WO2007009192A1 - Système de génération d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de génération d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007009192A1
WO2007009192A1 PCT/AU2006/001034 AU2006001034W WO2007009192A1 WO 2007009192 A1 WO2007009192 A1 WO 2007009192A1 AU 2006001034 W AU2006001034 W AU 2006001034W WO 2007009192 A1 WO2007009192 A1 WO 2007009192A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
vessel
inlet
pump
vessels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2006/001034
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen John Hastings
Original Assignee
Stephen John Hastings
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2005903912A external-priority patent/AU2005903912A0/en
Application filed by Stephen John Hastings filed Critical Stephen John Hastings
Priority to AU2006272373A priority Critical patent/AU2006272373A1/en
Priority to NZ565291A priority patent/NZ565291A/en
Publication of WO2007009192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007009192A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/23—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic
    • F05B2250/232—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic conical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydro electric power generating system.
  • the present invention provides a pumped hydro system of a form which avoids the need to construct land-based upper and lower reservoirs.
  • a system for generating electricity comprising at least one water-containing vessel adapted to be immersed into a body of water with the lower end of the vessel spaced above the water bed, an inlet at a lower end of the vessel, valve means for selectively enabling and preventing flow of water into the vessel via the inlet under the effect of hydrostatic pressure, a pump for at least partially emptying the vessel of water, a turbine within the vessel and driven by water flowing into the vessel via the inlet when the valve means is open, and a generator driven by the turbine.
  • a system for generating electricity comprising at least one tube adapted to be immersed into a body of water, with its axis extending substantially vertically, a water inlet at a lower end of the tube, a pumped chamber within the tube above the inlet, valve means for selectively enabling and preventing flow of water into the chamber via the inlet under the effect of hydrostatic pressure, a pump for emptying the chamber of water when the valve means is closed whereby when the valve means is next opened water is able to enter the tube via the inlet under the effect of hydrostatic pressure to pass into the chamber, a turbine within the tube and driven by the water flowing through the inlet and into the pumped chamber, and a generator driven by the turbine.
  • the tube will have a diameter of several metres and a length of at least several tens of metres.
  • the generation system will be formed from an array of several such power generation tubes operated in sequence during the generation phase. All of the tubes of the array may be associated with a common pump which operates to empty their pumped chambers either simultaneously or in sequence.
  • the system will typically be installed in sea water at an offshore location or within an existing lake or dam of sufficient depth.
  • the array of tubes can be mounted to a fixed or floating platform structure similar to that used for offshore oil/gas rigs, with the tubes being suspended from that structure.
  • Existing rigs or de-commissioned rigs could be converted for this purpose.
  • the pumped vessels may be stable, floating vessels, for example of conical, spherical, spheroidal, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical shape, the vessels being tethered relative to the water bed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic section showing a single power generating tube of a pumped hydro system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view showing, schematically, how a group of such tubes may be arrayed to provide a system of significant generating capacity
  • Figure 3 is a schematic section showing a power generating vessel in the form of a floating cone.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic section of a power generating vessel in the form of a floating sphere.
  • the pumped hydro system in accordance with the one embodiment of the invention consists of at least one, and preferably an array of, large diameter power generator tubes 2 immersed to a substantial depth in a body of water such as sea water or a deep fresh water lake or an existing dam.
  • a body of water such as sea water or a deep fresh water lake or an existing dam.
  • the diameter of the or each tube 2 can be of the order of 3 metres and the depth of immersion about 60 metres.
  • the tube At its lower end at the maximum depth of immersion, the tube includes a water inlet 4 controlled by one or more valves 6 and downstream of that, in a lower part of the tube, one or more turbines 8 coupled directly or indirectly to a generator having an output which feeds power to the grid.
  • the upper end of the tube 2 is open and above water level or, alternatively, may be closed but vented to atmosphere; in either case the configuration is such that water will not fill the tube 2 from its upper end.
  • the tube 2 is suspended at its upper end from a structure 10 such as a platform mounted above the surface of the water and anchored in position relative to the water bed by legs or pylons 12.
  • the suspension for the tube 2 from the structure 10 is a substantially rigid suspension, and for stability, the tube may also be tethered to the water bed.
  • the generator and other equipment may be mounted on the structure 10. Alternatively, the generator may be in the same compartment as the turbine or may be formed as an integral unit with the turbine.
  • a pump 14 serves to pump water out of the tube 2.
