WO2007095805A1 - A loading, detecting and monitoring method and apparatus for optical channel-associated signal - Google Patents

A loading, detecting and monitoring method and apparatus for optical channel-associated signal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007095805A1
WO2007095805A1 PCT/CN2006/003131 CN2006003131W WO2007095805A1 WO 2007095805 A1 WO2007095805 A1 WO 2007095805A1 CN 2006003131 W CN2006003131 W CN 2006003131W WO 2007095805 A1 WO2007095805 A1 WO 2007095805A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
optical
spreading code
loading
path
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Application number
PCT/CN2006/003131
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Congqi Li
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP06817867A priority Critical patent/EP1990937A4/en
Priority to CN200680012104.8A priority patent/CN101160758A/zh
Publication of WO2007095805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007095805A1/zh
Priority to US12/195,717 priority patent/US8280248B2/en
Priority to US13/310,425 priority patent/US8891968B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/077—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
    • H04B10/0775—Performance monitoring and measurement of transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
    • H04B2210/07—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal
    • H04B2210/072—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal using an overhead signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
    • H04B2210/07—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal
    • H04B2210/074—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal using a superposed, over-modulated signal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for loading, detecting, and monitoring optical accompanying signals.
  • optical devices The advancement of optical devices has greatly promoted the development of optical communications.
  • the rapid advances in wavelength division multiplexing devices and optical amplifying devices have made it possible to transmit Tbps (terabits per second) capacity on a single fiber.
  • Tbps transmission rate
  • long-distance and long-distance distances have also been introduced.
  • commercial non-electrical relay transmission can achieve transmission of 2000 to 4000 kilometers.
  • the all-optical transport network has been put on the agenda.
  • the all-optical transmission network greatly reduces the optical transmission cost because of the transparency of the optical signal, and there is no "electronic bottleneck" effect similar to the electrical signal processing, and the processing capability is not affected by the signal rate, protocol, format, etc., It has always been the ideal of communication networks.
  • reconfigurable optical devices such as WB (Wavelength Blocker) and WSS (Wavelength Select Switch)
  • WB Widelength Blocker
  • WSS Widelength Select Switch
  • the overhead information cannot be carried, so that the quality of the optical signal cannot be monitored at all times, and corresponding processing measures are performed according to the signal condition; the source and destination of the optical signal cannot be detected, and the misconnection of the optical signal may be avoided.
  • the optical signal is rerouted or otherwise processed according to the associated overhead of the optical signal, and it is difficult to construct a carrier-class transport network comparable to the electrical signal.
  • an out-of-band control method is proposed in G.709.
  • the information of different optical channels is transmitted through the out-of-band OSC (light monitoring) channel to realize the management and maintenance functions of different optical signals.
  • the out-of-band OSC channel can only implement the processing functions such as routing and protection switching of optical signals, and cannot monitor the quality and performance of optical signals. The optical signal quality can not be confirmed.
  • the out-of-band OSC channel only transmits part of the overhead.
  • the power of the corresponding wavelength signal can be detected by detecting the low frequency disturbance signal, and the OS R (optical signal to noise ratio) of the corresponding wavelength signal is calculated by combining the measurement of the entire optical power. And other information.
  • this method can realize the monitoring of the wavelength signal quality, it has several disadvantages: 1. Different wavelengths must be identified by different frequencies, and the frequency interval must be greater than the frequency resolution of the monitoring point, so the available identification signals are very limited; Although the low-frequency disturbance signal has less influence on the main optical channel, the quality of the pair-wavelength signal still has a certain influence. Third, the correspondence between the wavelength signal and the low-frequency disturbance signal must be pre-configured, otherwise it is impossible to know which wavelength is monitored. Signal; Fourth, the optical signal in the method cannot bear the associated path overhead, and the protection switching and other routing commands and other indication information must be solved by other means.
  • additional data signal and the transmission method of the useful data signal through the optical connection another method is further mentioned, which performs a certain spread spectrum processing on the additional data signal to form a spread spectrum signal. Then, it is superimposed with the useful data signal with a small amplitude. After receiving the data signal at the receiving end, the spread spectrum signal and the useful data signal are separated by frequency domain separation, and the spread data is solved after the correlation processing. Additional data signal. The method solves the problem of transmission with the overhead, but does not solve the problem of optical signal quality monitoring and different identification.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for loading, detecting, and monitoring optical accompanying signals in order to solve the problem of insufficient path monitoring and overhead transmission.
  • the present invention provides a method for loading an optical path signal, comprising the following steps: 1) loading a point with a corresponding spreading code to spread the associated signal to obtain a path identification signal of the loading point; 2) The loading point modulates the passed optical service signal with the associated path identification signal to obtain a modulated optical signal.
  • a method for detecting an optical path signal includes the following steps: 1) detecting a point to split an optical signal from an upstream node, and converting the split optical signal into an electrical signal; 2) applying the detection point to the monitoring The spreading code corresponding to the loading point despreads the electrical signal; and the associated signal of the monitoring loading point corresponding to the spreading code is obtained.
  • An optical follow-up signal monitoring method includes the following steps: 1) loading points corresponding to the spread spectrum The code pair spreads the signal to obtain the associated identification signal of the loading point; 2) the loading point modulates the passed optical service signal with the associated identification signal to obtain the modulated optical signal; 3) the detection point pair comes from The optical signal of the upstream node performs splitting, and converts the split optical signal into an electrical signal; 4) the detection point applies the spreading code corresponding to the loading point to be monitored to despread the electrical signal; The associated signal of the monitoring loading point corresponding to the spreading code.
  • An optical follow-up signal loading method with negative feedback includes the following steps: 1) The loading point uses the corresponding spreading code to spread the associated signal to obtain the associated identification signal of the loading point; 2) the loading point Modulating the passed optical service signal with the associated identification signal to obtain a modulated optical signal; 3) simultaneously setting a detection point at the loading point to split the optical signal, and converting the split optical signal into an electrical signal 4) the detection point applies despreading to the electrical signal by using a spreading code corresponding to the loading point; obtaining a path signal of the loading point, where the path signal is used to control the loading point Modulation depth.
  • An optical path signal loading device comprising: a path signal generating unit, a path signal for generating a loading point; a spreading code generator, a spreading code for generating a loading point; a spreading unit, configured to The spreading code spreads the associated signal to obtain the associated identification signal; the loading unit is configured to modulate the received optical service signal with the associated identification signal to obtain the modulated optical signal.
