WO2007013157A1 - 抗体感作ラテックス - Google Patents
抗体感作ラテックス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007013157A1 WO2007013157A1 PCT/JP2005/013807 JP2005013807W WO2007013157A1 WO 2007013157 A1 WO2007013157 A1 WO 2007013157A1 JP 2005013807 W JP2005013807 W JP 2005013807W WO 2007013157 A1 WO2007013157 A1 WO 2007013157A1
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- antibody
- bacteria
- latex
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- trospira
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56911—Bacteria
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the antibody-sensitized latex that rapidly and easily measures bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospira present in biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil. Specifically, it is possible to accurately and easily detect bacteria of the genus Nitrospira, which required a long period of time and technical skill. Furthermore, the present inventors will establish a method for measuring -Trospira bacteria using this antibody-sensitized latex and a method for accurately operating and managing biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge. Background art
- Wastewater, garbage, etc. discharged from our living environment contain a lot of nitrogen compounds, which are discharged into the surrounding environment such as groundwater, rivers and lakes, and may cause serious environmental problems.
- a biological nitrification / denitrification method using activated sludge has been developed and used in various sewage treatment plants.
- nitrifying bacteria present in activated sludge play an important role in the nitrification process!
- the nitrification reaction is at the rate-determining stage. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the treatment process and the higher efficiency, the microorganism group involved in the nitrification reaction (nitrification) Analysis of bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria) is considered essential.
- bacteria that contribute to the nitrification reaction are autotrophic bacteria, which have a lower specific growth rate than heterotrophic bacteria that remove organic matter, and are susceptible to environmental conditions such as pH and water temperature. It is very important to keep nitrifying bacteria at a high density in the nitrification reaction tank (reaction tank).
- a biological nitrogen treatment process such as an activated sludge treatment tank of a sewage treatment facility has been conventionally performed.
- a biological nitrogen treatment process such as an activated sludge treatment tank of a sewage treatment facility has been conventionally performed.
- a sample is collected, and after a culture period of about 1 month to 2 months, the consumption of nitrite in the sample is determined.
- a method for measuring them indirectly has been known (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Ryusuke Kimura et al., Soil Microbial Experiment, 207-214 (1992)
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-322896
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-029426
- the present inventors further easily and quickly measure bacteria of the genus Trospira, which are present in biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil.
- biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil.
- the present inventors produced an antibody specific to a bacterium belonging to the genus Nitrospira, and used the antibody-sensitized latex in which the antibody was adsorbed to latex particles.
- the inventors have found that bacteria of the genus can be rapidly measured, and have completed the present invention.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a novel -trospira that makes it possible to quickly and easily detect bacteria of the genus Trospira in biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil. It is to provide an antibody-sensitized latex for measuring bacteria of a genus. Another objective is to use the above-described antibody-sensitized latex for measurement to quickly and easily measure biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge and nitrospira bacteria in water and soil. It is to provide a physical measurement method. Still another object is to provide an operation management method for an aerobic biological treatment tank using the number of nitrifying bacteria including Nitrospira as an index for daily management of an aerobic biological treatment facility.
- the antibody-sensitized latex for measuring Trospira bacteria is an antibody-sensitized latex containing a liquid medium and latex particles suspended in the medium. It has a specific gravity of approximately 1.5 gZml and an average particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 m, and has nitrite activity-adsorbs a specific antibody to the genus Trospira. To do. As a result, it is possible to easily and simply perform detection and measurement of bacteria of the genus Nitrospira, which conventionally required a long period of time and technical skill.
- the antibody-sensitized latex for measuring nitrospira bacteria of the present invention can detect -trospira bacteria by an immunoassay. That is, against bacteria of the genus Nitrospira
- specimens that can be used are immunological measurement methods that allow antibodies to react with antibodies, for example, biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, samples collected from water and soil, as they are, or diluted.
- biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, samples collected from water and soil, as they are, or diluted.
- an immunoassay method for detecting and quantifying a bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira present in a specimen with an antibody specific to these bacteria can be mentioned.
- immunoassay examples include immunoagglutination such as latex agglutination and reverse passive latex (erythrocyte) agglutination, immunochromatography, fluorescent antibody method, enzyme antibody method, and radioimmunoassay. From the viewpoint of simplicity and rapidity, immunoaggregation and immunochromatography are preferred. Of these immunoaggregation methods, the reverse passive latex (erythrocyte) aggregation method, which is an indirect agglutination reaction using erythrocytes or latex particles bound with an antigen or antibody, is particularly preferred.
