WO2007123145A1 - セルロース系樹脂フィルム及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロース系樹脂フィルム及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007123145A1 WO2007123145A1 PCT/JP2007/058407 JP2007058407W WO2007123145A1 WO 2007123145 A1 WO2007123145 A1 WO 2007123145A1 JP 2007058407 W JP2007058407 W JP 2007058407W WO 2007123145 A1 WO2007123145 A1 WO 2007123145A1
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- MZHULIWXRDLGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tridecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC MZHULIWXRDLGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/911—Cooling
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- B29C48/915—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means with means for improving the adhesion to the supporting means
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/045—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique in a direction which is not parallel or transverse to the direction of feed, e.g. oblique
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
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- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
- B29C55/065—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed in several stretching steps
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
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- B29K2001/08—Cellulose derivatives
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0034—Polarising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulosic resin film and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a cellulosic resin film having quality suitable for a liquid crystal display device and a method for producing the same.
- a cellulose-based resin film is stretched to develop in-plane letter (Re) and thickness-wise letter (Rth), and used as a retardation film for a liquid crystal display device. An effort to expand the field is being implemented.
- a method of stretching such a cellulose-based resin film As a method of stretching such a cellulose-based resin film, a method of stretching in the longitudinal (longitudinal) direction of the film (longitudinal stretching) or a method of stretching in the transverse (width) direction of the film (lateral stretching) Alternatively, a method (simultaneous stretching) in which longitudinal stretching and lateral stretching are simultaneously performed can be mentioned.
- the longitudinal stretching has been used a lot because of its compact equipment.
- longitudinal stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction by heating the film to a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) between two or more pairs of up-rollers, and increasing the transport speed on the outlet side from the transport speed of the nip roller on the inlet side. This is how to do it.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of longitudinally stretching a cellulose ester. Patent Document 1 improves the angle unevenness of the slow axis by reversing the longitudinal stretching direction from the casting film forming direction.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method in which a stretch roller is installed in a stretching zone with a short roller having an aspect ratio (LZW) of 0.3 or more and 2 or less. According to Patent Document 2, the thickness direction orientation (Rth) can be improved.
- the aspect ratio here refers to the value obtained by dividing the gap (L) between the rolls used for stretching (L) by the width (W) of the film to be stretched.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-311240
- Patent Document 2 JP 2003-315551 A
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and since it is possible to suppress the occurrence of thickness unevenness in the width direction and the longitudinal direction of the cellulose-based resin film, a film having high optical characteristics is obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose-based resin film and a method for producing the same.
- the first aspect of the present invention produces a film by discharging molten resin melted by an extruder in a sheet form onto a cooling roller rotating from a die and cooling and solidifying it.
- the film-like resin is formed with a temperature distribution in the width direction of the sheet-shaped resin from the die to contact with the cooling porter within 10 ° C. It is characterized by.
- the inventor of the present invention has investigated the method of suppressing the thickness unevenness of the produced cellulose-based resin film, and as a result, the temperature distribution in the width direction of the sheet-shaped resin until contact with the die force cooling roller. We obtained the knowledge that the thickness unevenness can be suppressed by forming the film within 10 ° C.
- the melted resin melted by the extruder is discharged into a sheet on a cooling roller that also rotates with a die force and cooled and solidified to form a cell port.
- film formation is performed by setting the temperature distribution in the width direction of the sheet-shaped resin until the die force contacts the cooling roller within 10 ° C. Since the occurrence of thickness unevenness in the width direction can be particularly suppressed among the thickness unevenness, a cellulose-based resin film suitable for optical applications having uniform optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction refers to a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the temperature in the width direction of the sheet-like resin.
- a second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the die is placed on the cooling roller from the die.
- the film is formed with a temperature drop in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin until it contacts with a temperature within 20 ° C.
- film thickness unevenness can be further increased by forming the film so that the temperature drop in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin until it contacts the die force cooling roller is within 20 ° C. Can be suppressed.
- the second aspect of the present invention is particularly effective for uneven thickness in the film flow direction among uneven thickness.
- the temperature drop in the flow direction means a difference between the temperature force at the time of discharging the molten resin and the temperature at the time of landing on the cooling roller.
- At least one surface of the sheet-like resin from the die to contact with the cooling roller is a heater heating unit. Heating distance of the heater heating unit with respect to the flow direction of the sheet-like resin is 20% or more of the length of the sheet-like resin in the flow direction until the die force comes into contact with the cooling roller. It is characterized by becoming.
- the sheet-shaped resin until it contacts the die force cooling roller is heated by the heater heating unit, and the sheet shape of the heater heating unit is increased.
- the distance in the width direction of the sheet-shaped resin is adjusted so that the distance to the flow direction of the resin is 20% or more of the length in the flow direction of the sheet-shaped resin until it contacts the die force cooling roller.
- the distribution can be within 10 ° C, and the temperature drop in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin can be within 20 ° C. Therefore, the occurrence of uneven thickness of the film can be suppressed, and a cellulose-based resin film suitable for optical applications with uniform optical characteristics can be obtained.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the third aspect of the present invention, the length in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin from the die to contact with the cooling roller is within 200 mm. It is a sign.
- the length in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin until it contacts the die force cooling roller is within 200 mm, so that the temperature control in the width direction and the flow direction can be performed. It becomes easy, and the expression of thickness unevenness of the cellulose-based resin film can be suppressed.
- the heater heating unit is capable of controlling a heating temperature in a width direction of the sheet-like resin.
- the heater heating unit can control the heating temperature in the width direction of the sheet-like resin, thereby suppressing the thickness variation in the width direction among the thickness variations. ⁇ U can be.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the cover according to any one of the third to fifth aspects of the present invention, wherein the sheet-like resin and the heater heating unit are covered with a heat insulating function and a Z or heat reflecting function. It is characterized by covering with.
- the sheet-like resin and the heater heating unit until the die force comes into contact with the cooling roller and the heater heating unit are covered with a cover having a heat insulating function and a Z or heat reflecting function.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction of the sheet-like resin can be effectively suppressed, and the occurrence of uneven thickness of the film can be suppressed.
- the sheet-like resin is sandwiched between a pair of rollers, one of which is the cooling roller and the other is an elastic roller.
- the film is formed by cooling and solidification.
- the sheet-like resin extruded by die force is cooled and solidified while being sandwiched between a pair of rollers, thereby preventing streak failure and further improving the thickness accuracy. Can be made.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention is a cellulose-based resin film manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the present invention.
- thickness unevenness can be suppressed, so that a cellulose-based resin film with good optical characteristics can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a film manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 3 Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the extruder
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a film forming process section.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a pair of metal rollers in the film forming process section.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a film forming process unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a film forming process unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a film forming process unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a film manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a film forming process unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a film forming process unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the power to show an example of producing a cellulose acrylate film The present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to the production of a cellulose-based resin film other than a single-cell cellulose film.
- the pressing roller is a metal elastic roller.
- this is not a limitation.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a cellulose acylate film production apparatus!
- the manufacturing apparatus 10 mainly includes a film forming process unit 14 for manufacturing a cellulose acylate film 12 before stretching, and a cellulose acylate film 12 ′ manufactured in the film forming process unit 14. It comprises a longitudinal stretching process section 16 for longitudinal stretching, a lateral stretching process section 18 for lateral stretching, and a winding process section 20 for winding the stretched cellulose acylate film 12.
- the cellulose acylate resin melted by the extruder 22 is discharged from the die 24 into a sheet and supplied between a pair of rotating rollers 26 and 28. Then, after the cellulose acylate film 12 cooled and solidified on the roller 28 is peeled off from the roller 28, the cellulose acylate film 12 is sent to the longitudinal stretching process section 16 and the transverse stretching process section 18 in that order and stretched, and the cutting process. It is wound up into a roll at part 20. Thereby, the stretched cellulose acylate film 12, is produced.
- the longitudinal stretching process section 16 and the transverse stretching process section 18 in that order and stretched, and the cutting process.
- FIG. 2 shows a single screw extruder 22 of the film forming process section 14.
- a single screw 38 having a flight 36 on a screw shaft 34 is disposed in the cylinder 32, and a hopper force cellulose acylate not shown is supplied to the cylinder 32 through the supply port 40. Supplied in.
- the supply port 40 side force is also applied in order, the cell port supplied from the supply port 40, a supply unit (area indicated by A) for quantitatively transporting the succinate resin, and the compression for kneading and compressing the cellulose succinate resin Part (area indicated by B) and a measuring part (area indicated by C) for measuring the kneaded and compressed cellulose acylate resin.
- the cellulose acylate resin melted in the extruder 22 is continuously sent from the discharge port 42 to the die 24.
- the screw compression ratio of the extruder 22 is set to 2.5 to 4.5, and LZD is set to 20 to 50.
- the screw compression ratio is expressed by the volume ratio between the supply unit A and the weighing unit C, that is, the volume per unit length of the supply unit A ⁇ the volume per unit length of the measurement unit C. Is calculated using the outer diameter dl of the screw shaft 34, the outer diameter d2 of the screw shaft 34 of the measuring section C, the groove diameter al of the supply section A, and the groove diameter a2 of the measuring section C.
- LZD is the ratio of the cylinder length (L) to the cylinder inner diameter (D) in FIG.
- the extrusion temperature is set to 190 to 240 ° C. If the temperature in the extruder 22 exceeds 240 ° C, install a cooler (not shown) between the extruder 22 and the die 24! /.
- the extruder 22 may be a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder, but if the screw compression ratio is less than 2.5 and is too small, the extruder 22 is not sufficiently kneaded and an undissolved part is generated. , Shearing fever is small In this case, the crystals are not sufficiently melted, fine crystals are likely to remain in the cellulose acylate film after production, and bubbles are more likely to be mixed. As a result, when the cellulose acylate film 12 ′ is stretched, the remaining crystals inhibit the stretchability and the orientation cannot be sufficiently increased.
- the screw compression ratio is preferably in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, more preferably 2 It is in the range of 8 to 4.2, particularly preferably in the range of 3.0 to 4.0.
- the LZD is less than 20 and is too small, melting and kneading are insufficient, and fine crystals are likely to remain in the cellulose acylate film after production as in the case where the compression ratio is small.
- the LZD exceeds 50 and is too large, the residence time of the cellulose silicate resin in the extruder 22 becomes too long and the resin is liable to deteriorate. In addition, if the residence time is long, molecules are cut, the molecular weight is lowered, and the mechanical strength of the film is lowered.
- LZD is preferably in the range of 20-50, preferably in the range of 22-45, particularly preferably 24. It is in the range of ⁇ 40.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably 190 ° C to 240 ° C, preferably 195 ° C to 235 ° C. The range is particularly preferably in the range of 200 ° C to 230 ° C.
- Cellulose acylate resin is melted using the extruder 22 configured as described above, and this molten resin is continuously supplied to the die 24. From the tip (lower end) of the die 24, a sheet is formed. Vomiting Is issued.
- the zero shear viscosity of the cellulose acylate resin when discharged is preferably 2000 Pa'sec or less. If the zero shear viscosity exceeds 2000 Pa'sec, the molten resin discharged from the die spreads immediately after discharge and easily adheres to the tip of the die, which becomes dirty and easily causes streak failure. End up.
- the discharged sheet-like resin 12 is supplied between a pair of rollers 26 and 28 (see FIG. 1).
- rollers 26 and 28 show an embodiment of the present invention.
- one roller is constituted by a metal elastic roller 26 and the other roller is constituted by a cooling roller 28.
- Each of the rollers 26 and 28 is mirror-finished so that the surface is mirror surface or close to the mirror surface, and the arithmetic average height Ra is lOOnm or less, preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 25 nm or less.
- the rollers 26 and 28 are configured so that the surface temperature can be controlled. For example, by circulating a liquid medium such as water inside the rollers 26 and 28, the surface temperature can be controlled. .
- the roller 26 is formed with a smaller diameter than the other roller 28, and the surface is made of a metal material so that the surface temperature can be controlled with high accuracy. Yes.
- the pair of rollers 26 and 28 are rotated at the same surface speed.
- the cellulose-based resin has a high melt viscosity
- the sheet-shaped resin 12 is used for leveling. Therefore, the cellulose-based resin film 12 'formed by the melt film-forming method has uneven thickness.
- the cellulose acylate film 12 ′ is formed by setting the temperature distribution in the width direction of the sheet-like resin 12 from the die 24 to contact with the cooling roller 28 within 10 ° C.
- the thickness distribution in the width (TD) direction of the sheet-like resin 12 from the die 24 to the contact with the cooling roller 28 is within 10 ° C to suppress the occurrence of uneven thickness. it can.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction is preferably within 10 ° C, more preferably within 5 ° C, and even more preferably within 1 ° C.
- the cellulose acylate film 12 may be formed with a temperature drop in the flow (MD) direction of the sheet-like resin 12 from the die 24 to contact with the cooling roller 28 within 20 ° C. preferable.
- MD flow
- the temperature drop in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin 12 from the die 24 to contact with the cooling roller 28 is within 20 ° C.
- the occurrence of uneven thickness of the film can be further suppressed.
- the temperature drop in the flow direction is preferably within 20 ° C, more preferably within 10 ° C, and even more preferably within 5 ° C.
- the die 24 contacts the cooling roller 28.
- the width of the heater heating boot is 1.0 times or more, preferably 1.2 times or more the width of the lip 24a of the die 24, and the upper limit of the roller length of the cooling roller 28 may be used. preferable.
- the distance of the heater heating unit 25 with respect to the flow direction of the sheet-like resin 12 (the distance between the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the heater heating unit 25) is expressed as E, and the length of the sheet-like resin 12 in the flow direction is expressed as F.
- the EZF should be 20% or higher. With this configuration, the temperature distribution in the width direction of the molten resin can be kept within 10 ° C, and the temperature drop in the flow direction of the molten resin can be kept within 20 ° C.
- the length F of the sheet-like resin 12 in the flow direction is preferably within 200 mm.
- the length F in the flow direction of the molten resin By controlling the length F in the flow direction of the molten resin within 200 mm, the temperature control in the width direction and the flow direction becomes easy, and the occurrence of thickness unevenness in the cellulose acylate film 12 ′ can be suppressed.
- the length F of the sheet-like resin 12 in the flow direction is preferably 200 mm or less, more preferably 150 mm or less, and still more preferably 100 mm or less.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a pair of rollers 26, 28.
