Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
  • A61K31/17—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine
  • A61K31/175—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine having the group, >N—C(O)—N=N— or, e.g. carbonohydrazides, carbazones, semicarbazides, semicarbazones; Thioanalogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
  • A61K9/0017—Non-human animal skin, e.g. pour-on, spot-on
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
  • A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides

Definitions

• Arthropod ectoparasites commonly infecting warm-blooded animals include ticks, mites, lice, fleas, blowfly, the ectoparasite Lucilia sp. of sheep, biting insects including keds (Melophagus ovinus) and migrating dipterous larvae such as Hypoderma sp.and Dermataobia in cattle, Gastrophilus in horses and Cuterebra sp. in rodents.
• Metaflumizone is useful for the prevention and control of infestation by ectoparasites in warm-blooded animals. Topical administration of this active is a preferred method for administering this compound.
• Metaflumizone is one of several useful insecticidal agents which have found particular application for the control of fleas and ticks on animals, particularly companion animals such as dogs, cats and horses, and livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. It is particularly advantageous in that it can provide 4-6 weeks of protection from fleas and ticks in companion animals, but it would be potentially useful for many other species if suitable formulations could be developed. Nonetheless, formulation of metaflumizone is made difficult by its insolubility in many solvents, and its instability in the presence of primary alcohols.
• the formulation can function as a concentrate, which with simple modifications, can be extended to use for a wide variety of other animals.
• the concentrated formulation can be utilized as a small volume spot-on formulation, for instance, for protection of companion animals, while further dilutions can be utilized as conventional pour-on products for farm animals, with still further dilutions utilizable for emulsified sprays delivered through an aerosol spray or a pump spray with numerous volumes of dosage and/or application to the feed.
• the present invention provides high-load concentrate compositions for topical administration which comprise on a weight to volume basis: about 5% to about 25% of metaflumizone; about 0% to about 15% of a bridging agent; about 2 to about 15% of a surfactant; and about 50% to about 80% of a carrier solvent.
• the present invention further provides a method for preventing or treating ectoparasitic infection or infestation in a warm-blooded animal which method comprises topically administering to the animal an acaricidally or arthropod ectoparasiticidally effective amount of the composition of this invention.
• the high load concentrate compositions comprise metaflumizone; an optional bridging agent or penetration enhancer, a surfactant, and a carrier solvent.
• the invention also provides a method for preventing or treating acarid or arthropod ectoparasitic infection or infestation in warm-blooded animals by topical application of the aforesaid formulations.
• Preferred high load concentrate compositions of this invention comprise on a weight to volume basis: about 5% to about 25% of metaflumizone; about 0% to about 15% of a bridging agent; about 2 to about 15%, and especially about 2 to about 8%, of a surfactant and about 50% to about 80% of a carrier solvent.
• about 15% to about 25% metaflumizone is included in the composition, e.g. about 20%.
• about 5% to about 15% bridging agent is included, e.g. about 10% is included.
• about 50% to about 60% carrier solvent is included.
• compositions of the present invention have the requisite stability by virtue of physical and/or chemical interactions between the surfactant and the metaflumizone.
• the exact nature of the interactions is unknown, but apparently the surfactant stabilizes the metaflumizone in solution so as to ensure that the resultant formulation retains the desired physical characteristics over time, without loss of potency of the active.
• the formulation is sufficiently viscous to be retained upon or in the animal's skin and/or hair, and be released over the desired period of time.
• these high load concentrate compositions can be further utilized to prepare more dilute compositions for application in various other manners, i.e., for use as a pour-on for large animals, as a spray for large animals or for outdoor use, and as a water-dilutable formulation for addition to the feed and/or water supply of animals under treatment.
• This has the dual advantage of providing a concentrated formulation that can be shipped to the end-user for dilution and use, or to an intermediate formulator to prepare the compositions.
• the high loading of metaflumizone in the formulation thus provides a small volume of formulation to use as a "spot-on" formulation, for instance, for companion animals, especially felines.
• the concentrate can then be diluted by an appropriate organic solvent for use as a pour-on or in a spray, or with water, to provide the feed/water additive.
• Bridging agents or penetration enhancers suitable for use in the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, alkyl methyl sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide, decylmethyl sulfoxide and tetradecylmethyl sulfoxide); pyrrolidones (such as 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone); laurocapram; and miscellaneous solvents such as acetone, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
