WO2007077904A1 - 燃料電池システムとその運転停止方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムとその運転停止方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007077904A1 WO2007077904A1 PCT/JP2006/326166 JP2006326166W WO2007077904A1 WO 2007077904 A1 WO2007077904 A1 WO 2007077904A1 JP 2006326166 W JP2006326166 W JP 2006326166W WO 2007077904 A1 WO2007077904 A1 WO 2007077904A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- injector
- gas
- valve body
- valve
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
- F16K31/0658—Armature and valve member being one single element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system in which an injector is provided in a gas supply system of a fuel cell, and a method for stopping the operation thereof.
- a fuel cell system equipped with a fuel cell that generates power by receiving supply of reaction gas has been proposed and put into practical use.
- a fuel cell system is provided with a fuel supply channel for flowing fuel gas supplied from a fuel supply source such as a hydrogen tank to the fuel cell.
- a pressure regulating valve for reducing the supply pressure to a certain value is generally provided in the fuel supply passage.
- a mechanically adjustable pressure valve that changes the fuel gas supply pressure, for example, in two stages, is provided in the fuel supply flow path, so that the fuel gas supply pressure depends on the operating state of the system.
- the fuel supply system of the fuel cell system includes Since the water generated on the oxidant gas supply system side passes through the fuel cell and mixes with the power generation of the fuel cell, if the water remaining in the pressure regulating valve freezes, the pressure regulating valve stabilizes at low temperature startup. Operation is hindered.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has a responsiveness capable of stably operating even at a low temperature start and capable of appropriately changing the supply pressure of the fuel gas in accordance with the operating state of the fuel cell. The purpose is to provide a high fuel cell system and its shutdown method.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a gas supply system for supplying a reaction gas to the fuel cell, and a gas state on the upstream side of the gas supply system.
- the injector includes: an internal flow path that communicates the upstream side and the downstream side ii; and an internal flow path that is movably disposed within the internal flow path.
- a valve body that changes the open / closed state of the flow path, and includes a moisture reducing means that reduces at least the water around the valve body of the injector when the system is stopped or after the system is stopped.
- the injector depends on the operation state of the fuel cell (the amount of power generated by the fuel cell (power, current, voltage), the temperature of the fuel cell, the abnormal state of the fuel cell system, the abnormal state of the fuel cell body, etc.).
- injector valve opening gas passage area
- injector valve opening time gas injection time
- the supply pressure of the fuel gas can be appropriately changed according to the operating state of the fuel cell, and the responsiveness can be improved.
- Gas state means a gas state (flow rate, pressure, temperature, molar concentration, etc.), and particularly includes at least one of gas flow rate and gas pressure.
- the moisture reduction means reduces the moisture around the valve body, which is a movable part in the injector, when the system is stopped, so that even if the fuel cell system is exposed to a low temperature environment, the moisture will freeze in the injector. Sticking of the valve body is suppressed. ...
- the injector includes a valve body drive unit (e.g., a solenoid) that drives the valve body by energization, and the moisture reducing means is arranged around the valve body by controlling energization to the valve body drive unit. It may be one that reduces the water content of the water.
- a valve body drive unit e.g., a solenoid
- the moisture reducing means is arranged around the valve body by controlling energization to the valve body drive unit. It may be one that reduces the water content of the water.
- the reaction gas is heated by the heat generated by the valve body drive unit due to energization, the water vaporized at least partially around the valve body due to the temperature rise is easily discharged out of the injector. .
- the reaction gas is used as the temperature rising gas, it is not necessary to add a new piping system or the like to supply the temperature rising gas.
- the moisture reducing means may be such that a current that keeps the valve closed is supplied to the valve body driving portion of the injector, the temperature of the reaction gas is raised, and then the injector is opened.
- the injector is disposed in a fuel gas supply system communicating with the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell, and the moisture reducing means is configured to open the injector.
- the pressure on the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell may be made lower than the target pressure after the system is stopped. According to such a configuration, the pressure on the fuel electrode side is reduced below a predetermined target pressure by, for example, generating power in the fuel cell in a state where the fuel supply is shut off, so that the inside of the injector disposed in the fuel gas supply system is reduced. It is possible to promote the vaporization of water.
