WO2007079427A2 - Materiau de transfert de chaleur utilisant des meches textiles porteuses - Google Patents

Materiau de transfert de chaleur utilisant des meches textiles porteuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007079427A2
WO2007079427A2 PCT/US2006/062773 US2006062773W WO2007079427A2 WO 2007079427 A2 WO2007079427 A2 WO 2007079427A2 US 2006062773 W US2006062773 W US 2006062773W WO 2007079427 A2 WO2007079427 A2 WO 2007079427A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
textile
shell
wick
heat
para
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/062773
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007079427A3 (fr
Inventor
Igor Touzov
Original Assignee
Igor Touzov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/306,530 external-priority patent/US20070151709A1/en
Priority claimed from US11/307,125 external-priority patent/US7299860B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/307,292 external-priority patent/US20070151710A1/en
Priority claimed from US11/307,359 external-priority patent/US20070151121A1/en
Priority claimed from US11/308,107 external-priority patent/US20070154700A1/en
Priority claimed from US11/308,438 external-priority patent/US20070155271A1/en
Priority claimed from US11/308,663 external-priority patent/US20070151703A1/en
Application filed by Igor Touzov filed Critical Igor Touzov
Publication of WO2007079427A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007079427A2/fr
Publication of WO2007079427A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007079427A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0241—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the tubes being flexible