  • An optical follow-up signal detecting device comprising: a beam splitter for coupling on an optical channel to split a modulated optical signal; and a photoelectric conversion circuit for converting the split optical signal into an electrical signal; a code generator, configured to generate a spreading code corresponding to the loading point to be detected; a despreading unit, configured to despread the electrical signal with a corresponding spreading code; and a path signal processing unit, configured to perform a solution
  • the expanded signal is detected and processed according to the detection result.
  • An optical path signal monitoring device comprising: a loading device and a detecting device, wherein: the loading device comprises a path signal generating unit, a first spreading code generator, a spreading unit and a loading unit; The unit is configured to generate a path-corresponding signal of the loading point; the first spreading code generator is configured to generate a spreading code of the loading point; and the spreading unit is configured to spread the spreading code to the associated signal to obtain a path identification signal; the loading unit is configured to modulate the traversed optical service signal by the path identification signal to obtain a modulated optical signal; the detecting device includes a beam splitter, a photoelectric conversion circuit, and a second spreading code generator Despreading unit and associated signal processing unit, said The optical device is configured to be coupled to the optical channel to split the modulated optical signal; the photoelectric conversion circuit is configured to convert the split optical signal into an electrical signal; and the second spread code generator is configured to generate the optical signal to be detected.
  • the loading device comprises a path signal generating unit, a first spreading code generator, a
  • the invention provides a method and a device for loading an optical path signal, which uses a spreading code to identify a path signal in an electrical domain, broadens the spectral width of the associated signal, and reduces the power spectral density of the associated channel identification signal.
  • the interference to the optical service signal under the same modulation depth, the effect of the spread-associated identification signal on the optical service signal is smaller; after the path identification signal of each loading point alone completes the modulation of the optical service signal, As the optical service signal is transmitted in the optical channel; at any downstream detection point, the optical signal after the photoelectric signal is converted, and the associated identification signal is despread, and the upstream loading point can be understood according to the detection of the associated signal. Whether it works normally, whether the optical channel is normally transmitted, etc., so that faults are found in real time, problems are solved, quality parameters of optical signals are monitored, and reliability of optical signal transmission is improved.
  • the detection method of the optical path signal, the downstream detection point can detect the associated signal of the corresponding loading point, and the processing of the de-spreading accompanying signal can determine the working state of the upstream loading point and load according to the power component of the associated signal.
  • the network condition between the point and the detection point achieves the purpose of monitoring the performance of the network by monitoring the associated signal, and the overhead signal can also carry the overhead information to realize the transmission of the overhead.
  • the optical signal accompanying path monitoring device can be set to obtain the accompanying signal of the upstream loading point, monitor the upstream loading point and the network condition, and load the existing optical signal with its own path signal, so as to monitor the downstream detecting point. Improve the reliability of optical signal transmission.
  • the associated monitoring device can also perform feedback control on the self-modulated optical signal, and the detecting device follows the modulated optical signal.
  • the power component of the signal determines whether the modulation depth is too large or too small. If the modulation depth is insufficient or too large, the control loading device remodulates the optical service signal to ensure that the modulation depth of the optical identification signal with the associated identification signal is appropriate.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical path signal loading apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical path signal detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an optical path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for monitoring an optical path signal includes the following steps:
  • the loading point uses the corresponding spreading code to spread the associated signal to obtain the associated identification signal of the point;
  • the loading point modulates the passed optical service signal with the associated identification signal of the point to obtain the modulated optical signal
  • the detection point splits the modulated optical signal, and converts the split optical signal into an electrical signal
  • the detection point filters the electrical signal, and despreads the filtered electrical signal by using the spreading code corresponding to the loading point to be detected by the detection point;
  • the detection point detects the despread signal and processes it according to the detection result.
  • the loading and detecting of the above-mentioned optical signal monitoring can be applied separately or simultaneously. Furthermore, in practical applications, the filtering operation may not be included in step 4.
  • the accompanying signal can include force.
  • the spreading code includes a unipolar spreading code such as an orthogonal prime number, an optical orthogonal code, a quadratic congruential code, a spread prime number, an extended quadratic congruence code, a mixed code, or a modified prime number.
  • the unipolar spreading code is used to spread the associated signal, which can avoid the crosstalk of the spreading codes between multiple loading points, improve the reliability of the accompanying signal loading, and reduce the impact on the optical service signal.
  • the period of the associated path identification signal is greater than or equal to a preset multiple of the optical service signal period, as usual
  • the period of the associated signal is greater than or equal to 10 times the period of the optical service signal.
  • the modulation depth of the optical identification signal with the associated identification signal is generally controlled to be between 3% and 5%.
  • the associated identification signal pair The optical service signal can be modulated to a depth of 10%. Therefore, the modulation depth of the associated traffic signal to the optical service signal is less than or equal to a preset adjustment value, such as 10%, which is approximately 0.5 dB of modulation depth.
  • Step 1 also includes the step of processing the associated signal: combining a number of associated overhead into a frame, inserting a fixed header or a variable header before the frame, or adding a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to the frame.
  • the byte pair corrects the path overhead.
  • Step 2 The method for modulating the optical service signal is: connecting the optical service signal to the input port of the EVOA (Electrical Adjusting Attenuator), and controlling the loss of the optical service signal by using the associated path identification signal, and the strength of the associated path identification signal is reflected to the light. On the change of the light intensity of the service signal, the modulation of the optical service signal by the associated identification signal is realized; or the optical service signal is connected to the input port of the SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier), and the gain is controlled by the associated identification signal, and the associated identification signal is used. Superimposed on the optical service signal to complete the loading of the associated identification signal.
  • the EVOA Electrical Adjusting Attenuator
  • Step 4 After filtering the electrical signal, it may also include an analog to digital conversion operation to enable subsequent operations to process the digital signal.
  • the de-spreading of the associated path identification signal includes the following two situations: 1. When there is only a single path identification signal, the spreading signal corresponding to the loading point is used to despread the associated path identification signal. Obtaining the path signal of the loading point; 2. If a plurality of load point spread signal after spreading is mixed, first filtering the filtered electrical signal, and using the spreading code corresponding to each loading point Parallel despreading of the electrical signals after the shunting is performed, and the associated signals corresponding to the respective loading points are respectively obtained. For optical service signals with different wavelengths, the loading point can simultaneously load the associated signal with different wavelengths of the optical service signal, and mix and transmit. At the downstream detection point, the loading point of the optical signal at the point can also be loaded. Simultaneous despreading of the associated identification signal improves the efficiency of the associated signal monitoring.