- immunoagglutination such as latex agglutination and reverse passive latex (erythrocyte) agglutination
- immunochromatography fluorescent antibody method
- enzyme antibody method enzyme antibody method
- radioimmunoassay radioimmunoassay.
- immunoaggregation and immunochromatography are preferred.
- the reverse passive latex (erythrocyte) aggregation method which is an indirect agglutination reaction using
- any of inorganic compound particles such as erythrocytes and gold colloid particles and organic polymer particles such as latex particles may be used. It is preferable to use from the viewpoint of the stability of the reagent after sensitization with an antigen or antibody.
- the bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira referred to in the present invention is a microorganism having an activity of producing nitric acid by nitrite oxidation activity, that is, an acid of nitrite, so-called genus of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
- nitrite oxidation activity that is, an acid of nitrite
- genus of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Currently, DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) has 43 registered 16S-rRNA base sequences of trospira-like bacteria, and 4 strains (species) are proposed based on the results of phylogenetic analysis using these sequences. Has been.
- nitrospira moscoviensis was used as a bacterium belonging to the genus -Trospira for preparing the antibody. Needless to say, antibodies can be prepared.
- An antibody specific for these bacteria can be obtained by using the above-mentioned microbial cells as an antigen, rabbit, mouse, rat,- ⁇ An animal such as a bird, sheep, or horse may be immunized, and the obtained antibody may be used as an antibody for detecting bacteria. Furthermore, antiserum produced by a known method (such as the method described in Patent Document 1) is further purified by an appropriate purification means such as affinity chromatography to which protein G is bound. .
- the method of the present invention is a method for detecting a bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira using the antibody-sensitized latex, the operation of mixing the antibody-sensitized latex and a test sample, and the obtained mixture. It is characterized by comprising an operation of allowing the combined sample to stand for a predetermined time and an operation of confirming the presence or absence of aggregation of latex particles in the mixed sample that has been left still.
- the test sample is a nitros in the treatment liquid in the aerobic biological treatment tank by using a sample from which the treatment liquid force in the aerobic biological treatment tank is also collected. The presence or absence of the genus Pyra can be detected.
- the immunoagglutination method will be described in more detail as an example.
- a specific gravity of 1. Og or more / ml, preferably around 1.5 mg / ml, particularly 1.2 to 1.8 mgZml of high specific gravity latex particles is preferably used.
- the average particle diameter is about 0.1 to 4.0 111, preferably [average 1.0 to about 1.5 / zm, more preferably about 1.25 ⁇ m on average latex particles are preferably used.
- colored latex particles are preferably used. Examples of such latex particles include Noct Latex 0.81 (manufactured by DIFCO, average particle size 0.81 ⁇ m, specific gravity 1.
- the bacterium is cultured in an inorganic salt liquid medium containing nitrite as a growth substrate, sterilized if necessary, and collected. And antigen.
- this antigen is administered by injection from the ear vein of a rabbit, and after confirming an increase in antibody titer, whole blood is collected and subjected to appropriate treatment such as centrifugation, and then inactivated at 56 ° C. Do sputum to make antiserum. Furthermore, it is used after being purified by an appropriate purification means such as affinity chromatography to which protein G is bound.
- the latex particles of the carrier for adsorbing the specific antibody and the method for producing the sensitized latex are not particularly limited. For example, the method reported by the present inventors. (The method described in Patent Document 2) can be prepared.
- Methods for supporting these antibodies on carrier particles to form immunological agglutination reaction particles include a physical adsorption method and a chemical binding method, both of which are preferably used for the immunological agglutination reaction of the present invention. be able to.
- the antigen or antibody can be sufficiently sensitized by a physical adsorption method.
- a buffer solution a suspension of latex particles diluted to an appropriate concentration and an antibody or antigen solution are mixed and allowed to stand for a while and then washed to produce sensitized latex particles.
- a buffer used for dilution a buffer having an ionic strength and a pH that does not inhibit a reaction with an antibody or antigen that is a measurement target substance of the antigen or antibody that is generally carried is selected.
- TBS, PBS, GBS, phosphate buffer and borate buffer can be used.
- phosphate buffer solution borate buffer solution and GBS are preferably used because of the cohesiveness of the sensitized latex particles and the resistance to self-aggregation.