- a shutoff valve for shutting off the gas supply from the reactive gas supply source is provided upstream of the injector, and the moisture reducing means closes the shutoff valve and then supplies a current necessary for opening the injector (so-called (Inrush current) is continuously energized to the valve body drive unit, the shut-off valve is opened and the reaction gas from the reaction gas supply source is supplied to the injector, and then the injector is closed, You can close the shut-off valve.
- the shutoff valve is closed, so that even if the injector is opened, no reaction gas is supplied to the injector.
- the solenoid is continuously energized with a current necessary for opening the injector, that is, a current larger than the so-called valve opening holding current. Therefore, the temperature of the gas in the injector can be raised in a short time, and the water in the injector can be efficiently vaporized.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention comprises a circulation channel for returning the off gas of the reaction gas discharged from the fuel cell to the fuel cell, and a pump disposed in the circulation channel, and the moisture
- the reduction means may perform a process of reducing moisture around the valve body when the rotation speed of the pump is equal to or less than a predetermined rotation speed. According to such a configuration, the moisture reduction process can be performed in a state where the number of revolutions of the pump is sufficiently low and there is no water splash from the circulation flow path downstream of the gas flow from the injector. Is possible.
- the moisture reducing means has completely completed power generation by the fuel cell (for example, power generation for reaction gas consumption and power generation for depressurization of the gas supply system performed after receiving a system shutdown instruction). Later, a treatment to reduce the moisture around the valve body may be performed.
- the moisture reduction process is performed without the generation of water accompanying power generation and the supply of gas necessary for power generation, so that it is possible to suppress moisture from adhering to the valve body in the injector.
- the moisture reducing means for example, energizes the valve body drive part of the injector and the injector for maintaining the valve closed state for a predetermined time. It may be a thing to stop.
- a weak current smaller than the valve opening holding current flows in the valve body driving portion of the injector for a predetermined time, so that the valve body driving portion generates heat and the temperature of the injector rises. Condensation will occur early in the gas supply system piping, and condensation will be suppressed in the injector.
- the predetermined time may be set according to the outside air or the temperature of the fuel cell. According to such a configuration, it is possible to optimize the energization time of the valve-holding holding current, and to shorten the time required for the system stop process including the dew condensation suppression process.
- the moisture reducing unit may intermittently energize the valve body drive unit of the injector after the system is stopped. On / off of the current during the intermittent energization is controlled by, for example, a timer.
- the moisture reducing means may be configured to energize the valve body drive unit of the injector when it is predicted that condensation will occur around the valve body of the injector. According to such a configuration, it is possible to omit the execution of the condensation suppression process which is unnecessary when there is no risk of condensation, while the condensation suppression process is performed when the system is stopped. Despite the execution, even if there is a risk of condensation due to subsequent environmental changes, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of condensation.
- the fuel cell system shutdown method includes a fuel cell, a gas supply system for supplying a reaction gas to the fuel cell, and adjusting the gas state upstream of the gas supply system to the downstream side.
- a fuel cell system operation stopping method comprising: an injector to be supplied; and a step of reducing at least water around a valve body disposed in an internal flow path of the injector when the system is stopped. .
- the water around the valve body which is a movable part in the injector, is reduced when the system is stopped, so that the water is frozen in the injector even when the fuel cell system is exposed to a low temperature environment.
- the sticking of the valve body is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram for explaining a control mode of the control device of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the indicator used in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current flowing to the injector and the pressure on the fuel electrode side in another embodiment of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current flowing to the injector and the system start / stop signal in another embodiment of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the energization current to a projector, and the elapsed time after a system stop.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell 10 that generates electric power upon receiving supply of reaction gas (oxidized gas and fuel gas).
- An oxidizing gas piping system 2 for supplying air as an oxidizing gas, a hydrogen gas piping system 3 for supplying hydrogen gas as a fuel gas to the fuel cell 10, a control device 4 for integrated control of the entire system, and the like are provided.
- the fuel cell 10 has a stack structure in which a required number of unit cells that generate power upon receiving a reaction gas are stacked.
- the electric power generated by the fuel cell 10 is supplied to a PCU (Power Control Unit) 1 1.
- the P C U 1 1 includes an inverter, a D C -D C converter, and the like that are arranged between the fuel cell 10 and the traction motor 12. Further, the fuel cell 10 is provided with a current sensor 13 for detecting a current during power generation.
- the oxidizing gas piping system 2 includes an air supply channel 21 for supplying the oxidizing gas (air) humidified by the humidifier 20 to the fuel cell 10, and humidifying the oxidized off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 10.
