WO2007031953A2 - Transmission video numerique efficace conforme aux normes utilisant le partitionnement des donnees - Google Patents

Transmission video numerique efficace conforme aux normes utilisant le partitionnement des donnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007031953A2
WO2007031953A2 PCT/IB2006/053270 IB2006053270W WO2007031953A2 WO 2007031953 A2 WO2007031953 A2 WO 2007031953A2 IB 2006053270 W IB2006053270 W IB 2006053270W WO 2007031953 A2 WO2007031953 A2 WO 2007031953A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
enhancement layer
memory
layer
packets
video stream
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PCT/IB2006/053270
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English (en)
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WO2007031953A3 (fr
Inventor
Karl Wittig
Richard Chen
Yingwei Chen
Ruediger Schmitt
Bruno Smets
Thierry Walrant
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
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Publication of WO2007031953A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007031953A2/fr
Publication of WO2007031953A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007031953A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/34—Scalability techniques involving progressive bit-plane based encoding of the enhancement layer, e.g. fine granular scalability [FGS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/132—Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/164—Feedback from the receiver or from the transmission channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/187—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a scalable video layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Definitions

  • This invention provides a system, apparatus and method for an efficient standard - compliant way of employing the technique of Data Partitioning (DP) to provide acceptable picture quality in digital video transmitted over a wireless home multimedia network during conditions of degraded or reduced bandwidth.
  • DP Data Partitioning
  • a prioritization scheme may be used to partition the video data in such a manner that the essential, or "base”, information is always transmitted, whereas, the less essential or “enhancement” information is not sent whenever the network bandwidth is insufficient . This results in displayed video whose quality is reduced from that of the original complete stream but is nevertheless intact and thus viewable.
  • the base information or "layer” is sent at a higher transmission priority than is used for the one or more layers of enhancement information by means of so-called Quality of Service (QoS).
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • This mechanism adapts to a variety of network bandwidth condition and corresponds to so-called adaptive streaming.
  • the use of such a scheme is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 wherein a source video stream 101 is encoded by a multilayer encoder 102 in a base layer 104 and at least one enhancement layer 104.1, ..., 104.N and the multilayer stream decoded by a multilayer decoder 106 into a single video output stream 1 07 and displayed on a video display 108.
  • DP Data Partitioning
  • DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
  • the RDDP scheme overcomes fundamental limitations of a conventional DP scheme by partitioning each DCT block independently without explicit transmission of the break point. Backward adaptation is used to synchronously deduce at the encoder and decoder the exact location of the breakpoint from the preceding DCT run -level pairs.
  • a fundamental practical disadvantage of DP -based video streaming is that the receiver must be fully compatible with the partitioning technique used by the transmitter.
  • a conventional receiver which is compliant with an existing video coding standard, such as MPEG, MPEG -2, or MPEG-4, is not able to decode video streamed by a transmitter that incorporates DP, and therefore cannot be used with such a transmitter.
  • a consumer is thereby forced to purchase a new receiver in addition to the transmitter that incorporates this feature.
  • the base partition typically contains DP information that is not part of the standard and as such will not be recognized and, therefore, not decoded by a receiver that is strictly standard-compliant.
  • the partition parameters that are transmitted in every MPEG-4 VOP 201 and VP header 202 of FIG. 2 are not present in any existing video coding standard, and an end-of-block (EOB) indication is required at the end of every DCT block (these are generally not present in the base layer stream 103).
  • EOB end-of-block
  • the video server that generates the digital video stream to be transmitted is a distinct unit that is separate from the wireless access point (WAP) that actually transmits this stream over the network.
  • the server output consists of a sequence of network packets that are sent to the WAP for transmission. If DP is to be employed, it is best performed within this WAP. Consequently, the network packet data (which consists of the original, unmodified, standard -compliant video stream), hence the packets themselves (which adhere to the networking protocol), must be modified.
  • a way is needed of employing the DP technique where the video stream consists of a sequence of network packets that adhere to a layered networking protocol and attaining the same result without directly modifying the video stream until enhancement layer information is actually dropped.