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a field of structural design of heat conducting devices that utilize phase transitions of embedded chemicals and often referred as a heat pipes. It provides functional solution that reduces weight-to-performance ratio and improves performance of flexible designs.
  • Rosenfeld's invention accounts for at least five distinct material layers: two layers form outer shell, two layers of wick, and one layer of spacer with holes. While the spacer prevents collapse of the heat pipe under positive outer pressure it also attributes to decrease in flexibility, resists vapor transport, increases overall weight and size of the heat pipe assembly.
  • the shell of the design and the separator are two load bearing elements of Rosenfeld's invention that take load of differential pressure that exists between ambient and inner volumes.
  • wick structure 1 combines high tensile strength, efficient capillary pumping action, and effective vapor transport.
  • Figure 1 shows schematic structure of wick 1.
  • Braided fibers 2 form complex topological arrangement of a cable. At first, they form yarns, and then the yarns are braided to form plaits, that in turn braided to final structure. This creates segregated plurality of channels with width ranging from sub- micron to hundreds, and thousands of microns.
  • Chemical structure of fibers 2 is selectable from broad range of materials. Phase changing chemical(s) 3 in their liquid state 4 have high affinity to at least one type of fibers 2.
  • assembly 1 is capable of efficient adsorption of liquid 4, yet existence of channels with large width 8, and potential of arranging fibers with low affinity to liquid 4 inside of those channels, keeps channels 8 free from liquid 4 and allows gas 5 of chemical(s) 3 to occupy that space.
  • Shell 9 follows topography of exterior surface of wick 1 which makes it highly corrugated and highly flexible even when shell 9 is made of metal. Wick 1 provides continuous support to ultra-thin film of the shell 9. Said film is bonded to wick's 1 exterior fibers 2 chemically and/or topologically. Chemical binding is achievable through use of glues, activators, cross - polymerization and other well known bonding techniques. Topological bonding is established when material of shell 9 embeds or partially surrounds segments of fibers 2. In resulting aggregate the film of shell 9 has support by fibers 2 at very close intervals that commonly less than 1 00 microns apart.
  • Embodiment utilizing planar topology of the material of instant invention can provide isotropic two-dimensional heat transport or, depending of layout of fibers 2 of wick 1 , can provide complex anisotropic heat distribution pattern. In some embodiments it is possible to fit an artistic design into layout of fibers 2 that will be reflected in heat distribution pattern of the material.
  • Embodiments utilizing three-dimensional topology of the material of instant invention provide not only complex heat distribution pattern but also allow combination of custom mechanical properties. While most trivial isotropic heat transfer resistance is one of the cases covered by these embodiments, other patterns might provide higher additional benefits to targeted technical solutions.
  • wick l that formed by 3D textile is filled with high strength composite making it suitable for use as harness, bulk structural part, armor or any other special application.
  • Peripheral volume of wick 1 in this example has structure previously described for the material of instant invention.
  • Shell 9 seals wick 1.
  • Resulting product has high heat transfer characteristics defined by thin peripheral layer that functions as a heat pipe connecting all exterior points of the product.
  • the product has desirable mechanical and other special characteristics defined by composition of the inner volume. It is obvious that any other combination of properties is easily achievable and does not deviate from the concept presented by this invention.
  • wick 1 makes this invention uniquely suitable for implementation on highly efficient dedicated thermal interface regions.
  • standard sewing equipment is utilized to stitch a thin heat conductive filament 12 (e.g. copper, silver, or aluminum wire) through volume of wick 1.
  • Stitching pattern covers an area 1 1 of interface region for intended heat source.
  • Shell 9 covers and seals this interface region 1 1.
  • Resulting assembly is capable of delivering increased heat flux from a heat source to liquid 4. This is achieved because heat flux bypasses a material of wick 1 and creates boiling regions on large surface area of filaments 12 immersed in liquid 4.
  • Figure 1 shows cross-section of schematic structure of wick 1 (top), and its appearance from outside (below).
  • Figure 2 shows construction of braided composite yarn with intrinsic cavity 8 (left), yarn appearance is similar to thread but have braiding (right).
  • Figure 3 shows planar material of the invention wherein textile wick 1 is constrained between walls of shell 9. Top view (top left), front view (bottom left), side view
  • Figure 4 shows integral interface region created by stitching of solid heat conducting filament 12.
  • Section view (in the middle) shows filament 12 stitched through portion of volume occupied by wick 1.
  • Detail view B on left shows interface region 1 1 formed by shell 9 that seals both wick 1 and filament 12.
  • Isometric view (bottom) shows appearance of described feature 1 1.
  • Example of previously described unidimensional topology can be realized by using cable structure to form wick 1 along preferred direction of the pipe as shown on Figure 1.
  • the braiding uses nylon fibers to cover tows around central channel 8.
  • Teflon fibers are used instead of the nylon.
  • Peripheral tows use polyester or cotton fibers.
  • each tow uses micro fiber polyester in core and spun polyester on cover for peripheral tows, while Teflon filaments as a cover fiber for central tows.
  • Wick 1 is wrapped by thin film (e.g. Mylar) having one micrometer thick aluminum layer and low density polyethylene on each side. The wrap is heat sealed when ambient pressure is in excess of 100 KPa over inside pressure of channels in wick 1.