  • the method for detecting the despread signal in step 5 can be divided into the following four types: 1. detecting the power component of the associated signal in the despread signal, and determining whether the corresponding path signal exists; Measure the power component of the associated signal in the amplified signal, and compare it with the decision threshold to determine whether the corresponding associated signal exists; 3. Detect the power component of the associated signal in the despread signal, and calculate Corresponding traffic signal power component and OSNR; Fourth, detecting the overhead of the associated signal in the despread signal, and determining whether the corresponding associated signal exists according to the overhead.
  • the method for calculating the power component and the OSNR of the corresponding service signal is:
  • the total power of the DC component of the converted electrical signal in step 3 is Ptotal, and the detection of the power component of the associated signal is combined with Knowing the modulation depth, the power components corresponding to each of the associated signals are calculated as Psl, Ps2 ⁇ Psn, respectively.
  • Ptotal the power of the ASE (spontaneous radiated noise) is Pase in the optical signal
  • Ptotal Psl+ Ps2+ - +Psn+Pase
  • An optical path signal loading device is provided, as shown in FIG. 2, including a channel associated signal generating unit 1, a first spreading code generator 2, a spreading unit 3, and a loading unit 4, and a first input of the spreading unit 3
  • the terminal is connected to the output of the associated signal generating unit 1
  • the second input of the spreading unit 3 is connected to the output of the first spreading code generator 2
  • the loading unit 4 is used for serial connection on the optical channel 5, the loading unit
  • the input of 4 is connected to the output of the spread spectrum unit 3.
  • the loading unit 4 includes a modulator, attenuating variable device or a gain adjustable device.
  • the attenuation variable device includes an EVOA (Electrical Modifier Attenuator), etc.
  • the gain adjustable device includes an SOA (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier).
  • an optical follow-up signal detecting device is provided, as shown in FIG. 3, including the photoelectric conversion circuit 7, the despreading unit 8, the second spreading code generator 10, the optical splitter 6, the filter 11, and the associated signal
  • the processing unit 9, the optical splitter 6 is coupled to the optical channel, and the input end of the optical and electrical conversion circuit 7 is connected to the output end of the optical splitter 6; the output end of the photoelectric conversion circuit 7 is connected to the input end of the filter 11, the filter 11
  • the output terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the despreading unit 8 through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 12, and the second input terminal of the despreading unit 8 is connected to the output terminal of the second spreading code generator 10, and the output of the despreading unit 8 is output.
  • the terminal is connected to the input of the associated signal processing unit 9, and the associated signal processing unit 9 is configured to detect the signal output from the despreading unit 8.
  • a splitter is provided, which is connected in series between the filter and the despreading unit, and is used for filtering the filtered output of the filter.
  • the electrical signal is shunted and output to a plurality of despreading units, so that each despreading unit can
  • the demultiplexed electrical signals are simultaneously despread by a plurality of spreading codes generated according to the second spreading code generator.
  • the above filter 11 and analog to digital conversion circuit 12 are optional devices.
  • an optical follow-up signal loading method with negative feedback including the following steps: 1. Corresponding to the loading device The spreading code spreads the associated signal to obtain the associated identification signal of the point;
  • the loading device modulates the passed optical service signal with the associated identification signal at the point to obtain the modulated optical signal
  • the detecting device splits the modulated optical signal, and converts the split optical signal into an electrical signal
  • the detecting device filters the electrical signal, and despreads the filtered electrical signal by using a spreading code corresponding to the loading device;
  • the detecting device detects the despread signal and feeds back to the loading device according to the detection result;
  • the loading device processes the passed optical service signal according to the detection result.
  • the filtering in step 4 is an optional operation, and after filtering the electrical signal in step 4, an analog-to-digital conversion operation may be performed to enable subsequent operations to process the digital signal.
  • step 6 the detecting device detects that the power component of the associated signal in the despread signal is less than the minimum power threshold, and the loading device increases the modulation depth of the associated signal with the optical service signal; and detects the despread signal. If the power component of the associated signal is greater than the maximum power threshold, the loading device reduces the modulation depth of the associated signal to the optical service signal; and detects that the power component of the associated signal in the despread signal is at the minimum power threshold and the maximum power threshold Between, the loading device does not remodulate the optical service signal.
  • an optical path signal monitoring device including a loading device and a detecting device.
  • the loading device includes a path signal generating unit 1, a first spreading code generator 2, a spreading unit 3, and a loading unit 4;
  • the path signal generating unit 1 is configured to generate a path signal of the loading point;
  • a spreading code generator 2 is used to generate a spreading code of the loading point;
  • the frequency unit 3 is configured to spread the spreading code to the associated signal to obtain a path identification signal;
  • the loading unit 4 is used for The passing optical signal is modulated by the associated path identification signal to obtain a modulated optical signal.
  • the detecting device comprises a beam splitter 6, a photoelectric conversion circuit 7, a filter 11, a second spreading code generator 10, a despreading unit 8 and a path signal processing unit 9, the beam splitter 6 being used for coupling on the optical channel, Separating the modulated optical signal;
  • the photoelectric conversion circuit 7 is configured to convert the split optical signal into an electrical signal;
  • the filter 11 is configured to filter the electrical signal, and is mainly used for filtering DC components And the high frequency component;
  • the analog to digital conversion circuit 12 is configured to perform analog to digital conversion on the filtered signal;
  • the second spreading code generator 10 is configured to generate a spreading code corresponding to the loading point;
  • the unit 8 is configured to perform despreading on the filtered and electronically converted electrical signal by using a corresponding spreading code.
  • the associated signal processing unit 9 is configured to detect the despread signal and feed back the detection result to the loading.
  • the filter 11 and analog to digital conversion circuit 12 in the detection device are optional devices.
  • Embodiment 1 as shown in FIG. 5, there are four units A, B, C, and D on the optical channel 5, which are mutually connected by optical fibers, and each unit may be a station, or may be distributed in a certain site or distributed Functional units for different sites. Each unit can be either a loading point or a detection point. Each load point is assigned a unique identifiable spreading code.
  • the optical service signal of the wavelength ⁇ 1 forms a first optical signal after the loading point A1 of the first unit , and the optical service signal of the wavelength ⁇ 2 passes through the loading point A1 of the first unit ⁇ to form a first optical signal.
  • the two optical signals the first optical signal is dropped in the second unit B, the second optical signal is transmitted to the fourth unit D, and the detection point B2 of the second unit B, the detection point C2 and the fourth unit C of the second unit C
  • the detection point D2 of the unit D can detect the path identification signal loaded by the first unit A.
