WO2006131959A1 - Dispositif de separation de signaux - Google Patents

Dispositif de separation de signaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006131959A1
WO2006131959A1 PCT/JP2005/010341 JP2005010341W WO2006131959A1 WO 2006131959 A1 WO2006131959 A1 WO 2006131959A1 JP 2005010341 W JP2005010341 W JP 2005010341W WO 2006131959 A1 WO2006131959 A1 WO 2006131959A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
output
separation device
separation
signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2005/010341
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenbu Teramoto
Kosuke Tsuruta
Original Assignee
Saga University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saga University filed Critical Saga University
Priority to PCT/JP2005/010341 priority Critical patent/WO2006131959A1/fr
Priority to JP2007520126A priority patent/JPWO2006132249A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2006/311334 priority patent/WO2006132249A1/fr
Publication of WO2006131959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006131959A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0272—Voice signal separating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a signal for separating each output signal before superposition from a superposition signal on which each output signal such as an audio signal or a radio signal output from a different position in a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional space is superposed.
  • the present invention relates to a separation device.
  • This human auditory ability is called the cocktail party effect. Even if a large number of sound sources are mixed, even if recording is performed using a normal microphone, only the necessary sound can be efficiently collected due to the effects of the distance to the sound source, the direction of arrival of the sound source, the strength of the sound, etc. It is very difficult to do.
  • Blind signal separation is one method for restoring an original signal from a signal in which a plurality of signals are superimposed.
  • Blind signal separation is a technique for estimating a source signal based on the assumption that the source signal is statistically independent and the observed signal is linearly mixed by the source signal.
  • a sound source signal circuit relating to these separation methods and a microphone device using the same are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-181499.
  • a sound source separation and collection microphone device and method thereof are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-98003. Furthermore, a sound source separation method, apparatus, and recording medium are disclosed in JP-A-10-31349.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-181499
  • Patent Document 2 JP 2003-98003 A
  • Patent Document 3 JP-A-10-313497 Disclosure of the invention
  • Patent Document 1 in the above prior art describes that a plurality of mixed signals X (t) in which a plurality of linearly independent sounds (sound source signals) are linearly added.
  • Patent Document 2 has the same problem because the mixed signal is divided for each sound source signal after being divided for each frame, as in Patent Document 1.
  • Patent Document 3 divides each channel signal of a plurality of microphone forces into a plurality of bands so that the main component is only the power of one sound source signal, and from these, the level, By detecting the arrival time and determining and separating which sound source signal for each band from these, each sound source signal is separated, so that only one sound source signal component can be used.
  • the division process cannot be executed unless the pre-processing for dividing into a plurality of bands is performed, so that the processing steps and the circuit configuration are complicated, and the separation processing time is delayed.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. Output signals output from different positions in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space can be quickly and reliably output with simple processing steps and apparatus configurations. It is an object of the present invention to provide a signal separation device that can be separated.
  • the signal separation device is a signal separation device that separates the superimposed signals on which the output signals output at different positions in a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional space are superimposed.
  • a spatial gradient detecting means for detecting a signal as an instantaneous mixed sum of time gradients for each output signal; and a signal separating means for separating the output signals based on the instantaneous mixed sum of time gradients.
  • the output signals output from the output sources at different positions are superimposed.
  • the detected superimposed signal is detected as an instantaneous mixed sum of time gradients for each output signal, and the output signals are separated based on this instantaneous mixed sum of time gradients! /.
  • This detected signal can be detected not as a scalar quantity (sound pressure) but as a vector quantity (sound pressure gradient), and the separation of each output signal as well as the direction of each output source can be performed with simple processing steps and equipment.
  • the structure has an effect that can be quickly and surely separated.
  • the spatial gradient detection unit is configured as a microphone array that detects each output signal as each audio signal, as necessary, and the microphone mouth array is configured to detect the audio signal. This is detected as a sound pressure gradient.
  • the detection of the time gradient for each output signal is detected by the microphone array as each sound signal as each sound signal, and this microphone array is detected as the sound pressure gradient of the sound signal.
  • each audio signal can be separated quickly and reliably with a simple processing process and device configuration.
  • the signal separation device obtains the sound pressure gradient detected by the microphone array as needed by time differentiation of the particle velocity.
  • each output signal itself is estimated by time differentiation of each output signal.
  • Each process of integration is unnecessary, and there is an effect that high-speed and reliable separation is possible with a simpler process and apparatus configuration.