- the elastic roller 26 includes a metal cylinder (outer cylinder) 44 that forms an outer shell from an outer layer, a liquid medium layer 46, an elastic body layer (inner cylinder) 48, and a metal shaft 50 in this order.
- the outer cylinder 44 and the inner cylinder 48 of the elastic roll 26 are rotated by the rotation of the cooling port 28 that comes into contact with the sheet-like molten resin.
- the elastic roller 26 receives a reaction force from the cooling roller 28 via the sheet and elastically deforms into a concave shape following the surface of the cooling roller 28. To do.
- the metal cylinder 44 is preferably made of a metal thin film and has a seamless structure without a welded joint.
- the thickness Z of the metal tube 44 Is preferably in the range of 0.05 mm ⁇ Z ⁇ 7 Omm.
- the outer cylinder wall thickness Z of the elastic roller is 0.05 mm or less, the restoring force is small and the effect of improving the surface quality cannot be obtained, and the roller strength is reduced. Also, if it is 7.
- the thickness Z of the metal tube 44 is not a problem as long as 0.05 mm ⁇ Z ⁇ 7 Omm is satisfied, but it is more preferable that 0.2 mm ⁇ Z ⁇ 5 Omm.
- the length of contact between the elastic roller 26 of the pair of rollers 26 and 28 and the cooling roller 28 via the sheet-like cellulosic silicate resin is Q (cm), and the elastic roller 26 and the cooling roller 28 And linear pressure P and contact length Q to satisfy 3kg / cm2 ⁇ P / Q ⁇ 50kg / cm2, where P (kg / cm) is the linear pressure between the sheet-like cellulose acylate resin Is preferably set.
- P (kg / cm) is the linear pressure between the sheet-like cellulose acylate resin Is preferably set.
- the PZQ is 3 kgZcm2 or less, the pressing force that presses the resin in a planar shape is too small and the surface improvement effect is insufficient.
- the PZQ is 50 kgZcm2 or more, the pressing force is too large and residual distortion of the film occurs. And letter lettering will be manifested.
- the discharged cellulose acylate resin becomes a pair of rollers 26, 28.
- a very small liquid pool (bank) is formed between them, and this cellulose acylate resin is sandwiched between a pair of rollers 26 and 28 to form a sheet while the thickness is adjusted.
- the elastic roller 26 receives a reaction force from the cooling roller 28 through the cellulose acylate resin, and elastically deforms in a concave shape following the surface of the cooling roller 28, so that the cellulose acylate resin is elastic.
- Laura 26 The sheet is pressed into a planar shape by the cooling roller 28.
- the thickness accuracy that eliminates streak failure increases.
- the film thickness is 20 to 300 ⁇ m
- the in-plane letter Re is 20 nm or less
- the thickness direction R d Rh is 20 nm or less.
- n (MD), n (TD), and n (TH) represent the refractive index in the longitudinal (flow) direction, the width direction, and the thickness direction, and T represents the thickness in nm.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of heater heating units 25 are provided in the flow direction of the molten resin.
- the distance the distance between the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the heater heating unit 25
- EZF can easily be set to 20% or more.
- EZF is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and still more preferably 70% or more.
- the heater heating unit 25 has heaters 25a, 25a,... Arranged in the width direction, and controls the heating temperature in the width direction of the sheet-like resin 12. can do.
- the heater heating unit 25 controls the heating temperature in the width direction of the sheet-like resin 12
- uneven thickness in the width direction can be further suppressed.
- FIG. 7 it is also conceivable to cover the sheet-like resin 12 and the heater heating unit 25 with a cover 27 having a heat insulating function and a Z or heat reflecting function.
- cover 27 having a heat insulation function and Z or heat reflection function
- the present invention is not limited to the case where the film is formed by a touch roll method (see Fig. 1) in which the die resin is also cooled while being sandwiched between a pair of rollers (see Fig. 1).
- Figs. The same holds true when the film is formed by the casting drum method in which the resin extruded by the die force is cooled by the casting roller 28 'as shown in FIG.
- the heater heating unit 25 is provided only on one side of the sheet-like resin 12 to heat at least one side of the sheet-like resin 12, thereby Since the temperature distribution in the width direction of the resinous resin 12 can be made within 10 ° C., the thickness unevenness of the film 12 ′ can be suppressed.
- the cellulose acylate film 12 is first longitudinally stretched in the longitudinal direction by the longitudinal stretching step section 16.
- the longitudinal stretching process section 16 after the cellulose acylate film 12 is preheated, the cellulose acylate film 12 is heated and applied to the two rolls 30 and 31.
- the -up roll 31 on the outlet side transports the cellulose acylate film 12 at a transport speed faster than the -up roll 30 on the inlet side, whereby the cellulose acylate film 12 is moved in the vertical direction. Stretched.
- the preheating temperature in the longitudinal drawing process section 16 is preferably Tg—40 ° C or higher and Tg + 60 ° C or lower, Tg—20 ° C or higher, Tg + 40 ° C or lower is more preferable Tg or higher, Tg + 30 ° C or less is more preferable.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching section 16 is preferably Tg or more and Tg + 60 ° C or less. Tg + 2 ° C or higher and Tg + 40 ° C or lower is more preferable Tg + 5 ° C or higher and Tg + 30 ° C or lower is more preferable.
- the draw ratio in the machine direction is preferably 1.0 times or more and 2.5 times or less. 1. More preferably 1 time or more and 2 times or less.
- the cellulose acylate film 12 which has been longitudinally stretched, is sent to the transverse stretching step 18, where it is transversely stretched in the width direction.
- a tenter can be suitably used in the transverse stretching step section 18, and both ends in the width direction of the cellulose acylate film 12 are gripped by the tenter with the tenter and stretched in the transverse direction. This transverse stretching can further increase the letter decision Rth.
- Transverse stretching is preferably carried out using a tenter, and the preferred stretching temperature is Tg or more, preferably Tg + 60 ° C or less, more preferably Tg + 2 ° C or more, Tg + 40 ° C. In the following, Tg + 4 ° C or more and Tg + 30 ° C or less are more preferable.
- the draw ratio is preferably 1.0 times or more and 2.5 times or less. 1. More preferably 1 time or more and 2.0 times or less. It is also preferable to relax to either the longitudinal or lateral force or both after the transverse stretching. As a result, the slow axis distribution in the width direction can be reduced by / J.
- Re is Onm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably lOnm or more and 4 OOnm or less, more preferably 15 nm or more and 300 nm or less, Rth force Onm or more, 500 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more, It is 400 nm or less, more preferably 70 nm or more and 350 ⁇ m or less.
- the variation of Re and Rth depending on the position in the width direction and the longitudinal direction is 5% or less, more preferably 4% or less, and further preferably 3% or less.
- the film in which the thickness unevenness is suppressed in the film forming step 14 is obtained. Since the cellulose acylate film 12 can be produced, the cellulose acylate film 12 having no stretch distribution can be produced even if the cellulose acylate film 12 is stretched in the longitudinal and transverse directions. .
- the stretched cellulose acylate film 12 is wound into a roll in the winding process section 20 of FIG. At that time, it is preferable that the wetting tension of the cellulose acylate film 12 is 0.02 kgZmm 2 or less. By setting the tearing tension within such a range, the stretched cellulose acylate film 12 can be stretched without causing a letter distribution.
- a polyvalent alcohol plasticizer to the resin for producing the cellulose acylate film in the present invention.
- a plasticizer has the effect of reducing the difference in the amount of crystals on the front and back as well as lowering the elastic modulus.
- the content of a polyol friendly plasticizer is preferably 2 to 20 weight 0/0 to cellulose ⁇ shea rate.
- the content of the polyhydric alcohol plasticizer is preferably 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 3 to 18% by weight, and further preferably 4 to 15% by weight.
- the polyhydric alcohol plasticizer that can be specifically used in the present invention is a glycerin ester that has good compatibility with cellulose fatty acid esters and a remarkable thermoplastic effect.
- Glycerin ester compounds such as diglycerin esters, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and compounds in which an acyl group is bonded to the hydroxyl group of polyalkylene glycol.
- glycerin esters As specific glycerin esters, glycerin diacetate stearate, glycerin diacetate palmitate, glycerin diacetate myristate, glycerin diacetate laurate, glycerin diacetate force plate, glycerin diacetate nonanate, glycerin diacetate ota Tanoate, glycerin diacetate heptanoate, glycerin diase Tate hexanoate, glycerin diacetate pentanoate, glycerin diacetate nitrate, glyceryl acetate dicaprate, glyceryl acetate dinonate, glyceryl acetate ditactanoate, glycerin acetate diheptanoate, glyceryl acetate dicaproate, glyceryl acetate di Valerate, glyceryl acetate di
- glycerol diacetate caprylate glycerol diacetate pelargonate, glycerol diacetate force plate, glycerol diacetate laurate, glycerol diacetate myristate, glycerol diacetate panolemitate, glycerol diacetate stearate Glycerin diacetate is preferred.
- diglycerin esters include diglycerin tetraacetate, diglycerin tetrapropionate, diglycerin tetrapropylate, diglycerin tetravalerate, diglycerin tetrahexanoate, diglycerin tetraheptanoate.
- diglycerin tetraacetate, diglycerin tetrapropionate, diglycerin tetrapropylate, diglycerin tetracaprylate, and diglycerin tetralaurate are preferred.
- polyalkylene glycol examples include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200 to 1000, and these can be used alone or in combination. .
- Specific examples of the compound in which an acyl group is bonded to the hydroxyl group of polyalkylene glycol include polyoxyethylene acetate, polyoxyethylene propionate, polyoxyethylene butyrate, polyoxyethylene valerate, polyoxyethylene Oxyethylene power proate, polyoxyethylene heptanoate, polyoxyethylene otanoate, polyoxyethylene nonanate, polyoxyethylene power plate, polyoxyethylene laurate, polyoxyethylene myristate, polyoxyethylene palmitate, polyoxyethylene Stearate, polyoxyethylene oleate, polyoxyethylene linoleate, polyoxypropylene acetate, polyoxypropylene propionate, polyoxypropylene butyrate , Polyoxypropylene valerate, polyoxypropylene power proate, polyoxypropylene heptanoate, polyoxypropylene otanoate, polyoxypropylene nonate, polyoxypropylene power plate, polyoxypropylene laurate, polyoxypropylene myristate,
- the die temperature (T3) is preferably higher than T2. That is, it is preferable to increase the temperature as the melting proceeds.
- T1 is preferably a force of 150 to 200 ° C, more preferably 160 to 195 ° C, and still more preferably 165 ° C to 190 ° C.
- T2 is preferably in the range of 190 to 240 ° C, more preferably 200 to 230 ° C, and even more preferably 200 to 225 ° C. It is important that the melting temperatures T1 and T2 are 240 ° C or lower. When the temperature is exceeded, the film forming film tends to have a high resistivity. This is probably because the cellulose acylate is decomposed due to melting at high temperature, which causes cross-linking and increases the elastic modulus.
- the die temperature T3 is preferably from 20 to less than 235 ° C, more preferably from 205 to 230 ° C, still more preferably from 205 ° C to 225 ° C.
- 005-0. 5% by weight is preferable, more preferably 0.01 to 0.4% by weight, and still more preferably 0.02-0.3% by weight.
- phosphite colorants are not particularly limited, but phosphite colorants represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) are preferred.
- K and q are integers greater than 1, and p is an integer greater than 3.
- the numbers of k and q of these phosphite colorants are preferably 1 to 10. Setting it to a number of k or q or more is preferable because volatility during heating is reduced, and setting it to 10 or less improves compatibility with cellulose acetate propionate.
- the value of p is preferably 3-10. When it is 3 or more, volatility during heating is reduced, and when it is 10 or less, compatibility with cellulose acetate propionate is improved, which is preferable.
- phosphite coloration inhibitor represented by the following general formula (2) are preferably those represented by the following formulas (8), (9) and (10).
- R C 1 2 5 alkyl 3 ⁇ 4
- Phosphite stabilizers include, for example, cyclic neopentanetetraylbis (octa Decyl) phosphite, cyclic neopentanetetrayl bis (2,4 di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, cyclic neopentanetetraylbis (2,6 di-tert-butyl-1-4-methylphenol) phosphite 2,2-methylenebis (4,6 di-t-butylphenol) octyl phosphite, tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenol) phosphite, and the like.
- the weak organic acid is not particularly limited as long as it has a pKa force or higher, does not interfere with the action of the present invention, and has anti-coloring properties and physical property deterioration-preventing properties.
- Examples include tartaric acid, citrate, malic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the thioether compound include dilauryl thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and palmityl stearyl thiodipropionate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the epoxy compound include those derived from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Derivatives such as epicyclohydrin and glycerin, bullcyclohexene dioxide, 3, 4-epoxy 6 Cyclic compounds such as —methylcyclohexylmethyl-3, 4-epoxy 6-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate can also be used. Epoxy soybean oil, epoxidized castor oil, long chain hyolein oxides and the like can also be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the cellulose acylate used in the present invention is preferably a cellulose acylate satisfying all the requirements represented by the following formulas (1) to (3)! [0098] 2. 0 ⁇ A + B ⁇ 3.0 (0)
- A represents the substitution degree of the acetate group
- B represents the sum of the substitution degrees of the propionate group, the petitate group, the pentanoyl group, and the hexanol group.
- the cellulose is characterized by introducing propionate group, butyrate group, pentanoyl group and hexanol group into cellulose.
- the melting temperature can be lowered, and thermal decomposition accompanying melt film formation can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- this range force is also generated, the melting temperature and the thermal decomposition temperature approach each other, and it becomes difficult to suppress the thermal decomposition, which is not preferable.
- cellulose acylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a polymer component other than cellulose acylate may be appropriately mixed.
- cellulose raw material those derived from hardwood pulp, softwood pulp and cotton linter are preferably used.
- cellulose raw material it is preferable to use a high-purity material having an X cellulose content of 92% by mass or more and 99.9% by mass or less.
- the cellulose raw material is in the form of a film or a lump, it is preferable to pulverize it in advance. It is preferable that the pulverization of the cellulose progresses until it becomes fluffy. ! /
- the cellulose raw material is preferably subjected to a treatment (activation) in contact with an activator prior to the acylation.
- activator when water, which can use carboxylic acid or water, is used, dehydration is carried out by adding an excess of acid anhydride after the activation, or in order to replace water. It is preferable to include the following steps when washing with an acid or adjusting the conditions of the ash.
- the activator may be adjusted to any temperature and added as a method of addition such as spraying, dripping, or dipping.
