—Beam resonators
- H03H9/2463—Clamped-clamped beam resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/0072—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks of microelectro-mechanical resonators or networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02244—Details of microelectro-mechanical resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/24—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive
- H03H9/2405—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive of microelectro-mechanical resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02244—Details of microelectro-mechanical resonators
- H03H2009/02283—Vibrating means
- H03H2009/02291—Beams
- H03H2009/02314—Beams forming part of a transistor structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02244—Details of microelectro-mechanical resonators
- H03H2009/02488—Vibration modes
- H03H2009/02519—Torsional
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/05—Holders; Supports
- H03H9/10—Mounting in enclosures
- H03H9/1057—Mounting in enclosures for microelectro-mechanical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/24—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive
- H03H9/2405—Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive of microelectro-mechanical resonators
- H03H9/2447—Beam resonators
- H03H9/2457—Clamped-free beam resonators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibrator, a resonator using the same, and an electromechanical filter using the same, and more particularly to realizing a high-performance filter circuit in an electric circuit integrated with high density.
- a vibrator a resonator using the same
- an electromechanical filter using the same
- FIG. 33 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a mechanical vibration filter using flexural vibration proposed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- This filter is formed by patterning on a silicon substrate using a thin film process, and is arranged with an input line 104, an output line 105, and a gap of 1 micron or less for each line. It is composed of doubly supported beams 101 and 102 and a connecting beam 103 connecting the two beams.
- the signal input from the input line 104 is capacitively coupled to the beam 101 and generates an electrostatic force in the beam 101. Mechanical vibration is excited only when the frequency of the signal coincides with the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the elastic structure that also includes the beams 101 and 102 and the coupling beam 103 force, and this mechanical vibration is further reduced between the output line 105 and the beam 102. By detecting this as a change in capacitance, the filtering output of the input signal is extracted.
- the resonance frequency f of the flexural vibration is as follows.
- the resonance frequency can be increased by reducing the size of the mechanical vibrator.
- the mechanical Q value decreases, and the Q value necessary to obtain the desired frequency selection characteristic may not be obtained.
- FIG. 35 shows a double-supported beam structure shown in Non-Patent Document 2 that is manufactured by applying force to the SOI layer of a silicon substrate 204 that constitutes an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate.
- the beam is made to vibrate by removing the BOX (Buried Oxide) layer 203 below the SOI layer with hydrofluoric acid, and the BOX layer below the support part 205 is also removed. Vulnerable.
- the vibration of the support portion 205 cannot be ignored, the resonance frequency of the both-end supported beam is lowered, and vibration energy is dissipated from the support portion, so that it is difficult to obtain a large Q value.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses an example in which the brittleness of the support portion 205 is improved by making the thickness of the support portion 205 sufficiently thicker than the thickness of the vibrator 201 constituting the beam.
- FIG. 36 shows the structure in the vicinity of the support portion 205 of the double-supported beam shown in Non-Patent Document 3.
- the thickness of the support portion 205 is the thickness of the silicon substrate 204, and the thickness of the beam is sufficiently thin relative to the thickness of the silicon substrate. Therefore, the support portion 205 has a strong structure.
- the support structure is not axially symmetric with respect to the length direction of the beam, the support portion 205 becomes weaker as the support portion on one side (for example, the A side) retreats in the beam length direction.
- the A side and A ′ side of the support part 205 are formed by two separate lithography and dry etching, it is necessary to combine the lithography twice with high accuracy in order to reduce the recession on one side. This matching process is The size becomes very difficult as the force becomes as fine as nm.
