WO2007134542A1 - Procédé et appareil d'envoi et de réception de signaux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'envoi et de réception de signaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007134542A1
WO2007134542A1 PCT/CN2007/001660 CN2007001660W WO2007134542A1 WO 2007134542 A1 WO2007134542 A1 WO 2007134542A1 CN 2007001660 W CN2007001660 W CN 2007001660W WO 2007134542 A1 WO2007134542 A1 WO 2007134542A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
sequence
module
coding
uninterleaved
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PCT/CN2007/001660
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bin Li
Meng Zhao
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2007134542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007134542A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/29Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
    • H03M13/2957Turbo codes and decoding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057Block codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0064Concatenated codes
    • H04L1/0066Parallel concatenated codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular, to a signal transceiving method and apparatus therefor.
  • Multi-carrier transmission Decomposes the data stream into a number of independent sub-data streams, each of which will have a much lower bit rate. Demodulating the corresponding subcarriers with low rate multi-state symbols formed at a low bit rate constitutes a transmission system in which a plurality of low rate symbols are transmitted in parallel.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • OFDM encodes data and transmits it in the frequency domain.
  • AM/FM Amplitude Modulation/Frequency Modulation
  • a single signal is transmitted at a single frequency at a time, and OFDM is simultaneously applied to a specially calculated orthogonal frequency. Send multiple high speed signals.
  • OFDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the traditional Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) technology divides the bandwidth into several subchannels, and uses the guard band to reduce interference. They simultaneously transmit data. OFDM systems require much less bandwidth than traditional FDM systems. Due to the use of interference-free orthogonal carrier technology, no guard bands are required between individual carriers. This makes the use of the available spectrum more efficient.
  • OFDM technology can dynamically allocate data on subchannels. For maximum data throughput, multi-carrier modulators can intelligently allocate more data to sub-channels with less noise.
  • OFDM encodes the data to be transmitted as frequency domain information, modulates it into a time domain signal, and transmits it on the channel, and performs inverse process demodulation at the receiving end.
  • the modulation and demodulation of the OFDM system can be replaced by Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), respectively.
  • IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
  • the frequency domain data symbols are transformed into time domain data symbols by an N-point IDFT operation, and after carrier modulation, are transmitted to the channel.
  • the received signal is coherently demodulated, and then the baseband signal is subjected to an N-point DFT operation to obtain a data symbol transmitted by the transmitting end.
  • IDFT/DFT can be implemented by Inverse Fast Fourier Transform ("IFFT”) and Fast Fourier Transform (“FFT”).
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • PDD Programmable Logic Device
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • MP microprocessors
  • OFDM systems easier to implement and become the most widely used multi-carrier transmission scheme.
  • the signal can be channel coded and then transmitted by OFDM.
  • Channel coding is an indispensable important technical means in digital communication systems and is widely used in communication systems. The main task of channel coding is to distinguish between paths and increase the reliability of communication.
  • the codes used are orthogonal codes, error correction codes, and the like.
  • the orthogonal code is a code whose main purpose is to distinguish the path, and the orthogonal code also has strong anti-interference ability.
  • a code whose number relationship between codewords and codewords is 0 is called an orthogonal code.
  • the most commonly used orthogonal codes are pseudo-random codes (such as m-sequence, L-sequence, Buck sequence, M-sequence, etc.) and Walsh functions. If the complement of an orthogonal signal set is also utilized, the number of available code groups will be doubled.
  • Such an orthogonal code is called a bi-orthogonal code.
  • Reed-Muller (renamed "RM") code is a short error correction code of a codeword.
  • the complement sequence is formed by the orthogonal sequence formed by the Hadamard code matrix, that is, in the orthogonal sequence. +, becomes "-1", "- 1, changed to +1", and another N sequences are obtained. Since the complementary sequences of the orthogonal sequences are also orthogonal, the orthogonal sequences and their complementary sequences are combined to form a bi-orthogonal sequence of length 2N. Since RM coding has strong error correction capability, it is widely used in digital communication systems.
  • the RM code can be repeated and transmitted.
  • the original signal is 10 bits
  • the RM code is 32 bits
  • the RM code is repeated once to 64 bits
  • the 64 bits are transmitted. Since there is more information to be sent, the chances of the receiver recovering the correct original signal from it increase accordingly.
  • the inventors have found that although the method of simply repeating the RM code is simple, the improvement of the error correction capability is very limited.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a signal transceiving method and apparatus thereof, so that the error correction capability of channel coding is improved, thereby enhancing the anti-interference capability of the communication system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a signal sending method, including the following steps: copying a signal to be transmitted into at least two channels, performing channel error correction coding on each signal, wherein at least one channel is performing the channel error correction. Interleaving is performed before encoding; each channel-corrected and encoded signal is transmitted to the receiving end.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a signal receiving method, including the steps of: receiving an uninterleaved code sequence signal and an interleaved code sequence signal from a transmitting end; and interleaving the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved
  • the coded sequence signal is subjected to joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation to obtain a sequence of information at the transmitting end.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a signal sending apparatus, including: a copying module, configured to copy a signal to be transmitted into at least two paths; at least one interleaving module, configured to interleave a signal; and at least two channel encoding modules,
  • the signal is used for channel error correction coding, and the transmitting module is configured to send a signal; the copy module copies the signal to be transmitted into at least two channels, and outputs at least one signal to the interleaving module, where the interleaving is performed.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a signal receiving apparatus, comprising: a receiving module, configured to receive a signal from a transmitting end; and a decoding module, configured to perform the received uninterleaved coded sequence signal and the interleaved coded sequence signal The joint maximum likelihood sequence is estimated to obtain the information sequence of the sender.
  • At the transmitting end at least the signal to be transmitted is copied as The two channels respectively perform channel error correction coding, wherein at least one of the signals is interleaved before performing channel error correction coding, and finally, each channel signal after channel error correction coding is sent to the receiving end.
  • a joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation is performed on the received uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal, thereby obtaining a message sequence of the sender. Since the error correction coding is performed by at least two channels, and at least one channel error correction coding is performed to encode the interleaved signal, the error correction capability of the channel coding is improved, thereby enhancing the anti-interference ability of the communication system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of interleaved dual RM coding according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a signal transmission according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a simulated error performance of an interleaved double RM code according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a signal receiving method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a signal transmitting and receiving apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of interleaved dual RM coding according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a signal transmission according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph
  • the transmitting end copies the signal to be transmitted into at least two channels, and performs channel error correction coding on each of the signals, wherein at least one of the signals is interleaved before performing channel error correction coding, and then The interleaved signal is subjected to channel error correction coding.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the interleaved dual RM coding in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmitting end performs orthogonal spreading and combining of the channel-coded signal of each channel and the pilot signal by orthogonal spreading codes, and scrambles the combined signal and sends the combined signal to the receiving end.
  • the receiving end performs a corresponding inverse operation on the received signal, and when decoding, finds the maximum likelihood sequence of the received encoded signal in the possible coding sequence of the transmitted signal, and outputs the sequence as a decoding result, thereby Get the signal being transmitted.
  • step 210 of FIG. 2 the transmitting end copies the signals to be transmitted in each channel into two paths. Specifically, referring to FIG. 3, for example, if there are 10 bit signals to be transmitted in channel 1 to channel N, the 10-bit signal to be transmitted in each channel is copied into two paths.
  • step 220 of FIG. 2 the transmitting end performs channel error correction coding after interleaving, and directly performs channel error correction coding on the other copied signal.
  • the signal after the interleaving and channel error correction coding is performed by the transmitting end is called an interleaved coded sequence signal
  • the signal which is not interleaved and directly subjected to channel error correction coding is called It is an uninterleaved code sequence signal.
  • the channel error correction coding performed on each channel signal includes, but is not limited to, an RM code.