- Preferred carboxylic acids as activators are carboxylic acids having 2 to 7 carbon atoms (for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2 methylpropionic acid, valeric acid, 3 methylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2 , 2-dimethylpropionic acid (pivalic acid), hexanoic acid, 2-methylvaleric acid, 3-methylvaleric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, 2,2 dimethylbutyric acid, 2,3 dimethylbutyric acid, 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, heptanoic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, etc.), more preferably acetic acid, propionic acid, or butyric acid, and particularly preferably acetic acid.
- carboxylic acids having 2 to 7 carbon atoms for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2 methylpropionic acid, valeric
- a catalyst of acyl chloride such as sulfuric acid can be further added as necessary.
- a strong acid such as sulfuric acid
- depolymerization may be promoted. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of applied force is limited to about 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to cellulose.
- Two or more activators may be used in combination, or an acid anhydride of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 7 carbon atoms may be added.
- the additive amount of the activator is preferably 5% by mass or more based on cellulose, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 30% by mass or more. . If the amount of the active agent is greater than or equal to the lower limit, the degree of the active agent of the cellulose is reduced. It is preferable because there is no problem.
- the upper limit of the addition amount of the activator is not particularly limited as long as productivity is not lowered, but it is preferably 100 times or less by mass with respect to cellulose and 20 times or less. Is more preferably 10 times or less. Even if the activator is added in a large excess to the cellulose to carry out the activation, the amount of the activator can be reduced by performing operations such as filtration, air drying, heat drying, distillation under reduced pressure, and solvent substitution. Good.
- the upper limit of the duration of activity is preferably 20 minutes or more, but is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect productivity, but is preferably 72 hours or less, more preferably 24 hours. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 12 hours or less.
- the temperature of the active layer is preferably 0 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less, more preferably 15 ° C. or more and 80 ° C. or less, more preferably 20 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less.
- the step of activating cellulose can be performed under pressure or reduced pressure. Further, electromagnetic waves such as microwaves and infrared rays may be used as a heating means.
- cellulose is hydrolyzed with an acid anhydride of rubonic acid, and reacted with Bronsted acid or Lewis acid as a catalyst to acylate the hydroxyl group of cellulose. I prefer that! /.
- a method for obtaining a cellulose mixed acylate a method of reacting two carboxylic anhydrides as an acylating agent by mixing or sequentially adding, a mixed acid anhydrous of two carboxylic acids (for example, acetic acid / propion) A method using a mixed acid anhydride), carboxylic acid and another force, a mixed acid anhydride (for example, acetic acid 'propionic acid) in a reaction system using an acid anhydride of rubonic acid (for example, acetic acid and propionic acid anhydride) as a raw material A method of synthesizing a mixed acid anhydride) and reacting it with cellulose, synthesizing a cellulose acylate having a degree of substitution less than 3, and further acylating the remaining hydroxyl group with an acid anhydride or acid halide Method can be used.
- a mixed acid anhydrous of two carboxylic acids for example, acetic acid / propion
- a mixed acid anhydride for example,
- the acid anhydride of the carboxylic acid preferably has 2 to 7 carbon atoms as the carboxylic acid.
- acetic anhydride More preferred are acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, valeric anhydride, hexanoic anhydride, heptanoic anhydride and the like, and particularly preferred are acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, Butyric anhydride.
- the mixing ratio is preferably determined according to the substitution ratio of the target mixed ester.
- the acid anhydride is usually added in excess equivalent to the cellulose. That is, it is preferable to add 1.2 to 50 equivalents to the hydroxyl group of cellulose. It is more preferable to add 1.5 to 30 equivalents. It is particularly preferable to add LO equivalents.
- Bronsted acid or Lewis acid As the acylation catalyst used in the production of cellulose acylate in the present invention, it is preferable to use Bronsted acid or Lewis acid.
- the definitions of Bronsted acid and Lewis acid are described, for example, in “The Science Dictionary”, 5th edition (2000).
- Examples of preferable Bronsted acid include sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
- preferable Lewis acids include zinc chloride, tin chloride, salt-antimony, salt-magnesium and the like.
- the catalyst is particularly preferably sulfuric acid, more preferably sulfuric acid or perchloric acid.
- a preferable addition amount of the catalyst is 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 12% by mass with respect to the cellulose.
- a solvent may be added for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity, reaction rate, stirring property, acyl substitution ratio and the like.
- solvents include dichloromethane, chloroform, carboxylic acid, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfola Power that can be used is preferably carboxylic acid, for example, carboxylic acid having 2 to 7 carbon atoms (for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, valeric acid, 3 methylbutyric acid, 2 Methylbutyric acid, 2, 2 Dimethylpropionic acid (pivalic acid), Hexanoic acid, 2-Methylvaleric acid, 3-Methylvaleric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, 2,2 Dimethylbutyric acid, 2,3 Dimethylbutyric acid, 3, 3 Dimethylbutyric acid, cyclopentanecarbox
- the acid anhydride and catalyst, and further, if necessary, the solvent may be mixed and then mixed with the cellulose, or these may be mixed separately with the cellulose. It is preferable to prepare a mixture of an acid anhydride and a catalyst or a mixture of an acid anhydride, a catalyst and a solvent as an acylating agent and react with force cellulose.
- the acylating agent is preferably cooled in advance. The cooling temperature is preferably 50 ° C to 20 ° C, more preferably 35 ° C to 10 ° C, and particularly preferably 25 ° C to 5 ° C.
- the acylating agent may be added in liquid form, or may be frozen and added as a crystal, flake or block solid.
- the acylating agent may be added to the cellulose at once or dividedly.
- cellulose may be added to the acylating agent at once or dividedly.
- the same acylating agent or a plurality of different acylating agents may be used.
- 1) a mixture of acid anhydride and solvent is added first, then the catalyst is added, 2) a mixture of part of acid anhydride, solvent and catalyst is added first, and then the rest of the catalyst is added.
- the power of cellulose acylation is an exothermic reaction.
- the maximum temperature at the time of the acylation is 50 ° C or lower. If the reaction temperature is lower than this temperature, depolymerization proceeds and suitable for the use of the present invention. This is preferable because it does not cause inconvenience such as difficulty in obtaining cellulose acylate having a degree of polymerization.
- the maximum temperature reached in the case of the cocoon is preferably 45 ° C. or less, more preferably 40 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 35 ° C. or less.
- the reaction temperature may be controlled using a temperature control device or may be controlled by the initial temperature of the acylating agent.
- the reaction vessel can be decompressed and the reaction temperature can be controlled by the heat of vaporization of the liquid component in the reaction system. Since the exotherm during the acylation is large in the initial stage of the reaction, it is possible to control such as cooling in the initial stage of the reaction and heating thereafter.
- the end point of the capillary can be determined by means such as light transmittance, solution viscosity, temperature change of the reaction system, solubility of the reaction product in an organic solvent, and observation with a polarizing microscope.
- the minimum temperature of the reaction is preferably 50 ° C or higher, more preferably 30 ° C or higher, and particularly preferably -20 ° C or higher.
- the preferred cocoon time is 0.5 hours or more and 24 hours or less, more preferably 1 hour or more and 12 hours or less, and particularly preferably 5 hours or more and 6 hours or less. When the reaction time is less than 5 hours, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently under normal reaction conditions. When the reaction time exceeds 24 hours, it is not preferable for industrial production.
- the reaction terminator is not particularly limited as long as it can decompose an acid anhydride, and includes water, alcohol (for example, ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.) or the like. A composition etc. can be mentioned. Moreover, the reaction terminator may contain a neutralizing agent described later. When adding a reaction terminator, if a large exotherm is generated that exceeds the cooling capacity of the reactor, causing the degree of polymerization of the cellulose acylate to decrease, or the cellulose acylate may precipitate in an undesired form.
- the reaction terminator may be added to the reaction vessel for the acylation or the reactant may be added to the reaction terminator vessel.
- the reaction terminator is preferably added over 3 minutes to 3 hours.
- the addition time of the reaction terminator is 3 minutes or longer, the exotherm becomes too great, causing a decrease in the degree of polymerization, insufficient hydrolysis of the acid anhydride, and the stability of cellulose acylate. It is preferable because it does not cause inconveniences such as lowering the U. If the reaction time of the reaction terminator is 3 hours or less, problems such as industrial productivity decline do not occur.
- the addition time of the reaction terminator is preferably 4 minutes or more and 2 hours or less, more preferably 5 minutes or more and 1 hour or less, and particularly preferably 10 minutes or more and 45 minutes or less.
- the reaction vessel may or may not be cooled, but for the purpose of suppressing depolymerization, it is preferable to cool the reaction vessel to suppress the temperature rise. It is also preferable to cool the reaction terminator.
- reaction termination step of the acyl chloride There is a reaction termination step of the acyl chloride.
- V After the reaction termination step of the acyl chloride, V remains in the system, hydrolysis of excess carboxylic anhydride, neutralization of part or all of the carboxylic acid and esterification catalyst.
- neutralizing agents for example calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum or zinc carbonates, acetates, hydroxides or acids
- Solvents for the neutralizing agent include water, alcohol (eg, ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), carboxylic acid (eg, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.), ketone (eg, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone).
- polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and mixed solvents thereof.
- the cellulose acylate thus obtained has a total degree of substitution of nearly 3.
- a small amount of catalyst generally, a residual acyl ether such as sulfuric acid
- the ester bond is partially hydrolyzed by maintaining at 20 to 90 ° C for several minutes to several days, and the degree of acyl substitution of cellulose acylate is reduced to the desired level. It is generally performed (so-called aging). Since the cellulose sulfate is also hydrolyzed during the partial hydrolysis, the amount of sulfate bound to cellulose can be reduced by adjusting the hydrolysis conditions.
- the catalyst remaining in the system is completely neutralized with the neutralizing agent as described above or a solution thereof, and subjected to partial hydrolysis. It is preferable to stop.
- a neutralizing agent for example, magnesium carbonate, magnesium acetate, etc.
- a catalyst for example, sulfate ester bound to the solution or cellulose can be effectively used. Also preferred to remove.
- reaction mixture for the purpose of removing or reducing unreacted substances, hardly soluble salts, and other foreign substances in cellulose acylate. Filtration can be performed in a certain process until the refining power of the basin. For the purpose of controlling filtration pressure and handleability, it is also preferable to dilute with an appropriate solvent prior to filtration.
- the cellulose acylate can be reprecipitated by mixing and the desired cellulose acylate can be obtained by washing and stabilizing treatment. Reprecipitation may be carried out continuously or batchwise by a fixed amount. It is also preferable to control the morphology and molecular weight distribution of the re-precipitated cellulose acylate by adjusting the concentration of cellulose acylate solution and the composition of the poor solvent according to the cellulose acylate substitution pattern or degree of polymerization. ,.
- the cellulose acylate produced is preferably washed. Any washing solvent may be used as long as it has a low solubility in the cell mouth monosulfate and can remove impurities, but water or warm water is usually used.
- the temperature of the washing water is preferably 25 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably 30 ° C. to 90 ° C., and particularly preferably 40 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the washing treatment may be performed in a so-called batch system in which filtration and replacement of the washing liquid are repeated, or may be carried out using a continuous washing apparatus.
- the catalyst in cellulose acylate (sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, zinc chloride, etc.), neutralizing agent (eg, calcium, magnesium) , Iron, aluminum or zinc carbonate, acetate, hydroxide or oxide), reaction product of neutralizer and catalyst, carboxylic acid (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.), neutralizer and carboxylic acid This is effective for improving the stability of cellulose silicate.
- Cellulose acylate after washing by hot water treatment is weakly alkaline (for example, carbonates, carbonates such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, etc.) in order to further improve the stability or lower the strength rubonic acid odor.
- Treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrogen salt, hydroxide, oxide, etc. is also preferable.
- the amount of residual impurities can be controlled by the amount of cleaning liquid, cleaning temperature, time, stirring method, shape of cleaning container, composition and concentration of the stabilizer.
- the conditions for the acylation, partial hydrolysis and washing are set so that the amount of residual sulfate radical (as the sulfur atom content) is 0 to 500 ppm.
- the water content of cellulose acylate is preferred, and it is preferable to dry the cellulose acylate in order to adjust the amount.
- the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the desired moisture content can be obtained. However, it is preferable that the drying method be performed efficiently by using means such as heating, air blowing, decompression and stirring alone or in combination.
- the drying temperature is preferably 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 40 to 180 ° C, and particularly preferably 50 to 160. C.
- the cellulose acylate of the present invention preferably has a moisture content of 2% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.7% by mass or less. Better!/,.
- the cellulose acylate of the present invention has various shapes such as particles, powders, fibers and lumps. Force that can be taken Since the raw material for film production is preferably in the form of particles or powder, the cellulose acylate after drying is used for uniform particle size and improved handling. Grinding or sieving may be performed.
- 90% by mass or more of the particles used preferably have a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. Further, it is preferable that 50% by mass or more of the particles to be used have a particle diameter of 1 to 4 mm.
- the cellulose acylate particles preferably have a shape as close to a sphere as possible.
- the cellulose acylate particles of the present invention preferably have an apparent density of 0.5 to 1.3, more preferably 0.7 to 1.2, and particularly preferably 0.8 to 1.15.
- the measuring method for the visual density is specified in JIS K-7365.
- the cellulose acylate particles of the present invention preferably have an angle of repose of 10 to 70 degrees, more preferably 15 to 60 degrees, and particularly preferably 20 to 50 degrees.
- the degree of polymerization of the cell mouth succinate preferably used in the present invention is an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 300, preferably 120 to 250, and more preferably 130 to 200.
- the average degree of polymerization is determined by Uda et al.'S intrinsic viscosity method (Kazuo Uda, Hideo Saito, Journal of Textile Science, 18th No. 1, pages 105-120, 1962), molecular weight distribution measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), etc. It can be measured by this method. Further details are described in JP-A-9-95538.
- the weight average degree of polymerization of cellulose acylate by GPC Z number average degree of polymerization is preferably 1.6 to 3.6, preferably 1.7 to 3.3. Even more preferred is 1.8 to 3.2.
- These cellulose acylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a polymer component other than cellulose acylate may be appropriately mixed.
- the polymer component to be mixed has a transmittance of 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, more preferably 92% or more when a film having a good compatibility with the cellulose ester is used.