- the pH is selected in the range of 5 to 10, and the pH range of 6 to 9 is particularly preferable.
- the concentration of latex particles at the time of sensitization is suitably from 0.01 to 0.5 (wZv)%, and good results are obtained particularly at about 0.05 to 0.25 (wZv)%.
- the antibody protein concentration of the antibody solution in the case of sensitizing an antibody is suitably 1.0 to: LOOO / zg. Otherwise, the sensitivity decreases if the sensitized latex particles self-aggregate. It becomes difficult to make negative judgments.
- the temperature during the sensitization reaction is in the range of 0 to 60 ° C, but if the reaction is performed at room temperature or slightly higher than room temperature (up to 40 ° C), sensitive latex particles will be produced. can get.
- the reverse passive latex agglutination method is preferred for detecting nitrospyra bacteria and measuring the number of bacteria using these sensitized latexes.
- the reverse passive latex agglutination method is a liquid containing immunological agglutination reaction particles in which a substance (such as an antibody) that specifically binds to a test substance is bound to a high specific gravity labeling substance (such as a latex particle).
- a reagent and a sample containing a test substance are mixed to detect or quantify the target substance. More specifically, suitable Samples diluted in stages and reagent containing antibody-sensitized latex are mixed to confirm the degree of dilution at which aggregated images are observed.
- a mixing test using a standard sample containing a bacterial solution with a known number of bacteria is performed. And the number of bacteria may be calculated from the comparison with the result.
- a method for measuring the number of bacteria of the genus Trospira using the antibody-sensitized latex and an operation for preparing a plurality of test samples diluted to different concentrations from each other
- An operation of mixing the antibody-sensitized latex with each of the test samples, an operation of allowing each of the obtained mixed samples to stand for a predetermined time, and latex particles in each of the left mixed samples It was confirmed by the same operation using a standard sample containing an operation for confirming the presence or absence of agglutination, a measurement image of agglutination confirmed for each mixed sample, and a bacterial solution of a known number of bacteria previously confirmed. And an operation for identifying the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospira by comparing with a measurement image of aggregation.
- an antigen or standard sample diluted stepwise with a buffer solution is added, and an equal amount of reagent is dispensed into each well.
- a naked eye or a magnifier of about 10 times use a naked eye or a magnifier of about 10 times to observe.
- the agglutination image in the case of only the buffer solution was determined to be negative, the agglutination image of each hole was judged, and the result of the agglutination test using the dilution factor of the test hole that showed a positive agglutination image and the standard antigen From the above, calculate the number of bacteria.
- the latex particles according to the present invention and a test sample are mixed on a slide glass, and the success or failure of an aggregated image is determined by an optical microscope (microscope latex). Needless to say, it can be used for various qualitative / quantitative methods using immunological agglutination particles such as immunochromatography and immunochromatography.
- the number of nitrospira bacteria necessary for maintaining the target nitrification rate after measuring the number of -trospira bacteria in the treatment liquid in the aerobic biological treatment tank, the number of nitrospira bacteria necessary for maintaining the target nitrification rate and As described above, it further includes an operation of managing at least one operating condition selected from the solid material residence time in the tank, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the tank, and the inflow load into the tank.
- the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Trospira necessary for maintaining the target nitrification rate is preferably 10 7 cells / mL or more.
- the aerobic biological treatment referred to here is a variety of aerobic microorganisms involved in the presence of dissolved oxygen, and oxidatively decomposes organic substances, ammoniacal nitrogen, odor, iron, etc. It is a processing method to remove.
- the aerobic treatment is roughly divided into a method of oxidizing and decomposing organic substances in a state where biological flocs are floated by aeration, and a method of making microorganisms adhere to the carrier to form a biological film, which is then contacted with wastewater to oxidize. Divided into disassembling methods.
- the former is the activated sludge method, which is widely used in sewage treatment.
- the latter is generally called the biofilm method.
- the activated sludge method includes a standard activated sludge method, an oxygen activated sludge method, a long-time aeration method, an oxidation ditch method, a batch activated sludge method, and the like.
- the biofilm method here is often called a biofixation method recently because microorganisms are immobilized on a carrier (also called a support or contact material). According to the state of the carrier, it can be divided into a case where the carrier is immersed in the treatment tank (fixed bed) and a case where the carrier is moved in the treatment tank (fluidized bed).