  • a copied 10-bit signal is first interleaved, and then the interleaved 10-bit signal is subjected to channel error correction coding using an RM code. , output 32 coded bits.
  • the other 10-bit signal copied is directly subjected to channel error correction coding using the RM code, and 32 coded bits are output.
  • n 10
  • if p is 3 and c is 0, the interleaved manner of the copied 10-bit signal is ⁇ 4 7 10 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 ⁇ .
  • the simulated error performance curve of the interleaved dual RM coding scheme according to the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the abscissa is Eb/No (dB) (ratio of energy per bit energy to noise power spectral density), ordinate Is BER (bit error).
  • the parameters used are: (1) Gaussian additive white noise; (2) ideal channel estimation; (3) Binary Phase Shift Keying (Binary Phase Shift Keying) "BPSK”) Signal modulation method.
  • BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
  • the signal first obtains 32 coded bits through an RM encoder, repeats the 32 coded bits, and finally obtains 64 coded bits. It is not difficult to find from the comparison curve shown in the figure that the coding method of the present embodiment has stronger error correction capability and improves transmission reliability.
  • the transmitting end performs orthogonal spreading on the channel error-correction-coded signal of each channel and the pilot signal by orthogonal spreading codes, and combines the spread signals.
  • one 10-bit signal of each channel outputs 32 coded bits after being encoded, and the transmitter directly performs RM coding on one channel of each channel.
  • the output 32-bit signals are orthogonally spread using orthogonal frequency codes, such as a 16-bit long WALSH orthogonal code.
  • orthogonal frequency codes such as a 16-bit long WALSH orthogonal code.
  • Different channels use different, but orthogonal, spreading codes to ensure that the channels are orthogonal to each other to avoid mutual interference between users.
  • the spread spectrum of the spread spectrum code improves the anti-interference ability of the signal. Since the 16-bit long WALSH orthogonal spreading code is used, the spread signal in each channel is 32x16, that is, 512 bits, and the transmitting end combines the spread signals in each channel.
  • the transmitting end also uses a 16-bit long WALSH orthogonal code for the pilot signal, and combines the spread pilot signal with the spread spectrum signals of other channels, so that the receiving end adopts coherent demodulation. The reception quality is further improved.
  • the transmitting end performs the same operation for the 32 bit signals output by the RM encoding after the interleaving of the other of the respective channels.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the transmitting end will separately scramble the two combined 512 bits to distinguish different users, cells or fans. Area.
  • the spreading, combining, and scrambling processing is performed before the signal subjected to channel error correction coding (at least one of which is also interleaved) is transmitted, but the practical application is performed. This is not limited to this.
  • the spreading, merging, and scrambling can be regarded as a pre-transmission pre-processing.
  • the pre-transmission pre-processing has multiple implementations, which can be either spreading, merging, and scrambling, or just one of them. Or two, but also other existing multiple signal processing methods.
  • the transmitting end divides the scrambled signal into respective time-frequency blocks for transmitting, wherein the time-frequency block is composed of consecutive sub-carriers and consecutive symbols, for example, by consecutive 8 sub- The carrier consists of two consecutive symbols.
  • the time-frequency block is a two-dimensional block of time and frequency consisting of consecutive subcarriers and continuous symbols, each subcarrier and each symbol within a time-frequency block can be maintained in terms of frequency fading and time fading. Relatively stable, it can effectively resist the frequency selective fading and time selective fading inherent in OFDM systems.
  • the size of the time-frequency block depends on the interference situation in the environment. The time-frequency block must be small enough that for most of the time-frequency blocks, the internal sub-carriers and the individual symbols are substantially the same in degree of attenuation. If the interference in the environment changes more sharply in frequency, the span of the time-frequency block on the sub-carrier should be reduced.
  • the transmitting end separately divides the scrambled two 512 bit signals into a plurality of sub-blocks, and the size of each sub-block is the same as the length of one spreading code, that is, The scrambled 512 bit signals are chronologically divided into 32 sub-blocks such that each sub-block contains 16 bits corresponding to one WALSH code length, that is, one sub-block corresponds to one pre-spreading bit signal.
  • Each sub-block is sent by one of the time-frequency blocks, so that the receiving end can obtain a bit signal for each channel after receiving a time-frequency block, thereby improving the performance of the transmission. That is, if a time-frequency block consists of 8 consecutive subcarriers and 2 consecutive symbols, then 32 sub-blocks will be transmitted by 32 time-frequency blocks, sharing a total of 64 subcarriers and 8 symbols.
  • FIG. 5 A flowchart of a signal receiving method corresponding to the first embodiment of the signal transmitting method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • step 510 the receiving end receives a signal in a preset time-frequency block. For the specific example of the transmitting end shown in FIG.
  • the receiving end receives signals in time-frequency blocks carrying the two 512-bit signals, respectively. Then, proceeding to step 520, the receiving end descrambles the received two signals to distinguish different users, cells or sectors. Next, proceeding to step 530, the receiving end despreads the descrambled signal with a corresponding spreading code, and obtains a channel error-correction encoded signal in each channel by coherent demodulation. For the specific example of the transmitting end shown in FIG. 3, the receiving end despreads the descrambled two 512-bit signals by using a corresponding 16-bit long WALSH code, and each channel obtains channel 1 after coherent demodulation.
  • the channel-corrected-coded 32-bit signal of channel N that is, the 64-bit signal after channel error correction coding of channel 1 to channel N, respectively.
  • the receiving end performs channel error correction decoding on the signal output after despreading and coherent demodulation.
  • the signals obtained after the above-mentioned descrambling, despreading and coherent demodulation are the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal. Therefore, the channel error correction decoding of the signal mentioned in this step is essentially a joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation of the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal, and the information sequence of the sender is obtained.
  • the information sequence is output as a decoding result.
  • the specific pre-transmission pre-processing methods such as spreading, combining, and scrambling are optional. Therefore, the descrambling, despreading, and coherent demodulation at the receiving end are also Optional.
  • the transmitting end directly transmits the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal to the receiving end (the pre-processing of the coded sequence signal is not performed before transmission), the receiving end directly receives the signal.
  • the signal is an uninterleaved code sequence signal and an interleaved code sequence signal.
  • the receiver does not need to perform corresponding preprocessing on the received signal (such as descrambling, despreading, and coherent demodulation).
  • the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal can be directly obtained.
  • the transmitting end performs pre-transmission pre-transmission (such as spreading, combining, and scrambling) on the encoded sequence signal
  • the receiving end also needs to perform the received signal according to the specific pre-processing manner of the transmitting end.
  • Corresponding inverse process processing (referred to as receiving side preprocessing) can then obtain uninterleaved code sequence signals and interleaved code sequence signals.
  • the receiving end is encoded by the transmitting end, and each possible coding sequence of the transmitted signal (one possible coding sequence is an uninterleaved coding sequence corresponding to a candidate information sequence and the interleaved coding sequence)
  • the maximum likelihood sequence of the coded sequence signal (including the received uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal) output after despreading and correlation demodulation is found, and The sequence of information corresponding to the maximum likelihood sequence is translated as Code result output.
  • the maximum likelihood sequence is a sequence in which the Euclidean distance of the coded signal outputted by the despreading is the smallest in the possible coding sequence of the transmission signal, and the Euclidean distance is defined as:
  • t is the length of the received encoded signal
  • R is the received and parsed encoded sequence signal (including both the uninterleaved coded sequence signal and the interleaved coded sequence signal)
  • R ( ⁇ , r 2 , ...r t , )
  • C k is a possible coding sequence of a transmission signal (a coding sequence composed of an uninterleaved coding sequence corresponding to a candidate information sequence and an interleaved coding sequence)
  • C k ( c k , ! , c k , 2 , ...c k , t , ) , l ⁇ k ⁇ 2 n
  • n is the length of the transmitted signal.