- cellulose (hardwood pulp) I and 75 g of acetic acid were placed in a 5 L separable flask equipped with a reflux apparatus as a reaction vessel and stirred vigorously for 2 hours while heating in an oil bath adjusted to 60 ° C.
- the cellulose subjected to such pretreatment swelled and crushed to form a fluffy shape.
- the reaction vessel was placed in a 2 ° C. ice water bath for 30 minutes to cool.
- the reaction vessel was cooled in an ice water bath at 5 ° C., and 120 g of 25% by mass aqueous acetic acid cooled to 5 ° C. was added over 1 hour. The internal temperature was raised to 40 ° C. and stirred for 1.5 hours. Next, a solution obtained by dissolving magnesium acetate tetrahydrate in 2-fold mol of sulfuric acid in 50% by mass aqueous acetic acid was added to the reaction vessel and stirred for 30 minutes. Cellulose acetate propionate was precipitated by adding 1 L of 25% by mass hydrous acetic acid, 500 mL of 33% by mass hydrous acetic acid, 1 L of 50% by mass hydrous acetic acid and 1 L of water in this order.
- the obtained cellulose acetate propionate precipitate was washed with warm water.
- cellulose acetate propionate having a changed amount of residual sulfate radicals was obtained.
- the obtained cellulose acetate propionate had a acetylene degree of 0.30, a propio-Louis degree of 2.63, and a degree of polymerization of 320.
- the sulfate radical content was measured according to ASTM D-817-96.
- Cellulose (hardwood pulp) l00g and acetic acid 135g were placed in a 5L separable flask equipped with a reflux device as a reaction vessel and heated in an oil bath adjusted to 60 ° C for 1 hour. I left it for a while. Thereafter, the mixture was vigorously stirred for 1 hour while heating in an oil bath adjusted to 60 ° C. The cellulose subjected to such pretreatment swelled and crushed to form a fluff shape. The reaction vessel was placed in a 5 ° C ice water bath for 1 hour to sufficiently cool the cellulose.
- the obtained cellulose acetate petrate had a degree of acetylation of 0.84, a degree of petitylation of 2.12, and a degree of polymerization of 268.
- the fine particles used in the present invention include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, Mention may be made of magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate.
- silicon dioxide is preferred because fine particles containing silicon can reduce turbidity.
- the fine particles of silicon dioxide preferably have a primary average particle diameter of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70 gZ liters or more. Those having an average primary particle size as small as 5 to 16 nm are more preferred because they can reduce the haze of the film.
- the apparent specific gravity is preferably 90 to 200 gZ liter or more, more preferably 100 to 200 gZ liter or more. Higher apparent specific gravity makes it possible to make a high-concentration dispersion, which improves haze and aggregates. Therefore, it is preferable.
- These fine particles usually form secondary particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, and these fine particles exist in the film as aggregates of primary particles, and the film surface. To form irregularities of 0.1 to 3.0 m.
- the secondary average particle size is preferably from 0. to 1.5 m, more preferably from 0. to 1.2 m, and most preferably from 0.6 111 to 1. m.
- the primary and secondary particle sizes were determined by observing the particles in the film with a scanning electron microscope and determining the diameter of the circle circumscribing the particles. Further, 200 particles were observed at different locations, and the average value was taken as the average particle size.
- fine particles of silicon dioxide for example, commercially available products such as Aerosil R972, R972V, R974, R812, 200, 200V, 300, R202, 0X50, TT600 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- the fine particles of zirconium oxide are commercially available under the trade names of Aerosil R976 and R811 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and can be used.
- Aerosil 200V and Aerosil R972V are fine particles of silicon dioxide with an average primary particle diameter of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70 gZ liters or more. This is particularly preferable because it has a great effect of reducing the coefficient of friction while keeping it low.
- ultraviolet ray inhibitors for example, hydroxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, etc.
- infrared absorbers for example, hydroxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, etc.
- optical modifiers for example, hydroxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, etc.
- surface activity Agents and odor trapping agents such as amines
- the infrared absorbing dye for example, those disclosed in JP-A-2001-194522 can be used, and as the ultraviolet absorber, for example, those described in JP-A-2001-151901 can be used, each of which is cellulose acylate. 0.001 to 5 weight 0/0 arbitrariness is preferable be contained against.
- the optical adjusting agent include letter decision adjusting agents. For example, those described in JP-A-2001-166144, JP-A-2003-344655, JP-A-2003-248117, and JP-A-2003-66230 are used.
- the in-plane letter decision (Re) and the thickness direction letter decision (Rth) can be controlled.
- a preferable amount of applied force is 0 to: L0 wt%, more preferably 0 to 8 wt%, and still more preferably 0 to 6 wt%.
- the cellulose acylate mixture (a mixture of cellulose acylate, plasticizer, stabilizer, and other additives) preferably satisfies the following physical properties.
- the thermoplastic cellulose acetate propionate composition of the present invention has a weight loss ratio at 220 ° C. of 5% by weight or less.
- the weight loss rate by heating means the weight loss rate at 220 ° C when the temperature of the sample is raised from room temperature at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° CZ in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the weight loss on heating can be reduced to 5% by weight or less. More preferably, it is 3% by weight or less, and further preferably 1% by weight or less. By doing so, it is possible to suppress failures (bubble generation) that occur during film formation.
- thermoplastic cellulose acetate propionate composition of the present invention has a melt viscosity at 220 ° C. and lsec ⁇ 1 of OO to 1000 Pa′sec, preferably S, more preferably 200 to 800 Pa • sec, and even more preferably 300 to 700 Pa ′. sec.
- a melt viscosity at 220 ° C. and lsec ⁇ 1 of OO to 1000 Pa′sec, preferably S, more preferably 200 to 800 Pa • sec, and even more preferably 300 to 700 Pa ′. sec.
- Such adjustment of the viscosity may be achieved by any method, but can be achieved by, for example, the degree of polymerization of cellulose acylate and the amount of an additive carotenant such as a plasticizer.
- the cellulose acylate and additives are preferably mixed and pelletized prior to melt film formation.
- Cellulose acylate and additives should be dried in advance for pereztoy koji. However, this can be substituted by using a vent type extruder.
- the force that can be used as a drying method such as a method of heating at 90 ° C. for 8 hours or more in a heating furnace, is not limited to this.
- Pereztoy rice cake is made by melting the above cellulose acylate and additives with a twin-screw kneading extruder at 150 ° C or higher and 250 ° C or lower, then extruding into noodles and solidifying and cutting in water. be able to.
- pelletization may be performed by an underwater cutting method, in which the material is melted by an extruder and cut while being directly extruded from a die into water.
- the preferred pellet size is a cross-sectional area of lmm 2 or more and 300mm 2 or less, and a length of lmm or more and 3 Omm or less, more preferably a cross-sectional area of 2mm 2 or more and 100mm 2 or less, and a length of 1.5mm. More than 10mm.
- the above additives can be thrown from a raw material inlet or a ventroca in the middle of the extruder.
- the rotation speed of the extruder is preferably from 1Orpm to 1OOOOrpm, more preferably from 20rpm to 700rpm, and even more preferably from 30rpm to 500rpm. Accordingly, when the rotation speed is slow, the residence time becomes long, which is not preferable because the molecular weight is lowered or the yellowish color is liable to deteriorate due to thermal deterioration. On the other hand, if the rotational speed is too high, the molecules are likely to be cut by shearing, and problems such as a decrease in molecular weight and an increase in the number of cross-linked gels are likely to occur.
- the extrusion residence time in Perettoy rice cake is not less than 10 seconds and not more than 30 minutes, more preferably not less than 15 seconds and not more than 10 minutes, and further preferably not less than 30 seconds and not more than 3 minutes. If sufficient melting is possible, it is preferable that the residence time is short in that the deterioration of the fat and the yellowing can be suppressed.
- Pellet prior to melt film formation which is preferably used with the above-mentioned method. It is preferred to reduce the moisture in it.
- the drying method is often dried using a dehumidifying air dryer, but is not particularly limited as long as the desired moisture content can be obtained (heating, blowing, decompression, stirring, etc. alone or in combination. It is preferable that the drying is carried out efficiently, and it is more preferable that the drying hopper has a heat insulating structure.
- the drying temperature is preferably 0 to 200 ° C., more preferably 40 to 180 ° C., and particularly preferably 60 to 150 ° C. If the drying temperature is too low, it takes a long time to dry, and the moisture content is not preferable because it does not fall below the target value.
- drying temperature is too high, the resin adheres and blocks, which is preferable.
- Properly preferred amount of drying air used is 20 to 400 m 3 Z times, more preferably 50 to 300 m 3 Z times, particularly preferably 100 to 250 m 3 Z time. Low drying air volume and low drying efficiency are preferable. On the other hand, even if the air volume is increased, if the air flow exceeds a certain level, further improvement in drying effect is small and not economical.
- the dew point of air is preferably 0 to 1-60 ° C, more preferably 10 to 1500 ° C, and particularly preferably -20 to -40 ° C.
- the drying time is required to be at least 15 minutes, more preferably 1 hour or more, and particularly preferably 2 hours or more.
- the cellulosic hydrate of the present invention preferably has a moisture content of 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.01% by mass or less. preferable.
- the cellulose acylate resin described above is supplied into the cylinder through a supply port of an extruder (separate from the above-mentioned pelletizer extruder).
- a supply unit (region A) for quantitatively transporting cellulose acylate resin supplied from the supply port in order from the supply port side, a compression unit (region B) for melt kneading and compressing cellulose acylate resin, and melt kneading 'Consists of a weighing section (area C) for weighing compressed cellulose acylate resin.
- the resin is preferably dried in order to reduce the water content by the above-mentioned method, but in order to prevent the molten resin from being oxidized by the remaining oxygen, the inside of the extruder is in an inert (nitrogen or the like) air stream, or With vent It is more preferable to carry out the process while evacuating using a feed extruder.
- the screw compression ratio of the extruder is set to 2.5 to 4.5, and LZD is set to 20 to 70.
- the screw compression ratio is expressed as the volume ratio between the supply unit A and the measurement unit C, that is, the volume per unit length of the supply unit A ⁇ the volume per unit length of the measurement unit C.
- LZD is the ratio of cylinder length to cylinder inner diameter.
- the extrusion temperature is set to 190-240 ° C. If the temperature in the extruder exceeds 240 ° C, a cooler should be installed between the extruder and the die.
- the screw compression ratio is less than 2.5 and is too small, it will not be sufficiently melt-kneaded and undissolved parts will occur, or the heat generated by shearing will be too small, resulting in insufficient melting of the crystals. Fine crystals are likely to remain in the acylate film, and bubbles are more likely to be mixed. As a result, the strength of the cellulose acylate film is reduced, or when the film is stretched, the remaining crystals inhibit the stretchability and the orientation cannot be sufficiently increased. On the other hand, if the screw compression ratio exceeds 4.5, the shear stress becomes too strong and the resin is liable to deteriorate due to heat generation, so the cellulose acylate film after production tends to have a yellowish color. .
- the screw compression ratio should be in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 in order to make the cellulose acylate film after production difficult to produce a yellowish color and have a high film strength and is difficult to break.
- it is in the range of 2.8 to 4.2, and especially in the range of 0 to 4.0.
- the LZD is less than 20 and is too small, melting and kneading are insufficient, and fine crystals are likely to remain in the cellulose acylate film after production, as in the case where the compression ratio is small.
- the LZD exceeds 70 and is too large, the residence time of the cellulose acylate resin in the extruder becomes too long, and it is easy to cause deterioration of the resin.
- the residence time is prolonged, the molecular breakage occurs or the molecular weight is lowered, so that the mechanical strength of the cellulose acylate film is lowered.
- LZD is preferably in the range of 20 to 70, more preferably 22 to 65. In the range, particularly preferably 24-50 It is a range.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably in the above-mentioned temperature range.
- the cellulose succinate film thus obtained has characteristic values having a haze of 2.0% or less and a yellow index (YI value) of 10 or less.
- the haze is an index indicating whether the extrusion temperature is too low, in other words, an index for knowing the number of crystals remaining in the cellulose acylate film after production, and the haze exceeds 2.0%.
- the yellow index (YI value) is an index for knowing whether the extrusion temperature is too high. If the yellow index (YI value) is 10 or less, there is no problem in terms of yellowness.
- extruder As a type of extruder, there are screw types such as full flight, Maddock, Dalmage, etc., where single-screw extruders with relatively low equipment costs are generally used, but thermal stability comparison The full flight type is preferred for cellulose acylate resin. In addition, it is possible to use a twin-screw extruder that can extrude while volatilizing unnecessary volatile components by providing a vent port in the middle by changing the screw segment, which is expensive equipment cost. There are two types of shaft extruders: the same direction and different types, which can be used. However, the type of co-rotation with high self-cleaning performance is preferred because it is unlikely to cause a stagnant portion.
- the twin-screw extruder is expensive, it has a high kneadability and a high supply capability of the resin, so that it can be extruded at a low temperature. Therefore, it is suitable for film formation of cell mouth acetate resin.
- By appropriately arranging the vent opening it is possible to use the cellulose acylate pellets and powder in an undried state as they are. Also, film smears produced during film formation can be reused as they are without drying.
- the preferred screw diameter varies depending on the target extrusion rate per unit time, but is 10 mm or more and 300 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or more and 250 mm or less, and even more preferably 30 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
- a filter medium at the outlet of the extruder to filter foreign matter in the resin and to prevent damage to the gear pump due to foreign matter.
- a filtration device incorporating a so-called leaf type disk filter after passing through the gear pump. Filtration can be performed with a single filtration section, or multi-stage filtration can be performed with multiple areas.
- the filtration accuracy of the filter medium is preferably higher. However, the filtration accuracy is preferably 15 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m due to the pressure resistance of the filter medium and the increase in filtration pressure due to clogging of the filter medium. is there.
- the filter medium when using a leaf-type disk filter device that finally filters foreign matter, it is preferable to use a filter medium with high filtration accuracy in terms of quality. Can be adjusted.
- the types of filter media are steel materials that are preferred to be used because they are used at high temperatures and pressures. Of these, stainless steel and steel are particularly preferred. It is desirable to use it.
- the filter medium can be a sintered filter medium that is formed by sintering long metal fibers or metal powder. Sintered filter material is also preferred for filtering accuracy and filter life point. ,.
- a gear pump is provided between the extruder and the die, and a certain amount of cellulose silicate resin is supplied from the gear pump. Is effective.