- Anaerobic high-concentration wastewater using biofilms mainly for the purpose of removing nitrogen compounds and phosphorus A combination of aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment, such as a method of aerobic treatment after anaerobic treatment, is utilized, but it goes without saying that it can be widely applied to biological treatment methods including such aerobic biological treatment.
- the present invention relates to an antibody-sensitized latex for measurement in which an antibody specific for a bacterium of the genus -Trospira is adsorbed to latex particles, and by using the antibody-sensitized latex, This makes it possible to easily and conveniently detect and measure nitrospira bacteria, which have conventionally required a long period of time and technical skill.
- another invention of the present invention can produce a specific antibody against bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospira, and identify bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospira such as biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil.
- the operation management of the aerobic biological treatment facility is facilitated by controlling the operating conditions of the aerobic biological treatment tank using the number of nitrifying bacteria including the genus Nitrospira as an index.
- Nitrospira moscoviensis was cultured in the medium shown in Table 1. This strain was distributed from Universitat Hamburg, Dr. Eva Spieck (University of Hamburg, Germany) (Eh rich S., D. Behrens, E. Lebedeva, W. Ludwig, and E. Bock. (1995) ) A new obligately che molitoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. Nov. And its phylogenetic relationship. Arch, microbiol. 164: pp 16-23. Cultivation is carried out in three stages (100 mL scale seed culture, 1 L scale intermediate culture, 4 L scale final culture), and in each stage, the culture temperature is 37 ° C and the culture period is 7 to 10 days. .
- Centrifugation was carried out at 24,000 xg for 10 minutes at 0 ° C to recover the bacteria.
- Pivetti with PBS 30mL After the bacteria were dispersed by aging, an equal amount of 0.6% formalin was added and sufficiently stirred. This solution was allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 1 hour, and then fixed at 4.0 ° C until the bacteria were killed. The fixed cells were collected by centrifugation at 24,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes, washed with PBS, and then centrifuged again at 24,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes for use as an antigen. Further, the test antigen was prepared by adjusting with PBS so that the absorbance at 660 nm was 0.5.
- Two KBL: Jw (Japanese white species) Usagi were used.
- the dose of the antigen was 0.5 mL per injection, and it was injected via the ear vein every 7 days.
- Serum was also collected from immunized rabbits and tested for the increase in antibody titer against nitrospira moscowiensis strain DSM10035 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
- step dilute PBS (—) containing 0.05% Triton-X100 1.0% BSA.
- the released serum was added at 90 / zL per well and reacted at 37 ° C for 1.5 hours.
- a peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody (anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) —hidge IgG) was added with 100 LZ wells, and further reacted at 37 ° C. for 1.5 hours with light shielding.
- IgG anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G
- the antibody titer was determined as m 492 nm, which is the dilution factor of serum that shows 0.5 color development intensity.
- Reciprocal is shown. When no increase in antibody titer was observed, whole blood was collected from the heart. Anti-serum was inactivated at 56 ° C, corresponding to bacteria of the genus Nitrospira.
- Antiserum IgG was fractionated with a affine-tea mouth mat bound with protein G (Mab TrapG kit, Amersham-Far Macia). This purified IgG was used as a stake-trospira antibody and used in the following experiments.
- the cross-reactivity between the stake-trospira antibody and each bacterium shown in Table 2 was examined by ELISA.
- the anti-nitrospira antibody prepared this time has high specificity without any cross-reactivity with these bacteria.
- These antisera having high specificity can be obtained by directly using the reaction characteristics of the antibody, such as agglutination, as a direct index, or by using a color reaction that correlates with the reaction characteristics as an index. It was proved that it is useful to detect nitrospyra bacteria in biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge, water, and soil.
- the amount of protein sensitized to latex particles and the particle size of latex particles were optimized.
- the antibody-sensitized latex reagent was prepared according to the method described in Patent Document 2 known in the art.
- the pile-trospira antibody was diluted with GBS so as to be 50 to 500 ⁇ g ZmL.
- One volume of the antibody dilution was mixed with one volume of polystyrene high specific gravity latex solution CFSR, specific gravity 1.5 gZml diluted with GBS to 0.25% wZv, and reacted at 37 ° C for 1.0 hour.
- After completion of the reaction add blocking solution (0.1MGBS containing 1.0% BSA)
- the antibody non-adsorbed portion on the child was probed with BS A.
