WO2006125526A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von 2,5-substituierten tetrahydropyran-derivaten durch reduktive eliminierung des entsprechenden 4-halogen-derivats - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von 2,5-substituierten tetrahydropyran-derivaten durch reduktive eliminierung des entsprechenden 4-halogen-derivats Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006125526A1 WO2006125526A1 PCT/EP2006/004387 EP2006004387W WO2006125526A1 WO 2006125526 A1 WO2006125526 A1 WO 2006125526A1 EP 2006004387 W EP2006004387 W EP 2006004387W WO 2006125526 A1 WO2006125526 A1 WO 2006125526A1
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- 0 *C1OCC(C=C)=CC1 Chemical compound *C1OCC(C=C)=CC1 0.000 description 2
- GHVLVZOPWVNXQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(COC(C1)c2ccc(-c(cc3F)cc(F)c3F)c(F)c2)C1Cl Chemical compound CC(COC(C1)c2ccc(-c(cc3F)cc(F)c3F)c(F)c2)C1Cl GHVLVZOPWVNXQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSUNBJVRNRPBNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC1)COC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 Chemical compound CCC(CC1)COC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 RSUNBJVRNRPBNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D309/06—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of tetrahydropyran derivatives from halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives and their precursors.
- mesogenic or liquid-crystalline tetrahydropyran derivatives which have (mesogenic) substituents, rings and / or ring systems in the 2- and / or 5-position, since they have some electro-optical and other physical properties which are advantageous for use in liquid-crystalline media Own properties.
- tetrahydropyran derivatives Provide access to various 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives in great structural diversity.
- the tetrahydropyran derivatives are said to have all or part of the desired stereochemistry during preparation.
- 2,5-disubstituted dihydropyran derivatives are obtainable either by a ring-closing cross-metathesis (DE 10 2004 021338 A1) or by an enyne metathesis and optionally a further cross-metathesis (DE 10 2004 022891 A1), in each case in the presence of a suitable Metal carbene complex (metal alkylidene complex) (eg, Grubbs I or Grubbs II catalyst or related catalysts, see, inter alia, WO 96/04289, WO 97/06185, TM Tmka et al., Acc Res.
- a suitable Metal carbene complex metal alkylidene complex
- tetrahydropyran derivatives which in turn can serve as starting compounds for the synthesis of (further) mesogenic or liquid-crystalline 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- the tetrahydropyran derivatives are also intended already in the preparation completely or partially have the desired trans stereochemistry.
- Tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I or a precursor thereof wherein in the formulas I and II a, b, c, d, e and f are independently 0 or 1, where a + b + c + d + e + f is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- R 2 are each independently H, halogen, -CN, -NCS, -NO 2 , -OH, -SF 5 ,
- -OAralkyl an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by -CN or mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, OH or -OAralkyl alkyl radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, 5 wherein in these radicals also one or more CH 2 -
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 and A 6 are each independently, also rotated or mirrored, for
- Z 1 is a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - and, if A 2 is not a cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene ring, also - CF 2 O- may mean;
- Z 2 represents a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl substituted alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
- Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently, one
- Y 1, Y 2, Y 3, Y 4, Y 5 and Y 6 are each independently, H, halo, -CN, Ci- 6 alkanyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, -OCi 6- alkanyl, -OC 2 - 6 alkenyl and -OC 2 - 6 alkynyl, wherein the aliphatic radicals are unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen; and
- W 1 is -CH 2 -, -CF 2 - or -O-; as well as in Formula Il
- X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine; wherein the compound of formula II is not 4-chloro-2-hexyl-5- (7-methoxycarbonylheptyl) tetrahydropyran.
- the process comprises, in particular, the preparation of derivatives of the formula I directly from a derivative of the formula II, ie the reductive elimination of a derivative of the formula II to form a derivative of the formula I.
- it also comprises the preparation of liquid-crystalline compounds and mesogenic ones Components for liquid-crystalline mixtures of the formula I, which emerge in a manner known in principle from the direct elimination products. Therefore, at least, the method according to the invention for the preparation of derivatives of formula I comprising one or two process steps, which is characterized by the reductive elimination of the substituents X 1 to a compound of formula Il where the other substituents of the
- Tetrahydropyran ring by derivatization by means of basically known reactions may have different meaning. Therefore, the groups R 1 , R 2 , A 1 "6 , Z 1" 6 , af in the two formulas I and II may have the same or different meaning.
