WO2007141604A2 - Blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes - Google Patents

Blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007141604A2
WO2007141604A2 PCT/IB2007/000825 IB2007000825W WO2007141604A2 WO 2007141604 A2 WO2007141604 A2 WO 2007141604A2 IB 2007000825 W IB2007000825 W IB 2007000825W WO 2007141604 A2 WO2007141604 A2 WO 2007141604A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blasthole
blasting method
proximal
distal
explosive charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/000825
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007141604A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Andreas Lamos
August Wilhelm Lamos
Original Assignee
Richard Andreas Lamos
August Wilhelm Lamos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Richard Andreas Lamos, August Wilhelm Lamos filed Critical Richard Andreas Lamos
Publication of WO2007141604A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007141604A2/en
Publication of WO2007141604A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007141604A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes.
  • explosives are used extensively to fragment and dislodge rock. Explosive charges together with detonators and initiation systems are placed inside a plurality of blastholes. The powder factor is chosen to match the strength of the rock to be broken as well as the fragmentation distribution that is required. The charged-up blasthole is often stemmed and closed off at its collar end so as to confine the blasting gases for a few milliseconds longer in the blasthole subsequent to the explosive detonation.
  • a detonation Shockwave travels along the explosive column at supersonic speeds. Following this Shockwave is a gas pressure wave.
  • the gas pressure wave is responsible for the heaving of the fragmented rock burden into the open adjacent excavation, but in confined tabular stoping and tunneling also causes excavation-peripheral rock damage outside the planned blasting area, thus causing unwanted waste rock to be produced, as well as danger to personnel and equipment from possible rockfalls from this damaged peripheral zone.
  • the blasthole having a distal portion and a proximal portion (with respect to the blasthole collar as a reference point), the distal portion having a diameter of less than the diameter of the proximal portion thus forming a narrowing between said portions; charging the distal portion with a distal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; inserting a barrier plug into the blasthole to abut the narrowing; charging the proximal portion of the blasthole with the proximal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; sequentially initiating the proximal explosive charge and distal explosive charge thus breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the proximal portion of the blasthole followed by breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the distal portion of the blasthole.
  • At least one intermediate blasthole portion between the proximal and distal portions the or each intermediate portion having a diameter intermediate to the diameters of adjacent portions and charging the or each intermediate blasthole portion with an intermediate explosive charge, detonator and initiator and sequentially initiating the or each intermediate explosive charge from the proximal to the distal ends of the blasthole.
  • the narrowing between the adjacent blasthole portions is further provided for the narrowing between the adjacent blasthole portions to be a step which may be bevelled or radiused.
  • the explosive charges to be initiated by detonators connected to electrical impulse generators, detonating tubes, detonating cords or gunpowder operated fuses, and for the detonators to be initiated sequentially.
  • barrier plug to function to prevent transmission of a blast shock wave from one explosive charge to another thus preventing premature initiation of charges on the distal side of the plug.
  • barrier plug to be fabricated to facilitate its safe removal and consequent safe drawing of a misfired explosive charge.
  • barrier plug to be fabricated with a slot or groove inside the plug or on its outer edge to facilitate insertion of the distal initiating fuse, cable, detonating cord or detonating tube and allowing these to pass from the proximal to the distal portions of the borehole.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional side view of an internally stepped blasthole
  • Figure 2 is a sectional side view of the blasthole of Figure 1 located with two discrete sets of explosive charges, detonators and initiation wires (alternatively these wires can be fuses, detonating cords or detonating tubes) and the associated barrier device which separates the sets of charges and accessories.
