WO2007128089A1 - Continuous ignition system for internal combustio engine through plasma - Google Patents
Continuous ignition system for internal combustio engine through plasma Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007128089A1 WO2007128089A1 PCT/BR2006/000164 BR2006000164W WO2007128089A1 WO 2007128089 A1 WO2007128089 A1 WO 2007128089A1 BR 2006000164 W BR2006000164 W BR 2006000164W WO 2007128089 A1 WO2007128089 A1 WO 2007128089A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- internal combustion
- continuous
- combustion engine
- ignition system
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
- F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
- F02M25/0224—Water treatment or cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/025—Adding water
- F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
Abstract
Particularly comprising a voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator (2) system, to be installed in a internal combustion engine (M) or similar, thus dispensing with the existing distributors and similar devices (not represented), which enables, through low or high voltage, the formation of a continuous electric arc inside the combustion chamber (3) that receives the mixture of air, additive water in the combustion, thus enabling the ozonization of the emulsion which, during the optimal compression breaks out the dielectric resistance, generating the discharge arc using a specific continuous ignition spark plug (V) activated by the fourth state of matter, i.e., plasma.
Description
"CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA"
This application is for an Invention Patent of an hitherto unknown
"CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", mainly for a system that aims at promoting
the ignition of the internal combustion engine with water mixed in the
combustion through a continuous electric arc that at a certain pressure condition,
upon compression of the cylinder makes the molecules of the mixture reach a
balance point that offers less electrical resistance, closing an evaporation arc,
using for this purpose a specific spark plug in synchronicity with the plasma
generated by the above mentioned arc. The claimed system comprises preferably
a triplicator and a voltage oscillator connected to the positive pole of the battery
or generator and the negative pole connected to a switch that can be either a
rotor or even an optical sensor; or even comprises a battery connected to a high
voltage generator which, on its turn, is connected to the specific plugs that
operate by the plasma or in a third embodiment with a battery or generator
connected to the oscillators and triplicators connected to said spark plugs.
The system presents several advantages related to various aspects at
practical, operational and functional levels, such as: combustible saving,
ecologically friendly, higher potency and torque, longer engine life cycle, all
such advantages sought for a long time by the automobile industry.
In general, this system can be installed to any type or similar
internal combustion engines through small adjustments, such as, for instance the
amount of water mixed to the combustion, requiring only a special spark plug
operating on plasma.
• It has been known for a long time that solutions are being sought
for several events in internal combustion engines, such as loss of power,
combustible consumption, and pollution reduction, among others. In this sense,
the automobile industry spends millions of dollars in projects that aim at
increasing the efficiency, dependability and life cycle of the ignition systems,
either by using electric and/or electronic devices.
Thus, the current state of the art although deeply studied by the
automotive industry has not yet found a solution capable of conceptually
revolutionizing the combustion engines ignition technique.
Internal combustion engines, particularly using gas or alcohol,
basically have a combustion chamber that receives a mixture of combustible
vapor and air, which is compressed and ignited by a spark in the spark plugs.
Said spark plugs exist since the internal combustion engines invention and are
responsible for 02 basic key and essential functions in the engine:
• conduct the electric high voltage into the dry combustion chamber,
turning it into a spark that ignites the air/combustible mixture;
• remove part of the heat in the combustion chamber generated by burning
the air/combustible mixture.
All the investment made has not yet been able to generate sufficient
power to make the ignition spark "leap" further than one millimeter between the
electrode and the ceramic body of the spark plug.
As a result, the gases produced during the explosion expand acting
on the crankshaft and then being discharged through the exhaust pipe.
There is no need of spark during the diesel stage, combustion being
obtained through a pressure x temperature ratio.
As a rule, there is an approximate 66% loss in conventional
combustion systems related to thermodynamic or aerodynamic loss, friction,
load, etc.
The herein proposed ignition system represents a conceptual
revolution in this industry, comprising basically an oscillator and a triplicator
activated by a low voltage connected valve command signal, said signal can be
mechanical (rotor) or even electronic (optical sensor) generating an ionic
discharge arc within the combustion chamber, with a continuous spark during
PMS, expansion and exhaustion, in short producing an ozonization during the
aspiration and compression, thus catalyzing the wet combustion.
During the aspiration and compression stage, the potential
differential is not sufficient to close the electric arc, since the resistive stage in
the rotor path is not sufficient to bring about the ignition in the mixture or
sufficient compression to react, in face of the resistance of the combustible or
ignition emulsion inside the cylinder. On the other hand, there is an ozone (O3)
production, which enables the optimal reaction between the O3 and
hydrocarbons.
The same continuous ignition electric arc can be directly connected
to a high voltage generating source and then directed to the plasma activated
spark plug; or even to a battery or a generator, which positive pole is directly
connected to the oscillator triplicator set routed to the spark plugs.
Summarizing, the proposed systems results in a series of
advantages, such as:
• it technically burns out the combustible with a thermodynamic gain;
• it improves performance (torque x potency);
•' it is non-pollutant;
• it is independent from the ignition system;
• it reduces the engine work temperature;
•. The lubricant works below its critical temperature limit;
• it reduces consumption.