  • the system, apparatus, and method of the present invention provide a way for applying DP to a video stream that does not directly modify the video stream until enhancement layer information is actually dropped. Further, the present invention applies to a video stream that consists of a sequence of network packets that adhere to a layered networking protocol The present invention can greatly lower the data processing and computation requirements of DP.
  • the fundamental technique for applying DP to a digital video stream while maintaining compliance with the relevant video coding standard consists of adaptively dropping the enhancement information before attempting to send it over the network. If the enhancement layer is not sent, it becomes unnecessary to include any DP information in the base layer, which can then be made fully compliant with the video coding standard. This does not preclude the sending of enhancement information, when the network bandwidth is available, for use by receivers that are equipped to decode it. It does, how ever, insure that any standard-compliant receiver can always decode the base layer.
  • the video stream is typically generated within the application layer and subsequently processed by the transport and network layers of the networking protocol. Consequently, it consists of a sequence of protocol -compliant network packets that contains a standard - compliant video stream.
  • this sequence is "marked" to indicate the pre -computed DP points in each DCT block of the video stream contained wit hin the packets, and is also converted into a new, or reconstituted, sequence of network packets containing the aforementioned standard-compliant video stream from which enhancement layer data has been dropped when necessary.
  • the dropping of the enhancement data is performed in such a manner that it responds with a minimum of latency to any changes in the network bandwidth conditions. This is insured by dropping enhancement data below the network layer of the networking protocol.
  • the processing required to perform the dropping should thus have as low a complexity as possible to minimize the latency introduced by this operation.
  • the invention makes use of the aforementioned "marking" to eliminate the need for decoding the video stream at the lower network protocol layer, so that the network packet contents need only be treated as digital data that is either retained (as always in the case of a base layer) or removed (in the case of a dropped enhancement layer) for the creation of the new packet sequence.
  • the splitting of the video stream is performed (typically in the application layer of the networking protocol) by marking the video stream, using external indicators, to identify the DCT coefficients in each block that correspond to each enhancement layer such that, if a layer is to be dropped, the affected coefficient codes can be efficiently located and discarded (typically in a lower layer, such as the MAC layer, of the networking protocol) with a minimum of video stream processing.
  • a lower layer such as the MAC layer, of the networking protocol
  • a mechanism is also required to measure or estimate the available network bandwidth and determine if, and how many, enhancement layers are to be dropped.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates layered video coding in a wireless network
  • FIG. 2 illustrates multilayer backward-adaptive Rate-Distortion optimal Data Partitioning (RDDP) digital video data streams
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a standard layered networking protocol
  • FIG. 4 illustrates standard-compliant data partitioning of a video stream by external marking according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a lower level protocol of the DP of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a network packet structure for video streaming according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates external marking using data pointers according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 illustrates external marking using differential coding according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9A illustrate external markers of a mirror memory used by the external according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates a marked MPEG 1 / 2 video data stream externally marked according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • DP in order to perform DP on an elementary video stream according to a criterion of desired output rate, it is first necessary to determine partition parameters that will result in this rate. This is typically done for each video frame, although different granularities can be used (e.g., MPEG-I / 2 slice or MPEG -4 video packet).
  • the DP splitting algorithm for dropping enhancement layers comprises omitting DCT coefficients that are allocated to those layers from the output video stream.
  • DCT coefficients that are allocated to those layers from the output video stream.
  • MPEG-I / 2 both of which use two-dimensional entropy coding (one run-level pair for each coefficient) and have a dedicated End-Of-Block (EOB) codeword, it is only necessary to discard all coefficients starting with the first of the highest-priority dropped layer up until the EOB code for the block.
  • the degree of adaptation needed controls the dropping of enhancement layers.
  • the amount of data allocated to the enhancement layer(s) relative to the base layer is a fixed parameter that is determined for the specific system, application, and / or sequence, and used for every video frame under all network conditions.
  • the number of dropped enhancement layers, however, is determined by the adaptation.