  • the blasthole is conventionally stemmed at the collar end.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional side view of a sequential blasting of the blasthole of Figure 2.
  • a blasthole (1) has a proximal end (2) opening into a wall (3) of a rockmass (4) and a blind or closed distal end (5).
  • the blasthole has a diameter restriction in the form of a radial step (6) approximately midway along the length of the blasthole (1). Apart from the diameter restricted portion (6) the blasthole (1) is approximately cylindrical along its length.
  • a first or distal detonator (9) with its initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (12) is inserted into the distal portion of the blasthole (5).
  • a distal explosive charge (7) is then inserted into the distal portion of the blasthole (5) to embed the detonator (9).
  • a barrier plug (10) is inserted into the downhole end of the proximal (2) portion of the blasthole (1) to positively locate against the diameter restricted portion (6) or narrowing.
  • the initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube of the detonator is led through or inside a fuse slot or tube (13) in the barrier plug.
  • a second or proximal detonator (14) with a separate initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (15) is then inserted in the proximal portion of the blasthole (2) and a proximal explosive charge (8) is inserted into the proximal portion of the blasthole (1) to embed the proximal detonator (14), abutting the barrier plug (10) although in an upwardly drilled hole an air gap may be formed between this charge and the barrier plug.
  • a conventional stemming device (11) may be used to seal off the proximal (2) end of the borehole.
  • FIG 3 the sequence of events in a rock blasting operation, according to the invention, is shown.
  • an initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front is transmitted down or inside the initiating fuses or electrical cables or detonating cords or detonating tubes (15 and 12).
  • the timing of the initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front traveling down or inside the distal initiating fuse or electrical cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (12) is controlled so that its initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front is beyond the barrier device (10), in the distal portion of the blasthole, before the initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front of the initiating fuses or electrical cables or detonating cords or detonating tubes (15) of the proximal portion of the blasthole reaches the proximal detonator (14).
  • the proximal detonator initiates the proximal charge (8).
  • the Shockwave and gas pressure wave resulting from the proximal charge detonation (8) exerts pressure on the barrier plug (10) in the proximal portion of the blasthole (1) and drives the barrier plug tightly against the diameter restricted blasthole portion (6) and blasthole wall (1).
  • the pressure then causes the rockmass (4) to heave outward and away from the restricted blasthole portion (6) whilst also breaking off and fracturing a portion of the barrier plug (10).
  • the distal explosive charge (7) is initiated by its own initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front which by now has reached the distal detonator (9).
  • the Shockwave and gas pressure resulting from the distal explosive charge detonation then causes the rockmass (4) shown in Figure 3d to heave outward and away from the distal blasthole end (5).
  • the multiple sequential blasting with barrier devices in blastholes having portions of differing diameters will allow longer blastholes to be drilled and charged up per working shift whilst minimizing excavation- peripheral rock damage, increasing operational safety, producing a more evenly distributed and easier to remove blastrock muckpile, minimizing excessive fines in rock fragmentation, increase labour and operational efficiencies, increase the rate of rock breakage and decrease the operational cost per ton of rock blasted and treated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for breaking and heaving rock using blastholes modified in their diameter combined with a multiple sequential blasting method. The method includes drilling at least one blasthole having a distal end with a diameter less than the diameter of its proximal end into a rock to be broken and heaved, charging the distal end with a detonator, initiators and explosive charge, inserting the barrier plug, and subsequently charging the proximal end with a detonator, initiators and explosive charge, and then initiating and detonating the charges in a proximal to distal sequence to break and heave the rock.