  • the 10-bit original signal at the transmitting end may have 1024 possible information sequences (ie, there are 1024 candidate information sequences), and thus 1024 possible encoding sequences exist.
  • Each coding sequence uses the same interleaved dual RM coding method as the sender, with a length of 64 bits.
  • the receiving end performs channel error correction decoding on the 64 coded signals of the channel 1 to the channel N which are despread and coherently demodulated, respectively.
  • substantially R and C k each comprise two parts, one part is an uninterleaved coding sequence and the other part is an interleaved coding sequence.
  • the R includes ( ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 (1 ) , . . . , ⁇ , (1) ) and ( ⁇ (2 ⁇ 2 (2) , . . . , ⁇ 2) ), wherein, ( 2 ( ⁇ ) , ..., ⁇ ) is the received uninterleaved code sequence signal, ( ⁇ ( 2 ⁇ 2 ( 2 ), ... 2 )) is the received interleaved code sequence signal;
  • C k includes
  • t is the uninterleaved code sequence signal length or the interleaved code sequence signal length
  • W k is the information sequence
  • R is the received code sequence signal
  • R includes (r 1 ), ),. .. 1 ))
  • the information sequence W k corresponding to the smallest sum of the first Euclidean distance and the second Euclidean distance is selected as the The information sequence at the transmitting end is output as a decoding result. If the uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal are regarded as a common code sequence signal to search for the maximum likelihood sequence, the information sequence of the sender can be obtained by using equation (1).
  • a third coding sequence corresponding to each candidate information sequence W k may be first determined, where the third coding sequence is the uninterleaved first corresponding to W k a coding sequence consisting of a coding sequence and an interleaved second coding sequence; and then determining a Euclidean distance between each C k and the received uninterleaved coding sequence signal and the interleaved coding sequence signal; The W k corresponding to the smallest distance is used as the information sequence of the transmitting end, that is, the sequence is output as the decoding result.
  • the information sequence of the sender can be obtained by using equation (2).
  • the first coding sequence and the second coding sequence corresponding to each candidate information sequence W k may be first determined, where the first coding sequence is an uninterleaved coding sequence corresponding to W k , and the second The coded sequence is an interleaved code sequence corresponding to W k ; and then according to the first code sequence and the second code The code sequence determines a sum of a first Euclidean distance D1 and a second Euclidean distance D2 corresponding to each candidate information sequence W k , wherein the first Euclidean distance is the first coding sequence and the received uninterlaced coding a Euclidean distance between the sequence signals, the second Euclidean distance being an Euclidean distance between the second code sequence and the received interleaved code sequence signal; finally, selecting a
  • the receiving end Since part of the signal sent by the originating end is only subjected to channel error correction coding, and the other part is encoded by both interleaving and channel error correction, the receiving end adopts the formula (1) or the formula (2).
  • the receiving process essentially performs joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation on the received uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal, thereby obtaining a message sequence at the transmitting end. It is also because the transmitting end adopts interleaved multi-channel error correction coding processing, and the receiving end performs joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation on the received uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal, so that channel coding is performed.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that in the first embodiment, the transmitting end copies the signals to be sent by each channel into two paths, and in the present embodiment, the transmitting end The signals to be sent on each channel are copied into three paths, as shown in FIG. 6. There is no substantial difference from the first embodiment, and therefore the effects of the first embodiment can be achieved in the same manner.
  • the program can be executed by instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like. Please refer to FIG.
  • the transmitting apparatus of this embodiment includes a copying module 71 for copying signals to be transmitted in each channel into two channels, an interleaving module 73 for interleaving the signals, and two for performing channel error correction on the signals, respectively.
  • the coded channel coding module 72, the spread spectrum module 74 for orthogonally spreading the signal encoded by the channel coding module 72 of each channel and the pilot signal by orthogonal spreading codes, for expanding each channel merge module 74 module and a pilot signal spreading the pilot signal 75 are combined, for scrambling the signal from the merging module 75 scrambling module 76, and a module for the scrambled 76
  • the scrambled signal is divided into transmission modules 77 that are transmitted in respective time-frequency blocks.
  • the copying module 71 copies the signals to be transmitted in each channel into two channels, and outputs one of the signals to the interleaving module 73.
  • the interleaving module 73 interleaves the channel signals and outputs the signals to the channel encoding module 72.
  • the copy module 71 outputs the copied other signal directly to the channel coding module 72 for channel error correction coding.
  • the spreading module 74 respectively performs orthogonal spreading of the signals encoded by the two channels of the channel and the pilot signals by the orthogonal spreading code, and outputs the signals to the combining module 75, and the combining modules 75 will spread the respective signals.
  • the channel signal and the pilot signal are combined and output to the scrambling module 76.
  • the scrambling module 76 scrambles the combined output signal and outputs the signal to the transmitting module 77.
  • the transmitting module 77 divides the scrambled signal into time and frequency. Send in the block.
  • the blocks enable each subcarrier and each symbol within a time-frequency block to remain relatively stable in terms of frequency fading and time fading, thereby effectively resisting the frequency selective fading and time selective fading inherent in OFDM systems.
  • the interleaved dual RM coding mode can further improve the error correction capability of the channel coding, thereby enhancing the anti-interference capability of the OFDM communication system.
  • the spreading module 74, the merging module 75, and the scrambling module 76 in the transmitting apparatus shown in this embodiment may be collectively referred to as a transmitting side pre-processing module for transmitting the channel error-correction encoded signal. Pretreatment.
  • the specific implementation of the sending side pre-processing module includes, but is not limited to, a spreading module 74, a merging module 75, and a scrambling module 76.
  • a receiving module 81 for receiving a signal in a preset time-frequency block, a descrambling module 82 for descrambling a signal received by the receiving module 81, and a solution for the descrambled module 82 are included in the receiving device.
  • the despreading module 83 for despreading the signal with the corresponding spreading code, the demodulation module 84 for performing coherent demodulation on the despread signal, is used for channel correction of the signal output by the demodulation module 84.
  • the decoding module 85 transmits a possible coding sequence of the signal according to the coding mode of the transmitting end (a possible coding sequence is a coding sequence composed of an uninterleaved coding sequence and an interleaved coding sequence corresponding to one candidate information sequence).
  • the maximum likelihood sequence is a sequence in which the Euclidean distance of the coded sequence outputted by the despreading is the smallest in the possible coding sequence of the transmission signal, and the definition of the Euclidean distance is referred to the formula (1) described above.
  • the received code sequence signal basically consists of two parts, one part is an uninterleaved code sequence signal, and the other part is an interleaved code sequence signal, so please refer to the formula (1) and formula (2) above.
  • the relationship between the descriptions and the decoding module 85 may specifically include a coding sequence determining module, an Euclidean distance determining module, and a selecting module.
  • the specific implementation manner of the coding sequence determining module may be multiple.
  • the module is configured to determine a first coding sequence and a second coding sequence corresponding to each candidate information sequence W k , where the first coding sequence is an uninterleaved code corresponding to the information sequence. a sequence, the second coding sequence being an interleaved coding sequence corresponding to the information sequence.
  • the specific implementation manner of the Euclidean distance determining module may also be various.
  • the module is operative to determine a Euclidean distance between the respective third coding sequence and the received uninterleaved code sequence signal and the interleaved code sequence signal.
  • the module is configured to determine, according to the first coding sequence and the second coding sequence, a sum of a first Euclidean distance D1 and a second Euclidean distance D2 corresponding to each candidate information sequence Wk, a first Euclidean distance is an Euclidean distance between the first code sequence and the received uninterleaved code sequence signal, and the second Euclidean distance is the second code sequence and the received The interlaced coding sequence signals between the Continental 3 giants.
  • the specific implementation manner of the selection module may also be various. For example, if formula (1) is used, the module is used to select Wk corresponding to the least Euclidean distance as the information sequence of the transmitting end. If formula (2) is used, the module is configured to select Wk corresponding to the smallest sum of the first Euclidean distance and the second Euclidean distance as the information sequence of the transmitting end.