  • the path identification signal can be loaded at the upstream loading point to notify the downstream station that the optical signal passes the loading point.
  • the downstream detection point can use the corresponding spreading code to despread the associated identification signal of the optical signal received or passed through the detection point, and the processing of the decentralized associated signal can determine the operation of the upstream functional unit. Status, network status, to achieve the purpose of monitoring network performance, and can be further used for the transmission of overhead information.
  • Embodiment 2 as shown in FIG. 6, in a star network, loading a path identifier with different optical signals The signal, and the plurality of associated identification signals are detected in the combined optical signal.
  • WDM Widelength Division Multiplexing
  • different signals are loaded for each wavelength signal, and these identifiers can be detected on the optical multiplex section to judge the presence or absence of the wavelength signal to perform further Operation, such as controlling the output power of the amplifier; etc.; also determining the current network operation based on the power of the wavelength signal and the QS R detection to determine whether to perform further operations, such as whether wavelength blocking has occurred, whether protection is to be performed. Wait.
  • a path identification signal is loaded on a plurality of nodes, and a plurality of nodes are also provided with monitoring points.
  • each optical transmission segment in the WDM network can be detected by adding an associated identification signal on each optical transmission segment.
  • the increased ASE component is used to understand the degradation of the optical signal in each transmission segment, thereby prompting the network maintenance personnel to pay attention to whether the transmission segment is abnormal or not.
  • Applications of the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the above two modes, and are not limited to the combination of the two methods.
  • a WDM network both the wavelength signal and the OMS (optical multiplex section) and OTS (optical transmission section) signals need to be monitored, and the combination of the above two modes will occur.

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Description

光随路信号加载、 检测、 监控的方法及装置
本申请要求于 2006 年 2 月 21 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200610033905.4、 发明名称为 "光随路信号加载、 监控的方法及装置"的中 国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光通信技术领域， 特别涉及光随路信号加载、 检测、 监控 的方法及装置。
背景技术
光器件的进步， 极大地推动了光通信的发展。 波分复用器件及光放大 器件的迅速进步， 已经使得单根光纤传送 Tbps (每秒太比特）容量成为可 能。 伴随着编码、 调制等光传输技术的成熟， 长距离超长距离也已经问世， 目前已经商用的无电中继传输已经可以实现 2000 ~ 4000公里的传输。随着 单根光纤承载容量的提升以及无电中继传输距离的延伸， 全光传送网已经 被提上日程。
全光传送网因为光信号的透明性， 极大地降低了光传送成本， 并且不 会存在类似电信号处理所存在的 "电子瓶颈" 效应， 处理能力不受信号速 率、 协议、 格式等影响， 因此一直是通信网的理想。 随着可重构光器件如 WB (Wavelength Blocker, 波长阻塞器）、 WSS (Wavelength Select Switch, 波 长选择性交叉器)等技术的成熟， 构建基于全光信号处理的光传送网巳经成 为现实可能。
由于光信号的透明性， 无法携带随路开销信息， 从而无法全程监控光 信号的质量， 根据信号情况做出对应的处理措施； 无法检测光信号的来源 及去向， 规避光信号可能出现的错联， 根据光信号的随路开销对光信号进 行重路由或其它处理， 难以构建可与电信号媲美的电信级传送网。
ITU-T (国际电信联盟一标准化局)在 G.709中提出了带外控制方法， 通 过带外 OSC (光监控）通道传递不同光通道的信息， 实现对不同光信号的 管理、 维护功能。 但带外 OSC通道仅能实现对光信号的路由、 保护倒换等 处理功能， 无法实现对光信号质量、 性能的监控， 光信号质量是否满足需 求无法确认； 带外 OSC通道仅传递部分开销， 可重构器件对光信号的路由 是否真的完成对光信号所指定的选路动作无法得到确认； 同时带外 OSC通 道自身故障也会诱发对光信号的处理； 带外 OSC通道虽可通过备份策略增 强可靠性， 但会带来额外的成本和复杂度。
