Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/54—Disc armature motors or generators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
  • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
  • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
  • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/64—Motors specially adapted for running on DC or AC by choice

Definitions

• This disclosure relates generally to electric motors and electric generators and more particularly to such rotating electromagnetic machines having monopole fields.
• Tu et al, US 2004/0135452 discloses a flat rotary electric generator that includes at least one toroidal coil structure for cutting magnetic lines to induce a current and at least one disc-shaped magnetic pole structure oriented parallel to the helical coil structure. If multiple toroidal coil structures and disc-shaped magnetic coil structures are included, the toroidal coil structures and disc-shaped magnetic coil structures are arranged in alternating manner. The toroidal coil structure and disc-shaped magnetic pole structure are not provided with a permeable material. When either the toroidal coil structures or the at least one disc-shaped magnetic pole structure is rotated by an external force, the toroidal coil structure cuts the magnetic lines passing therethrough to generate an induced current.
• Neal, US 2002/0135263, discloses a plurality of stator arc segments that form a toroidal core for a stator assembly used to make a motor.
• a plurality of magnetic fields is created when electrical current is conducted through wire wound around poles on the toroidal core.
• a monolithic body of phase change material substantially encapsulates the conductors and holds the stator arc segments in contact with each other in the toroidal core.
• Hard disc drives using the motor, and methods of constructing the motor and hard disc drives are also disclosed.
• Rose, US 6803691 discloses an electrical machine that comprises a magnetically permeable ring-shaped core centered on an axis of rotation and having two axially-opposite sides.
• Coils are wound toroidally about the core and disposed sequentially along the circumferential direction.
• Each coil includes two side legs extending radially alongside respectively sides of the core. Coil-free spaces exist between adjacent side legs.
• a bracket has first and second side flanges that are connected by a bridging structure and respectively abut the first and second sides of the coil.
• Mohler, US 6507257 discloses a bi-directional latching actuator that is comprised of an output shaft with one or more rotors fixedly mounted thereon. The shaft and rotor are mounted for rotation in a magnetically conductive housing having a cylindrical coil mounted therein and is closed by conductive end caps. The end caps have stator pole pieces mounted thereon.
• the rotor has at least two oppositely magnetized permanent magnets which are asymmetrically mounted, i.e., they are adjacent at one side and separated by a nonmagnetic void on the other side.
• the stator pole piece has asymmetric flux conductivity and in one embodiment is axially thicker than the remaining portion of the pole piece.
• An abutment prevents the rotor from swinging to the neutral position (where the rotor magnets are axially aligned with the higher conductivity portion of the pole piece).
• the rotor is magnetically latched in one of two positions being drawn towards the neutral position.
• Mohler US 5337030, discloses a permanent magnet brushless torque actuator that is comprised of an electromagnetic core capable of generating an elongated toroidally shaped magnet flux field when energized. Outside the generally cylindrical coil is an outer housing with upper and lower end plates at each end. Mounted to the end plates and extending towards each other are stator pole pieces separated from its opposing pole piece by an air gap. A permanent magnet rotor is disposed in the air gap and mounted on a shaft which in turn is rotatably mounted in each of the end plates.
• the permanent magnet rotor comprises at least two permanent magnets, each covering an arcuate portion of the rotor and having opposite polarities. Energization of the coil with current in one direction magnetizes the pole pieces such that each of the two pole pieces attracts one of the magnets of the rotor and repels the other magnet of the rotor resulting in a torque generated by the output shaft. Reversal of the current flow results in a reversal of the torque and rotation of the rotor in the opposite direction.
• Preferred embodiments are disclosed having multiple cells, i.e. a plurality of stator rotor stator combinations and/or cells in which there are a plurality of pole pieces at each stator pole plane.
• Kloosterhouse et al, US 5191255 discloses an electromagnetic motor that includes a rotor having a plurality of magnets mounted along a perimeter of the rotor. Preferably, adjacent magnets have opposite poles facing outward.
• One or more electromagnets are disposed adjacent to the perimeter of the rotor so that as the rotor rotates, the magnets mounted on the rotor are carried near the poles of the electromagnets.
• the drive circuit includes a photosensitive device which produces a signal whose value varies according to whether the device is receiving light reflected from the reflective material. The signal is amplified to produce drive current for the electromagnets.
• Westley, 4623809 discloses a stepper motor housing a pole structure in which a pair of identical stator plates, each having a plurality of poles, are positioned back to back with the poles projecting in opposite directions, the stator plates being positioned between a pair of substantially identical stator cups, each stator cup having a plurality of poles projecting inwardly from a back wall with a peripheral side wall terminating in an outwardly extending flange. A major surface of each flange is in contact with a face on one of the stator plates so as to assure a low reluctance magnetic path.
