WO2006125643A1 - Appareil de refrigeration et/ou de congelation - Google Patents

Appareil de refrigeration et/ou de congelation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006125643A1
WO2006125643A1 PCT/EP2006/004994 EP2006004994W WO2006125643A1 WO 2006125643 A1 WO2006125643 A1 WO 2006125643A1 EP 2006004994 W EP2006004994 W EP 2006004994W WO 2006125643 A1 WO2006125643 A1 WO 2006125643A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
fan
cooling
air
compartment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/004994
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Weller
Original Assignee
Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH filed Critical Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH
Priority to EP06761937A priority Critical patent/EP1886082A1/fr
Priority to JP2008512770A priority patent/JP2008542673A/ja
Priority to US11/920,875 priority patent/US20080202136A1/en
Publication of WO2006125643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006125643A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/062—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators
    • F25D17/065—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators with compartments at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/068—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans
    • F25D2317/0684—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans the fans allowing rotation in reverse direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/122—Sensors measuring the inside temperature of freezer compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/123—Sensors measuring the inside temperature more than one sensor measuring the inside temperature in a compartment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer with a space for receiving the refrigerated or frozen, with a fan that extracts air from the room or blows into the room or circulating the air in the room, as well as with a the fan related control unit.
  • the fans of such refrigerators and / or freezers serve different purposes depending on the design of the device.
  • Devices are known in which the fans are used to produce or maintain the most uniform possible temperature distribution in the refrigerator or freezer compartment.
  • devices which have several compartments which are operated at different temperatures, and in which the fan serves to maintain these temperature differences. This is achieved by the fact that air cooled by an evaporator by means of the fan through a cooling air duct is first conducted into the cold storage compartment and this cools to a lower temperature than the cooling compartment, in which the air flows in after flowing through the cold storage compartment. From the cooling compartment, the air is guided again by means of the fan into the cooling air duct and from there into the cold storage compartment.
  • a control unit is provided which controls, for example, the duty cycle of the fan.
  • a disadvantage of such refrigerators and / or freezers is that, depending on the operating state, if necessary, a switch-off value is reached before the spatial cooling values are reached. This means that it can happen that the fan is switched off, even though the temperature actual value of a compartment does not correspond to the temperature setpoint or lies within a temperature setpoint range.
  • the control unit controls the fan for the purpose of influencing the temperature distribution such that it is operated in a first operating state in one direction of rotation and in a second operating state in the other direction of rotation.
  • the fan rotation direction is thus reversed according to the invention. This makes it possible to inject cold air directly into the desired area, if there is a need for cooling air.
  • the direction of rotation for example, a fan wheel or the conveying direction of any other conveying member understood.
  • the reversal of the direction of rotation of the fan for a certain duration or in dependence on measured values, in particular of temperature measured values is made. It is conceivable, for example, that in a device with a cooling compartment and a cold storage compartment, the fan is operated in one direction of rotation, in which cooled by an evaporator air is not in the cold storage compartment, but is conveyed into the refrigerated compartment, provided that the actual temperature value is above a limit value.
  • At least one temperature sensor is provided for determining a temperature actual value, wherein the choice of the operating state, d. H. the choice of the direction of rotation of the fan of the actual temperature value, in particular depends on the actual temperature value of the room, which serves to hold the refrigerated or frozen goods.
  • One or more temperature sensors can also be arranged elsewhere in the device. For example, it is conceivable that a temperature sensor is arranged on the evaporator or in the region of the evaporator, a temperature sensor in the cooling part and a temperature sensor in the cold storage compartment or in a region upstream of the cold storage compartment.
  • the space can be subdivided into several compartments, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged in one, several or all compartments.
  • all compartments are operated at the same temperature. It is thus conceivable that all compartments of the device are designed, for example, as cooling compartments or cold storage compartments.
  • all compartments of the device are designed, for example, as cooling compartments or cold storage compartments.
  • the entire refrigerator or freezer compartment has only a single compartment.
  • an embodiment of the invention in which the device has two or more than two temperature zones, in which different temperatures are set during operation of the device is preferred.
  • a temperature zone can be formed by one or more cooling compartments and a further temperature zone by one or more cold storage compartments.
  • the one or more cold storage compartments below the or the cooling compartments.
  • the control unit is designed in a further embodiment of the invention such that the control of the fan in response to a plurality of actual temperature values, in particular of the temperature Actual values of several compartments. It is conceivable, for example, that a temperature sensor is provided both in the cooling compartment and in the cold storage compartment and that the direction of rotation of the fan is selected as a function of both actual temperature values.
  • the control unit may be designed such that the direction of rotation is changed when exceeding and / or falling below a temperature setpoint or when leaving and / or reaching a temperature setpoint range. If the actual temperature values are in a desired range, it can be provided that the control unit switches off the fan.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a refrigerator and / or freezer with a space for receiving the goods to be refrigerated or frozen, with a fan that draws air from the room or blows into the room or circulating the air in the room , wherein the fan is operated for the purpose of influencing the temperature distribution with different directions of rotation.
  • the fan is operated for a certain duration in one or the other direction of rotation or that the choice of the direction of rotation of a measured value, in particular depends on the at least one temperature reading.