- the gear pump is housed in a state where a pair of gears consisting of a drive gear and a driven gear are held together, and the suction port formed in the housing is driven by driving the drive gear and rotating both gears. Then, the molten resin is sucked into the cavity, and a discharge loca formed on the housing also discharges a certain amount of the resin.
- a method of controlling the pressure before the gear pump to be constant by changing the number of rotations of the screw can also be used.
- a high-precision gear pump using three or more gears that eliminates the gear pump gear variation is also effective.
- Another advantage of using a gear pump is that the film can be formed by lowering the pressure at the screw tip, reducing energy consumption 'preventing a rise in oil temperature', improving transport efficiency, and shortening the residence time in the extruder. . Expected to shorten the LZD of the extruder.
- the amount of grease supplied from the screw may fluctuate as the filtration pressure rises.
- gear pumps are that the length of the equipment increases, the residence time of the resin increases, and the chain breakage occurs due to the shear stress of the gear pump, depending on the equipment selection method. There is a need for caution.
- the preferred residence time of the resin until it enters the feeding loca extruder and die force is 2 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less, more preferably 3 minutes or more and 40 minutes or less, and even more preferable. It is preferably 4 minutes or more and 30 minutes or less.
- the polymer pipes and adapters that connect the extruder and gear pump or gear pump and die must also be designed with as little stagnation as possible, and the extrusion pressure stability of the cellulose acylate resin, which has a high temperature dependence of melt viscosity. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the temperature fluctuation as much as possible.
- band heaters with low equipment costs are often used to heat polymer tubes, but temperature fluctuations are less! /, And it is more preferable to use aluminum-encased heaters.
- the cellulose acylate resin is melted by the extruder configured as described above, and the molten resin is continuously fed to the die via a filter and a gear pump as necessary.
- Die is da Any type of commonly used ⁇ die, fishtail die, or hanger coat die may be used as long as the molten resin stays in the die. It is also a problem to put a static mixer just before the T die to increase the uniformity of the resin temperature.
- the clearance at the T-die outlet is generally 1.0 to 5.0 times the film thickness, preferably 1.2 to 3 times, and more preferably 1.3 to 2 times. When the lip clearance is less than 1.0 times the film thickness, it is difficult to obtain a sheet having a good surface shape by film formation.
- the die is a very important facility for determining the thickness accuracy of the film, and a die that can control the thickness adjustment severely is preferable.
- the thickness can be adjusted at 40 to 50 mm intervals, preferably 35 mm or less, more preferably 25 mm or less.
- cellulose acylate resin is highly temperature dependent and shear rate dependent on melt viscosity, it is important to design a die that has as little temperature unevenness as possible and uneven flow velocity in the width direction.
- an automatic thickness adjustment die that measures the film thickness downstream, calculates the thickness deviation, and feeds the result back to the die thickness adjustment is also effective in reducing thickness fluctuations in long-term continuous production.
- the molten resin extruded from the die onto the sheet by the above method is extruded into a sheet on the cooling drum.
- the thickness unevenness in the width direction can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the lips of the die.
- the cooling drum is preferably 60 ° C or higher and 160 ° C or lower, more preferably 70 ° C or higher and 150 ° C or lower, and further preferably 80 ° C or higher and 140 ° C or lower. After this, the cooling drum force is peeled off, and after passing through a take-up roller (two-up roller), it is wound up.
- the winding speed is preferably 10 mZ min or more and 100 mZ min or less, more preferably 15 mZ min or more and 80 mZ min or less, more preferably It is 20mZ or more and 70mZ or less.
- the film forming width is 0.7 m or more and 5 m or less, more preferably lm or more and 4 m or less, and further preferably 1.3 m or more and 3 m or less.
- the thickness of the unstretched film thus obtained is preferably 30 m or more and 400 m or less, more preferably 40 m or more and 300 m or less, and further preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface of the touch roll may be a metal roll such as rubber or Teflon (registered trademark). Furthermore, it is also possible to use a roll called a flexible roll because the surface of the roll is slightly dented by the pressure applied when the thickness of the metal roll is reduced, and the crimping area is increased.
- the touch roll temperature is preferably 60 ° C or higher and 160 ° C or lower, more preferably 70 ° C or higher and 150 ° C or lower, and further preferably 80 ° C or higher and 140 ° C or lower.
- the sheet thus obtained is preferably trimmed at both ends and wound up.
- the trimmed part is pulverized, or after granulation, depolymerization / repolymerization, etc., if necessary, as a film raw material of the same type or as a raw material for different types of film. May be reused as
- the trimming cutter may be any type such as a rotary cutter, shear blade, knife or the like.
- the material either carbon steel or stainless steel may be used.
- a preferred winding tension is not less than 1 kgZm width and not more than 50 kgZm width, more preferably not less than 2 kgZm width and not more than 40 kgZm width, and further preferably not less than 3 kgZm width and not more than 20 kgZm width.
- the winding tension is smaller than lkgZm width, it is difficult to wind the film uniformly.
- the take-up tension exceeds 50 kgZm, the film becomes tightly wound, and the roll edge of the film is extended due to the tally phenomenon, causing only the appearance of the roll to deteriorate. Or residual birefringence due to film elongation occurs.
- the winding tension is detected by tension control in the middle of the line and is controlled while maintaining a constant winding tension. It is preferable to scrape off. If there is a difference in film temperature depending on the location of the film production line, the length of the film may be slightly different due to thermal expansion. It is necessary to make sure that the tension is not applied.
- the take-up tension is a force that can be taken up at a constant tension by controlling tension control. It is more preferable to taper the take-up tension to the appropriate take-up tension according to the wound diameter. Generally, the tension is gradually reduced as the winding diameter increases, but in some cases, it may be preferable to increase the tension as the winding diameter increases.
- Re and Rth represent in-plane letter thickness and thickness direction letter decisions, respectively.
- Re is measured with KOBRA 21A DH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) by making light incident in the normal direction of the film.
- Rth is the above-mentioned Re and letter data measured by injecting directional force light inclined at + 40 ° and -40 ° with respect to the film normal direction with the in-plane slow axis as the tilt axis (rotation axis). Calculate based on the letter values measured from three directions.
- the angle 0 between the film forming direction (longitudinal direction) and the slow axis of Re of the film is 0 °, + 90 ° or 90 ° closer.
- the total light transmittance is preferably 90% to 100%, more preferably 91 to 99%, and still more preferably 92 to 98%.
- the preferred haze is 0 to 1%, more preferably 0 to 0.8%, and still more preferably 0 to 0.6%.
- Thickness unevenness is more preferably 0% or more and 4% or less in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- It is 0% or more and 3% or less, more preferably 0% or more and 2% or less.
- the tensile elastic modulus is preferably 1.5 kNZmm 2 or more, more preferably 5 kNZmm 2 or less, more preferably
- the breaking elongation is preferably 3% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 80% or less. Preferably, it is 8% or more and 50% or less.
- Tg refers to the Tg of the film, that is, the Tg of the mixture of cellulose acylate and additive) is 95.
- Thermal dimensional change at 80 ° C for 1 day in both vertical and horizontal directions is preferably 0% or more ⁇ 1% or less, more preferably 0% or more ⁇ 0.5% or less, more preferably 0% or more ⁇ 0 3% or less.
- 40 ° water permeability at C90% rh is 300gZm 2 'or more days lOOOgZm 2' days more preferably less preferred instrument 400gZm 2 'or more days 900gZm 2' days or less, more preferably 500gZm 2 'or more days 800gZm 2 'days or less.
- the equilibrium water content at 25 ° C 80% rh is more preferably lwt% or more and 4wt% or less, more preferably
- the film formed by the above method may be stretched. This makes it possible to control Re and Rth
- Stretching is preferably carried out at Tg or more and Tg + 50 ° C or less, more preferably Tg + 3 ° C or more, Tg + 30 ° C or less, and further preferably Tg + 5 ° C or more Tg + 20 ° C or less.
- a preferred stretching ratio is 1% or more and 300% or less, more preferably 2% or more and 250% or less, and further preferably 3% or more and 200% or less on at least one side. Although it may be stretched evenly in the vertical and horizontal directions, it is more preferable to stretch one of the stretch ratios more than the other so as to stretch unevenly.
- Either length (MD) or width (TD) may be increased, but the smaller draw ratio is preferably 1% or more and 30% or less, more preferably 2% or more and 25% or less, and even more preferably 3 % Or more and 20% or less.
- the larger draw ratio is 30% or more and 300% or less, more preferably 35% or more and 200% or less, and still more preferably 40% or more and 150% or less. These stretching may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages.
- the draw ratio here is determined using the following equation.
- Stretch ratio (%) 100 X ⁇ (Length after stretching)-(Length before stretching) ⁇ Z (Length before stretching) Such stretching increased the peripheral speed on the exit side 2
- a pair of or more rolls may be used to stretch the film in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal stretching). It may be spread in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (lateral stretching).
- JP 2000-37772, JP 2 001-113591, JP 2002-103445 [Various biaxial extension methods described above may be used.
- Re and Rth in the case of longitudinal stretching, it can also be achieved by controlling the value (aspect ratio) obtained by dividing the distance between the rolls by the film width. That is, the RthZRe ratio can be increased by reducing the aspect ratio.
- Re and R th can be controlled by combining longitudinal stretching and lateral stretching. That is, Re can be reduced by reducing the difference between the longitudinal draw ratio and the transverse draw ratio, and Re can be increased by increasing this difference.
- Re and Rth of the cellulose acylate film thus stretched satisfy the following formula.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the film forming direction (longitudinal direction) and the slow axis of Re of the film is preferably closer to 0 °, + 90 ° or 90 °. That is, in the case of longitudinal stretching, the closer to 0 °, the better. 0 ⁇ 3 ° is more preferred, 0 ⁇ 2 ° is more preferred, and 0 ⁇ 1 ° is even more preferred. In the case of lateral stretching, 90 ⁇ 3 ° or -90 ⁇ 3 ° is preferred, more preferably 90 ⁇ 2 ° or one 90 ⁇ 2 °, and even more preferably 90 ⁇ 1 ° or one 90 ⁇ 1 ° It is.
- the thickness unevenness of the cellulose acylate film after stretching is preferably 0% or more and 3% or less in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction, more preferably 0% or more and 2% or less, and even more preferably 0% or more 1 % Or less.
- the physical properties of the stretched cellulose acylate film are preferably in the following ranges!
- Tensile modulus is 1.5 kNZmm 2 or more 3. Less than OkNZmm 2 is more preferable
- the elongation at break is preferably 3% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 80% or less, and further preferably 8% or more and 50% or less.
- Tg (which refers to the Tg of the film, that is, the Tg of the mixture of cellulose acylate and additive) is 95
- Thermal dimensional change at 80 ° C for 1 day in both vertical and horizontal directions is preferably 0% or more ⁇ 1% or less, more preferably 0% or more ⁇ 0.5% or less, more preferably 0% or more ⁇ 0 3% or less.
- 40 ° water permeability at C90% preferably 300gZm 2 'or more days lOOOgZm 2' days Ri is I preferred instrument following 400gZm 2 'or more days 900gZm 2' days or less, more preferably 500gZm 2 'or more days 800gZm 2 'days or less.
- the equilibrium water content at 25 ° C 80% rh is preferably 1wt% or more and 4wt% or less, more preferably
- the thickness is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 180 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the haze is 0% or more and 2.0% or less, more preferably 0% or more and 1.5% or less, and still more preferably 0% or more and 1% or less.
- the total light transmittance is preferably 90% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 91% or more and 99% or less.
- each functional layer for example, the undercoat layer and the back layer.
- glow discharge treatment ultraviolet irradiation treatment, corona treatment, flame treatment, acid or alkali treatment can be used.
- the glow one discharge treatment as referred to herein, preferred plasma treatment under Yogu Furthermore atmospheric pressure even at a low temperature plasma generated in a low-pressure gas 10 one 3 ⁇ 20 Torr.
- the ma-excitable gas is a gas excited by plasma, chloromethane, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons such as tetrafluoromethane, and the like. Examples thereof include a mixture thereof. Details of these are described in detail on pages 30 to 32 in the Japan Society for Invention and Innovation Technical Report (Public Technical Number 2001-1745, published on March 15, 2001, Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation).
- irradiation energy of 20 to 500 Kgy is used under 10 to 1000 Kev, and more preferably irradiation energy of 20 to 300 Kgy is used under 30 to 500 Kev.
- an alkali hatching treatment is particularly preferable, and it is extremely effective as a surface treatment of a cellulose acylate film.
- JP 2003-3266, 2003-229299, 2004-322928, 2005-76088, etc. can be used.
- the alkaline liquid treatment may be performed by applying a liquid that may be immersed in the liquid.
- a liquid that may be immersed in the liquid.
- an aqueous solution with a pH of 10 to 14 such as NaOH or KOH is passed through a bath heated to 20 ° C to 80 ° C for 0.1 to 10 minutes, then neutralized, washed with water, and dried. Can be achieved.
- a dip coating method a curtain coating method, an etching coating method, a bar coating method, and an E-type coating method can be used.
- the solvent of the alkali hatching coating solution has good wettability because it is applied to the transparent support of the incubation solution, and the surface of the transparent support surface is not formed by the acid solution solvent without forming irregularities. It is preferable to select a solvent that keeps the shape good. Specifically, isopropyl alcohol is preferred because alcohol-based solvents are preferred. An aqueous solution of a surfactant can also be used as a solvent.
- the alkali of the alkaline solution coating solution is more preferably KOH or NaOH, preferably an alkali that dissolves in the above solvent.
- the pH of the hatching coating solution is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more.
- the reaction conditions during alkaline oxidation are preferably 1 second to 5 minutes at room temperature, more preferably 5 seconds to 5 minutes, and even more preferably 20 seconds to 3 minutes. After the alkali hatching reaction, it is preferable that the surface on which the liquid solution is applied is washed with water or acid and then washed with water. Further, the coating-type oxidation treatment and the alignment film uncoating described later can be performed continuously, and the number of steps can be reduced. Specific examples of these methods are described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-82226 and WO02 / 46809.
- an undercoat layer for adhesion to the functional layer has the above surface treatment Then, it may be applied without any surface treatment that may be applied.
- the stretched and unstretched cellulose acylate films of the present invention are described in detail in pages 32 to 45 of the Japan Institute of Invention Technology (Publication No. 2001-1745, published on March 15, 2001, Japan Society of Inventions). It is preferable to combine functional layers. Among them, I prefer
- polarizing layer polarizing plate
- optical compensation layer optical compensation film
- antireflection layer antireflection film
- hard coat layer application of hard coat layer
- a commercially available polarizing layer is generally produced by immersing a stretched polymer in a solution of iodine or dichroic dye in a bath and allowing the iodine or dichroic dye to penetrate into the binder. It is.