- FIG. 37 is a view showing a cross section of the vibrator and substrate of FIG. As shown in (a), since there is an opening between the vibrator and the substrate, there is an opening even if the electrode 202 close to the side surface of the vibrator 201 is formed by a thin film formation technique such as sputtering. In this case, the electrode cannot be anchored to the substrate, or the electrode thickness in the vicinity of the opening becomes extremely thin as shown in (b), and a strong electrode structure cannot be formed.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Silicon substrate surface force There is a technique in which boron is diffused, the back surface force of the silicon substrate is anisotropically etched, and the diffusion layer of boron is used as an etching stop layer for anisotropic etching (Non-Patent Document 4). ). If the boron diffusion region is made into a beam shape, a beam-shaped vibrator can be formed as shown in Fig. 38. Since there is no opening on the substrate surface before anisotropic etching, electrodes can be formed on the substrate surface. However, since the effect of the etching stop varies depending on the uneven diffusion of boron, it is difficult to obtain a beam shape having a predetermined dimension, and it is extremely difficult to obtain a desired value for the resonance frequency. Also, since the surface of the resonator is not flat, loss of vibration energy due to surface roughness occurs and the Q value is lowered.
- FIG. 39 (a) shows a resonator composed of a vibrator made of aluminum.
- the vibrator 201 has a double-supported beam structure, and both ends are supported by support portions 205.
- Excitation electrodes 202a and detection electrodes 202b are disposed on both side surfaces of the vibrator 201 via a gap.
- the vibrator 201 performs flexural vibration in the direction attracted in the direction of the excitation electrode 202a, and the resonance frequency is 35.5 MHz.
- Figure 39 (b) shows a configuration in which a plurality of resonators in (a) are electrically connected in parallel to reduce impedance.
- FIG. 40 (a) shows the impedance when the number N of resonators electrically connected in parallel is 1, 10, and 100.
- the individual resonators are made with extremely high dimensional accuracy, so the variation in resonance frequency is almost zero. As shown in the figure, as the number N is increased, the impedance can be reduced without changing the resonance characteristics.
- Fig. 40 (b) shows the impedance when the resonance frequency of each resonator has variation (standard deviation 0.3MHz). If there is variation, the peak at the resonance frequency becomes smaller as the number of resonators N is increased to 10, 100, making it difficult to construct an excellent resonator.
- the resonance frequency of the doubly-supported beam is governed by the length and thickness of the beam in flexural vibration, and the length of the beam in torsional vibration.
- the length and thickness of the beam are controlled by using the torsional resonance. In this case, beam length management is important.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Frank D. Bannon III, John R. Clark, and Clark T.- C. Nguyen, “High-Q HF Microelectromechanical Filters,” IEEE Journal of Solid—State Circuits, Vol. 35, No .4, pp.512- 526, April 2000.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Vincent Agache et al., "CHARACTERIZATION OF VERTICAL VIBRA TION OF ELECTROSTATICALLY ACTUATED RESONATORS USING ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE IN NONCONTACT MODE", Proc. Of IEEE TRANSDUCERS '05, pp.2023— 2026
- Non-Patent Document 3 A. Tixier-Mita et al., "SINGLE CRYSTAL NANO-RESONATORS AT 100 MHz FABRICATED BY ASIMPLE BATCH PROCESS", Proc. Of IEEE TRANSD UCERS'05, pp.1388— 1391
- Non-Patent Document 4 Chang-Jin Kim et al., “Silicon-Processed Overhanging Microgripper, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol.1, No.l, 1992, pp.31—36
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vibrator and a resonator having a high Q value in which the dissipation of vibration energy in the vibration of the vibrator is small.
- the resonator of the resonator according to the present invention is such that the thickness of the support portion of the beam-structure resonator is larger than the thickness of the resonator, and the support portion extends in the length direction of the beam. To be axisymmetric.
- the vibrator is made of a single crystal material, and the vibrator surface is made a crystal plane.
- the loss of vibration energy caused by the surface roughness of the vibrator surface can be reduced, so that a resonator having a high Q value can be provided.
- the surface roughness is rough, the number of atoms (surface layer of the oscillator) that are not ordered is increased compared to the atoms (the deep layer of the oscillator) that are arranged in order.