  • the receiving device may also be collectively referred to as a receiving side preprocessing module, for recovering from the received signal according to the pre-transmission pre-processing manner of the transmitting end.
  • the encoded sequence signal and the interleaved encoded sequence signal are then provided to the decoding module 85 for use.
  • the receiving side preprocessing module of the receiving end is also an optional module, and there are many possibilities for its specific implementation.

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Description

信号收发方法及其装置
本申请要求于 2006 年 5 月 23 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200610084392.X 发明名称为"信号收发方法及其装置"的中国专利申请的优先 权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信领域, 特别涉及一种信号收发方法及其装置。
背景技术 近些年来, 以正交频分复用 ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, 筒称" OFDM" )为代表的多载波传输技术受到了人们的广泛关注。 多载波传输 把数据流分解为若干个独立的子数据流,每个子数据流将具有低得多的比特速 率。用低比特率形成的低速率多状态符号去调制相应的子载波, 就构成了多个 低速率符号并行发送的传输系统。
OFDM作为一种多栽波数字调制技术, 将数据经编码后在频域传输。 不 像常规的单载波技术, 如调幅 /调频 ( Amplitude Modulation/Frequency Modulation, 简称" AM/FM" ),在某一时刻只用单一频率发送单一信号, OFDM 在经过特别计算的正交频率上同时发送多路高速信号。
OFDM 又作为一种复用技术, 将多路信号复用在不同正交子载波上。 传 统的频分复用 ( Frequency Division Multiplexing, 简称" FDM" )技术将带宽分 成几个子信道, 中间用保护频带来降低干扰, 它们同时发送数据。 OFDM 系 统比传统的 FDM系统要求的带宽要少得多。 由于使用无干扰正交载波技术, 单个载波间无需保护频带。 这样使得可用频谱的使用效率更高。 另外, OFDM 技术可动态分配在子信道上的数据。 为获得最大的数据吞吐量, 多载波调制器 可以智能地分配更多的数据到噪声小的子信道上。
OFDM将经过编码的待传输数据作为频域信息, 将其调制为时域信号, 并在信道上传输, 而在接收端则进行逆过程解调。 OFDM 系统的调制和解调 可以分别由逆离散傅立叶变换 ( Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform , 简称 "IDFT" )和离散傅立叶变换( Discrete Fourier Transform, 简称" DFT" )来代替。 通过 N点 IDFT运算,把频域数据符号变换为时域数据符号,经过载波调制之 后, 发送到信道中。 在接收端, 将接收信号进行相干解调, 然后将基带信号进 行 N点 DFT运算,即可获得发送端发送的数据符号。在实际应用中, IDFT/DFT 可以采用逆快速傅立叶变换( Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, 简称 "IFFT" )和 快速傅立叶变换( Fast Fourier Transform, 简称" FFT" )来实现。 FFT技术的采 用使得 OFDM系统的复杂度大大降低, 再加上高性能信息处理器件比如可编 程逻辑器件( Programmable Logic Device,简称" PLD" )、数字信号处理器( Digital Signal Processor, 简称" DSP" )、 微处理器( Micro Processor, 筒称" MP" )等的 发展和应用, 使得 OFDM系统的实现更加容易, 成为应用最广的一种多载波 传输方案。 为了提高传输性能, 可以将信号经过信道编码后再用 OFDM传输。 信道 编码作为数字通信系统中一个必不可少的重要技术手段,在通信系统中广泛使 用。信道编码的主要任务是为了区分通路和增加通信的可靠性, 所采用的编码 有正交码、 纠错码等。 其中, 正交码是以区分通路为主要目的的编码, 并且, 正交码还具有很强的抗干扰能力。 码字与码字之间互相关系数为 0的码称为正交码,在信道编码时主要利用 其正交性去区分通路, 以及抗多径干扰, 但它本身也可以携带信息。 最常用的 正交码有伪随机码(如 m序列、 L序列、 巴克序列、 M序列等)和沃尔什函 列。若一个正交信号集的补集也被利用 ,则可用码组数将增加一倍,这样 的正交码称为双正交码。 里德 -米勒( Reed-Muller, 筒称" RM" )码是一种码字较短的纠错编码, 通 过对哈达码矩阵构成的正交序列取其补序列,即将正交序列中" +,变为 "-1", "- 1,,变" +1", 得到另外 N个序列。 由于正交序列的补序列也是正交的, 将正交序 列及其补序列组合在一起, 可构成长度为 2N的双正交序列。 由于 RM编码具 有较强的纠错能力, 因此在数字通信系统中得到广泛应用。 为了能更好地对传输的信号进行纠错,抵抗在信号传输过程中的衰弱,提 高传输质量, 可以对 RM码进行重复后发送。 例如原始信号是 10比特, RM 编码后成为 32比特,将 RM码重复一次成为 64比特,将这 64比特发送出去。 因为发送的信息多了,进而接收端从中恢复出正确原始信号的机会也相应增加 了。 在实现本发明过程中,发明人发现这种对 RM码进行简单重复的方法虽然 实现简单, 但对纠错能力的提高十分有限。
发明内容 本发明实施例提供一种信号收发方法及其装置,使得信道编码的纠错能力 得以提高, 从而增强通信系统的抗干扰能力。 本发明实施例提供了一种信号发送方法, 包含以下步骤: 将需发送的信号 复制为至少两路, 对每路信号分别进行信道纠错编码, 其中, 至少一路信号在 进行所述信道纠错编码前先进行交织;将所述经信道纠错编码后的各路信号发 送给接收端。 本发明实施例还提供了一种信号接收方法, 包含以下步骤:接收来自发送 端的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号;对所述未经交织的编 码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号进行联合最大似然序列估值,得到发送端 的信息序列。 本发明实施例还提供了一种信号发送装置, 包含: 复制模块, 用于将需发 送的信号复制为至少两路; 至少一个交织模块, 用于对信号进行交织; 至少两 个信道编码模块, 分别用于对信号进行信道纠错编码; 以及发送模块, 用于发 送信号; 所述复制模块将需发送的信号复制为至少两路后,将至少一路信号输 出到所述交织模块, 由该交织模块对信号进行交织后,输出到所述信道编码模 块进行信道纠错编码,所述复制模块将所复制的其他路信号直接输出到所述信 道编码模块进行信道纠错编码,所述发送模块将所述各信道编码模块编码后的 各路信号发送给接收端。 本发明实施例还提供了一种信号接收装置, 包含: 接收模块, 用于接收来 自发送端的信号; 解码模块, 用于对接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交 织的编码序列信号进行联合最大似然序列估值, 得到发送端的信息序列。 通过以上本发明实施例可以看出,在发送端,将需发送的信号至少复制为 两路分别进行信道纠错编码,其中至少有一路信号在进行信道纠错编码前先进 行交织, 最后, 将经信道纠错编码后的各路信号发送给接收端。 相应的, 在接 收端,对接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号进行联合 最大似然序列估值,从而得到发送端的信息序列。 由于通过至少两次信道纠错 编码,且至少有一次信道纠错编码为对经交织后的信号进行编码, 因此使得信 道编码的纠错能力得以提高, 从而增强了通信系统的抗干扰能力。