The invention is explained below with reference to attached
drawings, which are depictured in an illustrative and not in a limitative way.
Fig. 1: Schematic view of the continuous ignition system for
internal combustion engine through plasma, connected to the positive pole of the
battery or generator and the negative pole to a mechanical or electronic switch
connected to the negative;
Fig. 2: Schematic view of the continuous ignition system for
internal combustion engine through plasma, with oscillator and triplicator sets
connected to the positive pole of the battery or generator;
Fig. 3: Schematic view of the continuous ignition system for
internal combustion engine through plasma, connected to a high-voltage
generator.
The "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", object of this Invention
Patent application, basically comprising a voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator
(2) set to be installed in an internal combustion engine (M) or similar,
dispensing with the existing distributors and similar devices (not represented),
which enables through low or high voltage the creation of a continuous electric
arc inside the combustion chamber (3), which receives the air/combustible
mixture with addition of additive water, thus enabling the ozonization of the
emulsion that, upon optimal compression breaks the dielectric resistance and
generates the discharge arc, using a specific continuous ignition spark plug (V)
activated by the forth stage of the matter, i.e., plasma.
More specifically, the system preferably comprises a voltage
oscillator (1) and triplicator (2) set connected to the positive pole (+) of the
battery or generator (4) going through a contact switch (C), and the negative (-)
is connected to a low voltage source (5) in such a way to create a continuous
electric arc inside the combustion chamber (3) i.e., a discharge arc that provides
through specific spark plugs (V) the ignition through the plasma formed,
activating said spark plugs (V) through the electric resistance in the
air/combustible and water mixture, during the compression, expansion,
exhaustion and admission stages, within a four stages cycle. Variations in
temperature and pressure of the gases during the above described stages
generate ohmic resistance variations between the cathode (spark plug) and the
anode (piston), in such a way that the continuous electric arc, in other words, the
discharge arc (corona), breaks out the dielectric rigidity at the optimal time,
more specifically, when the piston (6) is at Top Dead Center (TDC). Thus, the
claimed system dispenses with analogical or binary sensors (not represented) in
order to create ignition at the optimal point, as in conventional systems.
The installation of the water feeding reservoir (not represented),
essential to the system operational capability, which can be captured before the
electrical engine or within the vacuum chamber of the engine through capillaries
(not represented). The addition of water to the combustion is important to make
up for the high thermal ratio obtained by the optimal burn of the mixture based
on this system, thus directing this heat dissipation to the interior of the
combustion chamber (3) which, during the Otto cycle, originally operates under
varied pressure and start operating under an uniform pressure, since the cylinder
always operates full of vapor.
In a preferred embodiment, the voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator
(2) set, as already mentioned, is fed by a low voltage source (5) with a switch
that is negative (8) represented by a two stages mechanic rotor (9), with half
neutral stage and half conductor stage operated through the valve command
(10), or in any other embodiment that services a specific type of engine (M). The
same negative switch can be an optical sensor (9') or another similar electronic
device.
In a second embodiment, the system can be performed by the
voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator (2) set connected to the positive pole (+) of
the battery or generator (4) going through a contact switch (C), and directly
connected to the specific spark plug (V) activated by the plasma generating the
continuous electric arc, thus dispensing with the need for the switch (9 and 9')
mentioned in the preferred embodiment.
In a third embodiment, the continuous electric arc is obtained by
means of a high voltage generating source (10') connected to the positive pole
(+) of the battery (4) or to any generator, and after going through the contact
switch (C), through a module (11) it branches out to the spark plugs (V) thus
enabling the formation of the continuous electric arc inside the combustion
chamber (3), which, in the balanced conditions largely described above
contributes to the execution of the explosion.
In general lines, the system using the same invention concept, i.e.,
the continuous electric arc inside the cylinder, obtained through low (5) or high
(10') voltage together with the addition of water in the combustion, forms an
discharge arc (corona) during the expansion and the exhaustion thus originating
ozone during the aspiration and compression and catalyzing combustion. With
small adjustments, it is possible to adapt this system to other engine stages, as
for instance, diesel.
Claims
1) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", to be installed in an
internal combustion engine (M) or similar, dispensing with the existing
distributors (not represented), wherein said system is made feasible through low
(5) or high (10') voltage forming a continuous electric arc inside the combustion
chamber (3) at the surface of the piston that receives a mixture of air,
combustible with addition of additive water, thus enabling the ozonization of the
emulsion, which, at the optimal pressure breaks out the dielectric resistance and
generates the discharge arc using for this a specific continuous ignition spark
plug (V) activated by the fourth stage of matter, i.e., plasma.
2) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", according to claim 1,
wherein said system preferably comprises a voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator
(2) set fed by a low voltage source (5) connected to positive pole (+) of the
battery or generator (4) going through a contact switch (C), which switch is the
negative (8) represented by a two-stages mechanic rotor (9), being half stage
neutral and half state conductor, activated by the command of valve (10), or in
any pther embodiment that services a specific type of engine (M).
3) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", according to claim 2,
wherein said system comprises a negative switch, which can be an optical sensor
(9') or another similar electronic device.
4) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", according to claim 1,
wherein in a second embodiment, the system is able to be performed by a
voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator (2) system connected to the positive pole (+)
of the battery or generator (4) going through a contact switch (C) and directly
connected to the specific spark plug (V) activated by plasma, thus generating the
continuous electric arc, dispensing with the switch (9 and 9') mentioned in the
preferred embodiment.
5) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA", according to claim 1,
wherein in a third embodiment, the continuous electric arc is obtained through
any high voltage generating source (10") connected to the positive pole (+) of the
battery (4) or any generator, after going through a contact switch (C)5 through a
module (11) that branches out to the spark plugs (V) causing the formation of a
continuous electric arc inside the combustion chamber (3) that provides to the
explosion.
6) "CONTINUOUS IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE THROUGH PLASMA ", according to claim 1,
wherein, through small adjustments, this system can be adapted to other engines
cycles, as for instance, diesel.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/299,978 US20090308348A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-08-16 | Continuous ignition system for internal combustion engine through plasma |
EP06761043A EP2021620A4 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-08-16 | Continuous ignition system for internal combustio engine through plasma |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRC10601626-0A BRPI0601626C1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | continuous ignition system for plasma internal combustion engine |
BRPI0601626-0 | 2006-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007128089A1 true WO2007128089A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
Family
ID=38667353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2006/000164 WO2007128089A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-08-16 | Continuous ignition system for internal combustio engine through plasma |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090308348A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2021620A4 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0601626C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007128089A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB704606A (en) | 1949-03-22 | 1954-02-24 | Raymond Devaux | Improvements in fuel economisers using electric sparks for petrol engines and the like |
DE3008100A1 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-10 | Harald 2081 Hemdingen Biesterfeldt | High compression IC engine - uses water-fuel mixture, with hydrogen produced by spark or arc electrolysis in cylinder |
DE3009100A1 (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-17 | Rotring-Werke Riepe Kg, 2000 Hamburg | Drawing pen with tubular nib - has pressure equalisation chamber formed by spiral grooves in tube inner wall |
US5718194A (en) | 1994-09-12 | 1998-02-17 | Binion; W. Sidney | In-cylinder water injection engine |
RU2131982C1 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 1999-06-20 | Курников Александр Серафимович | Method of and device for preparation of water-fuel emulsion with use of ozone |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3599617A (en) * | 1969-07-08 | 1971-08-17 | Glenn B Warren | Multiple spark system of ignition |
US4098578A (en) * | 1975-01-21 | 1978-07-04 | Stanton Anthony A | Ionization of exhaust gases |
JPS57200672A (en) * | 1981-06-02 | 1982-12-08 | Nippon Soken Inc | Laser igniting apparatus for internal-combustion engine |
US4417563A (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1983-11-29 | Brodie Durvis W | Ignition system for internal combustion engine |
US4471732A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1984-09-18 | Luigi Tozzi | Plasma jet ignition apparatus |
US4996967A (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1991-03-05 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Apparatus and method for generating a highly conductive channel for the flow of plasma current |
US5587630A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1996-12-24 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. | Continuous plasma ignition system |
DE69612829T2 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 2001-09-27 | Cons Ric Microelettronica | Highly effective voltage boost circuit that can be operated from a very low supply voltage |
JP3934891B2 (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Anodizing method and apparatus |
JP2002227657A (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-14 | Takeshi Hatanaka | Hydrogen engine, power generation system and vehicle driven thereby |
US7387115B1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-17 | Denso Corporation | Plasma ignition system |
JP4424384B2 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社デンソー | Plasma ignition device |
JP2009036123A (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-19 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Non-equilibrium plasma discharge engine |
US20090145398A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-06-11 | Kemeny Zoltan A | Internal combustion engines with surcharging and supraignition systems |
US7721697B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-05-25 | West Virginia University | Plasma generating ignition system and associated method |
-
2006
- 2006-05-08 BR BRC10601626-0A patent/BRPI0601626C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-16 US US12/299,978 patent/US20090308348A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-08-16 WO PCT/BR2006/000164 patent/WO2007128089A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-16 EP EP06761043A patent/EP2021620A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB704606A (en) | 1949-03-22 | 1954-02-24 | Raymond Devaux | Improvements in fuel economisers using electric sparks for petrol engines and the like |
DE3008100A1 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-10 | Harald 2081 Hemdingen Biesterfeldt | High compression IC engine - uses water-fuel mixture, with hydrogen produced by spark or arc electrolysis in cylinder |
DE3009100A1 (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-17 | Rotring-Werke Riepe Kg, 2000 Hamburg | Drawing pen with tubular nib - has pressure equalisation chamber formed by spiral grooves in tube inner wall |
US5718194A (en) | 1994-09-12 | 1998-02-17 | Binion; W. Sidney | In-cylinder water injection engine |
RU2131982C1 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 1999-06-20 | Курников Александр Серафимович | Method of and device for preparation of water-fuel emulsion with use of ozone |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2021620A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0601626C1 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
EP2021620A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
BRPI0601626A (en) | 2008-01-08 |
EP2021620A4 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
US20090308348A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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