  • the direction of rotation depends on the temperature actual value of the room, which serves to hold refrigerated or frozen goods.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous for devices having multiple compartments. It can be provided that the choice of the direction of rotation of the fan of the temperature actual value of one, several or all compartments depends. It is particularly advantageous if the device has at least one cooling compartment and at least one cold storage compartment and if the direction of rotation of the fan depends on the actual temperature value measured in the cooling compartment and / or cold storage compartment.
  • the control unit is programmable, so that it can be flexibly specified, when reaching which states of the device to turn off the fan, to operate in the first operating state or in the second operating state.
  • the control unit controls not only the direction of rotation of the fan, but also its speed as a function of measured values or the required cooling capacity.
  • the control of the fan by the control unit in dependence on measured parameters can be done in different ways. It is conceivable, for example, that the direction of rotation of the fan is adjusted so that the air is conveyed from the evaporator into the cold storage compartment when the cold storage compartment temperature exceeds a limit and that the air is conveyed from the evaporator into the refrigerating compartment when the refrigeration compartment temperature exceeds a limit , Furthermore, it can be provided that in the event that both the cold storage compartment temperature and the refrigeration compartment temperature exceed limits, the direction of rotation of the fan is initially set such that the air is conveyed by the evaporator in the cold storage compartment or in the cooling compartment and that after reaching the setpoint or a setpoint range of the temperature of this compartment, the direction of rotation of the fan is reversed, so that the cold air is conveyed directly into the other of the compartments.
  • FIGURE shows a sectional view of a refrigerator with two temperature zones.
  • the refrigerator has a space 10 limiting inner container, the front side is closed by a door 11.
  • the space 10 is divided into the cooling compartment 12 and the two cold storage compartments 14, 16.
  • the refrigerating compartment 12 is located in the upper area of the appliance and below, Below the horizontal partition plate 70, the upper cold storage compartment 14 and below underneath an intermediate floor, the second cold storage compartment 16th
  • In the cooling part 12 is an average temperature in the range of 2 ° C to 9 0 C before; in the cold storage compartment 14 is a temperature in the range between 0 ° C and 3 0 C and in the cold storage compartment 16 is a temperature in the range between 0 0 C and 3 0 C.
  • the cooling compartment 12 is bounded below by the horizontal partition plate 70.
  • the rear boundary of the refrigerating compartment 12 is formed by the vertical partition plate 60.
  • Both partition plates 60, 70 are designed heat-insulated.
  • the vertical partition plate 60 In its upper end region, the vertical partition plate 60 has a recess in which the fan 20 is arranged. In the area between the vertical partition plate 60 and the rear wall of the device is the cooling air passage 120, in which the evaporator 50 is arranged freely suspended. The evaporator 50 is attached to the rear wall of the device.
  • the device also has as components of the cooling circuit the compressor 90 and the condenser 80 on the outside of the rear wall of the device.
  • cooling compartment 12 floors for receiving the refrigerated goods.
  • a floor is further arranged between the cold storage compartments 14, 16, in which, for example, drawers are located.
  • another drawer is arranged in the refrigerating compartment 12.
  • Reference numerals 30, 32, 34 designate temperature sensors, wherein the temperature sensor 30 is arranged on the evaporator 50, the temperature sensor 32 in the transition region between the cooling air duct 120 and the cold storage compartments 14, 16 and the temperature sensor 34 in the refrigeration compartment 12.
  • the reference numeral 40 denotes the control unit or the control electronics.
  • the device thus has two temperature zones, one of which is formed by the cooling compartment 12 and the other by the cold storage compartments 14, 16.
  • the fan In the operating state symbolized by arrows, the fan is operated such that it conveys air from the cooling compartment 12 into the cooling air channel 120. In this, the cooling air is cooled by the evaporator 50 and then enters the cold storage compartments 14, 16 a.
  • the air from the cold storage compartments 14, 16 enters the refrigerating compartment 12 and is guided from there by means of the fan 20 back into the cooling air passage 120. This results in a cooling air circuit in which the cold air is first fed into the cold storage compartments 14, 16 and then from these into the refrigerating compartment 12.
  • the invention provides that the control unit 40, the fan 20 can also operate in the opposite direction. Accordingly, cold air from the cooling air duct 120 is first led into the cooling compartment 12 and air is removed from the cold storage compartments 14, 16. The air movement is in this case in one of the illustrated opposite direction. Due to the fact that the fan rotation direction can be reversed if necessary, it is possible to blow cold air directly into the desired areas and possibly to extend the running time of the compressor 90.
  • the fan 20 is first operated in the direction shown in the figure for the purpose of cooling the space 10. Accordingly, the air flows through the cooling air passage 120 first in the cold storage compartments 14, 16. After the flow and cooling of these compartments, the air then enters through the located between the horizontal partition plate 70 and the door 11 gap in the refrigerating compartment 12 a. If the temperature air sensor 32 notifies that the cold storage compartment temperature corresponds to a desired value and reports If the temperature sensor 34 determines that the temperature in the cooling part 12 is above a limit value, the control unit 40 can reverse the direction of rotation of the fan for a certain duration or until the desired temperature value has been reached in the cooling compartment 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de réfrigération et/ou de congélation comprenant un espace (10) pour recevoir la marchandise à réfrigérer ou à congeler, un ventilateur (20) qui extrait l'air hors de l'espace (10), introduit de l'air dans cet espace (10) ou fait circuler l'air se trouvant dans cet espace (10), ainsi qu'une unité de commande (40) en liaison avec le ventilateur (20) qu'elle commande pour influencer la répartition de la température de telle sorte que ledit ventilateur (20), dans un premier état de marche, tourne dans un premier sens et, dans un deuxième état de marche, tourne dans un autre sens. La présente invention porte également sur un procédé pour faire fonctionner un appareil de réfrigération et/ou de congélation.
PCT/EP2006/004994 2005-05-25 2006-05-24 Appareil de refrigeration et/ou de congelation WO2006125643A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06761937A EP1886082A1 (fr) 2005-05-25 2006-05-24 Appareil de refrigeration et/ou de congelation
JP2008512770A JP2008542673A (ja) 2005-05-25 2006-05-24 冷蔵機ユニット及び／又は冷凍機ユニット
US11/920,875 US20080202136A1 (en) 2005-05-25 2006-05-24 Refrigerator Unit and/or Freezer Unit