- the air supply passage 21 is a compressor that takes in the oxidizing gas in the atmosphere and pumps it to the humidifier 20. 2 4 is provided.
- the hydrogen gas piping system 3 includes a hydrogen tank 30 as a fuel supply source (reaction gas supply source) that stores high-pressure (eg, 70 MPa) hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 as a fuel cell 1 Hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 as a fuel supply flow path for supplying to 0, and a circulation flow for returning hydrogen off-gas (reactive gas off-gas) discharged from the fuel cell 10 to the hydrogen supply flow path 31 Roads 3 and 2 are provided.
- the hydrogen gas piping system 3 is an embodiment of the gas supply system in the present invention.
- a reformer that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from hydrocarbon fuel, and a high-pressure gas that stores the reformed gas generated by this reformer in a high-pressure state.
- Tanks and can also be used as fuel supply sources.
- a tank having a hydrogen storage alloy may be employed as a fuel supply source.
- the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 is provided with a shut-off valve 3 3 that shuts off or allows the supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30, a regulator 3 4 that adjusts the pressure of the hydrogen gas, and an injector 3 5. It has been.
- a primary pressure sensor 41 and a temperature sensor 42 for detecting “the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply flow path 31”.
- a secondary that detects the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 is provided on the downstream side of the injector 35 and upstream of the junction of the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 and the circulation flow path 3 2, a secondary that detects the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 is provided on the downstream side of the injector 35 and upstream of the junction of the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 and the circulation flow path 3 2, a secondary that detects the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 is provided. Side pressure sensor 43 is provided.
- the regulator 34 is a device that regulates the upstream pressure (primary pressure) to a preset secondary pressure.
- a mechanical pressure reducing valve for reducing the primary pressure is employed as the regulator 34.
- the mechanical pressure reducing valve has a structure in which a back pressure chamber and a pressure regulating chamber are formed with a diaphragm therebetween, and the primary pressure is set to a predetermined pressure in the pressure regulating chamber by the back pressure in the back pressure chamber. It is possible to adopt a known configuration in which the pressure is reduced to a secondary pressure.
- the upstream pressure of the injector 35 can be effectively reduced. For this reason, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in designing the mechanical structure of the injector 35 (valve body, housing, flow path, driving device, etc.).
- the valve body 65 of the injector 35 moves due to an increase in the differential pressure between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the injector 35. It can be suppressed that it becomes difficult. Therefore, it is possible to widen the adjustable pressure width of the downstream pressure of the injector 35 and to suppress a decrease in the responsiveness of the injector 35.
- the injector 3.5 is an electromagnetic drive that can adjust the gas state such as gas flow rate and gas pressure by driving the valve body 65 directly with a predetermined driving cycle with electromagnetic driving force and separating it from the valve seat. It is a type on-off valve. In other words, the injector 3 5 directly opens and closes the valve (valve body and valve seat) with an electromagnetic driving force, and has a high responsiveness because its driving cycle can be controlled to a high response range. .
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the injector 35. This injector 35 constitutes a part of the hydrogen supply flow path (fuel supply system) 3 1, and is disposed on the hydrogen tank 30 side of the hydrogen supply flow path 31 at the other end 51.
- the hydrogen supply flow path 31 at the side of the fuel cell 10 has a metal cylinder 5 4 formed with an internal flow path 5 3 disposed on the side of the fuel cell 10.
- the first passage portion 56 connected to the mouth portion 51 and the second passage portion 5 7 having a larger diameter than the first passage portion 56 connected to the opposite side of the mouth portion 51 of the first passage portion 56
- the second passage portion 57 and the fourth passage portion 59 having a diameter smaller than that of the third passage portion 58 are formed on the opposite side of the second passage portion 57.
- Road 5 3 is constructed.
- the indicator 35 has an opening on the third passage portion 58 side of the fourth passage portion 59. And a second passage disposed in the third passage portion 58 and the cylindrical portion 6 2 movably inserted in the second passage portion 5 7.
- a metal valve body 6 5 having an umbrella part 6 3 having a diameter larger than that of the part 5 7 and having a communicating hole 6 4 formed obliquely in the umbrella part 6 3, and a cylindrical part 6 2 of the valve body 6 5
- One end side is inserted, and the other end side is locked to a stopper 66 formed in the first passage portion 56, whereby the valve body 65 is brought into contact with the valve seat 61 and the internal flow path 53
- the spring 6 7 and the valve body 6 5 are piled on the urging force of the spring 6 7 and moved until they come into contact with the second passage portion 5 8 of the third passage portion 5 8 and the step portion 6 8 on the 7 side.