- the surface layer atoms are different from the deep layer atoms in terms of the movement restraint, so they interfere with the movement of the deep layer atoms that oscillate in an orderly and coordinated manner, resulting in vibration. It becomes an energy loss factor.
- the resonator according to the present invention is supported at least at one end by the support portion within the cavity formed on the back surface of the single crystal substrate and the thickness between the bottom surface of the cavity and the surface of the single crystal substrate.
- the vibrator is formed so that the thickness of the vibrator is thinner than that of the support portion and the support portion is axisymmetric with respect to the length direction of the beam.
- the resonator of the present invention includes a single crystal substrate, a cavity formed on the back surface of the single crystal substrate, and a thickness between the bottom surface of the cavity and the surface of the single crystal substrate. Therefore, a beam-type vibrator formed to support at least one end and an electrode for applying an electrostatic force to the beam-type vibrator, and the thickness of the vibrator It is characterized in that it is thinner than the holding part and the support part is formed to be axially symmetric with respect to the length direction of the beam.
- the support portion that is thicker than the thickness of the beam-type vibrator and to make the support portion axially symmetric with respect to the length direction of the beam. Therefore, the support portion can have a strong structure. It is also possible to improve the vibration characteristics while improving the supportability.
- by anisotropically etching a single crystal substrate pattern formation can be performed with good controllability, and at the same time, a vibrator of single crystal material can be obtained. The vibration energy loss in can also be reduced.
- all the surfaces of the vibrator are crystal faces, there is an effect of reducing vibration energy loss due to the surface roughness.
- the resonator according to the present invention includes a resonator in which a plurality of beam-shaped vibrators are formed within the thickness between the bottom surface of the same cavity and the surface of the single crystal substrate.
- the single crystal substrate may be a silicon substrate.
- the resonator can be manufactured by the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
- the resonator can be integrated with another active element on the same silicon substrate.
- the single crystal substrate may include an SOI layer of an SOI substrate.
- a vibrator can be formed from a thin SOI layer on the order of micrometers or nanometers, so that a beam-type vibrator having a resonance point in an extremely small UHF band can be formed. .
- the resonator of the present invention includes a resonator in which the cross-sectional shape of the beam-type vibrator is a triangle or trapezoid surrounded by crystal planes of ⁇ 100 ⁇ and ⁇ 111 ⁇ .
- This configuration makes it easy to form a beam-type vibrator using an etching solution having crystal anisotropy. Can be formed.
- the electrode is opposed to the entire region in the width direction of the side surface of the beam-type vibrator exposed on the surface of the single crystal substrate via a gap, Includes a capacitor formed between the resonator and the resonator.
- the flexural vibration mode of the beam-type vibrator can be excited by the electrostatic force generated between the electrode and the beam-type vibrator.
- the resonator of the present invention includes one in which the electric conductivity of the vibrator is asymmetric with respect to the torsional central axis in the beam longitudinal direction.
- a plurality of torsional vibrators having the same resonance frequency can be densely integrated, and the impedance can be reduced.
- the electrode is opposed to about half in the width direction of the side surface of the beam-shaped vibrator exposed on the surface of the single crystal substrate via a gap. Includes a capacitor formed between the mold and the resonator.
- the torsional vibration mode of the beam-type vibrator can be excited by the electrostatic force generated between the electrode and the beam-type vibrator.
- This gap is set so that the distance between the electrode and the vibrator can generate a predetermined electrostatic force. In other regions, there may be no opposing electrodes, and the distance from the vibrator becomes a predetermined value or more. , So that the electrostatic force is sufficiently smaller than other areas
- the size of the gap may be adjusted.
- the resonator according to the present invention includes one having a plurality of the electrodes according to the resonance mode order of the beam-type vibrator.
- the electrode may be fixed on the single crystal substrate thick film portion at the periphery of the cavity via an insulating film.
- the thickness of the substrate part to which the electrode is fixed is sufficiently thick with respect to the thickness of the beam and is strong, so that the electrode is affected by an external impact or an electrostatic force between the electrode and the vibrator.