  • Figure 1 shows the pump 14 positioned at the upper end of the tube 2, that is a schematic depiction only and it can be mounted at any suitable position within the tube 2.
  • the pump 14 can be mounted at a convenient position outside of the tube 2, on the structure 10, for example.
  • a substantial part of the interior of the tube 2 extending from its upper end downwards constitutes a pumped chamber 16 from which the water is withdrawn when the pump 14 is operated with the valve(s) 6 closed.
  • the basic cycle of operation is as follows. With the valve(s) 6 closed, the pumped chamber 16 of the tube is emptied of water by operation of the pump 14 powered by off- peak, low price, electricity and/or by other energy sources such as wind and/or solar or other available energy sources such as wave or tidal. At periods of peak electricity price, the valve(s) 6 is opened whereby the hydrostatic pressure causes water to flow through the inlet 4 and into the pumped chamber 16 to progressively fill the pumped chamber. The incoming water drives the turbine(s) 8 thereby driving the generator which generates peak price electricity which is directed into the grid.
  • Figure 1 shows the inlet 4 purely schematically and in practice it will be profiled with a venturi profile or other suitable profile to provide optimum flow conditions into the chamber for efficient drive of the turbine(s) 8.
  • the valve(s) 6 is closed and the cycle is repeated when low cost energy (or other energy such as wind and/or solar or other available energy sources such as wave or tidal) is next available to operate the pump 14.
  • the pumped chamber 16 should extend over as much of the length of the tube 2 as is practically possible, having regard to considerations of its stability and buoyancy it may be desirable for the lower part of the tube always to be filled with water. Modelling will determine the optimum relationship of the pumped chamber 16 to the overall length of the tube, taking into account the overall design and construction of the tube, and the particular site situation in which the system itself will be installed. If, however, the tube is fixed, weighted and/or restrained to the water bed at its lower end, in many situations it should be possible for the pumped chamber 16 to extend over substantially the entirety of the length of the tube 2 thereby maximising its potential storage capacity.
  • the valve(s) 6 are controlled to vary the flow rate into the tube in accordance with the instantaneous output required into the grid. For example for a tube of approximately 3m in diameter and 60m in length (a relatively small tube size within the likely range of sizes envisaged for this usage), at maximum water inflow, up to 10 mW may be generated over a short period of time, with reduced output being generated over longer periods of time when the valve(s) 6 is controlled to provide reduced input flow.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates by way of example several tubes 2 of the system in a generally circular array carried by a suitable structure such as a platform 10, although arrays other than circular may also be used.
  • the tubes are suspended from the platform 10, as described in relation to Figure 1.
  • the respective tubes within the array may be operated and emptied in a programmed sequence to provide a smooth power output across the array and also to maintain an appropriate balance of buoyancy conditions across the array.
  • a single pump 14 carried by the platform 10 may service the entire array of tubes, although to ensure continuing operation of the system in the event of failure of that pump it may be desirable also to incorporate a reserve or back-up pump.
  • the pump(s) 14 may be operated only by off-peak electricity drawn from the grid.
  • the system can include at least one wind turbine and/or solar panels or other available energy sources such as wave or tidal which produce electricity either to supplement or replace the off-peak electricity input when suitable conditions exist and also possibly to operate the pump(s) to permit further cycling of the system during peak tariff periods.
  • Certain of these energy sources (a wind turbine, for example) can be mounted on the platform 10.
  • Another available energy source for this purpose could be sea floor natural gas which can either be gas which is unwanted for supply to an onshore gas facility or high pressure gas being fed to an onshore gas facility, in which case the pump could be directly driven by that high pressure gas.
  • the system may also be associated with a high capacity energy storage module 22 carried by the platform 10 or other structure and consisting of high thermal capacity graphite blocks electrically heated to high temperature using off-peak electricity, supplemented by solar power and wind power if provided. Steam generated by heat stored within the module 22 can drive a turbine directly coupled to the pump.
  • a suitable energy storage module of this type is available as the "Lloyd Energy System” (www.llo ydener g y. com) . With an energy storage system of this type, energy stored during off-peak can be used to drive the pump for continuous operation during peak periods. However due to considerations of efficiency effecting the energy conversion in a storage system of this type it is likely to be of benefit only in situations where a high pricing differential exists between peak and off-peak electricity tariffs and accordingly it will not be viable in all cases.
  • the array of tubes 2 forming the system is mounted to a structure such as a platform 10 so as to be suspended from the platform.