附图说明 图 1是根据本发明实施例中经交织的双 RM编码示意图; 图 2是根据本发明第一实施方式的信号发送方法流程图; 图 3是根据本发明第一实施方式的信号发送方法示意图; 图 4是根据本发明实施例中经交织的双 RM编码的仿真误码性能曲线图; 图 5是根据本发明第一实施方式的信号接收方法流程图; 图 6是根据本发明第二实施方式的信号发送方法示意图; 图 7是根据本发明信号发送、 接收装置实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对 本发明各实施例作进一步地详细描述。 在本发明实施例中,发送端将需发送的信号复制为至少两路,对每路信号 分别进行信道纠错编码, 其中, 至少一路信号在进行信道纠错编码前, 先进行 交织, 再对该经交织后的信号进行信道纠错编码, 如图 1所示, 其为本发明实 施例中经交织的双 RM编码示意图。发送端将各信道的经所述信道编码后的信 号与导频信号以正交扩频码进行正交扩频后合并,并将合并后的信号进行加扰 后发送给接收端。接收端对接收到的信号做相应的逆操作, 在解码时, 通过在 发送信号可能的编码序列中,找出收到的编码信号的最大似然序列,将该序列 作为译码结果输出, 从而得到被传输的信号。 以上对本发明实施例的原理进行了简单说明, 下面根据该原理,对本发明 第一实施方式的信号发送、 接收方法进行详细阐述。 本发明第一实施方式的信号发送方法流程图如图 2所示,并请结合参阅图 3, 其为本发明第一实施方式的信号发送方法示意图。 在图 2的步骤 210中,发送端将各信道中需发送的信号复制为两路。具体 可以结合参看图 3, 例如, 信道 1至信道 N中均有 10个需发送的比特信号, 则将每个信道中需发送的 10比特信号复制为两路。 接着,进入图 2的步骤 220,发送端将一路复制的信号在交织后进行信道纠 错编码,将另一路复制的信号直接进行信道纠错编码。 为后续在接收端叙述方 便,将发送端进行过交织以及信道纠错编码后的这路信号称为经交织的编码序 列信号,将未进行过交织、直接进行信道纠错编码的这路信号称为未经交织的 编码序列信号。 对各路信号所进行的信道纠错编码包括但不限于 RM码。具体可以结合参 看图 3, 例如, 对于信道 1至信道 N中的每一个信道, 将所复制的一路 10比 特信号先进行交织, 再对经交织后的 10比特信号采用 RM码进行信道纠错编 码,输出 32个编码比特。 而将所复制的另一路 10比特信号直接采用 RM码进 行信道纠错编码, 输出 32个编码比特。 其中, 交织方式可由以下公式产生: I ( k ) = ( pk + c ) mod n + 1 , n为所 述需发送的信号长度, 信号比特序列从 1开始编号, p与 n互素, c为整数, 交织后的第 k位比特对应于交织前的第 I ( k )位比特。 针对上述示例, n即为 10,如果 p为 3,c为 0,则所复制的一路 10比特信号的交织方式为 {4 7 10 3 6 9 2 5 8 1}。 根据本实施方式的经交织的双 RM编码方案的仿真误码性能曲线如图 4 所示, 其中, 横坐标为 Eb/No(dB) (每比特能量和噪声功率频谱密度之比), 纵坐标为 BER ( bit error, 误码率)。 在进行图 4所示的仿真过程中, 使用的参 数为:( 1 )高斯加性白噪声;( 2 )理想的信道估值; ( 3 )二进制移相键控 ( Binary Phase Shift Keying, 筒称" BPSK" )信号调制方式。 在图 4中, 作为与 RM交 织双编码方案对比的是一种现有简单的 RM码加重复的方案, 比如 10个比特 信号首先通过一个 RM编码器得到 32个编码比特,对这 32个编码比特进行重 复,最后得到 64个编码比特。 从图中所示的对比曲线不难发现, 本实施方式的 编码方式具有更强的纠错能力, 提高了传输可靠性。 接着,进入图 2的步骤 230,发送端将各信道的经信道纠错编码后的信号与 导频信号以正交扩频码进行正交扩频, 并将扩频后的信号合并。具体可以结合 参看图 3, 例如, 在信道 1至信道 N中, 每个信道的一路 10比特信号在经编 码后均输出了 32个编码比特, 发送端将各个信道中的一路直接进行 RM编码 后输出的 32个比特信号分别采用正交 频码进行正交扩频,如釆用 16比特长 的 WALSH正交码。 不同的信道釆用不同、但彼此正交的扩频码以保证各信道 相互正交从而避免用户间的相互干扰。 并且,通过扩频码的扩频提高了信号的 抗干扰能力。 由于采用了 16比特长的 WALSH正交扩频码, 因此各信道中经 扩频后的信号为 32x16, 即 512个比特, 发送端将各信道中经扩频后的信号进 行合并。 同时, 发送端也对导频信号釆用 16比特长的 WALSH正交码, 并将 扩频后的导频信号与其他各信道中经扩频的信号合并,以便于接收端采用相干 解调, 进一步提高了接收质量。 类似地, 发送端对于各个信道中的另一路在交 织后进行 RM编码所输出的 32个比特信号, 进行同样的操作。 由此可见, 将 本发明实施例方案应用于正交频分复用 ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, 简称" OFDM" ) 系统, 可增强 OFDM系统的抗干扰能力。 接着, 进入图 2的步骤 240,发送端对合并后的信号进行加扰。具体可以结 合参看图 3, 由于每个信道的需发送信号均复制为两路, 因此, 发送端将分别 对两路合并后的 512个比特进行加扰, 以区别不同的用户, 蜂窝小区或扇区。 需要说明的是, 虽然在本实施例中, 在将经过信道纠错编码(其中至少有 一路还进行了交织)后的信号进行发送之前还进行了扩频、合并以及加扰处理, 但是实际应用中并不限于此。可以将扩频、合并以及加扰视为一种发送前的预 处理, 所述发送前预处理的具体实现有多种, 既可以是扩频、 合并以及加扰, 也可以只是其中的一种或两种,还可以是其他现有的多种信号处理方式。可以 理解, 在本发明实施例中, 只要需发送信号在发送之前进行了交织、 多路信道 纠错编码处理, 就可以提高现有信道编码的纠错能力, 至于进行信道纠错编码 处理后是否还进行其他发送前的预处理, 本发明实施例并不予以限制。 接着,进入图 2的步骤 250,发送端将经加扰后的信号划分到各个时频块中 进行发送, 其中, 时频块由连续的子载波和连续的符号组成, 比如由连续的 8 个子载波与连续的 2个符号组成。由于时频块是由连续的子载波和连续的符号 组成的时间和频率的二维块, 因此,在一个时频块内的各个子载波和各个符号 能够在频率衰落性与时间衰落性方面保持相对的稳定, 从而能够有效抵抗 OFDM 系统固有的频率选择性衰落与时间选择性衰落。 在具体应用中, 时频 块的大小取决于环境中的干扰情况。 时频块必须足够的小, 以致于对于绝大部 分时频块来说, 内部各个子载波和各个符号在衰弱程度上基本相同。如果环境 中的干扰在频率上变化较剧烈,就应当减小时频块在子载波上的跨度,如果环 境中的干扰在时间上变化较剧烈, 就应当减小时频块在符号上的跨度。 一般来 说, 较小的时频块在抵抗频率选择性衰落与时间选择性衰落方面有较好的性 能, 当然, 较小的时频块只能携带较少的信息量。 具体可以结合参看图 3, 例如, 发送端分别将经加扰后的两路 512个比特 信号划分成若干个子块,每个子块对应的大小与一个扩频码的长度相同,也就 是说, 将经加扰后的 512个比特信号按时间顺序划分成 32个子块, 使得每个 子块包含 16个比特, 对应一个 WALSH码长, 即一个子块对应于一个扩频前 的比特信号。每个子块分别通过一个所述时频块发送, 以便接收端收到一个时 频块后就可以为每一个信道解出一个比特的信号,提高了传输的性能。也就是 说, 如果一个时频块由连续的 8个子载波与连续的 2个符号组成, 那么, 32 个子块将由 32个时频块进行发送, 共占 64个子载波和 8个符号。 与本发明信号发送方法第一实施方式对应的信号接收方法流程图如图 5 所示。 在步骤 510中,接收端在预设的时频块中接收信号。针对图 3所示的发送 端具体示例, 接收端分别在携带这两路 512个比特信号的时频块中接收信号。 接着, 进入步骤 520, 接收端对所接收到的两路信号进行解扰, 区分出不 同的用户, 蜂窝小区或扇区。 接着, 进入步骤 530, 接收端以相应的扩频码对解扰后的信号进行解扩, 并通过相干解调得到各信道中经信道纠错编码的信号。针对图 3所示的发送端 具体示例, 接收端分别以相应的 16比特长的 WALSH码对解扰后的两路 512 个比特信号进行解扩, 每一路在相干解调后分别得到信道 1至信道 N的经信 道纠错编码后的 32个比特信号, 即分别得到信道 1至信道 N的经信道糾错编 码后的 64个比特信号。 接着, 进入步骤 540, 接收端对解扩以及相干解调后输出的信号进行信道 纠错解码。 可以看出, 在经过上述解扰、 解扩以及相干解调后得到的信号就是 未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号。 因此, 本步骤提到的对信 号进行信道纠错解码,实质上就是对未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码 序列信号进行联合最大似然序列估值,得到发送端的信息序列,将该信息序列 作为译码结果输出。 在前文介绍发送端处理流程时谈到,扩频、合并以及加扰等具体的发送前 预处理方式是可选的, 因此对应的, 在接收端进行的解扰、 解扩以及相干解调 也是可选的。