• Fawzy, 4565938 discloses an electromechanical device which can be used as a motor or as a generator.
• the device has a housing, including bearing means to support a rotatable shaft.
• Disc magnet means are provided, and poled to have alternating polarity and are mounted on the shaft to define a rotor.
• the device includes at least one first pole shoe in contact with the magnet means, having a portion extending radially therefrom to define a virtual pole chamber, of a first polarity. Also included is at least one second pole shoe in contact with the magnet and having a portion extending radially therefrom to define a virtual pole chamber of the other polarity.
• a toroid stator is mounted on the housing and has windings thereon.
• the stator is positioned annularly around the disc magnets such that the virtual pole chambers of the first and second pole shoes surround portions of said windings with circumferentially alternating fields of alternating polarity.
• Means are provided for electrical contact with the stator to draw off current when the device is operated as a generator, or provide current to operate the device as a motor.
• Fawzy, 4459501 discloses an electromechanical device which can be used as a motor or as a generator that has a housing, including bearing means to support a rotatable shaft.
• a pair of disc magnets are poled to have opposite polarity on the two faces of each. The magnets are mounted face to face together on the shaft to define a rotor.
• the device includes at least one first pole shoe in contact with one face of each magnet, and having a portion extending radially therefrom to define, in its preferred form, a pair of virtual pole chambers, of the same polarity as said one face. Also included is at least one second pole shoe in contact with the other face of each magnet and having a portion extending radially therefrom to define in its preferred form a pair of virtual pole chambers of the same polarity as the other face.
• a toroid stator is mounted on the housing and has windings thereon. The stator is positioned annularly around the disc magnets such that the virtual pole chambers of the first and second pole shoes surround portions of said windings with circumferentially alternating fields of alternating polarity.
• a rotating electromagnetic apparatus has a stator including a stator frame supporting parallel spaced apart, disc-shaped permanent magnet sets. Each of the magnet sets is formed as plural, spaced apart, co-planar magnet segments. The segments are arranged with permanent magnet poles of opposite polarity in an alternating sequence.
• a rotor provides a magnetically permeable rotating rotor frame mounted on an axle and supported by the stator frame. The rotor frame provides a plurality of radially oriented, toroidally wound coils. Like poles of the magnet sets are set in opposing, face-to-face positions with the rotor between them.
• a current supplying commutator engages the rotor such that each of the coils provides electromagnet poles positioned alternately for attraction and repulsion of the electromagnet poles with respect to the permanent magnet poles thereby causing rotor rotation.
• Another objective is to provide an electromagnetic rotating machine with superior torque relative to conventional machines.
• a further objective is to provide such a machine useful as an electric motor.
• a further objective is to provide such a machine useful as an electric generator.
• a further objective is to provide such a machine that is able to be operated as a DC or as an AC device.
• a still further objective is to provide such a machine that is useful as a power converter.
• Figure 1 is an elevational view of a rotor of the apparatus showing a commutator and brushes
• Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof taken along line 2-2 in Fig. 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view thereof conceptually showing the stator as two pair of semicircular magnet sets, with the rotor positioned medially;
• Figure 4 is a perspective view thereof conceptually showing the stator as rings of four magnet sets, with the rotor positioned medially;
• Figure 5 is a perspective view thereof conceptually showing the stator as rings of eight magnet sets, with the rotor positioned medially;
• Figure 6 is a perspective view thereof conceptually showing the stator as rings of twelve magnet sets, with the rotor positioned medially;
• Figure 7 is a perspective view thereof showing construction details of the rotor
• Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view thereof showing the commutator and brushes of the apparatus
• Figure 9 is a side elevational view thereof showing the commutator and brushes
• Figure 10 is an electrical schematic diagram thereof configured for DC operation with high torque and moderate speed
• Figure 11 is an electrical schematic diagram thereof configured for DC operation with high speed and high torque
• Figure 12 is an electrical schematic diagram thereof configured for AC operation
• Figure 13 is an electrical schematic diagram thereof configured for DC operation with low current and high speed.
• Figure 14 is an electrical schematic diagram thereof configured for AC operation with high voltage. Detailed Description
• a rotating electromagnetic apparatus comprises a stator including a stator frame 152 supporting parallel spaced apart, disc-shaped permanent magnet sets, wherein each of the magnet sets comprises plural, spaced apart, co-planar magnet segments 146.