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005024229.4 2005-05-25
DE102005024229 2005-05-25
DE102005037850.1 2005-08-10
DE102005037850A DE102005037850A1 (de) 2005-05-25 2005-08-10 Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006125643A1 true WO2006125643A1 (fr) 2006-11-30

Family

ID=36928189

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2006/004994 WO2006125643A1 (fr) 2005-05-25 2006-05-24 Appareil de refrigeration et/ou de congelation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20080202136A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1886082A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008542673A (fr)
KR (1) KR20080024479A (fr)
CN (1) CN104677016A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005037850A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2407961C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006125643A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2988081A1 (fr) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Réfrigérateur
EP3194868B1 (fr) * 2014-09-02 2020-01-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil réfrigérant

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009109909A2 (fr) * 2008-03-03 2009-09-11 Donald, Heather, June Système frigorifique
US20120188481A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2012-07-26 Shenzhen New Super-Bright Lcd Display Co. Ltd. Lcd apparatus
DE102010002419A1 (de) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Kältegerät
JP5957762B2 (ja) * 2012-03-30 2016-07-27 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 オープンショーケース
US11332311B2 (en) * 2018-08-30 2022-05-17 Alert Innovation Inc. Tote handling for chilled or frozen goods

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EP0862878A1 (fr) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 AKTIEBOLAGET ELECTROLUX (publ.) Distributeur refrigerant
JP2000130913A (ja) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-12 Toshiba Corp 冷蔵庫
WO2000071947A1 (fr) * 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Work Smart Energy Enterprises, Inc. Systeme de commande amelioree pour refrigerateur avec deux temperatures d'evaporation
JP2000346531A (ja) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-15 Toshiba Corp 冷蔵庫

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0862878A1 (fr) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 AKTIEBOLAGET ELECTROLUX (publ.) Distributeur refrigerant
JP2000130913A (ja) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-12 Toshiba Corp 冷蔵庫
WO2000071947A1 (fr) * 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Work Smart Energy Enterprises, Inc. Systeme de commande amelioree pour refrigerateur avec deux temperatures d'evaporation
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 08 6 October 2000 (2000-10-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 15 6 April 2001 (2001-04-06) *
See also references of EP1886082A1 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2988081A1 (fr) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Réfrigérateur
US20160054047A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator
US10254036B2 (en) 2014-08-21 2019-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator
EP3194868B1 (fr) * 2014-09-02 2020-01-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil réfrigérant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2007148754A (ru) 2009-06-27
EP1886082A1 (fr) 2008-02-13
JP2008542673A (ja) 2008-11-27
DE102005037850A1 (de) 2006-11-30
CN104677016A (zh) 2015-06-03
RU2407961C2 (ru) 2010-12-27
US20080202136A1 (en) 2008-08-28
KR20080024479A (ko) 2008-03-18

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