- a solenoid (valve drive unit) 69 that separates the valve body 65 from the valve seat 61 and communicates
- the valve body 65 of the injector 35 is driven by energization control to the solenoid 6 9 which is an electromagnetic drive device, and the pulsed excitation current supplied to the solenoid 69 is turned on / off. Therefore, the opening time (opening time) or opening area of the internal flow path 53 can be switched between two stages, multi-stage, continuous (no stage), or linear. That is, as a control method of the open / close state of the injector 35, there are at least a method of changing the valve opening time and a method of changing the opening area.
- the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen gas are controlled with high accuracy by controlling the gas injection time and gas injection timing of the injector 35 by the control signal output from the control device 4.
- the injector 35 has the opening area (opening) and the opening area of the valve body 65 provided in the internal flow path 53 of the injector 35 in order to supply the gas flow rate required downstream thereof.
- the gas flow rate (or hydrogen molar concentration) supplied to the downstream side (fuel cell 10 side) is adjusted.
- the injector 35 can also be interpreted as a pressure regulating valve (a pressure reducing valve, a regulator).
- the modulation amount (pressure reduction amount) of the upstream gas pressure of the injector 35 can be changed so as to match the required pressure within a predetermined pressure range according to the gas requirement. It can also be interpreted as a pressure valve.
- an injector 35 is disposed upstream of the junction A 1-between the hydrogen supply channel 31 and the circulation channel 32.
- the hydrogen gas supplied from each hydrogen tank 30 is joined (hydrogen gas joining part A 2) Place the injector 35 on the downstream side.
- exhaust flow path 3 8 is connected to the circulation flow path 3 2 via a gas-liquid separator 3 6 and an exhaust drain valve 3 7.
- the gas-liquid separator 36 recovers moisture from the hydrogen off gas.
- the exhaust drain valve 3 7 is activated by a command from the control device 4 to discharge moisture recovered by the gas-liquid separator 36 and hydrogen off-gas containing impurities in the circulation channel 3 2 to the outside. (Purge).
- the circulation channel 3 2 is provided with a hydrogen pump 39 that pressurizes the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 32 and sends it to the hydrogen supply channel 31 side.
- a hydrogen pump 39 that pressurizes the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 32 and sends it to the hydrogen supply channel 31 side.
- the control device 4 detects the amount of operation of an acceleration operation device (accelerator, etc.) provided in the vehicle, and provides control information such as an acceleration request value (for example, required power generation amount from a load device such as the traction motor 12). In response, the operation of various devices in the system is controlled.
- the load device refers to the fuel cell 1 0
- Auxiliary equipment required for operation for example, compressor 24, hydrogen pump 39, cooling pump motor, etc.
- various devices related to vehicle running transmission, wheel control device, steering device, suspension device, etc.
- It is a collective term for the power consumption devices including the actuators, air conditioners (air conditioners) in the passenger space, lighting, audio, etc.
- the control device 4 is configured by a computer system (not shown).
- a computer system includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, HDD, input / output interface, display, and the like.
- Various control programs recorded in the ROM are read and executed by the CPU, and various controls are performed. Operation is realized.
- the control device 4 determines the fuel cell 1 based on the operating state of the fuel cell 10 (the current value during power generation of the fuel cell 10 detected by the current sensor 13).
- the amount of hydrogen gas consumed at 0 (hereinafter referred to as “hydrogen consumption”) is calculated (fuel consumption calculation function: B 1).
- the hydrogen consumption is calculated and updated every calculation cycle of the control device 4. Yes.
- control device 4 determines the target pressure value of the hydrogen gas at the downstream position of the injector 3 5 based on the operating state of the fuel cell 10 (current value during power generation of the fuel cell 10 detected by the current sensor 1 3). (Target gas supply pressure to the fuel cell 10) is calculated (target pressure value calculation function: B 2).
- target pressure value calculation function B 2
- the secondary side pressure sensor 43 is arranged for each calculation cycle of the control device 4 using a specific map representing the relationship between the current value of the fuel cell 10 and the target pressure value. The target pressure value at the position (pressure adjustment position where pressure adjustment is required) is calculated and updated.