• the segments 146 are arranged with pairs of opposing N-N and S-S permanent magnet poles, as shown by the letters "S" for south pole and "N" for north pole, of opposite polarity in alternating circumferential sequence as is shown in Figs. 3-6 depicting four separate possible configurations of the magnet sets.
• a rotor provides a magnetically permeable rotating rotor frame 140 mounted on, and rotating with, an axle 144 which is supported by the stator frame 152 as shown in Fig. 2.
• the 140 includes central structural element 156 fixed to axle 144.
• the rotor frame 140 provides a plurality of radially oriented, toroidally wound coils 148 as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 10.
• Like poles of the magnet segments 146 are in opposing, face-to-face positions with the rotor positioned therebetween.
• a current supplying commutator 158 engages the rotor such that each of the coils 148 provide, on each side of its plane, an electromagnet active monopole 168 as shown in Fig. 1, which are positioned for attraction or repulsion of the adjacent permanent magnet poles in a manner causing rotation of the rotor.
• the permanent magnets induce magnetic monopole fields in the ferromagnetic core.
• Axle 144 rotates within a bearing in frame 152 and the frame 152 includes structural elements 150 for supporting the stator.
• the magnet segments 146 may comprise two semicircular segments as shown in
• Fig. 5 twelve segments, as shown in Fig. 6, or may comprise any number of such segments 148.
• the segments 146 are mounted on discs 142 made of ferromagnetic material. When more than two segments are used, the commutator is also segmented accordingly.
• the rotor frame 140 may be made up of layers of ferromagnetic sheet material 164 as shown in Fig. 1, or it may be a monolithic sintered ferrite part as shown in Fig. 7 which eliminates hysteresis. Electrical conductors in the form of insulated wires are wound into coils 148 within radial slots 130 formed in the rotor frame 140 (Fig.
• coils 148 are interconnected as shown in Fig. 10, i.e., all of the coils 148 are wired so as to have an electrically common point 183 in Figs. 2 and 10 at one end of the coils 148.
• the other end of each of the coils 148 is connected to a wiper 158 which slides on commutator 159 as best shown in Fig. 8.
• the wipers 158 are preferably set at an angle to the axis of axel 144 to obtain improved contact surface area with commutators 159, which are spring loaded for continuous contact with the wipers 158.
• commutators 159 which are spring loaded for continuous contact with the wipers 158.
• Fig. 9 we see that the wipers 158 are set very close together, but it is noted that they do not touch each other.
• the apparatus is set into rotational motion, the rotor rotating between and in close adjacency on both of its sides to the stator.
• a pair of permanent magnet north poles N of semicircular segment 146 configuration are in close proximity to one half of the coils 148 at each instant, while a pair of permanent magnet south pole S semicircular segments 146 are in close proximity to the other half of the coils 148.
• the coils sandwiched between the N pole magnets are polarized by current flow through the commutator 159 to produce magnetic field alignments that result in rotational forces.
• the ferromagnetic rotor body 140 that is instantaneously positioned between the N pole permanent magnet segments 146 is induced as a south pole S.
• Each of the coils 148 mounted in the rotor body 140 that are also between the N pole permanent magnet segments 146 have a current sense producing a magnetic field that causes attraction to the rotor body 140 to product an electromotive fore in the direction of rotation, see the description in the incorporated Provisional Patent Application on page 20 and associated Fig. 9. Likewise, the same effect with opposite polarities occurs for those coils 148 that are between the S pole magnet segments 146.
• the present apparatus is a rotating electromagnetic machine having a stator which provides at least one permanent monopole magnetic field within its interior space.
• a ferromagnetic toroidal rotor body 140 has an outer circumference 140', and inner circumference 140" as shown in Fig. 7.
• the body 140 also includes two opposing side walls 140'".
• the rotor body 140 is immersed in the permanent magnetic field and thereby has induced into it, a monopole magnetic field of opposite polarity.
• the electrical coils 148 are wound around the rotor body within radially directed slots 130 on both of the side walls 140'" of the rotor body 140.
• the electrical coils 148 produce a electromagnetic field directed along a sense of rotation of the rotor body within the stator thereby producing an electromotive force.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
• Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

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Citations (4)

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• 2005
  • 2005-08-09 US US11/200,920 patent/US20060038456A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-02-21 CN CN2006800307884A patent/CN101248568B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-02-21 JP JP2008525979A patent/JP5328352B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-02-21 WO PCT/US2006/006326 patent/WO2007021310A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-02-21 EA EA200800569A patent/EA013829B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-02-21 KR KR1020087005508A patent/KR20080035680A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2006-02-21 EP EP06735830A patent/EP1922796B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2006-02-21 CA CA002617801A patent/CA2617801A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-02-21 BR BRPI0615473-5A patent/BRPI0615473A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

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