- a formalin-fixed Torospira moscowiensis (DSM10035 strain) with a known number of bacteria was diluted to the second factor using a stock solution. After 50 L of each diluted solution was dispensed onto a 96-well UV plate (SJ10 3-20 Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd.), equal amounts of high specific gravity latex reagent sensitized with various concentrations of antibody were added. The mixture was sufficiently stirred to such an extent that the mixture did not scatter, and then reacted at room temperature for 4.0 hours to determine the minimum amount of bacteria that could be detected. This test was carried out for each particle size shown in Table 4, and the particle size with the highest detection sensitivity and the antibody protein sensitization concentration were examined.
- the measurement sensitivity of the reagent increases in proportion to the particle size when the diameter is from 0.9 to 1.4 m. Conversely, when the diameter exceeded 1.4 m, a decrease in sensitivity was observed.
- the detection sensitivity can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the particle size of the latex particle to sensitize the antibody and the amount of sensitized antibody protein.
- -Latex reagent for Torospira It was possible to produce.
- the detection sensitivity of the latex reagent can be increased to 7.0 X 10 5 cells / mL at the maximum.
- FISH method fluorescent in-situ hybridization method
- bacteria of the genus -trospira in the activated sludge were detected and quantified by the reverse passive latex agglutination method (RPLA method).
- the test samples included four standard activated sludge methods (Fig. A), six oxidation ditch methods (Fig. B), A
- a DNA probe NtspaO 662 specific for bacteria of the genus nitrospyra was used according to the method of Amann et al. ( Amann R. (1995) In situ identification of micro-organisms by whole cell hybridization with rRNA- targeted nucleic acid probes; see Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 3.3.6: pp 1-15.)
- FISH method-bacteria of the genus Trospira I asked for a number.
- the number of nitrite bacteria was determined by the most probable number method (MPN method) which is a culture method.
- the MPN method showed values lower by 1 to 5 orders or more than the reverse passive latex agglomeration method.
- the measurement efficiency is 2-5 orders smaller than the antigen-antibody method when the number of nitrifying bacteria in the mixed culture sample is measured by the MPN method (Nobuo Araki).
- similar results were obtained, indicating that the reverse passive latex agglutination method is more suitable than the MPN method for measuring nitrifying bacteria.
- the FISH method is generally a detection method that utilizes the fact that the base sequence information of 16S-ribosomal DNA and RNA differs between bacteria, and is very useful as a molecular biological environmental microorganism analysis method. It is considered to be a safe method. However, in this method, since it is essential that a large number of targets (ribosomal RNA) exist in the cell! /, The cell (starved state) is not sufficiently contained in the liposomal RNA molecule. It has been pointed out that it cannot be detected by cells in On the other hand, microorganisms that inhabit biological nitrogen treatment processes such as activated sludge always inhabit some environmental stresses due to the diversity of influent water quality, and so on. In many cases, RNA is not synthesized. Therefore, it was speculated that there was a bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira, which was not sufficiently detected by the FISH method even though it had nitrite activity.
- the objective is to identify a bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira, such as in water and soil, during water purification processes such as activated sludge, and to establish a method for quickly and appropriately managing the number of bacteria.
- the antibody-sensitized lathe of the present invention for measuring bacteria of the genus Trospira It was confirmed that the reverse passive latex agglomeration method using X-ray particles is an excellent method in terms of rapidity and simplicity.
- the relationship between the number of Nitrospira bacteria and the amount of Kjeldahl nitrogen in the sewage treatment facility (10 facilities) was determined. For the number of samples, one sample was collected at each facility for spring, summer, autumn and winter, and a total of 40 samples were analyzed. As a result, as shown in Fig. 3, it became clear that 90% or more of Kjeldahl nitrogen was removed from the reaction tank in which the number of nitrospira bacteria was maintained at 10 7 cellsZmL or more. In addition, about 90% of the tanks in which 10 6 to 10 7 cells / m 1 of bacteria were retained, more than 80% of Kjeldahl nitrogen was removed.
- the nitrification rate is expressed by the following equation.
- Nitrification rate (%) (Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration in influent water Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration in treated water) / (Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration in influent water) X 100
- the operating conditions of the nitrification reaction tank are adjusted so that the number of bacteria of the genus Nitrospira is 10 6 cells ZmL or more, more preferably 10 7 cells Zml or more, the nitrification rate is 80% or more. It was thought that it could be maintained.