在美国专利号 US5513029名称 "Method and Apparatus for Monitoring Performance of Optical Transmission System (监控光传输系统性能的方法和 装置）" 中， 提到了一种监控光信号质量的方法， 通过在每个波长转换单元 的激光器驱动信号上增加一个低频扰动信号， 将该低频扰动信号调制到激 光器输出信号上， 从而将该低频扰动信号所对应的标识信号加载到波长信 号上形成光信号。 因为低频扰动信号调制深度一般小于 10 %， 对主光通道 的影响较小。 在监控点， 通过低频接收机对光信号的接收， 滤除其中的低 频扰动信号。 因为低频扰动信号与波长信号的分量比是恒定的, 因此可以 通过检测低频扰动信号检测出对应波长信号的功率， 结合整个光功率的测 量， 推算出对应波长信号的 OS R (光信噪比）等信息。 该方法虽然可以 实现波长信号质量的监控， 但它有几个缺点： 一、 不同波长必须使用不同 的频率进行标识， 频率间隔必须大于监控点的频率分辨度， 因此可用的标 识信号非常有限； 二、 虽然低频扰动信号对主光通道的影响较小， 但是对 -波长信号的质量仍有一定影响； 三、 必须预先配置波长信号与低频扰动信 号的对应关系， 否则无法知晓监控的是哪一路波长信号； 四、 该方法中的 光信号无法承载随路开销， 保护倒换以及其它选路命令以及其它指示信息 都必须通过其它方式解决。
在 US20030067646、 US20030067647 和 US20030067651 , 名称均为 "Channel Identification in Communications Networks" 中 , 都提到了一种新 的监控光信号质量的方法， 它们通过用两个或两个以上的频率来标识同一 个波长信号， 不同时间该波长上只有一个频率标识。 在监控点通过检测频 率标识及时间相关性， 可以判断波长信号存在情况， 并可以通过时间平均 后的功率， 推断出对应的波长功率及 OSNR等光信号质量情况。 因为它们 使用了多个频率来标识同一个波长信号，因此在同样可用的频率点情况下， 实现比现有技术一更多的标识功能。 但是， 它们仍然存在如下缺点： 一、 低频信号能量比较集中， 对波长信号仍有一定影响； 二、 频率标识与波长 之间的对应关系仍然必须预先配置， 以确定监控点所检测到的波长信号是 哪一路波长信号； 三、 光信号无法承载随路开销信息， 保护倒换、 选路及 其它指示信息仍然需要通过其它方式解决。 ·
在中国申请号 CN98804006.9, 名称 "附加数据信号和有用数据信号经 过光学连接的传输方法" 中， 进一步提到了另外一种方法， 对附加数据信 号进行一定的扩频处理后形成扩频信号， 之后以较小的幅度与有用的数据 信号进行叠加， 在接收端接收到数据信号后， 先以频域分离方式完成扩频 信号和有用数据信号的分离， 扩频数据经相关处理之后解出原始的附加数 据信号。 该方法解决了随路开销的传输问题， 但是没有解决光信号质量监 控、 不同标识如何区分等问题。
在全光网中， 要求能在不同的传送点加入额外的随路开销信息， 并能 在之后的监控点提取该开销信息， 该开销信息要求能完成光信号质量的监 控， 以及能承载随路传输的信令， 比如用于保护倒换的 APS(Automatic Protect Switch, 自动保护开关)信令，用于重路由的 OSPF(Open Shortest Path First, 开放最短路径优先)消息， 以及其它可能用于指示光信号来源和终结 的源节点 ID、 目的节点 ID等信息， 以上现有技术都未能解决该问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决随路监控和开销传递不足的问题， 提供光 随路信号加载、 检测、 监控的方法及装置。
为实现上述目的， 本发明提出一种光随路信号加载方法， 包括如下步 骤： 1 )加载点用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的随 路标识信号； 2 )加载点用随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得 到调制后的光信号。
一种光随路信号检测方法， 包括如下步骤： 1 )检测点对来自上游节点 的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的一路光信号转换为电信号； 2 )所述检测 点应用欲监控的加载点所对应的扩频码对所述电信号进行解扩； 得到所述 扩频码所对应监控加载点的随路信号。 一种光随路信号监控方法， 包括如下步骤： 1 )加载点用所对应的扩频 码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的随路标识信号； 2 )加载点用随路 标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号； 3 )检测点 对来自上游节点的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的一路光信号转换为电信 号； 4 )所迷检测点应用欲监控的加载点所对应的扩频码对所述电信号进行 解扩； 得到所述扩频码所对应监控加载点的随路信号。
一种带负反馈的光随路信号加载方法， 包括如下步骤： 1 )加载点用所 对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的随路标识信号； 2 )加 载点用随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制，得到调制后的光信号； 3 )在加载点同时设置检测点对所述光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的一路光 信号转换为电信号； 4 )所述检测点应用所述加载点所对应的扩频码对所述 电信号进行解扩； 得到所述加载点的随路信号， 所述随路信号用来控制所 述加载点的调制深度。
一种光随路信号加载装置， 包括： 随路信号产生单元， 用于产生加载 点的随路信号； 扩频码发生器， 用于产生加载点的扩频码； 扩频单元， 用 于将扩频码对随路信号进行扩频， 得到随路标识信号； 加载单元， 用于将 随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号。
一种光随路信号检测装置， 包括： 分光器， 用于耦合在光通道上， 对 调制后的光信号进行分光； 光电转换电路， 用于将分光后的光信号转换为 电信号； 扩频码发生器， 用于产生欲检测的加载点所对应的扩频码； 解扩 单元， 用于用对应的扩频码对所述电信号进行解扩； 随路信号处理单元， 用于对解扩后的信号进行检测， 根据检测结果进行处理。
一种光随路信号监控装置， 包括加载装置和检测装置， 其中： 所述加 载装置包括随路信号产生单元、 第一扩频码发生器、扩频单元和加载单元； 所述随路信号产生单元用于产生加载点的随路信号； 所述第一扩频码发生 器用于产生加载点的扩频码； 所述扩频单元用于将扩频码对随路信号进行 扩频， 得到随路标识信号； 所述加载单元用于将随路标识信号对经过的光 业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号； 所述检测装置包括分光器、 光 电转换电路、 第二扩频码发生器、 解扩单元和随路信号处理单元， 所述分 光器用于耦合在光通道上， 对调制后的光信号进行分光； 所述光电转换电 路用于将分光后的光信号转换为电信号； 所述第二扩频码发生器用于产生 欲检测的加载点所对应的扩频码； 所述解扩单元用于用对应的扩频码对所 述电信号进行解扩；所述随路信号处理单元用于对解扩后的信号进行检测, 根据检测结果进行处理。 本发明提供光随路信号的加载方法及装置， 在电域中用扩频码对随路 信号进行标识， 展宽了随路信号的谱宽， 使得随路标识信号的功率谱密度 降低， 减小其对光业务信号的干扰， 在相同的调制深度下， 扩频后的随路 标识信号对光业务信号的影响更小; 各加载点的随路标识信号独自完成对 光业务信号的调制后， 随着光业务信号在光通道中传递； 在下游任一检测 点， 都可将经过的光信号光电转换后， 对随路标识信号进行解扩， 根据随 路信号的检测， 可以了解上游加载点是否正常工作、 光通道是否正常传输 等， 从而实时发现故障， 解决问题， 监控光信号的质量参数， 提高光信号 传输的可靠性。
光随路信号的检测方法， 下游检测点可以检测到相应加载点的随路信 号， 通过对解扩后随路信号的处理， 根据随路信号的功率分量可以判定上 游加载点的工作状况、 加载点与检测点之间的网络状况， 通过对随路信号 的监控达到对网络性能进行监控的目的， 并且随路信号中还可以携带开销 信息， 实现随路开销的传送。
设置光信号随路监控装置， 既可以获得上游加载点的随路信号， 对上 游加载点及网络情况进行监控， 又可以对经过的光信号加载上自身的随路 信号， 以便下游检测点进行监控， 提高光信号传输的可靠性。
进一步的， 为了避免随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度不够等问 题的出现， 随路监控装置还可以对自身调制后的光信号进行反馈控制， 检 测装置根据调制后的光信号中随路信号的功率分量， 判断调制深度是否过 大或过小， 如果调制深度不够或过大， 则控制加载装置对光业务信号进行 再调制， 从而保证随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度适当。
