Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
  • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
  • C25C3/12—Anodes
  • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
  • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
  • Y10T29/4973—Replacing of defective part
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
  • Y10T29/53274—Means to disassemble electrical device
  • Y10T29/53278—Storage cell or battery

Definitions

• the invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis. It relates more particularly to a method for removing the carbon blocks and metal sleeves attached to the rods of the anodes to reuse the rods and feet of anodes thus cleaned and to recycle the materials m removed. This method essentially concerns the removal of the anode remains of the spent anodes but it may also concern the stripping of defective new anodes.
• Aluminum is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, that is to say by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a bath of molten cryolite, called electrolyte bath, according to the Hall-Héroult process.
• the electrolyte bath is contained in electrolysis cells which comprise a steel box lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials and a cathode assembly located at the bottom of the tank.
• Anodes typically of carbonaceous material, are attached to a superstructure provided with means for moving them vertically, said anodes being consumed progressively during the electrolysis process.
• the assembly formed by an electrolytic cell, its anodes and the electrolyte bath is called an electrolysis cell.
• the anodes comprise a conductive metal rod, associated with an attachment device on said superstructure and with an electrical connection device, and a block of carbon material which constitutes the body of the anode and which is inserted inside. electrolyte bath.
• the connection between the anode rod and the body of carbon material is by intermediate foot, typically made of steel, secured to the base of the stem and which generally has a form of candelabrum returned, each branch of the candelabrum being associated with a cylindrical end whose axis is parallel to the rod and which is called "log".
• logs are introduced into recesses made on the upper face of the carbon material block and the interstices between the logs and the bores are filled by casting a molten metal, typically cast iron.
• the metal bushings thus produced - also called “timbales” - make it possible to ensure a good mechanical attachment and a good electrical connection between the rod and the block of carbon material.
• an electrolysis plant requires the regular replacement of the anodes that are consumed throughout the production of aluminum.
• the regeneration of a spent anode is an economic imperative operation that consists of removing the cooled electrolyte bath remained stuck on the anode butt (residual carbon block), then remove the butt and timbales for recycling, and finally to clean, and straighten if necessary, the assembly consisting of the rod and the anode foot to associate it with a new block of carbon material and thus obtain a new anode.
• some new anodes typically 1 to 2% of them) may have defects, for example a cracked carbon block, as they have to be set aside to be directly returned and recycled with the anodes. waste, without being introduced into the electrolysis cells.
• German Patent Application DE 41 28 522 discloses a stripper in which the stripper and a support device are introduced between the anode remainder and the transverse branches of the anode foot, the support device being placed in contact with the lower face of said transverse branches and protecting the latter when the stripper is actuated downwards to fragment the anode butt.
• the staple cutter described in DE 41 28522 also comprises a knife-shaped device which is operated from the bottom upwards at the end of the stubbing step to fragment and remove the last pieces of the remaining anode still attached to the logs.
• GB patent application 1,269,809 describes a system comprising a downward hydraulic stripper and hydraulic lateral clamping devices.
• This system has the advantage of offering the removal of carbon blocks (unhooking) and that of timbales (disassembly) in a single operation with the same machine.
• the particular stripper of this application consists of a ram that strikes the butt to fragment it, said ram being provided with a scraper which, passing in the vicinity of the log, allows to deform and detach the timbales.
• fr ⁇ gmente then detaches from the foot of anode. But the fragments of butt and timpani are removed in bulk and must be sorted later waste.
• the fixed plate plays a role of abutment unequally distributed according to the logs, and in particular during the removal of the timpani, it creates significant lateral forces that can seriously damage the feet or even the rods of anodes ,
• German patent application DE 44 10 599 also takes up the idea of unmounting and unmounting performed with the same machine. It proposes, for each log involved, a stop device which at least partially surrounds said log and a stripping punch, the stop device and the punch being movable relative to the log and movable towards each other at by means of an actuator. Thanks to a recess which is formed in the stop device and which surrounds the log with a diameter greater than that of the timbale, the punch first fragments the butt, removes the butt fragments and deforms and detaches the timbales.
• the latter method has the advantage of carrying out with a single machine the steps of unclogging and dismounting while separately recovering the fragmented blocks of butt and timbales.