- the reductive elimination itself can be done in one step or in two steps by a combination of elimination of the substituent X 1 and subsequent reduction of the double bond of the resulting dihydropyran.
- the process according to the invention makes available the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I with the aid of readily available and inexpensive reagents in a simple manner, good yields and high chemo- and stereoselectivity starting from halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II.
- the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I can themselves be used to prepare further mesogenic or liquid-crystalline tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- the derivatives of formula i already represent a desired compound for the application, e.g. B. a liquid crystal component. It is advantageous that the process products are easy to clean up, because no difficult to remove by-products arise.
- the compounds of the formula I which can be prepared by the process according to the invention can have, in addition to the central tetrahydropyran ring, either no further ring or one, two, three or four further rings (or ring systems), i. the sum of the indices a, b, c, d, e and f is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- (a + b + c + d + e + f) is preferably> 1, especially 1, 2 or 3 and more particularly 1 or 2.
- the halogenated tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula II and also the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I in the 5- position have no or one ring, ie a + b is preferably 0 or 1.
- the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula II and also the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I in the 2-position either have no further ring or one, two or three further rings, i. c + d + e + f is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 1 or 2.
- R 1 is preferably H, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and - if a and / or b is 1 - also chlorine, fluorine or bromine.
- R 1 particularly preferably denotes H, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl or alkoxy each having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms and straight-chain alkanyl with 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- R 2 is preferably H, Cl, F, Br, -OH, -CO ⁇ de-alkanyl, -O-aralkyl, -CH (CH 2 O- "protecting group") 2, unsubstituted or with one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms or OH groups substituted alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy each having 1 to 8
- Carbon atoms more preferably H, F, Cl, -OH, -CO 2 -C 6 -alkanyl, -OCH 2 phenyl, -CH (CH 2 OCH 2 AIyI) 2 , -CH (CH 2 OH) 2 , unsubstituted or alkanyl or alkoxy substituted with one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms and each having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and in particular F, Cl, -CO 2 -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -i-propyl, -n-butyl, -t-butyl, -n-hexyl, -OCH 2 phenyl, -CH (CH 2 OCH 2 phenyl) 2) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine atoms and straight-chain alkanyl or alkoxy with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 also include groups which result from multiple substitution of CH 2 groups by said elements, as far as they are conventional, such as.
- R 2 arylsulfonic acid esters -O (SO 2 ) -Ar or -O (SO 2 ) -CH 3 , which serve as protective groups or as leaving groups in the subsequent synthesis. It is also possible for all CH 2 groups of an alkyl group to be substituted by the groups indicated. Direct S-S bonds as well as an -SO chain are generally less common and do not preferentially be part of the radicals R 1 or R 2 .
- R 1 preferably means none
- R 2 preferably does not denote hydrogen, -CN, -NCS, -NO 2 , -OH, -SF 5 , -O-aralkyl or alkoxy.
- the rings A 1 and A 2 independently of one another preferably represent 1,4-cyclohexylene or optionally 1,4-phenylene substituted by 1 to 4 fluorine atoms and more preferably
- the rings A 3 , A 4 , A 5 and A 6 are each independently of the other preferably 1, 4-cyclohexylene or substituted by 0 to 4 fluorine atoms 1, 4-phenylene and particularly preferably for
- Z 1 and Z 2 independently of one another preferably represent a single bond or an alkylene bridge having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. Particularly preferably Z 1 and Z 2 are both each a single bond.
- Z 3, Z 4, Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently preferably represents a single bond, -CH 2 O- or -CF 2 O-, -CF 2 O wherein the bridge is not preferred over their oxygen atom directly to a cyclohexylene - Is linked or cyclohexenylene ring. They are particularly preferably independently of one another a single bond, -CF 2 O- or -CH 2 O-, wherein it is very particularly preferred that in each case only one of Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 is not a single bond.
- bridge members Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 or Z 6 include an oxygen atom, it is preferably not directly bonded to the tetrahydropyran ring in formula I or II. The same applies to the starting materials for the preparation of compounds of formula II.
- X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine and in particular bromine.
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formula II are selected from the formula 11-1 to II-5:
- the reductive elimination of II to I via a radical chain reaction in the course - abstracted - the halogen atom X 1 in the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula II is abstracted and replaced by a hydrogen atom. It is particularly preferred that X 1 in the reacted compound of the formula II is bromine or chlorine, in particular bromine.
- Organosilicon hydride performed.
- Preferred organotin hydrides are trialkyl and alkyldiaryl tin hydrides, particularly preferably trialkyltin hydrides, in particular tri-n-butyltin hydride (Bu 3 SnH).