- control device 4 detects the calculated target pressure value and the secondary pressure sensor 43.
- Injector 3 5 Calculate the feedback correction flow rate based on the detected pressure value at the downstream position (pressure adjustment position) and the deviation (feedback correction flow rate calculation function: B 3).
- the feedback correction flow rate is a hydrogen gas flow rate (pressure difference reduction correction flow rate) that is added to the hydrogen consumption to reduce the deviation between the target pressure value and the detected pressure value.
- the feedback correction flow rate is calculated and updated every calculation cycle of the control device 4 using a target tracking control law such as PI control. .
- control device 4 calculates a feedforward corrected flow rate corresponding to the deviation between the previously calculated target pressure value and the currently calculated target pressure value (feed forward corrected flow rate calculation function: B 4).
- the feedforward correction flow rate is the fluctuation of the hydrogen gas flow rate due to the fluctuation of the target pressure value (correction flow corresponding to the pressure difference).
- the feedforward correction flow rate is calculated and updated every calculation cycle of the control device 4 using a specific calculation formula representing the relationship between the deviation of the target pressure value and the feedforward correction flow rate. It is said.
- control device 4 detects the upstream gas state of the indicator 35 based on the gas state upstream of the indicator 35 (the pressure of the hydrogen gas detected by the primary pressure capacitor 41 and the temperature of the hydrogen gas detected by the temperature sensor 42).
- the static flow rate is calculated (Static flow rate calculation function: B 5).
- a static flow rate is calculated for each calculation cycle of the control device 4 using a specific calculation formula representing the relationship between the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen gas upstream of the indicator 35 and the static flow rate. We are going to calculate and update.
- the control device 4 calculates the invalid injection time of the indicator 35 based on the gas state upstream of the indicator 35 (hydrogen gas pressure and temperature) and the applied voltage (invalid injection time calculation function: B 6 ).
- the invalid injection time means the time required from when the injector 35 receives the control signal from the control device 4 until the actual injection is started.
- the specification representing the relationship between the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen gas upstream of the injector 35, the applied voltage, and the invalid injection time. Using this map, the invalid injection time is calculated and updated every calculation cycle of the control device 4.
- control device 4 calculates the injection flow rate of the injector 35 by adding the hydrogen consumption amount, the feedback correction flow rate, and the feed forward correction flow rate (injection flow rate calculation function: B 7). Then, the control device 4 calculates the basic injection time of the injector 35 by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the injection flow rate of the injector 35 by the static flow rate by the drive cycle of the injector 35, and calculates the basic injection time. And the invalid injection time are added to calculate the total injection time of the indicator 35 (total injection time calculation function: B 8).
- the drive cycle means a stepped (on / off) waveform cycle representing the open / close state of the injection hole of the injector 35.
- the drive period is set to a constant value by the control device 4. 'Then, the control device 4 controls the gas injection time and the gas injection timing of the injector 35 by outputting a control signal for realizing the total injection time of the injector 35 calculated through the above procedure. Adjust the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel cell 10.
- the injector 35 also serves as a valve that separates the humidification side (fuel cell 10 side) from the dry side (hydrogen • hydrogen tank 30 side). It is important to achieve low temperature (eg, 'below freezing) start-up. After stopping the fuel cell system 1 without reducing moisture in the injector 3 5, if the temperature drops below freezing at the next system startup, the water may freeze and the valve body 6 5 may stick, resulting in malfunction. There is.
- the moisture in the injector 35 should be reduced while suppressing the reduction in fuel consumption, and the moisture reduction process (scavenging) to reduce the moisture in the injector 35 when the system is stopped. Process).
- This moisture reduction process is controlled by the control device 4. That is, the control device 4 of the present embodiment is an embodiment of a moisture reducing unit that performs energization control of the injector 35, open / close control of the shut-off valve 33, and the like. '
- the injector 3 5 is cooled by the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 30.
- the solenoid 6 9 generates heat in the injector 3 5
- the hydrogen gas is heated. Therefore, when the control device 4 receives a system stop command, such as an reduction OFF (when the system is stopped), the control device 4 supplies a valve closing holding current that keeps the valve closing state to the solenoid 69 of the injector 35.
- the solenoid 6 9 When the solenoid 6 9 generates heat when energized, the hydrogen gas remaining in the injector 35 is heated by the generated solenoid 6 9. As a result, at least part of the water present around the valve body 65 is vaporized.