• it has two drawbacks: a) it is necessary for as many devices of this type as there are and this poses a real congestion problem, in particular with the claimed system where the stop device and the punch are placed at the ends of substantially horizontal tool-carrying arms and pivoting towards each other about an axis.
• the object of the invention is to define a method for unclogging and dismantling used anodes (or new scraped ones) which uses a single device but does not have the drawbacks presented above, in particular which makes it possible to efficiently sort the waste. to avoid the use of heavy and expensive equipment such as specific grinders and / or magnetic deflectors.
• a first object according to the invention is a method for extracting the anode butt and the timbales hooked to a worn anode, comprising the following steps: a) placing the butt of the spent anode between an abutment device and a driving device, said driving device being movable with an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each log of the foot of the anode rod and having a first stop blocking the advance of the butt, said stop device being provided, around each log, with a recess having a second stop which blocks the advance of said timpani; b) moving the spent anode until the butt is blocked by the first stop; c) moving the driver in the direction of the stop device so that it comes into contact with said anode butt and imposes on said butt efforts such that the latter is fragmented and the fragments are detached from the butt; d) evacuation of butt fragments; e) continuing the movement of the driving device so that the timbales are
• the logs advance under the effect of advancing the etching device inside said recesses by driving butt portions still attached to the timbales.
• the timbales can move from the first stop to the second stop, covered by a kind of carbon sleeve.
• the timbale is not mechanically solicited while the last carbon fragments fall, This allows to easily separate the two stripping phase and thus facilitates the reception separated from the carbonaceous fragments and timbales.
• the recess has a general shape which is based on a cylinder coaxial with the log. Its diameter typically exceeds that of the timbale of about twenty millimeters.
• the lateral wall of the recess may have a surface state such that it can retain the carbonaceous material (reliefs formed in the bore, such as ridges, beads, typically in the form of helices, etc.) and thus generate a shear capable of terminating the fragmentation of the ends of the butt still hung on the log.
• the driving device is provided with driving means which comprise at least axial protuberances which, when the butt is no longer retained by the first stop - that is to say at the end of unclogging and during unmounting - are substantially in alignment with each log.
• driving means comprise at least axial protuberances which, when the butt is no longer retained by the first stop - that is to say at the end of unclogging and during unmounting - are substantially in alignment with each log.
• the process according to the invention is carried out after a first cleaning of the spent anode which consists of removing the electrolyte bath which remains attached to the butt.
• the spent anode is then directed to the unclogging and unmounting machine where the butt is placed between an abutment device and an etching device.
• the driving device can be moved using at least one actuator, typically a hydraulic cylinder.
• the displacement can be, as in WO96 / 25536, a simple translation or, as in DE 44 10599, a rotation about a horizontal axis, in fact, the displacement is effected according to a
• the vertical direction is chosen, which avoids the installation of an additional anode handling device.
• the spent anode is usually transported by means of an overhead conveyor, vertically, that is to say, attached to the conveyor by the upper end of its rod.
• its rod is held by holding means, typically centering clamps, which allow axial movement of the rod, the stem foot having to be able to move in that direction when is reached by the drive device, so as to allow said axial displacement, the holding means are advantageously provided, in contact with the rod, pads with a low coefficient of friction.
• the choice of a vertical direction 0 allows the other hand to use gravity to recover the waste.
• the driving device is advantageously actuated by a set of cylinders located outside the drop zone and receiving waste.
• the attacking device advantageously has axial protuberances which, at least at the end of unhooking and during the disassembly, are substantially in alignment with each log.
• the driving device according to the invention will be provided with two different means: a) pointed protuberances, typically in the form of pyramids or knives, which are not placed in the axis of the logs so as to attack in the stubble is removed from the logs and b) punches that end the stubble in the sense that they complete the fragmentation of butts left in the vicinity of the logs and are then used for the dismantling.
• said punches have a rounded end with a diameter smaller than that of the logs. They are placed in the axis of said logs when they come into contact with them. Preferably, they are frustoconical and of low slenderness.
• the pointed protuberances, or knives are arranged in one or more planes of symmetry of the geometric configuration constituted by the arrangement of the logs, which allows an attack of the butt well distributed spatially and thus avoids the formation of lateral forces susceptible to deform the stem foot.