  • the microphone array measures a sound pressure difference at least in the X-axis direction or the y-axis direction at an observation point with respect to a different position where each audio signal is output. It consists of a bidirectional microphone. According to the present invention, the microphone array is composed of a bi-directional microphone that measures a sound pressure difference at least in the X-axis direction or the y-axis direction at an observation point for a different position where each audio signal is output. In addition to the direction of each sound source, each audio signal can be separated quickly and reliably with a simple processing process and device configuration.
  • the signal separation means separates the superimposed signal into output signals as necessary, and the direction and Z or standard of each output signal in each output source. It outputs the bias.
  • the signal separation means separates the superimposed signal into each output signal, and outputs the direction and Z or standard deviation of each output signal at each output source. In addition, it has the effect of separating each audio signal quickly and reliably with a simple processing process and apparatus configuration.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of a signal separation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an arrangement configuration diagram of the bidirectional microphone shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is an arrangement configuration diagram of the bidirectional microphone shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an operation flowchart of the signal separation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of a signal separation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of the signal separation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of a signal separation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an arrangement configuration diagram of the particle velocity microphone described in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of the signal separation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a confusion process “separation process” for explaining the arithmetic logic of each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a speech waveform diagram used in a numerical experiment 'acoustic experiment in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a power spectrum of two source signals of each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a time gradient characteristic diagram of a source signal in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a spatial gradient diagram of an observation signal in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram of a separated signal in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram of a separated signal in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram of a separated signal in each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a spatial integration microphone used in an acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is an experimental schematic diagram of an acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a spatial gradient characteristic diagram of an observation signal in an acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a characteristic diagram of the spatial gradient of the observation signal in the acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a waveform diagram of a separated signal in an acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a characteristic diagram of the direction of arrival in an acoustic experiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of the signal separation device according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is an arrangement configuration diagram of the bidirectional microphone described in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a signal separation device described in FIG. FIG.
  • the signal separation device collects source signals P (t) and P (t) from sound sources 201 and 202 existing at different positions in a homogeneous three-dimensional space.
  • the bidirectional microphone 1 includes an X-axis bidirectional microphone 11 that measures the sound pressure difference in the X-axis direction, and a sound pressure difference in the y-axis direction from the vicinity of the observation point 100.
  • the y-axis direction bidirectional microphone 12 to be measured is provided.
  • the bidirectional microphone 11 in the X-axis direction has directivity 11a used for spatial differentiation in the X-axis direction at the observation point 100 as shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B).
  • the y-axis direction bidirectional microphone 12 has a directivity 12a used for spatial differentiation in the y-axis direction, like the X-axis direction bidirectional microphone 11.
  • the spatial differentiator 2 has a spatial gradient in the X-axis direction (f-f
  • the directional space differentiator 22 is provided.
  • the separation processing operation of the signal separation device according to the present embodiment based on the above configuration will be described.
  • the source signals P (t) and P (t) from the sound sources 201 and 202 arranged in a homogeneous three-dimensional space are converted into both the X-axis bidirectional microphone 11 and the y-axis direction near the observation point 100.
  • 2-axis spatial differentiator 21 and y-axis direction spatial differentiator 22 calculate the spatial gradients fx and fy due to the spatial differentiation in the X-axis and y-axis directions, and a matrix operation circuit based on these spatial gradients fx and fy 3 multiplies the amount of space (sound pressure gradient) of the spatial gradient signals fx (t) and fy (t) by the inverse of the mixing matrix. Step 2).
  • the matrix operation circuit 3 determines whether or not there is a signal input from the bidirectional microphone 1, the spatial differentiator 2, and the matrix operation circuit 3 which are input devices in the previous stage (step 3). Is determined by blind signal separation (step 4), and the estimated separation signals P (t) and P (t) are calculated (step 5). ).
  • the estimated separation signals P (t) and P (t) are converted into an x-axis time integrator 61 and
  • the calculated separation signals P (t) and P (t) are output to a display device (not shown).