- the amount of displacement of itself can be reduced.
- the beam-type vibrator is a doubly-supported beam
- the beam-type vibrator includes a support portion made of an impurity diffusion region of a reverse conductivity type, the beam-type vibrator is used as a channel, the support portion made of the impurity diffusion region is a source region and a drain region, and an amplifier is provided. Includes what constitutes.
- the resonance phenomenon of the vibrator can be electrically output via the amplifier, and the resonator is included inside the amplifier. Therefore, when the signal line between the resonator and the amplifier is provided. Noise superimposed on the signal line can be reduced.
- the resonator of the present invention includes a resonator including a plurality of resonators arranged in parallel electrically.
- the electrical impedance of the resonator can be further reduced, and a high degree of dimensional accuracy can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the characteristic variation and obtain a highly reliable resonator. It becomes.
- the resonator of the present invention includes the above-described resonator housed in a case whose atmosphere is sealed in a vacuum.
- the filter of the present invention includes a filter using the resonator.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a torsional resonator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 9 An explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing a torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 10 An explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing the torsional resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 11 An embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 Perspective view of resonator using second-order flexural vibration in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 Perspective view of MOS transistor including a torsional resonator in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the structure of FIG.
- FIG. 25 An explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a torsional resonator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- ⁇ 26 An explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a torsional resonator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- ⁇ 27 An embodiment of the present invention 7 ⁇ 28] An explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a torsional resonator in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- ⁇ 29 An explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a torsional resonator in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- [30] Cross-sectional view showing a modification of the resonator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing a modification of the resonator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing another modified example of the resonator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a filter using a conventional mechanical resonator.
- FIG. 34 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between mechanical resonator dimensions and higher frequency in the conventional example.
- FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional mechanical resonator using an SOI substrate.
- FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional mechanical resonator support using a silicon substrate.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a state where electrodes are formed on a conventional mechanical resonator using a silicon substrate.
- FIG. 39 (a) A diagram showing an example of a single resonator made of aluminum, (b) A diagram showing a configuration in which a plurality of resonators are electrically connected in parallel.
- FIG. 40 (a) Diagram showing the relationship between the number of parallel connections and impedance when there is no variation in resonance frequency, (b) Diagram showing the relationship between the number of parallel connections and impedance when there is variation in resonance frequency Figure
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of relevant parts of the resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of AA ′ in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of BB ′ in FIG.
- the resonator according to the first embodiment includes a beam-type vibrator 1 that performs torsional vibration, and an electrode 2 that is disposed close to the side surface of the beam-type vibrator 1 via a gap 6.
- a cavity 7 is formed on the back surface of the single crystal silicon substrate 4, and the vibrator 1 is processed with the same material as the substrate 4 above the cavity. Since a vibrator is formed by processing a single crystal silicon substrate, the support and vibrator are made of the same single crystal material, and vibration energy at the crystal grain interface as seen in a vibrator made of polycrystalline material. Since there is no loss, a vibrator with a high Q value can be obtained.
- Both ends of the vibrator 1 are fixed to the support portion 5.
- the thickness of the support portion 5 matches the thickness of the substrate 4 and is thicker than the thickness of the vibrator 1. Therefore, the support part is stronger than when the thickness of the support part is the same as the thickness of the vibrator, and even if the vibrator 1 vibrates, the support part is not easily vibrated. Vibration of the vibrator 1 leaks to the support part. This reduces the amount of vibration energy dissipated. Also, since the vicinity of the connecting portion between the support portion 205 and the vibrator 201 is symmetric with respect to the length B-B 'of the vibrator 1, the support portion as shown in FIG. Since one of 205 does not retract in the length direction of the beam, the support part has a stronger structure.