• the punches are in the form of a truncated cone and have a small slenderness (average height / diameter ratio typically less than 1). In this way, they are more robust and do not trap timbales once they are detached from the logs.
• the conicity of the side wall makes it possible to "burst" the timbales as the punch advances towards the second stop.
• This bursting can also be promoted by equipping this frustoconical lateral wall with sharp edges projecting radially which promote fracturing.
• Said abutment device surrounds the logs at least partially with a clearance: in particular under the effect of the displacement of the driving device, it is imperative that the rod, the stem foot and the logs can move axially while the butt and / or the timbales are blocked.
• Said stop device at least partially surrounds each log; it has a first stop arranged so that it blocks the axial advance of the butt and a second abutment axially offset from the first and arranged so that it blocks the axial advance timpani.
• the first and second stops only partially surround the logs, so that the stop device can freely pass the transverse branches of the foot of the anode rod shaped inverted candelabrum.
• the forces generated during the disassembly being very high, it is advantageous to make a device which, while allowing free passage of the transverse branches of the foot of the anode rod, is provided, at least during the disassembly, d a second stop that completely surrounds the log.
• the device described in the example below is provided with a second stop which completely surrounds the log from the beginning of the unclogging.
• the abutment device according to the invention can be made in one piece, like the plate described in DE 41 28522 and which comprises as many indentations as there are logs.
• it can be a thick plate whose one face, corresponding to the first stop, is provided with recesses surrounding the logs and whose bottom corresponds to the second stop.
• such a plate would, according to the invention, be very thick since, alone, the difference in levels between the first and the second stop is substantially equal to the height of the timpani, which is typically of the order of 130 mm. .
• this plate having a face acting as a second stop and on which are fixed around the notches reserved for the logs, and at least partially surrounding said logs, axial walls, typically cylindrical or prism-shaped, whose height is substantially equal to the height of the timpani and whose free end acts as the first stop.
• the stop device can also consist, as in DE 44 10599, of individualized devices, or units, which provide a specific and independent support around each log, since such assemblies generate less lateral forces damaging to the foot of the body. 'anode.
• the device presented in the detailed example below consists of individualized devices, less bulky than those of DE 44 10599. It also has the particularity of having a first stop constituted in fact of a set of facets arranged regularly around each of the logs.
• these facets are placed at the ends of pins arranged regularly around a ring, the upper face of the base of this ring also serving as intermediate axial stop. Said pins are not aligned with the means of the driver, bending forces are generated in the carbon block, which facilitates the fragmentation of the butt.
• said unit comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve that can move inside said outer sleeve, the upper end of said outer sleeve being integral with the frame of the machine, the lower end.
• said outer sleeve partially surrounding the associated log and having a face acting as a first stop, said inner sleeve having an end wall which, when said inner sleeve comes into axial abutment against a wall integral with the frame of the machine, plays the role of said second stop.
• the lower end of the outer sleeve is provided with axial lugs whose end face acts as a first stop
• said inner sleeve consists of a pair of jaws that can be open to let the transverse arms of the anode foot.
• the spent anode (or the new anode rejected) is moved, either by the driving device or by a specific actuator, until the butt comes into axial abutment against the first stop.
• the driving device imposes a displacement in the lower part of the anode butt while its upper part is blocked.
• this first phase of fragmentation of the butt is advantageously provided with special means, typically knives , which are for example arranged in one or more planes of symmetry of the spatial configuration of the logs.
• the stop device is advantageously provided with axial lugs oriented downwards and arranged regularly around the logs.
• the end face of these lugs may constitute said first stop.
• an axial shift is chosen that is greater than or substantially equal to the height of the timpani, that is to say, typically greater than half the height of said timpani and preferably at least equal to said height.
• This offset also makes it possible to define a period of time in which it is possible to decide to stop the advance and even to make a slight retreat, typically over a distance of the order of half the height of the timpani, to facilitate detachment. and allow the reception of the last fragments of butt and their evacuation to the grinding devices and the manufacturing facility of carbonaceous blocks.
• the attack device is again set in motion: it continues its axial movement so that the timbales end up being blocked by the second stop.