  • the wireless network itself determines available bandwidth using whatever methodology and / or mechanism is chosen for this purpose. This information is used in conjunction with real-time statistics of the reconstituted packet sequence to determine the degree of adaptation required.
  • the collected statistics include but are not limited to, for example, information concerning the average and peak rates of the video data and its range of variation over time.
  • the latency of the adaptation feedback path which determines the response time of the system in regard to the number of enhancement layers dropped after a change in the available network bandwidth. This latency must be minimized, as it corresponds to a period during which the data rate of the reconstituted network packet sequence will be different from that which can be accommodated by the network at a given time.
  • the enhancement layer dropping at the lowermost possible layer; in particular, beneath the network layer. This can be done by extracting the elementary video stream from the network - layer packets that are received by the lower layer, using the stream markings to identify the enhancement layer data that is to be dropped if required by the network conditions, and reconstituting the network packets such that they are either smaller or of similar size but fewer in number compared to the original packet sequence. The resulting configuration is shown in the block diagram of FIG 5.
  • the adaptation, layer dropping, packet reconstitution, and real-time statistics functions can all reside within a single unit that may be a media processor, a custom integrated circuit, or any other self-contained implementation that is itself readily contiguous with the wireless network hardware that can in turn have any implementation appropriate to the system and application being considered.
  • the marking of the video stream can be performed at the video stream source, and sent to the WAP as a separate, corresponding data stream.
  • a marking technique that is particularly suited for this is provided by the second embodiment and alternative thereof of the present invention.
  • the video stream can be extracted from the network packet sequence such that the DP computations may be performed and the markers generated in this manner; this approach allows the invention to be used in a stand-alone WAP that can provide the advantages of the invention to a video stream generated by a conventional source which provides a network connection (e.g., some DVD players, personal video recorders, etc.).
  • the boundary between a base or enhancement layer and the subsequent enhancement layer may occur at any point in the video stream. In particular, this could be at any location within the packet data, and with a high probability not at the boundary between successive data bytes (i.e., in the middle of a byte).
  • the resulting packets are smaller than the original ones, at least if each of the new packets is to contain the remaining data (after enhancement layer dropping) that corresponds to the original packet.
  • the packet data correspondence between the original and reconstituted packets can be eliminated (i.e., the data from successive packets can be concatenated), thereby allowing the new packets to be of the same or similar size as the original ones, but fewer in number.
  • the structure (i.e., the headers and their constituent fields) of a typical network packet 600 used for streaming video is shown in FIG. 6, in which the header fields that are affected when packet reconstruction occurs are marked with an asterisk (*).
  • a packetization scheme such as the Real -time Transport Protocol (RTP), see, e.g., D. Hoffinan, et al, RTP Payload Format for MPEG-I / MPEG-2 Video, Network Working Group, RFC 2250, January 1998 and J. Kikuchi, et.
  • RTP Real -time Transport Protocol
  • each packet header may contain a timestamp, typically associated with a video frame, and a packet sequence number, in addition to other sequence -related information.
  • Both the timestamp and the sequence number can be re -computed according to the rules, if necessary, and most of the remaining information does not change; in the case of RTP, the sequence number for each reconstituted packet is just the increment of the previous packet value, and the timestamp corresponds to the video frame and as such can only change when two complete video frames / VOPs are merged into a single packet in which case the earlier value is used.
  • the transport layer 302 itself introduces further protocols, typically in the form of a header for each packet. Two common protocols at this layer are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which is a reliable connection -oriented protocol that supports retransmission and thereby requires acknowledgements, and Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is connectionless and therefore does not require acknowledgements. Most high-rate video streaming applications make use of the connectionless UDP protocol for which no acknowledgements are needed. Consequently, it is only necessary to re-compute the packet length and checksum values for each reconstituted packet.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • UDP Universal
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the first embodiment of the present invention is applicable to streaming video applications in wireless home networks. It is of particular significance in that it eli minates the requirement that both transmitter and receiver components for such applications be compatible with the invention, and allows any standard-compliant receiver components to be used with transmitter components that incorporate the invention, parti cularly when a wireless access point and a streaming video source are separate units.