附图说明
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述： 图 1是根据本发明实施例的流程示意图；
图 2是根据本发明实施例的光随路信号加载装置的结构示意图； 图 3是根据本发明实施例的光随路信号检测装置的结构示意图； 图 4是根据本发明实施例的光随路信号监控装置的结构示意图； 图 5是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图 6是本发明实施例二的结构示意图；
图 7是本发明实施例三的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
一种光随路信号的监控方法， 如图 1所示， 包括如下步骤：
A: 力口载：
1、加载点用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到该点的随路标识 信号；
2、加载点用该点的随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制，得到 调制后的光信号；
B: 检测：
3、检测点对调制后的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的光信号转换为电 信号；
4、检测点对电信号进行滤波， 并用检测点所欲检测的加载点所对应的 扩频码对滤波后的电信号进行解扩；
5、 该检测点对解扩后的信号进行检测， 根据检测结果进行处理。 上述光随路信号监控中的加载与检测， 即可以分别单独应用， 也可以 同时应用。 再有， 在实际应用中， 步骤 4内也可以不包括滤波操作。
随路信号可以包括力。载点的 ID信息、需要传送的开销信息、一串固定 或随机或指定的比特或字节的其中之一或组合。
扩频码包括正交的素数码、 光正交码、 二次同余码、 扩展素数码、 扩 展二次同余码、 混合码或改进素数码等单极性的扩频码。 采用单极性的扩 频码对随路信号进行扩频， 可以避免多个加载点之间的扩频码相互串扰， 提高了随路信号加载的可靠性， 减小对光业务信号的影响。
随路标识信号的周期大于等于光业务信号周期的预设倍数值 , 如通常 随路标识信号的周期大于等于光业务信号周期的 10倍。从而避免随路标识 信号对光业务信号产生干扰。
由于随路标识信号对光业务信号的影响与调制深度相关， 因此一般将 随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度控制在 3%〜5%之间，在某些应用时 随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度可以达到 10%。 因此， 随路标识信 号对光业务信号的调制深度小于等于预设调整值， 如 10%, 大约为 0.5dB 的调制深度。
步骤 1之前还包括对随路信号进行处理的步骤： 将若干随路开销组合 成帧， 在帧前插入固定帧头或可变帧头， 或者在帧中加 CRC (循环冗余码 校验）字节对随路开销进行纠错。
步骤 2对光业务信号进行调制的方法为： 将光业务信号接入 EVOA (电 调节衰减器)输入口， 利用随路标识信号控制光业务信号损耗， 随路标识信 号的强弱就反映到光业务信号光强的变化上， 实现随路标识信号对光业务 信号的调制； 或者将光业务信号接入 SOA (半导体光放大器)输入口， 利用 随路标识信号控制其增益， 将随路标识信号叠加到光业务信号上， 完成随 路标识信号的加载。
步骤 4对电信号进行滤波后， 还可以包括模数转换操作， 以使后续操 作对数字信号进行处理。
步骤 4 中对随路标识信号进行解扩， 包括如下两种情况的处理方式： 一、 当只有单一的随路标识信号时， 采用加载点对应的扩频码对随路标识 信号进行解扩， 得到该加载点的随路信号； 二、 如果混合了多个加载点扩 频后的随路标识信号时， 则先对滤波后的电信号进行分路， 用各加载点所 对应的扩频码对分路后的电信号进行并行解扩 , 分别得到各加载点所对应 的随路信号。 对于不同波长混合的光业务信号， 加载点可以同时对不同波 长的光业务信号加载随路标识信号， 并混合传输， 在下游检测点也可以对 在该点下路的光信号中各加载点加载的随路标识信号进行同时解扩， 提高 随路信号监控的效率。
步驟 5中对解扩后的信号的检测方法可分为如下四种： 一、 检测解扩 后的信号中随路信号的功率分量， 判断对应的随路信号是否存在； 二、 检 测解扩后的信号中随路信号的功率分量， 并将其与判决门限进行比较， 判 断对应的随路信号是否存在； 三、 检测解扩后的信号中随路信号的功率分 量， 计算出对应的业务信号的功率分量和 OSNR; 四、 检测解扩后的信号 中随路信号的开销， 根据开销， 判断对应的随路信号是否存在。
在上述第三种检测方式中， 计算对应业务信号的功率分量和 OSNR的 方法为： 步骤 3中转换后的电信号的直流分量总功率为 Ptotal, 通过随路信 号的功率分量的检测， 结合已知的调制深度， 计算出每个随路信号所对应 的功率分量分别为 Psl、 Ps2〜Psn,假设光信号中因为线路中的放大器引入 ASE (自发辐射噪声）功率为 Pase， 则 Ptotal=Psl+Ps2+— +Psn+Pase, 计算 出 ASE分量， 进而计算出业务信号的 OSNR。
设置一种光随路信号加载装置， 如图 2所示， 包括随路信号产生单元 1、 第一扩频码发生器 2、 扩频单元 3和加载单元 4， 扩频单元 3的第一输 入端与随路信号产生单元 1的输出端相连， 扩频单元 3的第二输入端与第 一扩频码发生器 2的输出端相连， 加载单元 4用于串联在光通道 5上， 加 载单元 4的输入端与扩频单元 3的输出端相连。
加载单元 4包括调制器、 衰减可变器件或增益可调器件。 衰减可变器 件包括 EVOA (电调节衰减器）等， 增益可调器件包括 SOA (半导体光放 大器）。
相应的， 设置一种光随路信号检测装置， 如图 3所示， 包括光电转换 电路 7、 解扩单元 8、 第二扩频码发生器 10、 分光器 6、 滤波器 11和随路 信号处理单元 9, 分光器 6耦合在光通道上， 光,电转换电路 7的输入端与 分光器 6的输出端相连；光电转换电路 7的输出端与滤波器 11的输入端相 连， 滤波器 11的输出端通过模数转换电路 12与解扩单元 8的第一输入端 相连， 解扩单元 8的第二输入端与第二扩频码发生器 10的输出端相连， 解 扩单元 8的输出端与随路信号处理单元 9的输入端相连， 随路信号处理单 元 9用于对解扩单元 8输出的信号进行检测。
调制后的光信号中加载了多个随路标识信号的情况下， 为了提高解扩 的效率， 设置分路器， 串联在滤波器和解扩单元之间， 用于将滤波器输出 的滤波后的电信号进行分路， 输出到多个解扩单元中， 从而各解扩单元可 以根据第二扩频码发生器产生的多个扩频码， 对分路后的电信号同时进行 解扩。 上述滤波器 11和模数转换电路 12是可选器件。
为了控制随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度， 提出另一种光随路 信号监控方法， 即一种带负反馈的光随路信号加载方法， 包括如下步驟： 1、 加载装置用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到该点的随路 标识信号；
2、 加载装置用该点的随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号；
3、 所述检测装置对调制后的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的光信号 转换为电信号；
4、 所述检测装置对所述电信号进行滤波， 并用加载装置所对应的扩 频码对所述滤波后的电信号进行解扩；
5、 所述检测装置对解扩后的信号进行检测， 根据检测结果反馈给加 载装置；
、 加载装置根据检测结果对经过的光业务信号进行处理。 类似的， 步驟 4内的滤波是可选操作， 且步骤 4对所述电信号进行滤 波后还可以进行模数转换操作， 以使后续操作对数字信号进行处理。
步骤 6中检测装置检测到解扩后的信号中的随路信号的功率分量小于 最小功率门限， 则加载装置提高随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度； 检测到解扩后的信号中的随路信号的功率分量大于最大功率门限， 则加载 装置降低随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度； 检测到解扩后的信号中 的随路信号的功率分量在最小功率门限和最大功率门限之间， 则加载装置 不对光业务信号进行再调制。