- the electrode 2 is formed of a polycrystalline silicon film. As shown in Fig. 2, the electrode 2 is opposed to about half of the width of the side surface of the beam-type vibrator 1 through the gap 6, and forms a capacitance with the beam-type vibrator 1. is doing. This is because the electrostatic force effectively gives a torsional rotational moment when an electrostatic force is applied between the opposing surfaces to cause the vibrator to vibrate.
- FIGS. 4 to 13 (a) is a view of the main part from above the substrate, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of (a) (C—C ′ is omitted in FIGS. 5 to 13). did).
- Substrate 4 is a single crystal silicon substrate, with the front and back surfaces of the substrate being ⁇ 100 ⁇ planes, and the surface visible in cross section being ⁇ 110 ⁇ Surface.
- An oxide silicon film is formed on the surface of the substrate (downward in the figure).
- a silicon nitride film is formed on the back surface of the substrate, and a rectangular window is formed in the silicon nitride film. The four sides of this window are formed along the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane.
- a silicon nitride film 8 is deposited again on the back surface of the substrate 4 to form a rectangular window in the silicon nitride film 8. At this time, one side of the window is formed so as to cross the cavity 7 and along the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and (b).
- the electrode 2 is deposited on the silicon oxide film 3 and patterned on the surface of the silicon substrate 4.
- a polycrystalline silicon film formed by CVD chemical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- This pattern is formed so that the electrode 2 faces the beam side face up to about half of the beam width. This is effective when the beam-type vibrator 1 is used as a torsional vibrator. This is because the torsional momentum is applied to vibrator 1 by the electrostatic force between vibrator 1 and electrode 2. This is for the purpose of effectively operating the event.
- silicon oxide film 3 is removed. This can be removed using, for example, hydrofluoric acid.
- FIG. 13 is equivalent to the configuration of FIGS.
- Non-special literature 5 G. Hashiguchi and H. Mimura, Fabrication of; silicon quantum Wires
- the support portion 5 of the beam-type vibrator 1 whose thickness is larger than the thickness of the beam can be strengthened. it can. Also, since the vicinity of the connecting part between the support and the vibrator is symmetrical about the length B-B 'in the length direction of the vibrator 1, one of the support parts is a beam as shown in Fig. 36 of the conventional example. Never retreat in the length direction! Therefore, the support part has a stronger structure. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the amount of vibration of the vibrator 1 leaking to the support portion, and a resonator having a high Q value can be configured.
- the beam-type vibrator 1 is made of the same single crystal material as that of the substrate 4, there is no vibration energy loss at the crystal grain interface as seen in the vibrator of the polycrystalline material.
- a resonator having a value can be constructed.
- the side surface of the beam-type vibrator 1 is composed of a silicon crystal surface, the surface properties are extremely smooth, loss of vibration energy due to surface roughness is reduced, and high Q A resonator having a value can be constructed.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 4 to 13 can form a structure having a thickness exceeding the limit of the patterning width in the semiconductor process, a fine structure having a resonance frequency in the range of several hundred MHz to several GHz.
- This is a manufacturing method useful for manufacturing a beam-type vibrator. For example, if the length of the beam is 1.6 m, a vibrator having a torsional resonance frequency of 1.2 GHz can be provided.
- TMAH Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide
- EDP a mixture of ethylenediamine, pyroterol, and water
- the cross section of the beam-type vibrator 1 is a triangle, it may be a trapezoid.
- a method of manufacturing a resonator having this trapezoidal vibrator will be described as a second embodiment of the present invention.
- a vibrator having a trapezoidal cross section can be formed by similarly producing FIGS. 4 to 6 and changing the subsequent steps as shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and (b).
- 14 (a) and 14 (b) a silicon nitride film is deposited on the back surface (upper side in the figure) of the substrate 4, and two rectangular windows are formed in the silicon nitride film.
- a linear silicon nitride film 8 having a certain width is formed so as to cross the cavity 7 and along the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane.
- anisotropic etching of silicon is performed using KOH, a trapezoidal cross-section doubly supported vibrator can be formed as shown in Figs. 15 (a) and 15 (b).