  • the direction “standard deviation calculation circuit 5 determines the arrival directions ⁇ and ⁇ of the source signals Pl (t) and P2 (t) and the sound source. 201, 202 hours
  • ⁇ and standard deviations ⁇ and ⁇ of the sound sources 201 and 202 are output to the display device (steps
  • the signal separation device is based on the spatiotemporal gradient analysis, and in a homogeneous space, the spatial gradient at an arbitrary observation point 100 is linear in the temporal gradient at the sound sources 201 and 202. Take advantage of the fact that it is expressed as a mixture. That is, the features of the present embodiment are summarized as follows. By measuring the spatial gradient at only one observation point 100 and its vicinity, the instantaneous mixed sum of the time gradients of the source signals P (t) and P (t) can be obtained.
  • the spatial gradient of the observed signal that does not need to take into account the difference in the arrival time of the signal between the observation points 100 can be regarded as the instantaneous linear mixed signal. Separation signals P (t) and P (t) can be estimated
  • FIG. 3 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of the signal separation device according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of the signal separation device described in FIG.
  • the signal separation apparatus is similar to the first embodiment in that the bidirectional microphone 1, the spatial differentiator 2, the matrix operation circuit 3, the separation matrix element calculation circuit 4, and the direction ' A standard deviation calculation circuit 5 is provided in common, and the sound pressure gradient signals fx (t) and fy (t) output from the spatial differentiator 2 are time integrated, and the integrated sound pressure gradient signal fx (t),
  • an integrator 7 (corresponding to the integrator 6 in the first embodiment) that outputs fy (t) to the matrix operation circuit 3 is provided.
  • the separation processing operation of the signal separation device according to the present embodiment based on the above configuration is processed in substantially the same manner as in the first embodiment, but the X-axis direction spatial differentiator 21
  • the spatial gradients fx and fy are calculated (step 11) by the y-axis direction spatial differentiator 22, the spatial gradients fx and fy are spatially integrated by the integrator 7. (Step 12).
  • the spatial gradient signals fx (t) and fy (t) of the spatially integrated spatial gradients fx and fy are multiplied by the inverse matrix of the mixing matrix by the matrix operation circuit 3. Thereafter, separation signals P (t) and P (t) are output in steps 13 to 18 as in the first embodiment, and at the observation point 100.
  • FIGS. 6 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of the signal separation device according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is an arrangement configuration diagram of the particle velocity microphone described in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of the signal separation device described in FIG. Show.
  • the signal separation device is similar to the first embodiment in that the matrix calculation circuit 30 (corresponding to the matrix calculation circuit 3 in the first embodiment), the separation matrix element calculation circuit 4 and Direction 'Standard deviation calculation circuit 5 is provided in common, and particle velocity microphone 10 that measures source signals P (t) and P (t) from sound sources 201 and 202 as particle velocity Vx and Vy is provided.
  • the particle velocity signals Vx (t) and Vy (t) measured by the particle velocity microphone 10 are output to the matrix operation circuit 30.
  • step 20 It is determined whether or not the particle velocity signals Vx (t) and Vy (t) based on the particle velocities Vx and Vy from the input device including the particle velocity microphone 10 are output (step 21).
  • step 21 if it is determined that the particle velocity signals Vx (t) and Vy (t) are output, the subsequent particle velocity signals Vx (t) and Vy (t) Is multiplied by the inverse matrix of the mixing matrix by the matrix operation circuit 30. Thereafter, as in the second embodiment, the separation signals P (t) and P (t) are output in steps 22 to 26, and the source signal P (t) at the observation point 100 is output.
  • the arrival directions 0 and ⁇ of P (t) and the standard deviations ⁇ and ⁇ of the sound sources 201 and 202 are set as the display device or the like.
  • the spatial gradient at the observation point 100 is expressed by a linear combination of the time gradients of the source signal according to the wave equation.
  • the sound pressure satisfies the following wave equation in a far field that does not include the sound source 201 and the sound source 202.
  • Equation (1) shows the existence of two wavefronts traveling in opposite directions. Here, we focus on one wavefront and focus on the following advection equation.
  • This equation expresses the linear relationship between the temporal and spatial gradients of sound pressure at observation point 100. It shows. Assuming a homogeneous space, the time gradient of the sound pressure at a certain observation point is represented by the sum of the time gradients of the sound pressure past the propagation delay times in the sound sources 201 and 202.
  • the spatiotemporal gradient method using the linear relationship between the temporal gradient and the spatial gradient is applied to the blind signal separation problem in the wave field satisfying the advection type equation expressed by Equation (2).
  • FIGs. 9 (A) and 9 (B) an outline of the instantaneous linear mixed blind signal separation problem is shown in Figs. 9 (A) and 9 (B).