- SRTN Solid residence time required to maintain nitrifying bacteria in the reaction tank system (SRT) (d)
- the SRT of the nitrifying bacteria and the SRT of the activated sludge process are the same. In order to maintain nitrifying bacteria and promote nitrification in the process, an SRT setting that satisfies Equation 1 is required. It was necessary. [0073] Since the growth rate of nitrifying bacteria is affected by the water temperature, the solids residence time (SRT) required to hold the nitrifying bacteria in the reaction tank becomes longer in the low water temperature period.
- the nitrifying bacteria in the reaction tank are measured quickly and easily, and the SRT is adjusted so that a sufficient amount of nitrifying bacteria can be maintained based on the measurement data. It is possible to adjust the operation control suitable for each reaction tank.
- the most probable number method and fluorescence in-situ which are existing nitrifying bacteria measurement methods, can be used.
- a noise hybridization method, a quantitative PCR method, and the like can also be used.
- these methods have a long measurement period and require skill, expensive equipment, and reagents, and thus cannot be easily measured in the facility.
- the operation management method of the activated sludge process using the number of bacteria as an index is realized for the first time by the present invention, and can be said to be a more efficient method compared to the existing method.
- the present invention relates to an antibody-sensitized latex for measurement in which an antibody specific to a bacterium of the genus Nitrospira is adsorbed to latex particles.
- the present invention produces a specific antibody against a nitrospira bacterium, identifies a biological nitrogen treatment process such as activated sludge, identifies nitrospira bacterium in water and soil, and counts the number of bacteria. Can be measured quickly and appropriately.
- the present invention also measures the number of nitrifying bacteria in the reaction tank of a sewage treatment facility quickly and easily, and controls the operating conditions such as solid residence time of the activated sludge process using this as an index. By doing so, the operation management of the activated sludge process becomes easy.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle size of latex particles and the lower limit of measurement.
- the bar graph represents the lower limit of measurement (cells / ml) and the code represents the latex particle size ( ⁇ m).
- the horizontal axis is the product number of latex particles.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measured values of a bacterium belonging to the genus Trospira by RPLA method, FISH method and MPN method.
- the horizontal axis shows the facilities A to D where the standard activated sludge method is performed
- the figure B is the facilities E to K where the oxidation ditch method is used
- the figure C is the facility where the AO method is performed K D
- the number of activated sludge samples collected from the reaction tanks of a total of 12 facilities is shown.
- the vertical axis of each figure indicates the number of bacteria of the genus -trospira (cells / ml for the RPLA method and FISH method, MPN / 100 ml for the MPN method).
- graph a shows the RPLA method
- graph b shows the FISH method
- graph c shows the MPN method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of nitrospira bacteria and the nitrification rate.
- the vertical axis indicates the number of bacteria (cells / ml), the horizontal axis indicates the treated water Kjeldahl nitrogen removal rate (nitrification rate) (%), and the dots in the figure indicate nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
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US11/989,183 US20090117596A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2005-07-28 | Antibody-Sensitized Latex |
EP05767225A EP1925939A4 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2005-07-28 | ANTIBODY-SENSITIZED LATEX |
PCT/JP2005/013807 WO2007013157A1 (ja) | 2005-07-28 | 2005-07-28 | 抗体感作ラテックス |
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US20160341721A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2016-11-24 | Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. | Anti-human igm monoclonal antibody and immunoassay using the same |
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WO2012133452A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 三菱化学メディエンス株式会社 | 全血検体の免疫測定方法および測定キット |
CN103460046B (zh) | 2011-03-31 | 2016-08-03 | 积水医疗株式会社 | 测定试剂用胶乳粒子、致敏胶乳粒子及免疫比浊法用测定试剂 |
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- 2005-07-28 EP EP05767225A patent/EP1925939A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN101971032A (zh) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-02-09 | 生物梅里埃公司 | 在液体培养基中通过凝集实时检测微生物的方法 |
CN101971032B (zh) * | 2008-03-14 | 2015-02-25 | 生物梅里埃公司 | 在液体培养基中通过凝集实时检测微生物的方法 |
US20160341721A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2016-11-24 | Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. | Anti-human igm monoclonal antibody and immunoassay using the same |
CN104133063A (zh) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-11-05 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | 一种河豚毒素检测试剂盒 |
CN104133063B (zh) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | 一种河豚毒素检测试剂盒 |
Also Published As
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US20090117596A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP1925939A4 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
EP1925939A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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