- the control device 4 releases the valve closing state to open the injector 35, and continuously supplies current to the solenoid 69 to maintain the valve opening state. 3 5 is opened.
- the water partially evaporated by the heated hydrogen gas existing around the valve body 65 is discharged from the indicator 35. Furthermore, since the temperature of the heated hydrogen gas raises the temperature of the injector 35 containing the valve body 65 and the piping on the downstream side thereof, subsequent moisture condensation is also suppressed.
- the water present around the valve body 65 can be efficiently vaporized and discharged with a small amount of hydrogen gas to be reduced. That is, it is possible to reduce the water content in the injector 35 while suppressing a decrease in fuel consumption. Therefore, the malfunction of the injector 35 due to freezing at the next low temperature start can be suppressed, and the start-up reliability in a low temperature environment can be improved.
- the operating state (injection time) of the injector 35 can be set according to the operating state (current value during power generation) of the fuel cell 10 it can.
- the supply pressure of hydrogen gas can be appropriately changed according to the operating state of the fuel cell 10, and the responsiveness can be improved.
- the indicator 35 is employed as the hydrogen gas flow rate adjustment valve and the adjustable pressure valve, high-precision pressure adjustment (adjustment of the hydrogen gas supply pressure to the fuel cell 10) becomes possible.
- the indicator 35 can receive the control signal from the control device 4 according to the operating state of the fuel cell 10 and adjust the injection time and injection timing of the hydrogen gas.
- the pressure can be adjusted more quickly and accurately than the adjustable pressure valve.
- the indicator 35 is smaller, lighter, and cheaper than the conventional mechanically adjustable pressure control valve, the entire system can be made smaller and cheaper.
- control device 4 may perform control to reduce the pressure on the fuel electrode side before the injector 35 is opened. Specifically, the control device 4 controls the pressure on the fuel electrode side after the injector 35 is closed, for example, by generating power to the fuel cell 10 with the hydrogen gas supply shut off. Decrease. '
- the fuel cell 10 is made to generate power with the hydrogen gas supply cut off so that the pressure is lower than the target pressure (symbol a) after the final system shutdown.
- the pressure in the supply flow path 31 is reduced (symbol b).
- the solenoid 35 is energized to the extent that the closed state of the indicator 35 is maintained (cannot be released) as described above, and the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the indicator 35 is raised. (Sign c :).
- the pressure control by the exhaust drain valve 37 is limited in improving accuracy because the control fluid is gas-liquid mixture.
- the valve diameter must be increased, which is disadvantageous in improving responsiveness.
- the control device 4 closes the shut-off valve 33 and then supplies the inrush current required to open the injector 35 (inrush current> open valve holding current) to the solenoid 6 9. Energize continuously, open shut-off valve 3 3 and supply hydrogen gas from hydrogen tank 30 to injector 3 5 by continuous energization, then close injector 3 5 and shut off shut-off valve 3 3- You can close it.
- the control device 4 may perform each of the above-described moisture reduction processes only when the rotation speed of the hydrogen pump 39 is equal to or less than a predetermined rotation speed.
- the water splashed from the circulation flow path 3 2 is located upstream of the valve body 6 5 of the indicator 3 5
- the number of revolutions of the hydrogen pump 39 is reduced, there will be no water splash from the downstream side, which may suppress the adhesion of moisture to the valve body 65 of the indicator 35. it can.
- the control device 4 also generates power from the fuel cell 10 (for example, includes power generation for hydrogen gas consumption and power generation for decompression of the hydrogen gas piping system 3 performed after receiving a system shutdown instruction).
- the above-described moisture reduction process may be performed after all the processes are completed. According to such a configuration, the water reduction process is performed without the generation of water accompanying power generation and the supply of gas necessary for power generation. It is possible to more effectively suppress water from adhering to the valve body 65 in 5.
- the injector 35 has a very small heat capacity compared to the pipes of the hydrogen supply flow path 31 and the circulation flow path 33 (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen system pipes), so the temperature of the injector 35 after the system shuts down.
- the decline slope is larger than that of hydrogen piping.
- the injector 35 is easier to cool than the hydrogen-based piping, and after the system stops, condensation occurs before the hydrogen-based piping.
- the control device 4 as a dew condensation control process, which is a form of the moisture reduction process according to the present invention, receives a system stop command such as a turn-off, etc. It is also possible to energize a valve closing holding current at which the valve closed state is maintained in 69, in other words, a current smaller than the valve opening holding current during normal operation for a predetermined time, and then stop the energization.