  • ( ⁇ ) indicates the mixing process
  • ( ⁇ ) indicates the separation process.
  • the separation process consists of a whitening process in which the two observed signals are decorrelated with W and a rotation process in which R (r?) Is separated into independent components.
  • R (r?) Is separated into independent components.
  • R (r?) And W are determined by the blind signal separation algorithm described later.
  • the arrival direction and standard deviation of each sound source can also be estimated.
  • the spatial gradient of the observed signal is whitened by the matrix W, and the separated signal is estimated by rotating the output signals so that they are independent of each other by the matrix R (r?) To do.
  • the whitening can be calculated by the following equation.
  • the speech waveform shown in Fig. 10 is the source signal used in numerical and acoustic experiments.
  • Table 1 shows the source signal
  • each standard is shown. Looking at the power spectrum of these two source signals, it can be seen that each has a component mainly in the same band (200 [Trial mode] around 350 Hz).
  • blind signal separation is applied to the spatial gradient of the observation signal formed by the time gradient of the source signal created based on the Fourier series expansion.
  • estimation of the separation matrix starts 1 second after the moment calculation starts.
  • the following equation is used to obtain the source signal by integrating the estimated separated signal with time. [0065] [Equation 24]
  • Table 2 shows the setting values of the numerical experiment. This is the same setting as the acoustic experiment shown below.
  • Fig. 12 shows the time gradient of the source signal
  • Fig. 13 shows the spatial gradients of the observed signal fx (t) and fy (t)
  • the separation signals P (t) and P (t) and their time integration Estimated tl t2 in Fig. 14, Fig. 15 and Fig. 16
  • FIG. 16B shows the estimated direction of the sound source.
  • 1 2 represents the joint probability density function.
  • the probability density function was calculated from the amplitude values of each signal and quantized to 129 gradations including 0 and 64 gradations and 0, respectively, and the mutual information was calculated.
  • Table 3 showing the amount of mutual information between each signal, the mutual information g [(P (t), P (t) 9) between source signals is 0.048 bits, and this value is reduced by t 2
  • the observation point 100 is centered on the X axis and the y axis and separated by a predetermined distance.
  • ⁇ is the distance between the microphones, and the wavelength of the signal of interest is sufficiently longer than this distance.
  • ⁇ is 18mm.
  • a separated signal is obtained by the following processing.
  • the separation process at this time is shown in Fig. 17 (B).
  • Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of the experiment. Play audio signal P (t) from the right speaker and P (t) from the left speaker at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'objectif de l'invention est de créer un dispositif de séparation de signaux permettant d'utiliser une configuration matérielle et un processus simples pour séparer rapidement et sûrement des signaux provenant de différentes positions d'un plan bidimensionnel ou tridimensionnel. A cet effet, le dispositif selon l'invention détecte un signal superposé, dans lequel des signaux de sortie de sources de sortie (201, 202) se trouvant à différentes positions ont été superposés, sous forme d'une somme de mélange instantanée des gradients temporels relatifs aux signaux de sortie. La séparation des signaux de sortie s'effectuant sur la base de la somme de mélange instantanée des gradients temporels, les signaux peuvent être détectés en tant que grandeurs vectorielles (gradients de pression acoustique) et non en tant que grandeurs scalaires (pression acoustique). On peut donc utiliser une configuration matérielle et un processus simples pour séparer rapidement et sûrement les signaux de sortie ainsi que les directions des sources de sortie.
PCT/JP2005/010341 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 Dispositif de separation de signaux WO2006131959A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2005/010341 WO2006131959A1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 Dispositif de separation de signaux
JP2007520126A JPWO2006132249A1 (ja) 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 信号分離装置
PCT/JP2006/311334 WO2006132249A1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Appareil de séparation de signal

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Cited By (1)

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JP2008304555A (ja) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-18 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 音響入力装置

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US7970564B2 (en) * 2006-05-02 2011-06-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Enhancement techniques for blind source separation (BSS)
US8175871B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-05-08 Qualcomm Incorporated Apparatus and method of noise and echo reduction in multiple microphone audio systems
US8954324B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2015-02-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Multiple microphone voice activity detector
US8223988B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2012-07-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Enhanced blind source separation algorithm for highly correlated mixtures
JP5593547B2 (ja) * 2010-02-26 2014-09-24 日産自動車株式会社 波動源位置演算方法及び波動源位置演算装置

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