- a coating type polarizing film represented by Optiva Inc. can also be used. Iodine and dichroic dye in the polarizing film exhibit deflection performance by being oriented in the binder.
- the dichroic dye an azo dye, a stilbene dye, a pyrazolone dye, a triphenolate dye, a quinoline dye, an oxazine dye, a thiazine dye or an anthraquinone dye is used.
- the dichroic dye is preferably water-soluble.
- the dichroic dye preferably has a hydrophilic substituent (eg, sulfo, amino-containing hydroxyl).
- a hydrophilic substituent eg, sulfo, amino-containing hydroxyl
- the binder of the polarizing film either a polymer that can be crosslinked by itself or a polymer that is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent can be used, and a plurality of combinations thereof can be used.
- the binder include a metatarylate-based copolymer, a styrene-based copolymer, a polyolefin, a polyvinyl alcohol, a modified polybulal alcohol, and a poly (N—) described in paragraph No. [0022] of JP-A-8-338913.
- Methylolacrylamide Polyester, polyimide, butyl acetate copolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose, polycarbonate and the like.
- Silane coupling agents can be used as the polymer.
- Water-soluble polymers eg, poly (N-methylol acrylamide), carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, polybulal alcohol, and modified polybulal alcohol
- More preferred are polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol.
- the degree of hatching of polybulal alcohol is preferably 70 to 100% strength S, more preferably 80 to 100%.
- the degree of polymerization of polybulal alcohol is preferably 100 to 5,000.
- Polybulal alcohol and modified polybulal alcohol may be used in combination of two or more! /.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the noinder is preferably 10 m.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably as thin as possible from the viewpoint of light leakage of the liquid crystal display device. It is preferably less than or equal to a commercially available polarizing plate (about 30 m), preferably less than 25 m, and more preferably less than 20 m.
- the polarizing film binder may be cross-linked.
- a polymer having a crosslinkable functional group or a monomer may be mixed in the binder.
- the binder polymer itself may be provided with a crosslinkable functional group.
- Crosslinking can be performed by light, heat, or pH change, and can form a noinder with a crosslinked structure.
- the crosslinking agent is described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 2,329,7. Boron compounds (eg, boric acid, borax) can also be used as a crosslinking agent.
- the amount of the crosslinking agent added to the binder is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the binder. The orientation of the polarizing element and the wet heat resistance of the polarizing film are improved.
- the unreacted crosslinking agent is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. By doing so, the weather resistance is improved.
- the polarizing film is preferably dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye after the force for stretching the polarizing film (stretching method) or rubbing (rubbing method).
- the stretching ratio is preferably 2.5 to 30.0 times, more preferably 3.0 to 10.0 times. Stretching can be performed by dry stretching in air. Moreover, you may implement wet extending
- the draw ratio of dry drawing is preferably 2.5 to 5.0 times.
- the draw ratio of wet drawing is preferably 3.0 to 10.0 times. Stretching may be performed in parallel in the MD direction (parallel stretching) or in an oblique direction (oblique stretching). These stretching may be performed once or divided into several times. By dividing into several times, even uniform stretching can be performed more uniformly. More preferred is diagonal stretching in which a 10-degree force is tilted in an oblique direction with an inclination of 80 degrees.
- the PVA film Prior to stretching, the PVA film is swollen. The degree of swelling is 1.2 to 2.0 times (mass ratio before swelling and after swelling). Thereafter, the film is stretched at a bath temperature of 15 to 50 ° C., preferably 17 to 40 ° C. in an aqueous medium bath or in a dye bath for dissolving a dichroic substance while being continuously conveyed through a guide roll or the like. Stretching can be achieved by gripping with two pairs of up-rolls and increasing the transport speed of the back-up rolls higher than that of the previous stage.
- the draw ratio is based on the length ratio of the initial Z after drawing (hereinafter the same), but the draw ratio is preferably 1.2 to 3.5 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3.0, in view of the above effects. Is double. Thereafter, it is dried at 50 ° C. to 90 ° C. to obtain a polarizing film.
- a method of stretching using a tenter protruding in an oblique direction and inclined in the oblique direction described in JP-A-2002-86554 can be used. Since this stretching is performed in the air, it is necessary to make it easy to stretch by adding water in advance.
- the moisture content is preferably 5% or more and 100% or less, and the stretching temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less.
- the humidity during stretching is preferably 50% rh or more and 100% rh or less.
- the absorption axis of the polarizing film obtained in this manner is preferably 10 to 80 degrees, more preferably 30 degrees and also 60 degrees, and even more preferably substantially 45 degrees (40 to 50 degrees). ).
- a polarizing plate is prepared by laminating the stretched and unstretched cellulose acylate film after the above-mentioned hatching and the polarizing layer prepared by stretching. There are no particular restrictions on the direction of bonding, but the cell The direction of the casting axis of the rosacylate film and the direction of the stretching axis of the polarizing plate are 0, 45 and 90 degrees! It's better to do so. /.
- Adhesive for bonding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include PVA-based resins (including modified PVA such as acetoacetyl group, sulfonic acid group, carboxyl group, and oxyalkylene group) and boron compound aqueous solution. Of these, PVA-based resin is preferable.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.01 to 10 m after drying, particularly preferably 0.05 to 10!
- Examples of the laminated layer structure include the following.
- A represents an unstretched film of the present invention
- B represents a stretched film of the present invention
- T represents a cellulose triacetate film (Fujitac)
- P represents a polarizing layer.
- a and B may be the same or different cellulose acetates.
- B In the case of the configuration of 2), B may be the same or different cellulose acetate having the same composition, or may be the same or different.
- either may be used as the liquid crystal surface.
- the force that a substrate containing a liquid crystal is usually disposed between two polarizing plates can be freely combined with the conventional polarizing plates (TZPZT).
- the polarizing plate thus obtained preferably has a higher light transmittance and a higher degree of polarization.
- the transmittance of the polarizing plate is preferably in the range of 35 to 50%, more preferably in the range of 35 to 50%, and more preferably in the range of 40 to 50% in the light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the degree of polarization is most preferably in the range of 99 to 100%, more preferably in the range of 95 to 100%, more preferably in the range of 90 to 100%, for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the polarizing plate thus obtained can be laminated with a ⁇ 4 plate to produce circularly polarized light.
- the ⁇ ⁇ 4 plate is laminated so that the slow axis of the 4 plate and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate are 45 degrees.
- the ⁇ 4 plate is not particularly limited, but more preferably a plate having a wavelength dependency such that the lower the wavelength, the smaller the letter retardation.
- a protective film may be bonded to one surface of these polarizing plates, and a separate film may be bonded to the other surface.
- the protective film and the separate film are used for the purpose of protecting the polarizing plate at the time of shipping the polarizing plate and at the time of product inspection.
- the optically anisotropic layer is for compensating for the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal cell in the black display of the liquid crystal display device, and forms an alignment film on the stretched and unstretched cellulose acylate film, and further optically It is formed by applying an anisotropic layer.
- An alignment film is provided on the surface-treated stretched and unstretched cellulose acylate film.
- This film has a function of defining the alignment direction of liquid crystalline molecules.
- the alignment film plays the role, and thus is not necessarily an essential component of the present invention. That is, it is also possible to produce the polarizing plate of the present invention by transferring only the optically anisotropic layer on the alignment film in which the alignment state is fixed onto the polarizer.
- the alignment film is formed by rubbing treatment of an organic compound (preferably a polymer), oblique vapor deposition of an inorganic compound, formation of a layer having a microgroup, or an organic compound (eg, a Langmuir 'Projet method (LB film)).
- an organic compound eg, a Langmuir 'Projet method (LB film)
- LB film Langmuir 'Projet method
- ⁇ -tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, methyl stearylate is also known.
- the alignment film is preferably formed by a rubbing treatment of a polymer.
- the polymer used for the alignment film has a molecular structure having a function of aligning liquid crystal molecules.
- a crosslinkable functional group eg, double bond It is preferable to introduce into the side chain a crosslinkable functional group having a function of bonding a side chain having a bond) to the main chain or a function of aligning liquid crystal molecules.
- the polymer used for the alignment film either a polymer that can be crosslinked by itself or a polymer that is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent can be used, and a plurality of combinations of these can be used.
- the polymer include, for example, a metatalylate copolymer, a styrene copolymer, a polyolefin, a polybutanol, a modified polybulualcohol, a poly (poly (alcohol) described in JP-A-8-338913, paragraph No. [0022].
- N-methylol acrylamide N-methylol acrylamide
- polyester polyimide
- vinyl acetate copolymer carboxymethyl cellulose
- polycarbonate and the like.
- Silane coupling agents can be used as the polymer.
- Water-soluble polymers eg, poly (N-methylolacrylamide), carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, polybulal alcohol, and modified polybulal alcohol
- Gelatin, polybulal alcohol, and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred, and polybulualcohol is preferred.
- modified polybulal alcohol is most preferred. It is particularly preferable to use two types of polybulal alcohols or modified polybulal alcohols having different degrees of polymerization.
- the degree of hatching of polybulal alcohol is preferably 70 to 100% strength S, more preferably 80 to: LOO%.
- the degree of polymerization of polybulal alcohol is 100-5000.
- the side chain having the function of aligning liquid crystalline molecules generally has a hydrophobic group as a functional group.
- the specific type of functional group is determined according to the type of liquid crystal molecule and the required alignment state.
- the modifying group of the modified polyvinyl alcohol can be introduced by copolymerization modification, chain transfer modification or block polymerization modification.
- modifying groups include hydrophilic groups (carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, amino groups, ammonium groups, amide groups, thiol groups, etc.), hydrocarbon groups having 10 to 100 carbon atoms.
- the crosslinkable functional group of the alignment film polymer preferably contains a polymerizable group in the same manner as the polyfunctional monomer. Specific examples include those described in paragraphs [0080] to [0100] of JP-A No. 2000-155216.
- the alignment film polymer can also be crosslinked using a crosslinking agent.
- Cross-linking agents include aldehydes, N-methylol compounds, dioxane derivatives, compounds that act by activating carboxyl groups, active vinyl compounds, active halogen compounds, isoxazole and dialdehyde starch. Is included. Two or more kinds of crosslinking agents may be used in combination. Specific examples include compounds described in paragraphs [0023] to [0024] in JP-A-2002-62426. Aldehydes with high reaction activity, especially glutaraldehyde are preferred!
- the addition amount of the crosslinking agent is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass with respect to the polymer.
- the amount of the unreacted crosslinking agent remaining in the alignment film is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the alignment film is basically formed by applying the polymer on the transparent support including the alignment film forming material and the crosslinking agent, followed by drying (crosslinking) and rubbing. Can do. As described above, the crosslinking reaction may be performed at any time after being coated on the transparent support.
- the coating solution is preferably a mixed solvent of an organic solvent (eg, methanol) having a defoaming action and water.
- the weight ratio of water: methanol is preferably 0: 100 to 99: 1. It is more preferable that the ratio is 0: 100 to 91: 9. As a result, the generation of bubbles is suppressed, and defects on the surface of the alignment film and further on the optically anisotropic layer are significantly reduced.
- the alignment film is preferably applied by a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a curtain coating method, an etching coating method, a rod coating method or a roll coating method.
- a rod coating method is particularly preferable.
- the film thickness after drying is preferably 0.1 to 10 m.
- Heat drying can be performed at 20 ° C to 110 ° C. In order to form sufficient crosslinks, 60 ° C to 100 ° C is preferable, and 80 ° C to 100 ° C is particularly preferable.
- the drying time is a power that can be carried out in 1 minute to 36 hours, preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- dartal aldehyde which is preferably set to the optimum value for the cross-linking agent to be used, ⁇ 4.5 to 5.5, particularly 5 is preferable.
- the alignment film is provided on the stretched'unstretched cellulose acylate film or on the undercoat layer.
- the alignment film can be obtained by rubbing the surface after crosslinking the polymer layer as described above.
- a treatment method widely adopted as a liquid crystal alignment treatment step of LCD can be applied. That is, a method of obtaining the orientation by rubbing the surface of the orientation film in a certain direction using paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon, polyester fiber or the like can be used. Generally, it is carried out by rubbing several times using a cloth in which fibers having a uniform length and thickness are averagely planted.
- the film wrap angle on the labinda roll is preferably 0.1 to 90 °.
- a stable rubbing treatment can be obtained by winding 360 ° or more.
- the film conveyance speed is preferably 1 to 100 mZmin. It is preferable to select an appropriate rubbing angle in the range of 0 to 60 °. When used in a liquid crystal display device, the angle is preferably 40 to 50 °. 45 ° is particularly preferred.
- the thickness of the alignment film thus obtained is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystalline molecules of the optically anisotropic layer are aligned on the alignment film.
- the alignment film polymer is reacted with the polyfunctional monomer contained in the optically anisotropic layer, or the alignment film polymer is crosslinked using a crosslinking agent.
- Liquid crystal molecules used in the optically anisotropic layer include rod-like liquid crystal molecules and discotic liquid crystal molecules.
- the rod-like liquid crystal molecule and the disc-like liquid crystal molecule may be a polymer liquid crystal or a low molecular liquid crystal, and further include those in which a low molecular liquid crystal is cross-linked and does not exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- rod-like liquid crystalline molecules examples include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenol esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ester esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, and cyano-substituted phenolic birimidines.
- Alkoxy-substituted ferrobilidines, ferrodioxanes, tolanes and alkenylcyclohexylbenzo-tolyls are preferably used.
- the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules also include metal complexes.
- a liquid crystal polymer in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are repeatedly contained in a unit can also be used as the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules.
- the rod-like liquid crystal molecule may be bonded to a (liquid crystal) polymer.
- the birefringence of the rod-like liquid crystalline molecule is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.7.
- the rod-like liquid crystalline molecule preferably has a polymerizable group in order to fix its alignment state.