• the axial protrusion of the attacking device continues to advance, ii occurs a significant shear force acting directly at the border between log and timb ⁇ le and said timpani eventually detach from the log.
• the axial protuberance being designed not to hold the cup, it falls to the reception area which has just been cleared of cigarette butts fragments and it is sufficient to evacuate said timbales which are fragmented, blasted and then directed to the ovens. fusion.
• the separation of the waste is carried out ex officio by the effective temporal separation between the two operations: unclogging then dismounting. It is then possible to design an inexpensive sorting device, and simple design: you can either direct the waste during their fall to a specific destination to the nature of the waste falling, or use a common reception area and associating at least one evacuation means that directs said waste to a specific destination to the nature of the waste received.
• an oblique wall which blocks the fall of the carbonaceous waste and makes them bounce in a given direction.
• said oblique wall is pivoted so that the timbales are projected in a different direction, preferably opposite.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention has a device for unclogging and dismounting with an integrated sorting device comprising a common receiving hearth which makes it possible to collect the carbonaceous waste and the timbales and on which a scraper is circulated in the va- and- comes following the following cycle: a) after the first operation (unclogging), the scraper is driven transversely to push the carbonaceous waste to a first transfer zone which is outside the waste reception area and where the butt fragments are fed to the carbon block preparation shop, typically via a belt conveyor circulating in the vicinity, for example along a side face of the machine; b) during the second operation (disassembly), the scraper remains immobile in this first transfer zone c) after the second operation, the scraper is moved in a transverse movement opposite the previous one to cross again the waste reception zone and pushing the timpani to a second transfer zone, which is outside the waste reception zone and where the timbales are taken to the melting furnaces, typically via a belt conveyor circulating in the vicinity, for
• the reception table consists of a chassis anchored in the ground, which receives on its upper part a robust table. These two parts are fixed to each other by means of elastic connection means, typically damping rubber pads, which allow the absorption of shocks during the fall of the waste.
• the entire device is provided with a dedusting network, in particular the anode stripping zone, the waste reception zone and the drop zones on the evacuation conveyors which are completely covered and connected. audit of dust collection network.
• Another object of the invention is a stripping and dismounting machine for carrying out the method according to the invention described supra able to disinfect as much used anodes as new anodes rejected, comprising a stop device and a device for driving, said driving device being movable by an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each log of the foot of the anode rod and presenting a first stop blocking the advance of the butt, said stop device being provided, around each log, with a recess having a second stop which blocks the advance of said timpani, said machine being characterized in that the axial distance between said first stop and said second stop is greater than or substantially equal to the height of said timpani.
• This machine may have the additional features or variants described above and in the example below, in particular the stop device comprising units consisting of an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve sliding in the outer sleeve, the driving device having knives arranged in at least one plane of symmetry of the logs and punches arranged in the alignment of the logs, the driving device driven by a set of actuators not located in the waste reception zone and the sorting device integrated in said machine, comprising a wiper operated in a back and forth direction,
• FIG. 1 schematically represents, in a down-plunge perspective, the interior of a particular machine for implementing the method according to the invention, illustrated at the moment when the spent anode-or the anode new scrap (shown here) - is placed in the machine, between the driver and the stop device,
• FIG. 2 diagrammatically details, in a diving perspective, a unit of the stop device of the machine illustrated in FIG. 1.
• the stem and the anode foot are the subject of a wire representation, except for the log associated with FIG. said unit.
• Two different stages of the process are represented: (2a) the starting phase, before the worn anode comes into axial abutment against the first stop and m (2b) the beginning of the disassembly phase, when the timbales come to axial abutment against the second stop,
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates, in a down-plunge perspective, the same device with a phase prior to that of FIG. 2b), the device / driver being this time represented.
• This prior phase corresponds to the beginning of the rise of the logs provided with their sleeve or "gangue" of carbon material (not shown) inside the recesses of the stop device,
• FIG. 4 illustrates, in front view, a device integrated in the preceding machine which makes it possible, with the aid of a scraper, to separate the butt fragments and the timpani separately,
• the spent anode 100 comprises a rod 120 of conductive metal and a butt 110 of carbon material.