- FIGS. 16 (a) and (b) show the state in which the silicon nitride film is removed
- FIG. 17 shows the polycrystalline silicon electrode 2 on the silicon oxide film 3 on the surface of the silicon substrate 4 (downward in the figure).
- This pattern is formed so that electrode 2 faces up to about half the beam width, which is the electrostatic force between vibrator 1 and electrode 2.
- a torsional resonator is applied to the vibrator 1 and this structure can constitute a torsional resonator, and finally the silicon oxide film is removed (Fig. 18).
- a gap 6 is formed between the vibrator 1 and the electrode 2 so that the vibrator 1 can be vibrated.
- this resonator may be housed in a case whose atmosphere is sealed in a vacuum.
- the silicon substrate 4 is bonded to the silicon base 11 via an adhesive layer 10 such as an adhesive.
- the resonator is contained in the recesses of the silicon base 11 and the glass cap 9, and the silicon base 11 and the glass cap 9 are joined by anodic bonding while vacuuming the inside.
- a flexural resonator can also be constructed by changing the configuration of the electrodes of the torsional resonator shown in FIGS. Figure 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the flexural resonator.
- the electrode 2 is opposed across the entire width direction of the side surface of the vibrator 1 through a gap to form a capacitor. With this configuration, the vibrator 1 can be given an electrostatic force by which the vibrator 1 bends and vibrates in the thickness direction of the substrate.
- FIG. 21 shows a configuration in which the number of electrodes 2 of the torsional resonator shown in FIG. 1 is two. Electrodes 2a and 2b are positioned at the site where the excitation force is applied to the two antinodes of the second-order torsion mode and its vicinity in order to excite the second-order torsional vibration of the beam. In other words, the electrodes 2a and 2b and the beam side face each other at a site that is about half the length of the beam and about half the beam width.
- FIG. 22 shows the resonator of FIG. 1 in which two electrodes are newly provided on the support portions 5 at both ends of the vibrator 1.
- the electrode on the vibrator 1 is a gate electrode 22, one on the support 5 is a drain electrode 23, and the other is a source electrode 24.
- FIG. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG.
- the substrate 4 and the vibrator 1 are N-type semiconductors, and the drain region 26 having p + diffusion region force is formed on the substrate under the drain electrode 24, and the source region 25 having P + diffusion region force is formed on the substrate under the source electrode 23. It has been.
- the entire resonator is a p-channel MOS transistor, and the oxide film of the MOS structure is replaced with the gap 6 to allow the vibrator 1 to vibrate.
- the vibrator 1 receives an electrostatic force between the vibrator 22 and the torsional vibration with a large amplitude near the resonance frequency, modulates the formation of the channel in the vibrator 1, and obtains a drain current associated therewith.
- it is possible to reduce the size of the device compared to the case where the resonator and the amplifier are manufactured separately and connected by wiring. It is possible to reduce the superposition of loss and noise caused by wiring.
- the material of the substrate 4 is silicon.
- a semiconductor material such as SiGe is used for IJ.
- the electrical impedance of the resonators can be reduced, and the consistency between the signal circuit outside the resonators and the electrical impedance of the resonators can be improved. it can.
- the vibrator of the present embodiment is formed by the force of SOI (Silicon
- the resonator may be formed by covering the SOI layer of the On Insulator substrate.
- Some SOI substrates have a thin SOI layer with a micrometer or nanometer order, so when forming a beam-type vibrator that has a resonance point in a very thin and short UHF band. Can be used.
- Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described.
- a plurality of forces that form one vibrator on the bottom of the cavity can be formed simultaneously.
- a perspective view when two vibrators are formed is shown in FIG.
- Electrodes 2a and 2b are arranged with a gap for each transducer.
- both the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed so that the electrodes are opposed to the vibrator up to about half of the width direction of the beam-type vibrator, and the torsional vibration is effectively excited.
- the resonator can be formed in the same manner up to the steps of FIGS. 4 to 6, and the subsequent steps can be changed as shown in FIG.