Description

BLASTING METHOD FOR CONTROLLED MULTIPLE SEQUENTIAL BLASTS IN MULTI-DIAMETER BLASTHOLES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
In blasting operations explosives are used extensively to fragment and dislodge rock. Explosive charges together with detonators and initiation systems are placed inside a plurality of blastholes. The powder factor is chosen to match the strength of the rock to be broken as well as the fragmentation distribution that is required. The charged-up blasthole is often stemmed and closed off at its collar end so as to confine the blasting gases for a few milliseconds longer in the blasthole subsequent to the explosive detonation.
Once the explosive is initiated a detonation Shockwave travels along the explosive column at supersonic speeds. Following this Shockwave is a gas pressure wave. The gas pressure wave is responsible for the heaving of the fragmented rock burden into the open adjacent excavation, but in confined tabular stoping and tunneling also causes excavation-peripheral rock damage outside the planned blasting area, thus causing unwanted waste rock to be produced, as well as danger to personnel and equipment from possible rockfalls from this damaged peripheral zone.
Additionally, when rock gets blasted and fragmented, the apparent volume of rock in the muckpile remaining immediately after the blast has is increased by a bulking factor and this appears in an apparent increase in volume. In confined underground tabular stopes the bulking factor limits the face advance that is achievable with conventional blasthole operations, as the resultant bulked muckpile after the blast makes access for equipment and personnel difficult and the broken rock removal takes longer than it should.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of this invention to provide a multiple sequential blasting method utilising multi-diameter blastholes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention there is provided a method where blastholes are modified in their diameter and combined with a multiple sequential blasting method comprising the following steps:
drilling at least one blasthole into a rockmass to be blasted, the blasthole having a distal portion and a proximal portion (with respect to the blasthole collar as a reference point), the distal portion having a diameter of less than the diameter of the proximal portion thus forming a narrowing between said portions; charging the distal portion with a distal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; inserting a barrier plug into the blasthole to abut the narrowing; charging the proximal portion of the blasthole with the proximal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; sequentially initiating the proximal explosive charge and distal explosive charge thus breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the proximal portion of the blasthole followed by breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the distal portion of the blasthole.
There is also provided for there to be at least one intermediate blasthole portion between the proximal and distal portions the or each intermediate portion having a diameter intermediate to the diameters of adjacent portions and charging the or each intermediate blasthole portion with an intermediate explosive charge, detonator and initiator and sequentially initiating the or each intermediate explosive charge from the proximal to the distal ends of the blasthole.
There is further provided for the narrowing between the adjacent blasthole portions to be a step which may be bevelled or radiused.
There is also provided for the explosive charges to be initiated by detonators connected to electrical impulse generators, detonating tubes, detonating cords or gunpowder operated fuses, and for the detonators to be initiated sequentially.
There is further provided for the barrier plug to function to prevent transmission of a blast shock wave from one explosive charge to another thus preventing premature initiation of charges on the distal side of the plug. There is further provided for the barrier plug to be fabricated to facilitate its safe removal and consequent safe drawing of a misfired explosive charge.
There is further provided for the barrier plug to be fabricated with a slot or groove inside the plug or on its outer edge to facilitate insertion of the distal initiating fuse, cable, detonating cord or detonating tube and allowing these to pass from the proximal to the distal portions of the borehole.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and additional features of the invention will be described below by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side view of an internally stepped blasthole;
Figure 2 is a sectional side view of the blasthole of Figure 1 located with two discrete sets of explosive charges, detonators and initiation wires (alternatively these wires can be fuses, detonating cords or detonating tubes) and the associated barrier device which separates the sets of charges and accessories. The blasthole is conventionally stemmed at the collar end.
Figure 3 is a sectional side view of a sequential blasting of the blasthole of Figure 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a blasthole (1) has a proximal end (2) opening into a wall (3) of a rockmass (4) and a blind or closed distal end (5). The blasthole has a diameter restriction in the form of a radial step (6) approximately midway along the length of the blasthole (1). Apart from the diameter restricted portion (6) the blasthole (1) is approximately cylindrical along its length. In use, a first or distal detonator (9) with its initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (12) is inserted into the distal portion of the blasthole (5). A distal explosive charge (7) is then inserted into the distal portion of the blasthole (5) to embed the detonator (9). Thereafter a barrier plug (10) is inserted into the downhole end of the proximal (2) portion of the blasthole (1) to positively locate against the diameter restricted portion (6) or narrowing. The initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube of the detonator is led through or inside a fuse slot or tube (13) in the barrier plug.
A second or proximal detonator (14) with a separate initiating fuse or cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (15) is then inserted in the proximal portion of the blasthole (2) and a proximal explosive charge (8) is inserted into the proximal portion of the blasthole (1) to embed the proximal detonator (14), abutting the barrier plug (10) although in an upwardly drilled hole an air gap may be formed between this charge and the barrier plug.
A conventional stemming device (11) may be used to seal off the proximal (2) end of the borehole.
Referring particularly to Figure 3, the sequence of events in a rock blasting operation, according to the invention, is shown. In Figure 3a or immediately preceding it an initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front is transmitted down or inside the initiating fuses or electrical cables or detonating cords or detonating tubes (15 and 12). The timing of the initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front traveling down or inside the distal initiating fuse or electrical cable or detonating cord or detonating tube (12) is controlled so that its initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front is beyond the barrier device (10), in the distal portion of the blasthole, before the initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front of the initiating fuses or electrical cables or detonating cords or detonating tubes (15) of the proximal portion of the blasthole reaches the proximal detonator (14).
The proximal detonator initiates the proximal charge (8).
The Shockwave and gas pressure wave resulting from the proximal charge detonation (8) exerts pressure on the barrier plug (10) in the proximal portion of the blasthole (1) and drives the barrier plug tightly against the diameter restricted blasthole portion (6) and blasthole wall (1). The pressure then causes the rockmass (4) to heave outward and away from the restricted blasthole portion (6) whilst also breaking off and fracturing a portion of the barrier plug (10).
After a suitably short but pre-determined time delay after the proximal explosive charge detonation, the distal explosive charge (7) is initiated by its own initiating electrical impulse or flame or initiating detonation front which by now has reached the distal detonator (9). The Shockwave and gas pressure resulting from the distal explosive charge detonation then causes the rockmass (4) shown in Figure 3d to heave outward and away from the distal blasthole end (5).
It is envisaged that the multiple sequential blasting with barrier devices in blastholes having portions of differing diameters will allow longer blastholes to be drilled and charged up per working shift whilst minimizing excavation- peripheral rock damage, increasing operational safety, producing a more evenly distributed and easier to remove blastrock muckpile, minimizing excessive fines in rock fragmentation, increase labour and operational efficiencies, increase the rate of rock breakage and decrease the operational cost per ton of rock blasted and treated.