• the connection between the stem and the body made of material C ⁇ rboné is made by means of a foot 121 made of steel, secured to the base of the stem and which is generally in the form of a turned candelabrum, each branch 123 of the candelabrum being associated with a log 122.
• the carbon body is attached to the rod by means of 4 logs 122,
• the mechanical and electrical connection between the carbon body and each log is provided by a cast iron timpani 130,
• the spent anode 100 is introduced in a vertical position in the unclogging and dismounting machine.
• the butt 110 and the anode foot 120 are introduced between an abutment device 200 and an etching device 300.
• the driving device 300 is driven by a set of jacks (not shown) acting vertically. To avoid cluttering the reception table, the jacks are offset and act on a thick beam 310 whose length is greater than that of the butt 110. This beam 310 is actuated by two jacks acting at each end of said beam (not shown ), thus providing a free and unobstructed space under said beam, able to collect the waste that was detached from the rest of the anode and fell.
• the driving device has punches 320 which are substantially in alignment with each log 122.
• sharp protuberances and knives 330 which are not placed in the axis of logs
• said punches 320 which are in the form of thin slender truncated cones, with a rounded end 321 which has a diameter of attack less than that of logs 122.
• these punches arrive in the vicinity of the base of the logs, in line with them. They raise the logs and their residual gangues of carbonaceous material in the bore formed in the outer sleeves 210 of the stop device.
• the internal sleeves 220 are driven by the logs, via the timbales, until they are immobilized by a fixed wall 400, associated with the frame of the m ⁇ chine.
• the bottom wall 221 of the inner sleeves then acts as a second stop 225.
• the pointed protuberances are arranged in a plane of symmetry of the geometrical configuration formed by the arrangement of the four logs 122, which allows a uniformly distributed attack of the butt and avoids the formation of lateral forces capable of deforming the stem foot 121, even the anode rod 120.
• the stop device 200 is here a set of four individualized units (200.1, 200.2, 200.3, 200.4), each of which partially surrounds a log 122 so that said log and the transverse arm 123 of the stem foot associated with it can move freely in the vertical direction.
• Each unit is composed of an outer sleeve 210 whose upper end is integral with the frame of the machine and whose lower end 216 is in the form of a ring partially surrounding the associated log 122.
• This lower end is provided with lugs 215 whose lower face 0 constitutes a portion of the first stop 211 which blocks the advance of the butt 110.
• the set of lower faces of the lugs occupy a surface which represents between 10 and 20 % of the area of the lower end 216.
• An axial notch provided on the outer sleeve 210 and extending to said first stop allows the transverse arm 123 of the anode foot to move freely in the vertical direction.
• Each unit also comprises an inner sleeve 220, consisting of a pair of jaws 2201 and 2202.
• the inner sleeve 220 can move inside the outer sleeve 210 over a distance H at least equal to 0 height timpani.
• the end wall 221 acts as a second stop 225.
• the inside of the outer sleeve 210 constitutes a recess 230 which has a second stop 225,
• the jaws 2201 and 2202 When placing the anode butt 110 between the driver 300 and the abutment device 200 (FIG. 2a), the jaws 2201 and 2202 are open so as to let the transverse arms 123 of the foot of When the jaws 2201 and 2202 close again, they form a second internal sleeve or sleeve 220, whose internal diameter is slightly greater than that of the log 122.
• This internal sleeve 220 also has an axial notch 223 which allows the transverse branch 123, the jaws 2201 and 2202 have their lower ends joined, forming a lower wall 221 which completely surrounds the log 122 and which has a bore whose inner diameter, close to that the diameter of the logs, is significantly lower than the external diameter of the timpani.
• the jaws 2201 and 2202 pivot about horizontal axes A1 and A2, integral with a rod 410 which can slide with a substantial clearance inside the wall 400.
• the set of jaws 2201 and 2202 and the rod 410 is a flexible assembly that allows the individualized centering and alignment of the inner sleeve 220 in the axis of each log 122.
• the bottom wall 221 of the inner sleeve 220 acts as a second stop 225, immobilizing the timbales 130, the punch 320 continues to drive the log 122 upwards, L Timbale / log interface is then strongly stressed in shear.