- a silicon nitride film is deposited on the back surface (upper in the figure) of the substrate 4, and two rectangular windows are formed in the silicon nitride film.
- a certain width A linear silicon nitride film is formed so as to cross the cavity and along the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane.
- anisotropic etching of silicon is performed using KOH, the result is as shown in Figs. 26 (a) and (b).
- LOCOS is formed on the backside of substrate 4 where silicon is exposed ( Figures 27 (a) and (b)), the silicon nitride film is removed ( Figures 28 (a) and (b)), and LOCOS is masked.
- anisotropic etching of silicon is again performed using KOH, two beam-type vibrators with triangular cross sections can be formed side by side as shown in (Fig. 29).
- the two beam-type vibrators having these at the end faces are accurate. It becomes the same length.
- the resonance frequency of the two beam-type vibrators is the same.
- the resonance frequency of flexural vibration depends on the length and thickness of the beam, but in particular, the resonance frequency of torsional vibration has a very small thickness dependence compared to the length dependence, so this configuration has multiple identical torsional resonance frequencies. This is an effective means for forming a vibrator having a gap.
- the impedance can be lowered by connecting a plurality of pairs of transducers and electrodes having the same resonance frequency in parallel as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 30 shows a configuration in the case where more vibrators having the same resonance frequency are formed.
- Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing the cross section of the beam. The feature here is that it forms the first cavity C1.
- the vibrator forming method shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 and FIGS. 25 to 29 is performed on the bottom surface of the first cavity C1.
- the first cavity C 1 and the second cavity C 2 are formed on the substrate 4, and a plurality of vibrators are formed between the bottom surface of the second cavity C 2 and the surface of the substrate 4. According to this configuration, a plurality of vibrators having the same length can be formed, and at the same time, the electrode 2 is firmly fixed.
- the thickness Z0 between the bottom surface of the first cavity and the surface of the substrate 4 can be made sufficiently thicker than the thickness Z1 of the beam, so that the electrode 2 can be formed at a strong site on the substrate. .
- the amount of displacement of the electrode itself due to an external impact or an electrostatic force between the electrode and the vibrator can be reduced.
- FIG. 31 shows another configuration of a low impedance resonator using a torsional vibration mode as an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is similar to FIG. 24 in the force formed by forming a plurality of vibrators on the bottom surface of the first cavity.
- the difference from the low impedance resonator of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. The electrode 2 is formed so as to face the entire width direction, not up to about half of the width direction of the vibrator.
- the electrical characteristics of a part of the vibrator facing the electrode 2 are made different from those of the other parts so that the electrostatic force is substantially larger in part of the electrode 2 than in the other parts. It is characterized by that.
- an impurity diffusion region Id is formed only in a part of the vibrator facing the electrode 2, and a large electrostatic force is generated in the region where the impurity diffusion region Id and the electrode 2 face each other. It is constructed so that can be generated. Therefore, the electrode 2 patterning as shown in FIG. 24 is unnecessary. In addition, since the thickness ZO part for supporting the electrode 2 in FIG. 30 is not required, the vibrators are integrated with higher density.
- Fig. 32 shows an example of a manufacturing process that makes the conductivity asymmetry.
- Fig. 32 (a) is an explanatory diagram for creating a beam having a trapezoidal cross section described in the second embodiment. The force is almost the same as in Fig. 14.
- the number of patterns of silicon nitride film masks formed on the bottom surface of the cavity is plural. It is said. When anisotropic etching is performed on the bottom surface of the cavity, the result is as shown in Fig. 32.
- impurity ions of one conductivity type such as phosphorus are implanted into the exposed silicon surface, and annealing is performed to form an impurity diffusion region (FIG. 32 (c)).
- impurity diffusion region SOG (spin on glass) or ion implantation may be used as the diffusion source.