  • a data pointer is used to identify the beginning of each enhancement layer in every DCT block of the video stream, and an additional pointer indicates the end of the block.
  • These pointers are generated by the DP splitting algorithm in lieu of the discrete video layer data streams conventionally output by a DP splitter, and are subsequently used to immediately locate enhancement layers that are to be dropped.
  • the pointers can be stored in either a single contiguous memory, with pointers stored successively for each layer within a DCT block, or in discrete memories that correspond to each layer.
  • each pointer corresponds to a storage element (e.g., a byte or a 32 -bit word), whereas the start of an entropy codeword can correspond to any position within that element. Consequently, additional data bits are required to specify this position (e.g., 3 for byte alignment, 5 for 32 -bit word).
  • a dedicated codeword indicates End-Of-Block (EOB). Consequently, each enhancement layer pointer indicates the start of ⁇ ie first coefficient of its corresponding layer, and the final pointer indicates the start of the EOB code. If a given enhancement layer is to be dropped, along with all subsequent enhancement layers, the pointer to the start of that layer is used, in conjunction with the pointer to the EOB, to discard all coefficients in the range between the two pointers. It thus becomes entirely unnecessary to decode the video stream, and only a movement of data with realignment relative to the storage elements (e.g., bytes) is needed.
  • EOB End-Of-Block
  • each codeword identifies either the last coefficient in the block or a prior coefficient within the block in addition to containing the (run, level) information. Consequently, each enhancement layer pointer indicates the start of the last coefficient of the layer before its corresponding layer, and the final pointer indicates the end of the last coefficient of the block. If an enhancement layer is dropped, the last coefficient of the previous layer must now be decoded to determine the (run, level) values, and re -coded to the EOB coefficient that corresponds to the same values.
  • EOB three-dimensional
  • NULL pointers convey no information and can be eliminated, leaving a single NULL pointer for the first enhancement layer that is not pre sent in the block, thereby reducing the size of the pointer memory.
  • the previous alternative second embodiments represent the most direct embodiment of the invention, as well as the most efficient when implemented using a computer program executing on a processor, they use a very large amount of memory. In particular, the memory required increases in direct proportion to the number of enhancement layers.
  • a third alternative second embodiment reduces the required enhancement layer pointer memory.
  • Such a reduction is achieved in a third alternative of the second embodiment by observing that successive pointers correspond to DCT coefficient codes located either within the same block (if a contiguous memory is used for all enhancement layers) or, in adjacent blocks within the video stream (especially if discrete memories are used for each layer).
  • each pointer typically has a large numerical representation (e.g., at least 32 bits), the difference between successive pointers is generally quite small. Since the sequential processing of a video stream corresponds to a successive retrieval of the pointers, only a BASE pointer to the start of the data buffer is actually needed, with all subsequent pointers coded and stored differentially.
  • the special case of the null pointer can be represented by an otherwise unused differential code, such as a value of zero.
  • mirror data buffer 900 that corresponds exactly to the buffer 950 in which the video stream data is stored, but which contains "marker bits” whose locations are identical to the DCT coefficient locations in the data buffer 950 that were indicated by pointers in the first two alternatives of the second embodiment.
  • Each marker bit (for example, a T bit where all non- marker bits are O'), is located at the same position as the start of the DCT coefficient codeword to which it corresponds, so that the codeword can be readily located in the video data buffer simply by identifying the marker bit in the mirror data buffer 900. Successive markers within each block correspond to the coefficients for each enhancement layer.
  • EOB can be represented by two or more adjacent bits in the mirror buffer 900 (more generally, by any number of bits that does not exceed the minimum codeword length; in the case of a two-dimensional entropy code, if it equals the length of the EOB codeword, the following base layer codeword is readily located).
  • the marker data can be sent from the higher networking protocol layer to the lower layer in exactly the same format as the video data.
  • the amount of data sent to the lower layer is always exactly twice that of the video stream.