  • the platform itself could be free floating, floating and tethered to the sea floor, or fixed to the sea floor. Structurally, it could be similar to that of offshore oil/gas rigs, and existing or decommissioned rigs could be converted to suit this usage. They will also provide convenient access such as via a helipad for maintenance purposes.
  • each tube provides an immersed vessel which is at least partially emptied by pumping using lower cost power and generates power as the vessel is refilled at periods of higher tariff under the effect of hydrostatic pressure.
  • the invention is not restricted to the use of vessels in the form of tubes.
  • Figure 3 shows a vessel 30 of conical form with an inlet 4 at its lower end, one or more valves 6 for controlling flow through the inlet, one or more turbines 8 downstream of the inlet being driven by the incoming flow and a pump 14 for emptying the vessel.
  • a vessel of this shape will have substantial stability as a floating structure and although it will still be tethered to the water bed, the tethering principally serves to maintain the vessel in position rather than to maintain the stability of the vessel.
  • the conical vessel 30 is designed to float and in view of its stability it may be possible to completely empty the vessel during the pump out phase of the cycle thereby maximising its capacity.
  • water remaining in the lower part of the vessel will not significantly reduce the overall infill capacity of the vessel.
  • a larger differential in pressure head between the water within the vessel during inflow and the surface level of the surrounding body of water will be maintained for a longer period of time in comparison with an equivalent tubular vessel, and as the vessel fills it will progressively lower within the body of water owing to its decreased buoyancy thereby increasing the head differential somewhat.
  • a typical generating system may comprise one or more arrays of several such vessels, as described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • Vessels of a shape other than conical could be used to achieve a similar effect.
  • a vessel of V-shaped cross-section similar to that of a cone but elongated horizontally to form a shape resembling that of the hull of a ship could alternatively be used.
  • Figure 4 shows a vessel 40 of generally spherical or spherical form to achieve a similar effect and that could likewise be elongated horizontally in the manner of a cylinder, for example.
  • the vessel could be of an ellipsoidal shape.
  • a generating system consisting of an array (or arrays) of several tubes or other vessels as just described avoids the substantial infrastructure costs associated with a pumped hydro system using upper and lower land-based reservoirs. It also has the significant advantage of substantial versatility in location, as depth contours of the likely required depth (in excess of 60 metres) are found within a few kilometres of most coastlines. The technology for underwater high voltage power transmission is itself very well established.
  • a typical generation facility would involve the use of many arrays of generating vessels as described, arranged offshore or in large dams or lakes.
  • the commercial viability of the system is principally determined by the cost differential between the peak electricity tariff and the off-peak tariff. While pricing structures in some countries would permit viable operation, this does not apply everywhere. However it is possible that in some situations, operation of the system principally by wind power and/or solar power or other energy sources might minimise, or even negate the reliance on peak/off-peak pricing differentials and may lead to viability in a greater number of situations. More particularly, operation may be feasible on a relatively continuous basis. For example, a wind turbine may have a direct drive to the pump(s) as may an energy source operated by wave or tidal power; a similar situation could exist when the pump(s) is directly driven by sea floor natural gas. Relatively continuous operation is feasible even when an alternative energy source generates electrical power to drive the pump(s).

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système destiné à générer de l'électricité afin d'alimenter le réseau pendant des périodes de tarif élevé, lequel comprend un réseau de cuves contenant de l'eau, immergées dans une grande masse d'eau sur une profondeur importante, l'extrémité inférieure de la cuve étant espacée au-dessus du lit de l'eau. Un orifice d'entrée à l'extrémité inférieure de la cuve est associé à une vanne grâce à laquelle, lorsque la vanne est fermée, l'eau peut être pompée en dehors de la cuve en utilisant l'électricité en dehors des périodes de pointe. L'eau s'écoulant dans la cuve lorsque la vanne est ouverte entraîne une turbine à l'intérieur de la cuve afin de générer de l'électricité devant être fournie au réseau lors des périodes de tarification de pointe. Dans un mode de réalisation, chaque cuve se trouve sous la forme d'un tube suspendu à partir d'une structure fixe au-dessus du niveau de l'eau et immergé sur une profondeur importante, de manière caractéristique 60 mètres ou plus. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, les cuves se trouvent sous la forme de cuves flottantes amarrées par rapport au lit de l'eau.