- a protective film of silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon surface where the impurities are diffused, the silicon nitride film is removed, and anisotropic etching is performed again, as shown in Fig. 32 (d), the conductivity is asymmetric. A triangular cross-section beam is formed.
- FIG. 32 (d) is an enlarged view.
- FIG. 32 (e) When the electrode 2 is formed on the silicon oxide film 3 (below the silicon oxide film in the figure) and the silicon oxide film 3 is removed with hydrofluoric acid, the structure shown in FIG. 32 (e), ie, FIG. Using the torsional vibration mode shown, a low impedance resonator is obtained. Applying a voltage between the transducer and the electrode will cause an asymmetry in the conductivity of the transducer. Thus, as shown in FIG. 32 (e), a voltage is applied between the electrode and the portion of the vibrator where the conductivity is high, that is, the impurity diffusion region, and an electrostatic force is generated, so that the impurity diffusion region is selectively Rotational excitation force (moment) is applied to the torsional vibration mode.
- the conductivity of the vibrator is partially changed by diffusing impurities of one conductivity type such as phosphorus.
- Torsional vibration can also be generated by insulating a part.
- the region into which oxygen ions are implanted is insulated and becomes a region in which electrostatic force is unlikely to be generated, so that a rotational excitation force (moment) is applied to the region where oxygen ions are not implanted.
- the torsional vibration mode can be excited.
- a resonator according to the present invention is such that an extremely fine structure that can be manufactured by a semiconductor process is excited mainly by an electrostatic force, and particularly for a beam-type vibrator.
- a resonator having a high Q value with reduced vibration energy dissipation is provided.
- This resonator is useful as a high-density integrated high-frequency filter circuit mounted on a portable wireless terminal. It can also be applied to medical and environmental applications such as spectrum analysis in the voice band and ultrasonic band, and mass analysis by mechanical resonance.
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2008521256A JP5225840B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | 振動子、これを用いた共振器およびこれを用いた電気機械フィルタ |
US12/304,602 US8026779B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | Vibrator, resonator using the same and electromechanical filter using the same |
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JP2011053646A (ja) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-03-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 光偏向器、光偏向器の製造方法および画像表示装置 |
US11195984B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2021-12-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transformer |
US11233190B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2022-01-25 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transformer |
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WO2017057137A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 水晶片及び水晶振動子 |
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JP2001094062A (ja) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-04-06 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | 集積回路加工処理と両立する単結晶共振装置の製造方法 |
JP3694028B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-16 | 2005-09-14 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | 一体化共振マイクロビームセンサ及びトランジスタ発振器 |
WO2006075717A1 (ja) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-20 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 捩り共振器およびこれを用いたフィルタ |
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JP3919616B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-05 | 2007-05-30 | キヤノン株式会社 | マイクロ構造体及びその製造方法 |
CN1977452B (zh) * | 2004-08-05 | 2011-12-14 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 扭转谐振器和采用其的滤波器 |
JP2006074650A (ja) * | 2004-09-06 | 2006-03-16 | Seiko Epson Corp | レゾネータの振動周波数調整方法、レゾネータ |
US7579618B2 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2009-08-25 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Carbon nanotube resonator transistor and method of making same |
CN101223692B (zh) * | 2005-09-27 | 2012-05-09 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 共振器及使用其的滤波器 |
JP4961219B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-31 | 2012-06-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | パラメトリック共振器およびこれを用いたフィルタ |
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- 2007-06-14 JP JP2008521256A patent/JP5225840B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-14 US US12/304,602 patent/US8026779B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-14 CN CNA2007800222876A patent/CN101467348A/zh active Pending
- 2007-06-14 WO PCT/JP2007/062033 patent/WO2007145290A1/ja active Search and Examination
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JP2011053646A (ja) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-03-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 光偏向器、光偏向器の製造方法および画像表示装置 |
US11195984B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2021-12-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transformer |
US11233190B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2022-01-25 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transformer |
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US8026779B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
CN101467348A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
JP5225840B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
US20090195330A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
JPWO2007145290A1 (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
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