Claims

1. A method where blastholes are modified in their diameter and combined with a multiple sequential blasting method characterised in that the method comprises the following steps: a. drilling at least one blasthole into a rockmass to be blasted, the blasthole having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the distal portion having a diameter of less than the diameter of the proximal portion thus forming a narrowing between said portions; b. charging the distal portion with a distal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; c. inserting a barrier plug into the blasthole to abut the narrowing; d. charging the proximal portion of the blasthole with the proximal explosive charge, detonator and initiator; e. sequentially initiating the proximal explosive charge and distal explosive charge thus breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the proximal portion of the blasthole followed by breaking and heaving rocks surrounding the distal portion of the blasthole.
2. A blasting method as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that there is at least one intermediate blasthole portion between the proximal and distal portions the or each intermediate portion having a diameter intermediate the diameters of adjacent portions.
3. A blasting method as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that the method includes the steps of charging the or each intermediate blasthole portion with an intermediate explosive charge, detonator and initiator and sequentially initiating the or each intermediate explosive charge after the more proximal charge but before the more distal charge.
4. A blasting method as claimed in claim 2 or in claim 3 characterised in that the narrowing between the adjacent blasthole portions is a step.
5. A blasting method as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the step is beveled.
6. A blasting method as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the step is radiused.
7. A blasting method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the explosive charges are initiated by detonators connected to electrical impulse generators.
8. A blasting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the explosive charges are initiated by detonators connected to detonating tubes.
9. A blasting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the explosive charges are initiated by detonators connected to detonating cords.
10. A blasting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the explosive charges are initiated by detonators connected to gunpowder based fuses.
11. A blasting method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 characterised in that the detonators are initiated sequentially.
12. A blasting method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the barrier plug functions to prevent transmission of a blast shock wave from a more proximally located explosive charge detonation to a more distally located unexploded charge, detonator or initiator, thus preventing premature initiation of these.
13. A blasting method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the barrier plug is fabricated to facilitate its safe removal and consequent safe drawing of a misfired explosive charge.
14. A blasting method substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
PCT/IB2007/000825 2006-03-31 2007-03-30 Blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes WO2007141604A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2006/02647 2006-03-31
ZA200602647 2006-03-31