PCT/AU2006/001034 2005-07-22 2006-07-21 Système de génération d'énergie WO2007009192A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006272373A AU2006272373A1 (en) 2005-07-22 2006-07-21 Power generation system
NZ565291A NZ565291A (en) 2005-07-22 2006-07-21 Power generation using immersed vessel(s) using off-peak electricity for pumping out water from vessel and to generate electricity via turbine during peak demand to feed to grid

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005903912 2005-07-22
AU2005903912A AU2005903912A0 (en) 2005-07-22 Power generation system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007009192A1 true WO2007009192A1 (fr) 2007-01-25

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Country Status (2)

Country Link
NZ (1) NZ565291A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007009192A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010055278A2 (fr) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-20 John Schetrumpf Complexe de barrage sûr pour extraire, stocker et convertir des énergies renouvelables
EP2345809A1 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-20 Janne Aaltonen Génération d'énergie hydro-électrique
WO2012051678A1 (fr) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-26 Euclydes Algembejer Pettersen Système hydraulique de turbine immergé, à vide par aspiration et réservoirs de lestage, permanent
WO2013000809A1 (fr) * 2011-06-25 2013-01-03 Armin Dadgar Centrale hydraulique d'accumulation par pompage
ES2532652A1 (es) * 2013-09-28 2015-03-30 Manuel LÓPEZ LÓPEZ Sistema de generación de energía undimotriz integrado en un cajón
JP2015086851A (ja) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-07 末夫 井手 差圧水力発電装置
EP2759696A4 (fr) * 2011-08-31 2015-09-16 Seong-Woo Lee Appareil de génération électrique comprenant un corps flottant, appareil propulsif de navire, et aile pliable et enroulable comprise dans l'appareil de génération électrique
EP2948593A4 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2016-12-07 Boussad Chouaki Systemes hydrauliques d'accumulation/restitution d'energies renouvelables
DE102016005693A1 (de) * 2016-05-07 2017-11-09 Alexander Wolf Hubspeicherkraftwerk
WO2022208381A1 (fr) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 Joubert Trust Système de stockage d'énergie hydroélectrique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2032008A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-04-30 Zeyher C H Method of and means for generating hydro-electric power
GB2032009A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-04-30 Grueb R Apparatus for generating power from hydrostatic pressure
SU1153103A1 (ru) * 1982-02-22 1985-04-30 Bukhalov Dmitrij Устройство дл преобразовани энергии волн
WO2002099274A1 (fr) * 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Martin Ziegler Turbomachine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2032009A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-04-30 Grueb R Apparatus for generating power from hydrostatic pressure
GB2032008A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-04-30 Zeyher C H Method of and means for generating hydro-electric power
SU1153103A1 (ru) * 1982-02-22 1985-04-30 Bukhalov Dmitrij Устройство дл преобразовани энергии волн
WO2002099274A1 (fr) * 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Martin Ziegler Turbomachine

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010055278A2 (fr) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-20 John Schetrumpf Complexe de barrage sûr pour extraire, stocker et convertir des énergies renouvelables
WO2010055278A3 (fr) * 2008-11-13 2011-03-31 John Schetrumpf Complexe de barrage sûr pour extraire, stocker et convertir des énergies renouvelables
EP2345809A1 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-20 Janne Aaltonen Génération d'énergie hydro-électrique
US8274168B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2012-09-25 Janne Aaltonen Generating hydroenergy
WO2012051678A1 (fr) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-26 Euclydes Algembejer Pettersen Système hydraulique de turbine immergé, à vide par aspiration et réservoirs de lestage, permanent
WO2013000809A1 (fr) * 2011-06-25 2013-01-03 Armin Dadgar Centrale hydraulique d'accumulation par pompage
EP2759696A4 (fr) * 2011-08-31 2015-09-16 Seong-Woo Lee Appareil de génération électrique comprenant un corps flottant, appareil propulsif de navire, et aile pliable et enroulable comprise dans l'appareil de génération électrique
EP2948593A4 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2016-12-07 Boussad Chouaki Systemes hydrauliques d'accumulation/restitution d'energies renouvelables
ES2532652A1 (es) * 2013-09-28 2015-03-30 Manuel LÓPEZ LÓPEZ Sistema de generación de energía undimotriz integrado en un cajón
JP2015086851A (ja) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-07 末夫 井手 差圧水力発電装置
DE102016005693A1 (de) * 2016-05-07 2017-11-09 Alexander Wolf Hubspeicherkraftwerk
WO2022208381A1 (fr) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 Joubert Trust Système de stockage d'énergie hydroélectrique

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