如果在特殊情况下,发送端直接将未经交织的编码序列信号和经 交织的编码序列信号发送给了接收端 (未对编码序列信号再进行发送前预处 理), 那么接收端直接收到的信号就是未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编 码序列信号, 因此, 这种情况下, 接收端就不需要对接收到的信号进行相应的 预处理(如解扰、 解扩以及相干解调等), 即可直接得到未经交织的编码序列 信号和经交织的编码序列信号。反之,如果发送端对编码序列信号在发送前进 行了发送前预处理(如扩频、 合并以及加扰等), 那么接收端也相应的需要根 据发送端的具体预处理方式对接收到的信号进行对应的逆过程处理(称为接收 侧预处理),然后才能得到未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号。 从总体来说,接收端 居发送端的编码方式,在发送信号可能的各编码序 列(一个可能的编码序列即为一个候选信息序列所对应的未经交织的编码序列 与经交织的编码序列共同组成的编码序列)中,找出经解扩及相关解调后输出 的编码序列信号(包括接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列 信号)的最大似然序列, 进而, 将该最大似然序列对应的那个信息序列作为译 码结果输出。其中, 最大似然序列为发送信号可能的编码序列中与解扩后输出 的编码信号的欧式距离最小的序列, 欧式距离定义为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
其中, t为收到的编码信号的长度, R为接收并解析出的编码序列信号(既 包括未经交织的编码序列信号也包括经交织的编码序列信号), R = ( Γι , r2, ...rt, ), Ck为一个发送信号可能的编码序列 (一个候选信息序列对应的未 经交织的编码序列与经交织的编码序列共同组成的编码序列), Ck = ( ck,! , ck, 2 , ...ck, t, ) ,l<k<2n, n为发送信号的长度。 针对图 3所示具体示例, 发送端的 10个比特原始信号(即发送端的信息 序列 )可以有 1024种可能的信息序列 (即存在 1024种候选的信息序列 ), 进 而存在 1024种可能的编码序列, 每个编码序列均使用与发送端相同的经交织 的双 RM编码方式, 长度为 64比特。 接收端分别对解扩并相干解调后的信道 1至信道 N的 64个编码信号进行信道纠错解码。 由于 t为 64,n为 10,因此, Ck = ( ck, , , ck, 2, —ck, 64, ) ,l<k<210, R = ( Γι , r2 , …! ·64, ), 根据欧式距离 的定义, 在发送信号可能的编码序列中找出与 R的欧式距离最小的编码序列, 进而将该编码序列对应的那个信息序列作为译码结果输出,得到发送端在各信 道中需发送的信号。 通过步骤 540的描述可知, 实质上 R和 Ck各自都包括两部分, 一部分是 未经交织的编码序列, 另一部分是经交织的编码序列。 具体而言, 所述 R 包 括 (η(ν2 (1) ,..., Γ,(1) )和 (η(2ν2 (2),...,^2)),其中, ( 2 (ι),...,^)为接收到的未经交织的编 码序列信号,(η(2ν2(2),... 2))为接收到的经交织的编码序列信号; Ck 包括
(c ,c ,^: 和 ..· )), 其中, 为 wk (即发送端可能的信息 序列, 也称为候选信息序列)所对应的未经交织的编码序列(简称第一编码序 列),(^),^,...^,))为 wk所对应的经交织的编码序列(简称第二编码序列)。 为 下文叙述方便,将第一编码序列与接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧 式距离简称为第一欧式距离 D 1,将第二编码序列与接收到的经交织的编码序列 信号之间的欧式距离简称为第二欧式距离 D2。
本领域技术人员可以理解, 在各 Ck中搜索与 R的欧式距离最小的序列作 为最大似然序列, 然后将该最大似然序列对应的信息序列作为译码结果(即发 送端的信息序列)输出, 实质上是搜索一个信息序列, 使该信息序列对应的第 一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和最小, 于是公式(1)可以变形为公式(2):
Figure imgf000012_0001
其中, t为所述未经交织的编码序列信号长度或经交织的编码序列信号长 度, Wk为信息序列, R为接收到的编码序列信号, 所述 R包括 (r 1), ),... 1))和
(r,(2),r2 (2),...,r,(2)), 其中, (^2 (1),...,))为接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号, (r,(2),r2 (2),...,r,(2)) ^接收到的经交织的编码序列信号 , 为 wk所对应的 未经交织的编码序列, ( , 2),... ))为 wk所对应的经交织的编码序列。由此可 以看出, 公式(2) 实质上是计算第一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和的一个公 式。 在通过公式(2)得到各候选信息序列对应的第一欧式距离与第二欧式距 离之和后, 选取第一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和最小者所对应的信息序列 Wk作为所述发送端的信息序列, 即作为译码结果输出。 如果将未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号视为一个共同 的编码序列信号去搜索最大似然序列时, 可以利用公式(1)得到发送端的信 息序列。 具体实现过程中, 可以首先确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第三 编码序列 (即公式( 1 )中的 Ck), 所述第三编码序列为 Wk对应的未经交织的 第一编码序列和经交织的第二编码序列共同组成的编码序列; 然后确定各 Ck 同所述接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧 式距离; 最后选取欧式距离最小者对应的 Wk作为发送端的信息序列, 即将该 序列作为译码结果输出。 如果将未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号视为两组独立 的编码序列信号时, 可以利用公式(2)得到发送端的信息序列。 具体实现过 程中, 可以首先确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第一编码序列和第二编码 序列, 所述第一编码序列为 Wk所对应的未经交织的编码序列, 所述第二编码 序列为 Wk所对应的经交织的编码序列; 然后才艮据所述第一编码序列和第二编 码序列确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第一欧式距离 D1与第二欧式距离 D2之和, 其中, 第一欧式距离为所述第一编码序列与所述接收到的未经交织 的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离,所述第二欧式距离为所述第二编码序列与所 述接收到的经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离; 最后,选取第一欧式距离 D1与第二欧式距离 D2之和最小者对应的 Wk作为发送端的信息序列,即将该 序列作为译码结果输出。 由于发端发送的信号一部分是只经过信道纠错编码的,另外一部分是既经 过交织又经过信道纠错编码的, 因此, 接收端无论是采用公式(1 ) 的方案还 是公式(2 ) 的方案予以接收处理, 其实质都是对接收到的未经交织的编码序 列信号和已交织的编码序列信号进行联合最大似然序列估值,进而得到发送端 的信息序列。也正是由于发送端采用了交织的多信道纠错编码处理,接收端对 接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和已交织的编码序列信号进行了联合最大 似然序列估值,使得信道编码的纠错能力得以提高,进而提高了整个系统的抗 干扰能力。 本发明的第二实施方式与第一实施方式大致相同, 其区别仅在于,在第一 实施方式中, 发送端将各信道需发送的信号复制为两路, 而在本实施方式中, 发送端将各信道需发送的信号复制为三路,如图 6所示。与第一实施方式并无 实质上的区别, 因此同样可达到第一实施方式的效果。 是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可以存储于一计算机可 读存储介盾中, 所述的存储介质, 如: R0M/RAM、 磁碟、 光盘等。 请参阅图 7, 其为本发明信号发送、 接收装置实施例的结构示意图。 在本实施例的发送装置中包含用于对各信道中需发送的信号复制为两路 的复制模块 71、 用于对信号进行交织的交织模块 73、 两个分别用于对信号进 行信道纠错编码的信道编码模块 72、 用于将各信道的经信道编码模块 72编码 后的信号与导频信号以正交扩频码进行正交扩频的扩频模块 74、 用于将各信 道经扩频模块 74扩频后的信号以及导频信号进行合并的合并模块 75、 用于对 来自合并模块 75的信号进行加扰的加扰模块 76、 以及用于将经加扰模块 76 加扰后的信号划分到各个时频块中进行发送的发送模块 77。 具体地说, 复制模块 71将各信道中需发送的信号复制为两路后, 将其中 一路信号输出到交织模块 73 , 由该交织模块 73对该路信号进行交织后, 输出 到信道编码模块 72进行信道纠错编码。复制模块 71将所复制的另一路信号直 接输出到信道编码模块 72进行信道纠错编码。扩频模块 74分别将各信道的两 路经信道模块编码后的信号与导频信号以正交扩频码进行正交扩频后输出到 合并模块 75 , 由合并模块 75将扩频后的各信道信号和导频信号合并后输出到 加扰模块 76,加扰模块 76对合并后输出的信号进行加扰后输出到发送模块 77, 由发送模块 77将加扰后的信号划分到各个时频块中进行发送。