  • This step creates hermetic corrugated shell 9 that embeds segments of polyester fibers 2 from exterior surface of wick 1 .
  • Inner channels of wick 1 are purged with airless water steam at pressure slightly above ambient. This step removes gases from volume of wick's 1 channels as material gets heated to 100 C and continuous jet of airless water in gas state expels all adsorbed gases from wick 1.
  • output end of material assembly is sealed and continuous line of the material of instant invention is segmented by periodic seals creating segments along its preferred direction. This creates a line of isolated domains with preset length. There is no restriction on maximal length of produced linear material.
  • braiding equipment is used inline as a starting step of described process. This allows continuous production of the material of instant embodiment by putting all described steps inline. The product is spool of segmented cable that functions as a heat pipe yet has much higher flexibility and lesser weight.
  • chemical 3 is chosen as medium pressure refrigerant Rl 34a.
  • the tow content in best mode is spun polyester with exception for peripheral tows where content is 70 aramid/30 percent tinned copper.
  • Wrap film is replaced with 5 micrometer thick tinned copper foil that is wrapped around wick 1 with slight overlap.
  • the wrap is heat sealed at 230 C with external pressure of 100 KPa. This step creates hermetical corrugated shell 9 that is soldered to supporting wick fibers 2.
  • channels of wick 1 are purged with Rl 34a chilled to -30 C and leading end of the assembly is sealed. Continuous production squeezes leading segment to expel excess of refrigerant and seals leading segment from supplying end.
  • Produced material of instant embodiment is spool of segmented cable that functions as a heat pipe yet has much higher flexibility and lesser weight, and lesser thermal resistance of walls.
  • the material of present embodiment is also heat sealable. Application of heat and pressure across short segment causes melting and thermal degradation of embedded polymer materials and allows tinned copper film to create permanent hermetic joint that segments the product on shorter domains. This benefit additionally differentiates the material of invention from prior art. In fact, known prior art offers devices that can not be cut without damage. The material of instant invention can be cut on smaller pieces by means of described heat-seal step.
  • filaments composing fibers are graphite.
  • Shell 9 is created by electroplating of copper. Electroplated film embeds closely packed filaments on peripheral surface of yarn 1. Chemical 3 is Rl 34a.
  • the yarn 1 is segmented by periodic seals that create plurality of consequent isolated domains. Each of the domains has functions of micro heat pipe. Yet its differentiated from prior art designs of micro heat pipes by very low thermal resistance of ultra thin walls of shell 9, high mechanical strength that defined by fiber strength, flexibility that defined by corrugated at micron scale surface of shell 9.
  • segmented structure of produced yarn makes it insensitive to damages, because all damages are localized to particular domains.
  • the yarn of present embodiment can be produced in spools of continuous segmented micro heat pipe material. It is obvious that other fiber 2 and shell 9 materials as well as chemicals 3 can be used as well.
  • Wick 1 of present embodiment is sealed between two layers of film (e.g. Mylar type, metal foil, inorganic film, polymer composite, etc.) that forms shell 9 that comprises at least a layer of gas impermeable material.
  • shell 9 is formed by one micron thick tinned copper foil on outer side coated with 1 mil soft vinyl film.
  • wick 1 is sandwiched between walls of shell 9;
  • aggregate is sealed on tail edge and leading edge by hot roller or press creating a leading segment;
  • aggregate is purged with airless water steam at temperature above 100 C passing through volume of wick 1 ;
  • aggregate is sealed on both side edges using hot roller or press;
  • sealed leading segment is chilled to room and rolled into spool;
  • subsequent segment becomes the leading segment and undergoes all listed steps.
  • twill weave pattern creates channels 6 and 7 that might have different preferred orientation on opposite sides of wick 1
  • the pile of Z fibers forms one volume of channel 8 that expels liquid 4 and remains filled with gas 5 at all time.
  • Teflon Z fibers are highly hydrophobic. At room temperature pressure inside the material is below ambient, yet Z oriented fibers prevent channel 8 from collapse, even when additional mechanical pressure is applied. Twill pattern creates template on both external sides of the material. This template creates notable corrugations on shell 9 that contribute to its flexibility. Added layer of vinyl not only creates abrasion resistant coat but is also easily removable by solvents. This creates convenient way to make low thermal resistance interface regions. The material can be custom cut by localized application of heat and pressure using slightly modified commercial heat-seal equipment. [Para 33] Processing steps of instant embodiment can be altered in many ways. To keep present patent brief these alterations are omitted, as it is obvious how to produce described material, and many other approaches can be derived from one disclosed herein. All these alterations are still considered as a part of instant invention.
  • Twill pattern of present embodiment can be substituted on many other weaving patterns (e.g. plain weave, jacquard, etc.).
  • Pile of Z fibers may use several different types of filaments at the same time.
  • a percentage of Teflon filaments can be substituted with polyester filaments thus creating hydrophilic links between opposite sides of wick 1 of the material.
  • yarns of polyester can be used as a part of Z fibers to produce rows of hydrophilic junctions between opposite sides of wick 1 .