- the energization time (predetermined time) of the valve closing holding current may be a fixed time set in advance, or the outside air temperature or the temperature of the fuel cell 10 (or to control the temperature of the fuel cell 10). It may be a variable time arbitrarily set according to the temperature of the refrigerant. In the latter case, it is possible to optimize the energization time of the valve-holding holding current, and hence to shorten the time required for the system stop process including the dew condensation suppression process.
- the above dew condensation suppressing process may be executed after the system is stopped instead of or in addition to being executed when the system is stopped.
- System stops condensation control processing For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the control device 4 intermittently supplies a valve closing holding current to the solenoid 69 of the injector 35 after the system is stopped. On / off of the current during the intermittent energization is controlled by, for example, a timer.
- control device 4 performs the above dew condensation suppression process, that is, energizes the solenoid 35 of the injector 35 when the system is stopped or after the system is stopped. Run if you expect to occur. -'
- the possibility of dew condensation in the indicator 35 is provided, for example, in the outside temperature, the temperature of the indicator 35, the temperature of the fuel cell 1 °, the temperature of the hydrogen piping, and the drive driver of the indicator 35. It is possible to make a judgment using at least one parameter among the parameters represented by the resistance value of the indicator 35 obtained from the value of the current sensor.
- FIG.3 shows an example in which the circulation flow path 3 2 is provided.
- the circulation flow path 3 2 may be eliminated by directly connecting the discharge flow path 3 8 to the fuel cell 10. it can.
- an ejector instead of installing the hydrogen pump 39 in the circulation flow path 32, an ejector may be installed.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle.
- the present invention can be applied to various moving bodies (robots, ships, aircrafts, etc.) other than the fuel cell vehicle.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention can also be mounted.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is used for a building (house, building, etc.). It may be applied to a stationary power generation system used as a power generation facility.
- the present invention it is possible to reduce the water content around the injector valve body when the system is stopped. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the operation failure due to freezing in the injector, and the startup reliability in a low temperature environment Can be improved. Therefore, it can be widely used for fuel cell systems having such demands and their operation stop methods.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/084,574 US8178247B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-12-21 | Fuel cell system and its operation stop method |
DE112006003142.2T DE112006003142B4 (de) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-12-21 | Brennstoffzellsystem und dessen Betriebsunterbrechungsverfahren |
CN2006800506411A CN101356680B (zh) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-12-21 | 燃料电池系统及其运行停止方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006001858 | 2006-01-06 | ||
JP2006-001858 | 2006-01-06 | ||
JP2006-243179 | 2006-09-07 | ||
JP2006243179A JP5152616B2 (ja) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-09-07 | 燃料電池システムとその運転停止方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007077904A1 true WO2007077904A1 (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
Family
ID=38228254
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2006/326166 WO2007077904A1 (ja) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-12-21 | 燃料電池システムとその運転停止方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5152616B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100996695B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006003142B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007077904A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100233561A1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2010-09-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
CN109950578A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 一种冷启动系统及其控制方法 |
CN110663131A (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-01-07 | 爱三工业株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
WO2022214274A1 (de) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem und ventil für ein brennstoffzellensystem |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4882972B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-16 | 2012-02-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5170529B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP5228263B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-07-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP6565860B2 (ja) | 2016-10-17 | 2019-08-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR102518716B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-16 | 2023-04-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 가스 공급 제어용 솔레노이드 밸브 |
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- 2006-09-07 JP JP2006243179A patent/JP5152616B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-21 DE DE112006003142.2T patent/DE112006003142B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-21 WO PCT/JP2006/326166 patent/WO2007077904A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-12-21 KR KR1020087016315A patent/KR100996695B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN110663131A (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-01-07 | 爱三工业株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
CN110663131B (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2022-07-22 | 爱三工业株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
CN109950578A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 一种冷启动系统及其控制方法 |
CN109950578B (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 一种冷启动系统及其控制方法 |
WO2022214274A1 (de) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem und ventil für ein brennstoffzellensystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112006003142T5 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
KR20080073784A (ko) | 2008-08-11 |
KR100996695B1 (ko) | 2010-11-25 |
JP5152616B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
JP2007207745A (ja) | 2007-08-16 |
DE112006003142B4 (de) | 2017-02-02 |
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