- the polymerizable group is preferably a radically polymerizable unsaturated group or a cationically polymerizable group. Specifically, for example, the description in paragraphs [0064] to [008 6] of JP-A-2002-62427 is described. And a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- Discotic liquid crystal molecules include C. Destrade et al., Benzene derivatives described in Mol. Cry st. 71 ⁇ , p. 111 (1981), C. Destrade et al. Mol. Crvst. 122, 141 (1985), Physicslett, A, 78, 82 (1) 990), a research report of B. Kohne et al., A cyclohexane derivative described in Angew. Chem. 96, p. 70 (1984), and a research report of JM Lehn et al. Chem. Commun., 1794 (1985), J. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116., 2655 (1994) [This is described! -Includes acetylene macrocycles.
- the discotic liquid crystalline molecule a liquid crystal having a structure in which a linear alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a substituted benzoyloxy group are radially substituted as a side chain of the mother nucleus with respect to the mother nucleus at the center of the molecule. Also included are compounds that exhibit sex.
- the molecule or the assembly of molecules is preferably a compound having rotational symmetry and capable of imparting a certain orientation.
- the optically anisotropic layer formed from discotic liquid crystalline molecules does not necessarily require that the compound finally contained in the optically anisotropic layer is a discotic liquid crystalline molecule.
- discotic liquid crystalline molecules are described in JP-A-8-50206.
- the polymerization of discotic liquid crystalline molecules is described in JP-A-8-27284.
- the discotic core and the polymerizable group are preferably a compound that is bonded via a linking group, whereby the orientation state can be maintained in the polymerization reaction. Examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A 2000-155216, paragraphs [015 1] to “0168”.
- the angle force between the long axis (disk surface) of the discotic liquid crystalline molecule and the surface of the polarizing film increases in the depth direction of the optically anisotropic layer and with the increase in the distance of the surface force of the polarizing film. Or it is decreasing.
- the angle preferably decreases with increasing distance.
- the angle change can be a continuous increase, a continuous decrease, an intermittent increase, an intermittent decrease, a change including a continuous increase and a continuous decrease, or an intermittent change including an increase and a decrease.
- the intermittent change includes a region where the inclination angle does not change in the middle of the thickness direction. The angle should be increased or decreased as a whole, even if the angle does not change, including the area!
- the average direction of the major axis of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules on the polarizing film side is generally adjusted by selecting a discotic liquid crystalline molecule or an alignment film material, or by selecting a rubbing treatment method. Can do.
- the major axis (disk surface) direction of the surface side (air side) discotic liquid crystalline molecules is generally adjusted by selecting the type of additive used with the discotic liquid crystalline molecules or discotic liquid crystalline molecules. be able to. Examples of the additive used together with the discotic liquid crystalline molecule include a plasticizer, a surfactant, a polymerizable monomer, and a polymer.
- the degree of change in the major axis orientation direction can also be adjusted by selecting liquid crystalline molecules and additives as described above.
- the uniformity of the coating film, the strength of the film, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and the like can be improved. It is preferable that the liquid crystal molecules have compatibility with the liquid crystal molecules and do not inhibit the force or orientation that can change the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules.
- the polymerizable monomer examples include radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compounds. Preferably, it is a polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomer and is preferably copolymerizable with the above-mentioned polymerizable group-containing liquid crystal compound. Examples thereof include those described in paragraph Nos. [0018] to [0020] in the specification of JP-A-2002-296423.
- the amount of the above compound added is generally in the range of 1 to 50% by mass and preferably in the range of 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the discotic liquid crystalline molecules.
- surfactant examples include conventionally known compounds, and fluorine compounds are particularly preferable. Specific examples include compounds described in paragraph numbers [0028] to [0056] in JP-A-2001-330725.
- the polymer used together with the discotic liquid crystalline molecule is preferably capable of changing the tilt angle of the discotic liquid crystalline molecule.
- Examples of the polymer include cellulose esters.
- Preferable examples of the cellulose ester include those described in paragraph No. [0178] of JP-A-2000-155216.
- the addition amount of the polymer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to L0% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal molecules so as not to disturb the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. More preferably, it is in the range of ⁇ 8% by mass.
- the discotic nematic liquid crystal phase-solid phase transition temperature of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules is preferably 70 to 300 ° C, more preferably 70 to 170 ° C.
- the optically anisotropic layer can be formed by applying a coating liquid containing liquid crystalline molecules and, if necessary, a polymerization initiator described later and optional components on the alignment film.
- an organic solvent is preferably used as the solvent used for preparing the coating solution.
- organic solvents include amides (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, hexane), alkyl halides.
- amides eg, N, N-dimethylformamide
- sulfoxides eg, dimethyl sulfoxide
- heterocyclic compounds eg, pyridine
- hydrocarbons eg, benzene, hexane
- alkyl halides eg, black mouth form, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane
- esters eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate
- ketones eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone
- ethers eg, tetrahydrofuran
- the coating solution can be applied by a known method (eg, wire bar coating method, extrusion coating method, direct gravure coating method, reverse gravure coating method, die coating method).
- a known method eg, wire bar coating method, extrusion coating method, direct gravure coating method, reverse gravure coating method, die coating method.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer is preferably from 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 1 to 10 m. Most preferred.
- the aligned liquid crystal molecules can be fixed while maintaining the alignment state.
- the immobilization is preferably performed by a polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction includes a thermal polymerization reaction using a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization reaction using a photopolymerization initiator. Photopolymerization reaction is preferred ⁇
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include ⁇ -carbo-Louis compound (described in the specifications of US Pat. Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670), and acyloin ether (described in the specification of US Pat. No. 2448828). , ⁇ -hydrocarbon substituted aromatic acyloin compounds (described in US Pat. No. 2,722,512), polynuclear quinone compounds (described in US Pat. Nos. 3046127 and 2,951,758), triaryl imidazole dimer and ⁇ -aminophenol- Combination with luketone (US Patent 3549 No. 367), atalidine and phenazine compound (JP-A-60-105667, U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,850) and oxazazolyl compound (US Pat. No. 4).
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator used is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the solid content of the coating solution.
- Light irradiation for the polymerization of liquid crystalline molecules preferably uses ultraviolet rays.
- the irradiation energy is more preferably in the range of more preferably tool 100 to 800MjZcm 2 be in the range of preferably fixture 20 ⁇ optimum 5000NijZcm 2 in the range of 20MiZcm 2 to 50jZcm 2.
- light irradiation may be performed under heating conditions.
- a protective layer may be provided on the optically anisotropic layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer is formed by coating the coating liquid for the optically anisotropic layer as described above on the surface of the polarizing film.
- the stress strain X cross-sectional area X elastic modulus
- the polarizing plate according to the present invention is attached to a large liquid crystal display device, an image with high display quality can be displayed without causing problems such as light leakage.
- the inclination angle of the polarizing layer and the optical compensation layer is adjusted to the angle formed by the transmission axis of the two polarizing plates bonded to both sides of the liquid crystal cell constituting the LCD and the vertical or horizontal direction of the liquid crystal cell. It is preferable to stretch.
- the normal tilt angle is 45 °. Recently, however, devices that are not necessarily 45 ° have been developed for transmissive, reflective, and transflective LCDs, and it is preferable that the stretching direction can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the design of the LCD.
- the alignment state in the liquid crystal cell is an alignment state in which the rod-like liquid crystal molecules rise at the center of the cell and the rod-like liquid crystal molecules lie near the cell substrate.
- a liquid crystal display device using a bend alignment mode liquid crystal cell is disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,583,825 and 5,410,422. Since the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are aligned symmetrically between the upper part and the lower part of the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode has a self-optical compensation function. Therefore, this liquid crystal mode is also called OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend) liquid crystal mode.
- OCB Optically Compensatory Bend
- the OCB-mode liquid crystal cell also displays a black liquid crystal molecule in a black display with a rod-like liquid crystal molecule rising at the center of the cell and a rod-like liquid crystal molecule lying near the cell substrate. It is in an oriented state.
- the characteristic is that the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
- VA mode liquid crystal cells (1) the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
- the VA mode is multi-domained to expand the viewing angle. (MVA mode) liquid crystal cell (SID97, Digest of tech.
- the feature is that the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially horizontally in the plane when no voltage is applied, and this is characterized by switching by changing the orientation direction of the liquid crystal with and without voltage application.
- those described in JP-A-2004-365941, JP-A-2004-12731, JP-A-2 004-215620, JP-A-2002-221726, JP-A-2002-55341, JP-A-2003-195333 Etc. can be used.
- ECB mode ⁇ and sTN (bupper Twisted Nematic) mode ⁇ FLC (Ferroelectric Liq The uid Crystal) mode, AFLC (Anti-ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, and ASM (Axially Symmetric Aligned Microcell) mode can be optically compensated in the same way as described above.
- FLC Fluroelectric Liq The uid Crystal
- AFLC Anti-ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
- ASM Analy Symmetric Aligned Microcell
- it is effective in any of transmissive, reflective, and transflective liquid crystal display devices. It is also advantageously used as an optical compensation sheet for GH (Guest-Host) type reflective liquid crystal display devices.
- the antireflection film generally comprises a low refractive index layer which is also an antifouling layer, and at least one layer having a higher refractive index than that of the low refractive index layer (that is, a high refractive index layer and a medium refractive index layer). It is provided above.
- Another example is an antireflection film comprising an antireflection layer provided with an antiglare property in which the surface of the uppermost layer has fine irregularities on the antireflection film obtained by coating as described above.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is particularly preferred for its ability to be applied to any of the above-mentioned methods.
- An antireflection film comprising a layer structure of at least a medium refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer (outermost layer) on the substrate is designed to have a refractive index satisfying the following relationship: .
- hard coat layer between transparent support and middle refractive index layer May be provided. [0295] Further, it may comprise a medium refractive index hard coat layer, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- JP-A-8-122504, JP-A-8-110401, JP-A-10-300902, JP-A-2002-243906, JP-A-2000-111706 and the like can be mentioned.
- other functions may be imparted to each layer, for example, an antifouling low refractive index layer or an antistatic high refractive index layer (eg, JP-A-10-206603, JP-A-2002). -24390 6 gazette).
- the haze of the antireflection film is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less.
- the strength of the film is preferably 2H or higher, more preferably 3H or higher, most preferably 3H or higher in the pencil hardness test according to JIS K5400.
- the layer having a high refractive index of the antireflection film is composed of a curable film containing at least an ultrafine organic compound having a high refractive index having an average particle diameter of lOOnm or less and a matrix binder.
- the inorganic compound fine particles having a high refractive index include inorganic compounds having a refractive index of 1.65 or more, preferably those having a refractive index of 1.9 or more.
- examples thereof include oxides such as Ti, Zn, Sb, Sn, Zr, Ce, Ta, La, and In, and composite oxides containing these metal atoms.
- the surface of the particles is treated with a surface treatment agent (for example, silane coupling agents, etc .: JP-A-11-295503, JP-A-11-153703, 2000-9908, ionic compound or organometallic coupling agent: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-31043, etc., core-shell structure with high refractive index particles as a core (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-166104, etc.) ), Specific dispersants (for example, JP-A-11-153703, Patent No. US6210858B1, JP-A-2002-2776069, etc.) and the like.
- a surface treatment agent for example, silane coupling agents, etc .: JP-A-11-295503, JP-A-11-153703, 2000-9908, ionic compound or organometallic coupling agent: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-31043, etc., core-shell structure with high refractive index particles as a core (for example, Japanese Patent
- Examples of the material forming the matrix include conventionally known thermoplastic resin, curable resin film, and the like.
- a polyfunctional compound-containing composition containing at least two radically polymerizable and Z- or cation-polymerizable polymerizable groups, an organometallic compound containing a hydrolyzable group, and a partial condensate composition thereof At least one composition selected from the group is preferred.
- a polyfunctional compound-containing composition containing at least two radically polymerizable and Z- or cation-polymerizable polymerizable groups, an organometallic compound containing a hydrolyzable group, and a partial condensate composition thereof At least one composition selected from the group is preferred.
- JP 2000-47004, 2001-315242, 2001-31871 examples thereof include compounds described in JP 2001-296401 A.
- a colloidal metal oxide obtained from a hydrolyzed condensate of metal alkoxide and a curable film capable of obtaining a metal alkoxide composition are also preferred. For example, it is described in JP-A-2001-293818.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is generally 1.70 to 2.20.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of the middle refractive index layer is adjusted to be a value between the refractive index of the low refractive index layer and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer.
- the refractive index of the medium refractive index layer is preferably 1.50 to L 70
- the low refractive index layer is formed by sequentially laminating on the high refractive index layer.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.
- a means of a thin film layer that also has an introduction force of fluorine can be applied.
- the refractive index of the fluorine-containing compound is preferably 1.35 to L50. More preferably 1.
- the fluorine-containing compound is preferably a compound containing a crosslinkable or polymerizable functional group containing a fluorine atom in a range of 35 to 80% by mass.
- the silicone compound is preferably a compound having a polysiloxane structure, containing a curable functional group or a polymerizable functional group in the polymer chain and having a crosslinked structure in the film.
- reactive silicones eg, Silaplane (manufactured by Chisso Corporation), silanol group-containing polysiloxanes at both ends (JP-A-11-258403, etc.) and the like can be mentioned.
- crosslinking of a fluorine-containing and Z- or siloxane polymer having a crosslinkable or polymerizable group The polymerization reaction is preferably carried out by irradiating or heating the coating composition for forming the outermost layer containing a polymerization initiator, a sensitizer, etc. simultaneously with or after coating.
- sol-gel cured film in which an organometallic compound such as a silane coupling agent and a specific fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group-containing silane coupling agent are cured by a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- organometallic compound such as a silane coupling agent and a specific fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group-containing silane coupling agent are cured by a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing silane compound or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-142958, 58-147483, 58-147484, 157582, 11-106704, etc.
- silyl compounds containing a “polyperfluoroalkyl ether” group which is a fluorine-containing long chain group JP 2000-117902 A, And the like described in JP 2001-48590 and 2002-53804.
- the low refractive index layer has an average primary particle diameter such as fillers (for example, silicon dioxide (silica), fluorine-containing particles (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride)) as additives other than the above. 1 to 150 nm low refractive index inorganic compound, organic fine particles described in paragraphs [00 20] to [0038] of JP-A-11-3820), silane coupling agent, slip agent, surfactant, etc. be able to.
- fillers for example, silicon dioxide (silica), fluorine-containing particles (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride)
- silane coupling agent for example, silane coupling agent, slip agent, surfactant, etc.
- the low refractive index layer When the low refractive index layer is located below the outermost layer, the low refractive index layer may be formed by a vapor phase method (vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, ion plating method, plasma CVD method, etc.).
- the coating method is preferable because it can be manufactured at a low cost.