块,使得在一个时频块内的各个子载波和各个符号能够在频率衰落性与时间衰 落性方面保持相对的稳定, 从而能够有效抵抗 OFDM系统固有的频率选择性 衰落与时间选择性衰落。并且, 交织的双 RM编码方式能够进一步地提高信道 编码的纠错能力, 从而增强了 OFDM通信系统的抗干扰能力。 在前文介绍本发明信号发送方法的实施例过程中,已经阐述过对经信道纠 错编码后的信号进行发送前预处理的过程是可选方案,而且发送前预处理的具 体实现也有多种方式, 因此对应的, 本实施例所示发送装置中的扩频模块 74、 合并模块 75以及加扰模块 76可以统称为发送侧预处理模块,用于对经信道纠 错编码后的信号进行发送前的预处理。可以理解, 所述发送侧预处理模块的具 体实现包括但不限于扩频模块 74、 合并模块 75以及加扰模块 76。 在接收装置中包含用于在预设的时频块中接收信号的接收模块 81、 用于 对接收模块 81接收到的信号进行解扰的解扰模块 82、 用于对经解扰模块 82 解扰后的信号以相应的扩频码进行解扩的解扩模块 83、 用于对解扩的信号进 行相干解调的解调模块 84, 用于对经解调模块 84输出的信号进行信道纠错解 码的解码模块 85。 其中, 解码模块 85根据发送端的编码方式, 在发送信号可能的编码序列 (一个可能的编码序列即为一个候选信息序列所对应的未经交织的编码序列 与经交织的编码序列共同组成的编码序列)中,找出接收到的编码序列信号(包 括接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号)的最大似然序 列, 并将该最大似然序列对应的那个候选信息序列作为译码输出,得到发送端 在各信道中所发送的信号。所述最大似然序列为发送信号可能的编码序列中与 解扩后输出的编码序列信号的欧式距离最小的序列,欧式距离定义请参看前文 所述的公式(1 )。 同理, 由于接收到的编码序列信号实质上包括两部分, 一部 分是未经交织的编码序列信号, 另外一部分是经交织的编码序列信号, 因此请 参看前文关于公式( 1 ) 与公式(2 )之间的关系说明, 进而解码模块 85可以 具体包括编码序列确定模块、 欧式距离确定模块以及选取模块。 其中, 编码序列确定模块的具体实现方式可以有多种。例如,如果利用公式( 1 ), 则该模块用于根据发送端的编码方式确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第三 编码序列, 所述第三编码序列为 Wk对应的未经交织的第一编码序列和经交织 的第二编码序列共同组成的编码序列。 如果利用公式(2 ), 则该模块用于确定 各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第一编码序列和第二编码序列, 所述第一编码 序列为该信息序列所对应的未经交织的编码序列,所述第二编码序列为该信息 序列所对应的经交织的编码序列。 对应的, 欧式距离确定模块的具体实现方式也可以有多种。 例如, 如果利 用公式( 1 ), 则该模块用于确定所述各第三编码序列同所述接收到的未经交织 的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离。如果利用公式( 2 ), 则该模块用于根据所述第一编码序列和第二编码序列确定各候选信息序列 Wk 各自对应的第一欧式距离 D1与第二欧式距离 D2之和, 所述第一欧式距离为 所述第一编码序列与所述接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离, 所述第二欧式距离为所述第二编码序列与所述接收到的经交织的编码序列信 号之间的欧式 3巨离。 对应的,选取模块的具体实现方式也可以有多种。例如,如果利用公式( 1 ), 则该模块用于选取欧式距离最小者对应的 Wk作为发送端的信息序列。 如果利 用公式( 2 ), 则该模块用于选取第一欧式距离和第二欧式距离之和最小者对应 的 Wk作为发送端的信息序列。 此外, 需要说明的是, 与发送装置中的预前处理模块相对应, 在接收装置 中, 也可以将解扰模块 82、 解扩模块 83以及解调模块 84统称为接收侧预处 理模块,用于根据发送端的发送前预处理方式,从接收到的信号中恢复出未经 交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号, 然后再提供给解码模块 85使 用。 与发送端的发送侧预处理模块同理,接收端的接收侧预处理模块也是可选 模块, 而且其具体实现也有多种可能。 虽然通过参照本发明的某些优选实施方式,已经对本发明进行了图示和描 述,但本领域的普通技术人员应该明白,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改 变, 而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 包含以下步骤: 将需发送的信号复制为至少两路,对每路信号分别进行信道纠错编码, 其 中, 至少一路信号在进行所述信道纠错编码前先进行交织; 将所述经信道纠错编码后的各路信号发送给接收端。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述信道纠错编 码采用里德 -米勒 RM码。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述交织方式由 以下公式产生, 交织后的第 k位比特对应于交织前的第 I ( k )位比特:
I ( k ) = ( pk + c ) mod n + l , 其中, n为所述需发送的信号长度, 信号比 特序列从 1开始编号, p与 n互素, c为整数。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 在 将所述经信道糾错编码后的各路信号发送之前还包括: 将各信道经所述信道纠错编码后的信号进行发送前预处理。
5. 才艮据权利要求 4所述的信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述发送前预处 理具体包括:将各信道的经所述信道纠错编码后的信号与导频信号以正交扩频 码进行正交扩频后合并, 并对所述合并后的信号进行加扰; 所述发送的具体方式为:将所述经加扰后的信号划分到各个时频块中进行 块:、 、 , 、 、 、 、 ' 、 、 、 、 日 , 、; <
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的信号发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述将经加扰后 的信号划分到各个时频块中进行发送的步驟具体为: 将经加扰后的信号划分成子块,每个子块对应的大小与使用的最短扩频码 的长度相同, 所述每个子块分别通过一个所述时频块发送。
7. 一种信号接收方法, 其特征在于, 包含以下步骤: 接收来自发送端的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号; 对所述未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号进行联合最大 似然序列估值, 得到发送端的信息序列。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的信号接收方法, 其特征在于, 所述进行联合最 大似然序列估值得到发送端的信息序列步骤具体包括: 根据发送端的编码方式确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第三编码序 列, 所述第三编码序列为 Wk对应的未经交织的第一编码序列和经交织的第二 编码序列共同组成的编码序列; 确定各第三编码序列同所述接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织 的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离, 所述欧式距离定义为:
其中, t为所述收到
Figure imgf000018_0001