• Other bridging agents include amphiphiles such as L-amino acids, and fatty acids.
• bridging agents are disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 th Edition (1995) on page 1583.
• the bridging agents is used at a level of about 10% w/v of the formulation where the end use is for a topical application, but this may vary, especially when the end use of the composition is for oral administration.
• the surfactant utilized in the present invention may be a single surfactant, or a mixture of two or more surfactants, again, in part dependent upon whether the end use of the composition is topical or oral.
• the surfactant should be non-irritating, and non-toxic.
• Preferred are non-ionic, low foaming surfactants, such as the alcohol alkoxylate surfactants, with those sold by Uniqema under the tradename Synperonic ® NCA 810, 830 and 850 being especially suitable.
• Other useful surfactants are the nonylphenol ethoxylates, with those sold under the tradename Tergitol ® NP by the Dow Chemical Company being preferred.
• Additional surfactants, including appropriately chosen anionic and cationic surfactants can also be utilized in the formulations of the present invention. Especially useful properties are found in anionic surfactants, such as dioctylsulfosuccinate salts.
• the surfactant is utilized at a level of about 2 to about 15% w/v, especially about 2 to about 8% w/v, of the composition, but this may vary somewhat depending upon the end use of the composition.
• the end use of the concentrate is as a spray formulation, or as a water-dispersible feed /water additive, it may be desirable to add a further surfactant to ensure that the diluted formulation will be a unitary phase. This ensures that the spray will not block the spray nozzle, and that the active will be dispersed equally throughout the diluted product.
• the additional surfactant may be added to the concentrate formulation, or added to the end use formulation with the diluting solvent.
• Particularly useful surfactants for use with an organic solvent diluent are non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyl 35 castor oil sold under the Cremophor ® tradename.
• the carrier solvent for the compositions of the present invention may be a single solvent, or a mixture of solvents. Due to the instability of metaflumizone in the presence of primary alcohols, preferred solvents are non-hydroxyl-group-containing solvents, especially those such as ⁇ -hexalactone (also known as y- caprolactone; ethyl butyrolactone; ⁇ -ethyl-n-butyrolactone; hexanolide-1 , 4; 4-hydroxy hexanoic acid ⁇ -lactone or tonkalide).
• ⁇ -hexalactone also known as y- caprolactone; ethyl butyrolactone; ⁇ -ethyl-n-butyrolactone; hexanolide-1 , 4; 4-hydroxy hexa
• the metaflumizone is dissolved in the carrier solvent or solvents, and the surfactant and bridging agent, if desired added to the mixture. This composition can then be utilized as a high load spot-on, or further diluted for additional uses.
• An especially preferred composition for topical administration to warm- blooded animals comprises, on a weight to volume basis, about 5% to about 25 % metaflumizone; about 10% of a bridging agent, especially dimethyl sulfoxide, about 2-about 8% of a non-ionic, low foam surfactant; and about 50-60% carrier solvent, especially ⁇ -hexalactone.
• the high load concentrate compositions of this invention may further comprise other agents known in the art, such as preservatives (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben), colorants, antioxidants, and the like. Generally, these agents would be present in the compositions in an amount up to about 2% on a weight to volume basis.
• preservatives e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben
• colorants e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben
• antioxidants e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben
• these agents would be present in the compositions in an amount up to about 2% on a weight to volume basis.
• compositions of this invention are highly effective for preventing or treating ectoparasitic infection and infestation for prolonged periods of time in warm-blooded animals such as cows, sheep, horses, camels, deer, swine, goats, dogs, cats, birds, and the like.
• Representative dosages for application to companions are, for instance, 20 mg/kg for dogs, and 40 mg/kg for cats, but lower dosages down to 5 mg/kg show efficacy on large animals such as horses and cattle.
• composition can be applied as a "spot-on" (topical small dose) treatment for cats.
• Example 3 To 25 ml of the high load concentrate prepared in Example 1 is added q.s. 100 ml ⁇ -hexalactone. This provides a pour-on formulation having sufficient metaflumizone and volume to treat 5 head of cattle weighing 200 Kg each at 5 mg/kg dose rate.
• EXAMPLE 3 To 25 ml of the high load concentrate prepared in Example 1 is added q.s. 100 ml ⁇ -hexalactone. This provides a pour-on formulation having sufficient metaflumizone and volume to treat 5 head of cattle weighing 200 Kg each at 5 mg/kg dose rate.
• This formulation was diluted with water to a metaflumizone concentration of 10 mg/kg bodyweight, and applied to sheep at 1500 ml/animal to test the effect of metaflumizone on biting lice

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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