相应的， 设置一种光随路信号监控装置， 如图 4所示， 包括加载装置 和检测装置。
其中加载装置包括随路信号产生单元 1、 第一扩频码发生器 2、扩频单 元 3和加载单元 4; 所述随路信号产生单元 1用于产生加载点的随路信号； 所述第一扩频码发生器 2用于产生加载点的扩频码； 所述 频单元 3用于 将扩频码对随路信号进行扩频， 得到随路标识信号； 所述加载单元 4用于 将随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号。 检测装置包括分光器 6、 光电转换电路 7、 滤波器 11、 第二扩频码发 生器 10、 解扩单元 8和随路信号处理单元 9, 所述分光器 6用于耦合在光 通道上， 对调制后的光信号进行分光； 所述光电转换电路 7用于将分光后 的光信号转换为电信号； 所述滤波器 11用于对所述电信号进行滤波， 主要 用于滤除直流成份和高频成份；所述模数转换电路 12用于对滤波后的信号 进行模数转换； 所述第二扩频码发生器 10 用于产生加载点所对应的扩频 码； 所述解扩单元 8用于用对应的扩频码对滤波且经过模数转换后的电信 号进行解扩； 所述随路信号处理单元 9用于对解扩后的信号进行检测， 将 检测结果反馈给加载单元 4。 类似的， 该检测装置中的滤波器 11和模数转 换电路 12是可选器件。
实施例一， 如图 5所示， 在光通道 5上有四个单元 A、 B、 C、 D, 彼 此通过光纤相互连接， 各单元可以是站点， 也可以是分布在某站点内或分 布在不同站点的功能单元。 各单元既可以是加载点也可以是检测点。 各加 载点分别分配唯一的可识别的扩频码。
当某单元的加载点加载随路标识信号时， 所有通过加载点的波长信号 都将携带该加载点所加载的随路标识信号， 而且这些波长信号所经过的下 游单元监控点都可以检测并提取到该随路标识信号。
在本实施例中 ,波长为 λ 1的光业务信号经过第一单元 Α的加载点 A1 后形成第一光信号，波长为 λ 2的光业务信号经过第一单元 Α的加载点 A1 后形成第二光信号， 第一光信号在第二单元 B被下路， 第二光信号一直传 递到第四单元 D, 则第二单元 B的检测点 B2、 第三单元 C的检测点 C2和 第四单元 D的检测点 D2都可以检测第一单元 A所加载的随路标识信号。
通过上述处理， 可以在上游加载点加载随路标识信号， 以通知下游站 点该光信号经过该加载点。 下游检测点可以用对应的扩频码解扩其所接收 到的或者经过该检测点光信号的随路标识信号， 通过对解扩后的随路信号 的处理， 就可以判定上游功能单元的工作状态、 网络状况， 达到对网络性 能进行监控的目的， 并可进一步用于开销信息的传送。
实施例二， 如图 6所示， 在星型网络中， 对不同光信号加载随路标识 信号， 而在合路后的光信号中检测多个随路标识信号。
这种方式在 WDM (波分复用） 网络中为对每个波长信号加载不同的 标识， 而在光复用段上可以对这些标识进行检测， 判断波长信号的存在与 否， 以执行更进一步的操作， 比如控制放大器的输出功率等； 也可以根据 波长信号的功率和 QS R探测， 判断当前网络工作情况， 以决定是否执行 更进一步的操作， 比如是不是发生了波长阻断， 是否要执行保护等。
实施例三， 如图 7所示， 在一个链型网络中， 在多个节点上加载随路 标识信号， 而多个节点同时也设有监控点。
这种方式在 WDM网络中为每个光传输段上都加载开销， 该开销信息 沿整个链路向下传送， 通过在每个光传输段上增加的随路标识信号， 可以 探知每个传输段上所增加的 ASE分量， 了解到每个传输段对光信号的劣化 情况， 从而提示网络维护人员关注该传输段是否发生异常等。
本发明方法的应用包括但不限于以上两种方式， 也不限于两种方式組 合在一起使用。 比如在 WDM网絡中， 既要对波长信号进行监控， 也需要 对 OMS (光复用段）、 OTS (光传输段）信号进行监控， 此时就会出现上 述两种方式的组合应用。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
1 )加载点用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的 随路标识信号；
2 )加载点用随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制 后的光信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 步骤 1 ) 中采用单极性的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 扩频码包括素数码、 光正交码、 二次同余码、 扩展素数码、 扩展二次同余 码、 混合码或改进素数码。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 随路标识信号的周期大于或等于光业务信号周期的预设倍数值。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度小于或等于预设调整值。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 随路信号包括固定或随机或指定的一串比特或字节， 或包括加载点 ID信 息、 或开销信息。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6其中之一所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特 征在于， 还包括对所述随路信号进行如下处理： 将若干随路开销组合成帧， 在帧前插入固定帧头或可变帧头，或者在帧中加 CRC字节对随路开销进行 纠错， 之后执行步骤 1 )。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于： 所述 随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行的调制采用调制器、 衰減可变器或 增益可调器实现。
9、 一种光随路信号检测方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
1 )检测点对来自上游节点的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的一路光 信号转换为电信号；
2 )所述检测点应用欲监控的加载点所对应的扩频码对所述电信号进 行解扩； 得到所述扩频码所对应监控加载点的随路信号。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的光随路信号检测方法， 其特征在于： 所述 步骤 1 ) 中采用单极性的扩频码对滤波后的电信号进行解扩。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的光随路信号检测方法， 其特征在于： 所述 扩频码包括素数码、 光正交码、 二次同余码、 扩展素数码、 扩展二次同余 码、 混合码或改进素数码。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的光随路信号检测方法， 其特征在于， 所述 步骤 2 )之后进一步包括如下步驟： 所述检测点对解扩后的信号进行检测， 检测点将解扩后信号的检测结果反馈给相应的加载点。
13、 根据权利要求 9所迷的光随路信号检测方法， 其特征在于： 所述 步骤 2 ) 中还包括对电信号进行分路， 并分别用多个加载点所对应的扩频 码对所述分路后的电信号进行逐一解扩，得到各加载点所对应的随路信号。
14、 一种光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
1 )加载点用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的 随路标识信号；
2 )加载点用随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制 后的光信号；
3 )检测点对来自上游节点的光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的一路光 信号转换为电信号；