  • FIG. 35 Another mode is used to produce planar material of the invention that instead of water uses low or medium or high pressure commercial refrigerant as chemical(s) 3.
  • Wick 1 of present embodiment is analogous to the one described above and also uses velvet process. In one mode it is made of polyester fibers only. Amount of Z fibers is reduced to 1 - 10 percent from that used in traditional velvet production. This makes lighter less dense pile.
  • Walls of shell 9 are formed by layers of 0.5 mil unsaturated or thermoplastic polyester film. The film uses ambient surface of wick 1 as a template and acquires high degree of corrugation conformal to topography of exterior surface of wick 1 . Shell 9 is cross linked with exterior filaments of wick 1 to create permanent bond. The step of polyester crosslinking is well known in the field of related art.
  • warp fibers of weaved layers are substituted on fine copper wire (e.g. 50-100 micrometers in diameter).
  • Shell 9 is thin copper foil that is friction- welded or otherwise bonded to said warp wires.
  • Refrigerant 3 is purged through volume of wick 1. Purge step is performed when assembly of the material is partially compressed by external counter pressure (volumetric or mechanical). Compression step allows to control amount of refrigerant 3 deposited in volume of wick 1.
  • Steps of sealing and segmenting of the material are similar to previously described. They are used to complete production of the material of present embodiment. Unlike material of previous embodiment the material of present embodiment has positive internal differential pressure that contributes to its ability to adsorb and dump external mechanical forces. Reduced pile density increases volume of channel 8 thus increasing transport efficiency of gas 5. Internal pressure expands channel 8 and contributes to corrugation of shell 9.
  • the material of instant embodiment was created by stitching together two layers of twill weave textile to form wick 1 element of instant embodiment.
  • the segments can be created on completed material later on. Processes that allow creation said segments use creation of hermetic seams. The seams can be used to create new isolated segments and to change shape of the material by removing some isolated segments. There are many various processes that can be applied to create said seams. Examples are heat-sealing process that uses simultaneous application of heat and pressure; friction welding; laser welding.
  • Shell 9 is bonded to wick 1 to completely seal its volume. Depending on selection of chemical 3 it may be disposed into volume of wick 1 before or after the bonding step. To perform such disposition after bonding of shell 9 is complete, small opening in shell 9 is preserved or created. After the disposition said opening is sealed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau conducteur thermique qui utilise des transitions de phase pour transporter la chaleur. On peut utiliser ce matériau pour produire des dispositifs caloducs en créant simplement des joints hermétiques qui isolent des segments du matériau. Ce matériau présente une souplesse mécanique supérieure, une résistance à l'interface plus faible et un poids plus faible, sa structure à mèches textiles permettant de décharger les contraintes mécaniques de l'enveloppe périphérique du matériau.
PCT/US2006/062773 2005-12-30 2006-12-30 Materiau de transfert de chaleur utilisant des meches textiles porteuses WO2007079427A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30653105A 2005-12-30 2005-12-30
US11/306,530 2005-12-30
US11/306,530 US20070151709A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Heat pipes utilizing load bearing wicks
US11/306,531 2005-12-30
US11/307,125 US7299860B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-01-24 Integral fastener heat pipe
US11/307,125 2006-01-24
US11/307,292 2006-01-31
US11/307,292 US20070151710A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-01-31 High throughput technology for heat pipe production
US11/307,359 US20070151121A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-02-02 Stretchable and transformable planar heat pipe for apparel and footwear, and production method thereof
US11/307,359 2006-02-02
US11/308,107 US20070154700A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-03-07 Tunable heat regulating textile
US11/308,107 2006-03-07
US11/308,438 2006-03-24
US11/308,438 US20070155271A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-03-24 Heat conductive textile and method producing thereof
US11/308,663 2006-04-19
US11/308,663 US20070151703A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-04-19 Grid and yarn membrane heat pipes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007079427A2 true WO2007079427A2 (fr) 2007-07-12
WO2007079427A3 WO2007079427A3 (fr) 2008-03-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170027225A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2017-02-02 Batmark Limited Aerosol-forming member

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000292080A (ja) * 1999-04-08 2000-10-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ヒートパイプ
US6427765B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-08-06 Korea Electronics Telecomm Heat-pipe having woven-wired wick and method for manufacturing the same
US6446706B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-09-10 Thermal Corp. Flexible heat pipe

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1030892A (ja) * 1996-07-16 1998-02-03 Satomi Itou フレキシブルヒートパイプ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6427765B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-08-06 Korea Electronics Telecomm Heat-pipe having woven-wired wick and method for manufacturing the same
JP2000292080A (ja) * 1999-04-08 2000-10-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ヒートパイプ
US6446706B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-09-10 Thermal Corp. Flexible heat pipe

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170027225A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2017-02-02 Batmark Limited Aerosol-forming member

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007079427A3 (fr) 2008-03-27

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