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WO2007141604A3 WO2007141604A3 (en) 2008-02-28

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Cited By (9)

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WO2013151603A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-10-10 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Geologic fracturing method and resulting fractured geologic structure
CN105651127A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-08 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 Charge system for advance rock breaking of surface mine
US10246982B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-04-02 Triad National Security, Llc Casings for use in a system for fracturing rock within a bore
US10273792B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-04-30 Triad National Security, Llc Multi-stage geologic fracturing
US10294767B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-05-21 Triad National Security, Llc Fluid transport systems for use in a downhole explosive fracturing system
CN110779407A (en) * 2019-11-04 2020-02-11 上海隧道工程有限公司 Hole plugging device and method for high-pressure gas rock breaking of tunnel
CN111238327A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-06-05 白银有色集团股份有限公司 Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes
CN114894056A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-12 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 Presplitting blasting rapid charging device and charging method
CN115143852A (en) * 2022-08-08 2022-10-04 北京住总第一开发建设有限公司 Urban tunnel shock-absorbing blasting structure and construction method

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GB1503702A (en) * 1975-04-15 1978-03-15 Walker R Method of blasting
US5497829A (en) * 1993-11-17 1996-03-12 Foam Concepts, Inc. Expansion foam borehole plug and method
US6330860B1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-12-18 Dae Woo Kang Method of blasting using air tubes charged in a blasthole
US6435096B1 (en) * 1995-08-04 2002-08-20 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for controlled small-charge blasting by decoupled explosive

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US2812712A (en) * 1953-02-05 1957-11-12 Internat Trublast Stemming Cor Stemming of shot holes in blasting operations
GB1503702A (en) * 1975-04-15 1978-03-15 Walker R Method of blasting
US5497829A (en) * 1993-11-17 1996-03-12 Foam Concepts, Inc. Expansion foam borehole plug and method
US6435096B1 (en) * 1995-08-04 2002-08-20 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for controlled small-charge blasting by decoupled explosive
US6330860B1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-12-18 Dae Woo Kang Method of blasting using air tubes charged in a blasthole

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10184331B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2019-01-22 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Explosive assembly and method
US10436005B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2019-10-08 Triad National Security, Llc Detonation control
WO2013151603A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-10-10 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Geologic fracturing method and resulting fractured geologic structure
US9181790B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2015-11-10 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Detonation command and control
US9476685B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-10-25 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Detonation control
US9488456B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-11-08 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Geologic fracturing method and resulting fractured geologic structure
US9593924B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-03-14 Los Alamos National Security, Llc System for fracturing an underground geologic formation
US9835428B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-12-05 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Detonation command and control
US9354029B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-05-31 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Detonation command and control
US10329890B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2019-06-25 Triad National Security, Llc System for fracturing an underground geologic formation
US10294767B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-05-21 Triad National Security, Llc Fluid transport systems for use in a downhole explosive fracturing system
US10273792B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-04-30 Triad National Security, Llc Multi-stage geologic fracturing
US10246982B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2019-04-02 Triad National Security, Llc Casings for use in a system for fracturing rock within a bore
CN105651127A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-08 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 Charge system for advance rock breaking of surface mine
CN110779407A (en) * 2019-11-04 2020-02-11 上海隧道工程有限公司 Hole plugging device and method for high-pressure gas rock breaking of tunnel
CN111238327A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-06-05 白银有色集团股份有限公司 Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes
CN114894056A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-12 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 Presplitting blasting rapid charging device and charging method
CN115143852B (en) * 2022-08-08 2023-10-20 北京住总第一开发建设有限公司 Urban tunnel damping blasting structure and construction method
CN115143852A (en) * 2022-08-08 2022-10-04 北京住总第一开发建设有限公司 Urban tunnel shock-absorbing blasting structure and construction method

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ZA200702672B (en) 2008-05-28

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