4 )所述检测点应用欲监控的加载点所对应的扩频码对所述电信号进 行解扩； 得到所述扩频码所对应监控加载点的随路信号。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所 述步骤 1 )中采用单极性的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频； 所述步骤 4 )中采 用单极性的扩频码对滤波后的电信号进行解扩。
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所 述扩频码包括素数码、 光正交码、 二次同余码、 扩展素数码、 扩展二次同 余码、 混合码或改进素数码。
17、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所述随路标识信号的周期大于或等于光业务信号周期的预设倍数值； 所述随路标识信号对光业务信号的调制深度小于或等于预设调整值。
18、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所 述随路信号为固定或随机或指定的一串比特或字节， 或所述随路信号包括 加载点 ID信息或开销信息。
19、根据权利要求 14至 18其中之一所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其 特征在于， 还包括对所述随路信号进行如下处理： 将若干随路开销组合成 帧， 在帧前插入固定帧头或可变帧头， 或者在帧中加 CRC字节对随路开销 进行纠错， 之后执行步骤 1 )。
20、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所 述随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行的调制采用调制器、 衰减可变器 或增益可调器实现。
21、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于， 所 述步骤 4 )之后进一步包括如下步骤： 所述检测点对解扩后的信号进行检 测， 检测点将解扩后信号的检测结果反馈给相应的加载点。
22、 根据权利要求 14所述的光随路信号监控方法， 其特征在于： 所 述步驟 4 ) 中还包括对电信号进行分路， 并分别用多个加载点所对应的扩 频码对所述分路后的电信号进行逐一解扩， 得到各加载点所对应的随路信 号。
23、 一种带负反馈的光随路信号加载方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步 骤：
1 )加载点用所对应的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频得到所述加载点的 随路标识信号；
2 )加载点用随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制 后的光信号；
3 )在加载点同时设置检测点对所述光信号进行分光， 并将分光后的 一路光信号转换为电信号；
4 )所述检测点应用所述加载点所对应的扩频码对所述电信号进行解 扩； 得到所述加载点的随路信号， 所述随路信号用来控制所述加载点的调 制深度。
24、 根据权利要求 23所述的带负反馈的光随路信号加载方法， 其特 征在于： 所述步骤 1 ) 中采用单极性的扩频码对随路信号进行扩频； 所述 步骤 4 ) 中采用单极性的扩频码对电信号进行解扩。
25、 一种光随路信号加载装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
随路信号产生单元， 用于产生加载点的随路信号；
扩频码发生器， 用于产生加载点的扩频码；
扩频单元， 用于将扩频码对随路信号进行扩频， 得到随路标识信号； 加载单元，用于将随路标识信号对经过的光业务信号进行调制，得到 调制后的光信号。
26、 根据权利要求 25所述的光随路信号加载装置， 其特征在于： 所 述扩频码为单极性扩频码。
27、 一种光随路信号检测装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
分光器， 用于耦合在光通道上， 对调制后的光信号进行分光； 光电转换电路， 用于将分光后的光信号转换为电信号；
扩频码发生器， 用于产生欲检测的加载点所对应的扩频码;
解扩单元， 用于用对应的扩频码对电信号进行解扩；
随路信号处理单元，用于对解扩后的信号进行检测，根据检测结果进 行处理。
28、 根据权利要求 27所述的光随路信号检测装置， 其特征在于： 所 述扩频码发生器所产生的扩频码为单极性扩频码。
29、 根据权利要求 27所述的光随路信号检测装置， 其特征在于： 还 包括分路器， 用于将所述电信号进行分路， 输出到多个解扩单元中， 并将 扩频码发生器产生的多个扩频码， 对多个解扩单元同时进行解扩。
30、 一种光随路信号监控装置， 其特征在于， 包括加载装置和检测装 置， 其中：
所述加载装置包括随路信号产生单元、第一扩频码发生器、扩频单元 和加载单元； 所述随路信号产生单元用于产生加载点的随路信号； 所述第 一扩频码发生器用于产生加载点的扩频码； 所述扩频单元用于将扩频码对 随路信号进行扩频， 得到随路标识信号； 所述加载单元用于将随路标识信 号对经过的光业务信号进行调制， 得到调制后的光信号；
所述检测装置包括分光器、光电转换电路、 第二扩频码发生器、解扩 单元和随路信号处理单元， 所述分光器用于耦合在光通道上， 对调制后的 光信号进行分光；所述光电转换电路用于将分光后的光信号转换为电信号； 所述第二扩频码发生器用于产生欲检测的加载点所对应的扩频码； 所述解 扩单元用于用对应的扩频码对所述电信号进行解扩； 所述随路信号处理单 元用于对解扩后的信号进行检测， 根据检测结果进行处理。
31、 根据权利要求 30所述的光随路信号监控装置， 其特征在于： 所 述扩频码为单极性扩频码。
32、 根据权利要求 30所述的光随路信号监控装置， 其特征在于： 所 述随路信号处理单元， 还用于根据检测结果， 反馈控制加载装置的加载单 元。
33、 根据权利要求 30所述的光随路信号监控装置， 其特征在于： 所 述检测装置还包括分路器， 用于将所述电信号进行分路， 输出到多个解扩 单元中， 并将扩频码发生器产生的多个扩频码， 对多个解扩单元同时进行 解扩。
PCT/CN2006/003131 2006-02-21 2006-11-21 A loading, detecting and monitoring method and apparatus for optical channel-associated signal WO2007095805A1 (en)

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EP06817867A EP1990937A4 (en) 2006-02-21 2006-11-21 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING, DETECTION AND MONITORING FOR OPTICAL SIGNAL ASSOCIATED WITH CHANNEL
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US12/195,717 US8280248B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2008-08-21 Method and apparatus for loading, detecting, and monitoring channel-associated optical signals
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US20120076497A1 (en) 2012-03-29
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CN100479352C (zh) 2009-04-15
CN101160758A (zh) 2008-04-09
US8891968B2 (en) 2014-11-18
CN1852055A (zh) 2006-10-25
US20090010641A1 (en) 2009-01-08
EP1990937A4 (en) 2011-05-04

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