- the film thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 30 to 200 nm, preferably 50 to 150 nm, and more preferably 60 to 120 nm.
- the hard coat layer is provided on the surface of the stretched / unstretched cellulose acylate film in order to impart physical strength to the antireflection film.
- it is preferably provided between the stretched / unstretched cellulose acylate film and the high refractive index layer. It is also preferable to coat directly on an unstretched cellulose acylate film without providing an antireflection layer.
- Hard coat layer is a cross-linking reaction or polymerization reaction of light and Z or heat curable compounds It is preferably formed by.
- the curable functional group is preferably a photopolymerizable functional group, and the hydrolyzable functional group-containing organometallic compound is preferably an organic alkoxysilyl compound.
- composition of the hard coat layer include those described in JP-A-2002-144913, JP-A-2000-9908, WO00Z46617, and the like.
- the high refractive index layer can also serve as a hard coat layer. In such a case, it is preferable to form fine particles dispersed in the hard coat layer using the method described for the high refractive index layer.
- the hard coat layer can also serve as an antiglare layer (described later) provided with particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 to LO m to provide an antiglare function (antiglare function).
- the thickness of the hard coat layer can be appropriately designed depending on the application.
- the film thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably 0.2 to: LO / zm, more preferably 0.5 to 7 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the strength of the hard coat layer is preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, most preferably 3 mm or more in the pencil hardness test according to JIS 5400. or,
- the forward scattering layer is provided in order to give a viewing angle improvement effect when the viewing angle is tilted vertically and horizontally when applied to a liquid crystal display device.
- the forward scattering layer By dispersing fine particles having different refractive indexes in the hard coat layer, it can also serve as a hard coat function.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-38208 with a specific forward scattering coefficient Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-199809 with a relative refractive index of transparent resin and fine particles in a specific range, and a haze value of 40% or more.
- a primer layer an antistatic layer, an undercoat layer or a protective layer may be provided.
- Each layer of the antireflection film is formed by a dip coating method, an air knife coating method, a card nocote method, a roller coating method, a wire bar coating method, a gravure coating, a micro gravure method, and an etha trusion coating method (US Pat. No. 2681294) Thus, it can be formed by coating.
- the antireflection film may have an antiglare function that scatters external light.
- the antiglare function is obtained by forming irregularities on the surface of the antireflection film.
- the haze of the antireflection film is preferably 3 to 30%, more preferably 5 to 20%, and most preferably 7 to 20%. .
- any method can be applied as long as the surface shape can be sufficiently maintained.
- a method of forming irregularities on the film surface using fine particles in the low refractive index layer for example, JP-A-2000-271878, a lower refractive index layer (high refractive index layer, medium refractive index).
- a relatively rough particle is added to the layer or hard coat layer) to form a surface uneven film, and these shapes are formed on the surface.
- uppermost layer A method of physically transferring the irregular shape onto the surface after the application of the antifouling layer (for example, as an embossing method, JP-A 63-278839, JP-A 11 183710, JP 2000 -275401 publication etc.).
- the unstretched and stretched cellulose acylate films of the present invention are optical films, particularly for polarizing plate protective films, optical compensation sheets for liquid crystal display devices (also called retardation films), optical compensation sheets for reflective liquid crystal display devices, halogens It is useful as a support for silver halide photographic materials.
- sample A Samples prepared by dissolving 300 mg of sample film in 30 ml of methyl acetate (sample A) and those dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane (sample B) were prepared.
- the amount of solvent was determined by the following method.
- sample B sample A! /, Hidden by the solvent peak, for each peak in the area! Then, use the calibration curve to determine the content, and the sum is Sb. The sum of Sa and Sb is the residual solvent amount.
- Measurement is performed under the following conditions using a viscoelasticity measuring device using a cone plate (for example, a modular comparator rheometer manufactured by Anton Paar: Physica MCR301). Dry the fat After making the moisture content 0.1% or less, measure at a shear rate (lZ seconds) at a gap of 500 m and a temperature of 220 ° C.
- a shear rate lZ seconds
- Cellulose-based resin (CAP-482- 20 number average molecular weight 70,000) with a single screw extruder (GM engineering, cylinder inner diameter D: 90mm) at an extrusion temperature of 240 ° C and a line speed of 5mZmin. A film with a thickness of / zm was produced.
- a thicknessing process (knurling) with a width of 10 mm and a height of 50 m was applied to both ends.
- Other conditions were as follows.
- the sheet-like resin discharged from the die at 240 ° C was heated with a heater whose temperature can be controlled in the width direction, and then a film was obtained by a casting drum method.
- the sheet-like resin and the heater were covered with a cover.
- the length of the molten resin was 80 mm.
- a far-infrared heater was used as the heater, the heater width was 1.2 times the die lip width, and the heating distance with respect to the flow direction of the sheet resin was 70% of the length of the sheet resin.
- the cover is made of aluminum.
- Example 2 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the cover was used and no force was applied.
- a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that in Example 1, the force was not applied using the cover and the force was not applied in the width direction.
- Example 3 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the heating distance of the heater in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin was 50% of the length of the sheet-like resin.
- Example 3 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the heating distance of the heater in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin was 20% of the length of the sheet-like resin.
- Example 5 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that the heater width was 1.0 times the die lip width.
- Example 3 Finolem was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the length of the sheet-like resin was 30 mm.
- Example 3 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the length of the sheet-like resin was 130 mm.
- Example 3 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the length of the sheet-like resin was 180 mm.
- Example 5 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the heating distance of the heater in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin was 10% of the length of the sheet-like resin.
- Example 5 is the same as Example 5 except that the heater width is 0.7 times the die lip width. A film was obtained under the conditions.
- Example 1 a film was obtained without using a heater and a cover.
- Example 3 a film was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the length of the sheet-like resin was 230 mm.
- a TOFV1 type, offline contact type continuous thickness gauge manufactured by Yamabun Electric Co., Ltd. was used, and the measurement pitch was measured at lmm intervals.
- the width direction the entire film width after trimming was measured, and for the flow direction, the length was 3 m.
- the very good ones were evaluated as ⁇ , the good ones as ⁇ , the slightly inferior ones as ⁇ , and the inferior ones as X. That is, in each of the width direction and the flow direction, the thickness unevenness is 1. O / zm or less ⁇ , the thickness unevenness is greater than 1. ⁇ ⁇ m 5. O / zm or less is ⁇ , and the thickness unevenness is 5 .DELTA. Is greater than 0 m and less than 10 m, and X is greater than 10 m.
- the heating distance (distance between the top and bottom of the heater) with respect to the flow direction of the sheet-like resin of the heater is that of the sheet-like resin.
- the force is the same except that it is 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% of the length.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction exceeds 10 ° C only when the heating distance in Comparative Example 1 is 10%. Thickness variation in the width direction is X Met. Therefore, it can be seen that it is preferable that the heating distance of the heater in the flow direction of the sheet-like resin is 20% or more of the length of the sheet-like resin in the flow direction.
- the length of the sheet-like resin in the flow direction until the die force comes into contact with the casting drum is within 200 mm, so that the width of the sheet-like resin is reduced. It can be seen that the temperature distribution in the direction can be kept within 10 ° C, and uneven thickness of the film can be suppressed. In Comparative Example 2, since the heater width is 0.7 times, the heater hits the sheet-like resin! / A part was formed, and the temperature distribution in the width direction was poor. .
- Example 2 and Example 3 it can be seen from Example 2 and Example 3 that the thickness control in the width direction becomes smaller when the temperature control is performed in the width direction. Furthermore, from Example 1 and Example 2, it is better to cover the heater with an aluminum cover because the temperature distribution in the width direction and the temperature drop in the flow direction are smaller. It is preferable to cover with.
- the unstretched cellulose-based resin film was acidified by the following immersion acid method. In addition, almost the same results were obtained when the coating method described below was performed.
- Example 1 of JP-A-2001-141926 a peripheral speed difference was given between two pairs of rolls, and the film was stretched in the longitudinal direction to prepare a polarizing layer having a thickness of 20 m.
- the polarizing layer obtained in this way the above-mentioned unstretched cellulose-based resin film treated with an acid solution, and Fujitac (unstretched triacetate film) treated with an acid solution were combined with PVA (PVA-117H manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 3 % Aqueous solution was used as an adhesive, and bonded in the following combination in the stretching direction of the polarizing film and the film-forming flow direction (longitudinal method) of the cellulose resin film.
- PVA PVA-117H manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- Polarizing plate A Unstretched cellulose-based resin film Z Polarizing layer Z Fujitac
- Polarizing plate B Unstretched cellulose resin film Z Polarizing layer Z Unstretched cellulose resin film
- the magnitude of the change in color tone of the polarizing plate thus obtained was evaluated in 10 levels (larger, the greater the color change, the greater the color tone).
- the polarizing plate produced by carrying out the present invention was evaluated as good even when the deviation occurred.
- the polarizing plate thus obtained was measured by the above method. Even after being processed into a polarizing plate, those that carried out the present invention showed good characteristics (low, humidity curl).
- a laminate was prepared by laminating the polarizing axis and the cellulosic resin film so that the longitudinal force was orthogonal and 45 degrees, and the same evaluation was performed. In both cases, the results were the same as those obtained when the films were bonded in parallel.
- a liquid crystal display device was prepared by arranging so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the observer side and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the backlight side were orthogonal to each other.
- the polarizing plate and the retardation polarizing plate of the present invention can be used in the liquid crystal display device described in Example 1 of JP-A-10-48420 and the disco described in Example 1 of JP-A-9-26572.
- An optically anisotropic layer containing a liquid crystal molecule, an alignment film coated with polyvinyl alcohol, a 20-inch VA liquid crystal display device described in FIGS. 2 to 9 of JP 2000-154261, JP 2000-154261 A When used in the 20-inch OCB-type liquid crystal display device described in FIGS. 10 to 15 of the publication, and the IPS-type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 11 of Special 2004-12731, a good liquid crystal display element with a low humidity force is obtained. Obtained.
- a low-reflective film was prepared from the cellulose-based resin film of the present invention according to Example 47 of the Japanese Society for Invention and Innovation (public technical number 2001-1745).
- the humidity curl was measured according to the method described above. In the case of carrying out the present invention, good results similar to those of the polarizing plate were obtained.
- the low reflection film of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device described in Example 1 of JP-A-10-48420, a 20-inch VA type liquid described in FIGS. 2 to 9 of JP-A-2000-154261.
- Crystal display device, 20-inch OCB type liquid crystal display device described in FIGS. 10 to 15 of JP-A-2000-154261, and IPS type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 11 of JP-A-2004-12731 As a result, a good liquid crystal display element was obtained.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2007800230228A CN101472725B (zh) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | 纤维素类树脂膜及其制造方法 |
US12/297,687 US20090240047A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Cellulosic resin film and process for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006115831 | 2006-04-19 | ||
JP2006-115831 | 2006-04-19 |
Publications (1)
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WO2007123145A1 true WO2007123145A1 (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
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PCT/JP2007/058407 WO2007123145A1 (ja) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | セルロース系樹脂フィルム及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090240047A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080109034A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101472725B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007123145A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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CN101450515A (zh) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-10 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 制备热塑性树脂膜用的设备和制备热塑性树脂膜用的方法 |
US20110018149A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-01-27 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | Optical film and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
US20110177289A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-07-21 | Fujifilm Corporation | Film and method for producing film |
CN104835937A (zh) * | 2014-02-10 | 2015-08-12 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 涂膜物的制造装置 |
Families Citing this family (11)
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ATE534876T1 (de) * | 2004-09-21 | 2011-12-15 | Iglesias Vives Joan | Verfahren und maschine zum sintern und/oder trocknen von pulvermaterialien unter verwendung von infrarotstrahlung |
JP2007137029A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロース系樹脂フィルムの製造方法 |
US20090146346A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Fujifilm Corporation | Apparatus for manufacturing thermoplastic resin film, and method for manufacturing thermoplastic resin film |
JP5177749B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2013-04-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの製造方法 |
JP5177750B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2013-04-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの製造方法 |
JP4720954B1 (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-07-13 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 無端帯状体の製造方法 |
DE102010062900A1 (de) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lichtleitkörpern und deren Verwendung in Beleuchtungseinheit |
DE102013002559B4 (de) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-09-18 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Einschnecken-Extruder und Verfahren zum Plastifizieren von Kunststoff-Polymeren |
JP6249820B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-12-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板の製造方法及び偏光板 |
CN106799328B (zh) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-08-16 | 营口康辉石化有限公司 | 一种双面抗静电涂布膜的加工工艺 |
BE1028939B1 (fr) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-07-25 | Ace Srl | Appareil et procede de production d'une nappe polyolefinique, et procede de commande dudit appareil |
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JP2005014522A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | フィルム・シート成形装置 |
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- 2007-04-18 WO PCT/JP2007/058407 patent/WO2007123145A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-04-18 KR KR1020087025482A patent/KR20080109034A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-04-18 CN CN2007800230228A patent/CN101472725B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-18 US US12/297,687 patent/US20090240047A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2003025414A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | 傾斜型位相差フィルムの製造方法、光学部材及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2004130633A (ja) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-30 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 非晶性熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの製造方法及びノルボルネン系樹脂フィルム。 |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101450515A (zh) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-10 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 制备热塑性树脂膜用的设备和制备热塑性树脂膜用的方法 |
CN101450515B (zh) * | 2007-12-05 | 2013-11-06 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 制备热塑性树脂膜用的设备和制备热塑性树脂膜用的方法 |
TWI477383B (zh) * | 2007-12-05 | 2015-03-21 | Fujifilm Corp | 用於製造熱塑性樹脂薄膜的設備及用於製造熱塑性樹脂薄膜的方法 |
US20110018149A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-01-27 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | Optical film and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
CN101977753A (zh) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-02-16 | 柯尼卡美能达精密光学株式会社 | 光学膜及其制造方法和制造装置 |
KR101554376B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-27 | 2015-09-18 | 코니카 미놀타 어드밴스드 레이어즈 인코포레이티드 | 광학 필름 및 그의 제조 방법 및 제조 장치 |
US20110177289A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-07-21 | Fujifilm Corporation | Film and method for producing film |
US8501065B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2013-08-06 | Fujifilm Corporation | Film and method for producing film |
CN104835937A (zh) * | 2014-02-10 | 2015-08-12 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 涂膜物的制造装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20080109034A (ko) | 2008-12-16 |
CN101472725A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
US20090240047A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
CN101472725B (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
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