  • the invention can be used to externally mark the enhancement layers within network packets just as effectively as it can do so for the elementary video stream (or any layer of the network protocol), using the first two alternatives of the second embodiment (or any other suitable pointer scheme), this technique lends itself most naturally to the marking of network packets.
  • an adaptation mechanism is needed to determine, in response to network bandwidth conditions, the number of enhancement layers (if any) that are to be dropped.
  • the external marking is then used to identify the portion of the video stream, within each DCT block, that is to be discarded (i.e., not transmitted). Because this identification can be made so rapidly in the present invention, the latency delay between a change in network conditions and the dropping of enhancement layers can be minimized.
  • the technique of the present invention is especially effective if more than one enhancement layer is used. In any event, this fast response assumes that the fraction of the video data rate allocated to each layer is held constant for a given stream.
  • Dynamic data partitioning i.e., variation of this fraction in response to network conditions
  • Dynamic data partitioning can be used with the present invention, but it becomes necessary to communicate the desired fractions to the higher networking protocol layer, and this will introduce a higher latency consisting of this communication in addition to that of the video and marker data packets to the lower layer.
  • enhancement layer information is dropped, it becomes necessary to re -package the video stream into new network packets. This is because many packets, after the elimination of variable-length entropy codes, will now have a non -integer byte number length. Additionally, a sequence of eliminated codes may reside across the boundary within two packets. It is preferable for re-packaging to be performed according to a maximum packet size criterion in order to reduce network traffic, since the latter generally depends upon the number of network packets rather than merely their size.
  • the alternatives of the second embodiment are applicable to streaming video applications in wireless home networks. All embodiments eliminate the requirement that both transmitter and receiver components for such applications be compatible with this technology, and allow any standard-compliant receiver components to be used with transmitter components that incorporate the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (400 500), un appareil (550) et un procédé efficaces conformes aux normes utilisant la technique du partitionnement des données (DP) afin d'obtenir une qualité d'image acceptable dans une vidéo numérique transmise via un réseau multimédia domestique sans fil (411 510) qui peut suivre un protocole en couche (300) dans des conditions de dégradation ou de diminution de la largeur de bande. Cette conformité garantit que les données vidéo provenant d'une source comprenant la présente invention peuvent être décodées avec succès et rendues par n'importe quel récepteur vidéo numérique conforme à la norme correspondante et que l'équipement de transmission peut être utilisé avec n'importe quel équipement suivant le protocole de réseau (300).
PCT/IB2006/053270 2005-09-16 2006-09-13 Transmission video numerique efficace conforme aux normes utilisant le partitionnement des donnees WO2007031953A2 (fr)

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US60/718,181 2005-09-16

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WO2002056599A2 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-18 Intel Corporation Procede et appareil permettant de fournir une extensibilite a grains fins en mode predicitif
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WO2002056599A2 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-18 Intel Corporation Procede et appareil permettant de fournir une extensibilite a grains fins en mode predicitif
WO2005029868A1 (fr) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Cloisonnement de donnees video a distorsion du taux par recherche a enveloppe convexe
US20050180646A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Methods for sending and receiving an animation, and associated devices

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BATRA P ET AL: "Optimal Data Partitioning of MPEG-2 Coded Video" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 14, no. 10, October 2004 (2004-10), pages 1195-1209, XP001201782 ISSN: 1051-8215 cited in the application *
LISIMACHOS P KONDI ET AL: "An Operational Rate-Distortion Optimal Single-Pass SNR Scalable Video Coder" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 10, no. 11, November 2001 (2001-11), XP011025862 ISSN: 1057-7149 *
OSTERBERG P ET AL: "Receiver-controlled joint source/channel coding on the application level, for video streaming over WLANs" VTC 2003-SPRING. THE 57TH. IEEE SEMIANNUAL VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE. PROCEEDINGS. JEJU, KOREA, APRIL 22 - 25, 2003, IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLGY CONFERENCE, NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. VOL. 4 OF 4. CONF. 57, 22 April 2003 (2003-04-22), pages 1558-1561, XP010862422 ISBN: 0-7803-7757-5 *

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