为收到的未经交织的编码序列信号 与经交织的编码序列信号, R = ( r,, r2, ...rt, ), Ck为一个可能的发送信号对 应的未经交织的编码序列与经交织的编码序列共同组成的编码序列, Ck = ( ck, i , ck, 2, ...ck, t, ) ,l<k<2n, n为发送信号的长度; 选取所述欧式距离最小者对应的 Wk作为所述发送端的信息序列。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的信号接收方法, 其特征在于, 所述进行联合最 大似然序列估值得到发送端的信息序列步骤具体包括:
根据发送端的编码方式确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第一编码序列 和第二编码序列, 所述第一编码序列为 Wk所对应的未经交织的编码序列, 所 述第二编码序列为 Wk所对应的经交织的编码序列;
根据所述第一编码序列和第二编码序列确定各候选信息序列 Wk各自对应 的第一欧式距离 D1与第二欧式距离 D2之和, 所述第一欧式距离为所述第一 编码序列与所述接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离,所述第二 欧式距离为所述第二编码序列与所述接收到的经交织的编码序列信号之间的 欧式距离, 所述第一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和定义为: 4( = m=\ι ) f +έ卜 ) - |2
m=l
其中, t为所述未经交织的编码序列信号长度或经交织的编码序列信号长 度, Wk为信息序列, R为接收到的编码序列信号, 所述 R包括 ( 2('),...,Γ,('))和 („ ".., r'(2)), 其中, (^2('),..., ))为接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号,
Figure imgf000019_0001
为接收到的经交织的编码序列信号, (Οίκ))为 wk所对应的 未经交织的编码序列, ( ) , c¾ ,... ) )为 Wk所对应的经交织的编码序列;
选取所述第一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和最小者所对应的 wk作为所述 发送端的信息序列。
10. 根据权利要求 7至 9中任意一项所述的信号接收方法, 其特征在于, 骤包括: 接收来自发送端的信号; 根据发送端的发送前预处理方式从所述接收到的信号中恢复出未经交织 的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的信号接收方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收来自发送端的信号具体为:在预设的时频块中接收来自发送端的 信号, 所述时频块是由连续的子载波和连续的符号组成的时间和频率的二维 块; 所述恢复出未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号步骤具体 包括: 对接收到的信号进行解扰, 然后对解扰后的信号以相应的扩频码进行解 扩,并用导频进行相干解调得到未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列 信号。
12. 一种信号发送装置, 其特征在于, 包含: 复制模块, 用于将需发送的信号复制为至少两路; 至少一个交织模块, 用于对信号进行交织; 至少两个信道编码模块, 分别用于对信号进行信道纠错编码; 以及发送模块, 用于发送信号; 所述复制模块将需发送的信号复制为至少两路后,将至少一路信号输出到 所述交织模块, 由该交织模块对信号进行交织后,输出到所述信道编码模块进 行信道纠错编码,所述复制模块将所复制的其他路信号直接输出到所述信道编 码模块进行信道纠错编码,所述发送模块将所述各信道编码模块编码后的各路 信号发送给接收端。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的信号发送装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包 含: 发送侧预处理模块,用于将各信道的经所述信道编码模块编码后的信号进 行发送前预处理, 然后输出到所述发送模块。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的信号发送装置, 其特征在于, 所述发送侧预 处理装置具体包括: 扩频模块, 用于将各信道的经所述信道编码模块编码后的 信号与导频信号以正交扩频码进行正交扩频; 合并模块,用于将经所述扩频模 块扩频后的各信道信号和导频信号进行合并; 加扰模块,用于对经所述合并模 块合并后的信号进行加扰, 然后输出到所述发送模块; 所述发送模块,具体用于将所述加扰模块输出的信号划分到各个时频块中 维块。
15. 一种信号接收装置, 其特征在于, 包含: 接收模块, 用于接收来自发送端的信号; 解码模块,用于对接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列 信号进行联合最大似然序列估值, 得到发送端的信息序列。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的信号接收装置, 其特征在于, 所述解码模块 具体包括: 编码序列确定模块, 用于根据发送端的编码方式确定各候选信息序列 Wk 各自对应的第三编码序列, 所述第三编码序列为 wk对应的未经交织的第一编 码序列和经交织的第二编码序列共同组成的编码序列; 欧式距离确定模块,用于确定所述各第三编码序列同所述接收到的未经交 织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离,所述欧式距离定 义为:
其中, t为所述收到的编码
Figure imgf000021_0001
的未经交织的编码序列信号 与经交织的编码序列信号, R = ( r, , r2, ...rt, ), Ck为一个可能的发送信号对 应的未经交织的编码序列与经交织的编码序列共同组成的编码序列, Ck = ( ck, , , ck, 2, ...ck, t, ) ,l<k<2n, n为发送信号的长度; 选取模块, 用于根据所述欧式距离确定模块提供的信息,选取所述欧式距 离最小者对应的 Wk作为所述发送端的信息序列。
17. 根据权利要求 15所述的信号接收装置, 其特征在于, 所述解码模块 具体包括: 编码序列确定模块, 用于根据发送端的编码方式确定各候选信息序列 Wk 各自对应的第一编码序列和第二编码序列, 所述第一编码序列为 wk所对应的 未经交织的编码序列, 所述第二编码序列为 wk所对应的经交织的编码序列; 欧式距离确定模块,用于根据所述第一编码序列和第二编码序列确定各候 选信息序列 Wk各自对应的第一欧式距离 D1与第二欧式距离 D2之和, 所述 第一欧式距离为所述第一编码序列与所述接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号 之间的欧式距离,所述第二欧式距离为所述第二编码序列与所述接收到的经交 织的编码序列信号之间的欧式距离,所述第一欧式距离与第二欧式距离之和定 义为:
Figure imgf000021_0002
其中, t为所述未经交织的编码序列信号长度或经交织的编码序列信号长 度, Wk为信息序列, R为接收到的编码序列信号, 所述 R包括 („ ,一, (2)), 其中, (WH. 1))为接收到的未经交织的编码序列信号, (r,(2),r2 (2),...,r 2))为接收到的经交织的编码序列信号, ,... )为 Wk所对应的 未经交织的编码序列, (42 |),£¾,...£¾))为 \^所对应的经交织的编码序列; 选取模块, 用于根据所述欧式距离确定模块提供的信息,选取所述第一欧 式距离与第二欧式距离之和最小者所对应的信息序列 wk作为所述发送端的信 息序列。
18.根据权利要求 15至 17中任意一项所述的信号接收装置,其特征在于, 所述接收模块接收到的信号为发送端对未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的 编码序列信号进行过发送前预处理的信号, 所述装置还包含: 接收侧预处理模块,用于根据发送端的发送前预处理方式从所述接收模块 接收到的信号中恢复出未经交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号,然 后提供给所述解码模块。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的信号接收装置, 其特征在于, 所述接收侧预 处理模块具体包括: 解扰模块, 用于对所述接收模块接收到的信号进行解扰;
解扩模块, 用于对经所述解扰模块解扰后的信号以相应的扩频码进行解 扩;
解调模块,用于对经所述解扩模块解扩后的信号进行相干解调,得到未经 交织的编码序列信号和经交织的编码序列信号。
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