• the resistance of the inner sleeve 220 to the disassembly forces is further improved if it prevents the radial opening of the jaws 2201 and 2202.
• the outer wall of said jaws is provided with studs 229 which come into radial abutment against pins 219 placed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210 (see the circled area Z in Figure 2b).
• the bottom wall 221 does not play the role of a stop.
• the inner sleeve 220 is itself free to move inside the outer sleeve 210 over a height H, until its upper end 222 meets the fixed wall 400, integral with the frame of the machine.
• the axial offset between the first stop 211 and the second stop 225 is slightly greater than the height of the timpani 130 (130 mm in this case).
• the worn anode (or the new scraped anode) is moved vertically by an independent actuator which acts directly on the anode rod until the butt 110 comes into axial abutment against the first stop 211; the jaws 2201 and 2202 are open to let the transverse arms 123 of the anode feet then they are closed;
• the driving device 300 imposes a displacement at the lower part of the butt 110 while its upper part is blocked. This causes said butt efforts such that the latter is fragmented and the fragments are detached one after the other of the butt; the first phase of fragmentation of the butt is ensured by the knives 330; to facilitate the fragmentation of the butt the lower end 216 of the outer sleeve 210 is advantageously provided with axial lugs 215 oriented downwards and regularly distributed.
• the first stop 211 consists of all the lower faces of the lugs 215, which have a small area. Said lugs are not aligned with the drive means 330 and 320 and bending forces are generated in the carbon block, which facilitates the fragmentation of the butt;
• the lower end 216 of the outer sleeve 210 can also serve as intermediate axial abutment during the butt fragmentation;
• the attacking device continues to advance, the punches 320 eventually come into contact with the residual butt and, acting in the axis of the logs, force them to be introduced into the recess formed by the bore of the sleeve external 210 and to carry with them the inner sleeve 220.
• the residual butt is subjected to shearing forces that continue to fragment but these efforts, mainly due to friction against the bore of the sleeve 210, are relatively weak and the risk of ⁇ rr ⁇ ch ⁇ ge timpani is low. This completes the fragmentation of the remains of butt hanging in the vicinity of the log.
• the advance of the driving device 300 is stopped approximately at the moment when the inner sleeve 220 comes into axial abutment against the fixed wall 400 and where, consequently, the timbales 130 end up being blocked by the lower wall 221 which then plays the second stop role 225.
• the stop is controlled when, with the aid of a displacement sensor, it is found that the upper end 222 of the inner sleeve 220 is a few millimeters from the abutment 400. slight recoil to allow detachment and reception of the last butt fragments; all the carbonaceous waste is evacuated;
• the attacking device is again set in motion; there is a large shear force acting directly on the boundary between the log 122 and the timbale 130; the kettledrum is deformed, torn, and finally detaches itself from the log and falls to the reception area which has just been cleared of cigarette butts;
• the machine used in the context of this process also has an integrated sorting device 500 comprising a receiving hearth 510 for collecting waste and on which a scraper 520 is circulated back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the beam. attack 310; a) after the first operation (unclogging), the scraper 520 is driven transversely to push the carbonaceous waste towards a first transfer zone 530 where the butt fragments are deposited on a conveyor belt 531 placed along the a side face of the machine; b) during the second operation (disassembly), the wiper remains stationary in this first transfer zone 530; c) after the second operation, the scraper 520 is moved with a transverse movement opposite the previous one to cross again the zone of the sole of receiving 510 waste and push the timpani to a second transfer zone 540, where the timbales are poured on a belt conveyor 541 placed along the other side face of the machine; d) the scraper 520 remains stationary in this second transfer zone 540 during the first operation (d
• the reception table consists of a chassis 511 anchored in the ground, which receives on its upper part a sturdy table. These two parts are fixed to one another by means of damping pads 513 made of rubber.
• the entire device is equipped with a dust collection network 550. In particular the anode stripping zone, the waste receiving zone and the drop zones on the evacuation conveyors are completely covered and connected to the dust collection network. .
• the scraper 520 is guided twice by two rollers rolling in two irons U located on either side of the scraper. It slides on the upper surface of the receiving floor and is driven by a two-chain capstan system, operated by a geared motor installed at one end of the fixed frame of the table.

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