- Organotin hydrides which are bonded to solid, preferably solid organic carriers are preferred;
- the solid support-bound organotin hydride is usually used in amounts of from 2 to 4 equivalents based on the compound of formula II.
- Preferred organosilicon hydrides are substituted silanes, particularly preferably tris (trialkylsilyl) silanes, in particular tris (trimethylsilyl) silane (TTMSS) (see, for example, M. Ballestri et al., J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 678-683).
- the organosilicon hydride is usually used in an amount of 1 to 3 equivalents, preferably 1, 1 to 1, 5 equivalents, based on the compound of formula II to be reduced.
- a further reducing agent such as a complex metal hydride, for example sodium borohydride, NaBH 4 (see, for example, M.
- This preferred embodiment of the invention using an organotin hydride or an organosilicon hydride is usually carried out in the presence of at least one radical chain initiator ("radical initiator"), such as a suitable azo or peroxy compound, for example, AIBN (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of UV light.
- radical initiator such as a suitable azo or peroxy compound, for example, AIBN (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide
- the radical initiator is used in amounts customary for this type of reaction, preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 mol%.
- the Implementation can also be initiated by the action of UV radiation.
- Suitable solvents for this preferred embodiment of the invention are hydrocarbons such as heptane, benzene, xylenes and ethers such as dimethoxyethane or methoxyethanol.
- the reaction is usually carried out at 20 to 140 0 C.
- the reaction time is usually 2 to 24 h.
- the Invention is X 1 in formula II bromine and the reductive elimination is carried out by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a base, preferably an amine.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst (eg a Pd (O) or Pd (II) or a Ni (O) or Ni (II) complex with alkyl- and / or aryl-substituted phosphine or phosphite ligands) or preferred a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is particularly preferably a heterogeneous palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst, in particular palladium. Particularly preferred is palladium on carbon or palladium on alumina, especially on carbon.
- the base is preferably a nitrogen base or an amine, in particular a tertiary amine.
- the reaction is carried out in 3 to 20 times the amount of THF at a hydrogen pressure between 1 and 50 bar within 1 to 24 hours at a temperature of about 20 to about 120 0 C.
- R 2 comprises an O-aralkyl radical, in particular an optionally substituted O-benzyl radical.
- the two abovementioned preferred embodiments of the present invention are characterized, inter alia, by the fact that the reductive elimination of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula II into the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I results in the configuration of the substituents in the 2- and 5-position of the tetrahydropyran ring he follows.
- the halogenated tetrahydropyran of the forms! in which all three substituents are in the 2-, 4- and 5-position in equatorial orientation, so that the substituent is located in the 2-position trans to the substituent in the 5-position, to obtain the stereochemistry the corresponding tetrahydropyran Derived derivative of the formula I with trans-2,5-disubstitution.
- the reductive elimination of compounds of the formula II into tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I takes place in two steps, where in a first step (A) the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula (II) is converted into a dihydropyran derivative in particular of the formula IIIa and / or IHb is converted:
- a, b, c, d, e, f, R 1 , R 2 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , Z ⁇ Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 Z 6 are as defined above for formula I and II; and in a second step (B), the dihydropyran derivative or mixture of dihydropyran derivatives thus formed is converted into the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I.
- HX 1 dehydrohalogenation
- a strong base for example alkali alkoxides, have proven to be suitable As sodium or potassium tert-butoxide, and strong nonionic nitrogen bases, in particular with a pKa> 20 proved.
- strong nonionic nitrogen bases are those mentioned by JG Verkade, Topics in Current Chemistry 220, 3-44, including 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN); 1, 8-
- the elimination is preferably carried out in suitable inert solvents or solvent mixtures, for example in aromatic hydrocarbons, for. As toluene, or E ⁇ thern, z. B. 1, 4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran.
- suitable inert solvents or solvent mixtures for example in aromatic hydrocarbons, for. As toluene, or E ⁇ thern, z. B. 1, 4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran.
- the use of nonpolar solvents is particularly preferred.
- the reaction is generally carried out at temperatures between room temperature and boiling temperature, preferably at elevated temperatures of about 60 0 C to boiling point, more preferably from about 80 ° C to boiling.
- the reaction time of the first step (A) is generally between about 1 hour and about 48 hours, preferably between about 4 hours and about 16 hours.
- step (A) of this preferred embodiment of the invention a mixture of the two dihydropyran derivatives of the formulas IIIa and IIIb is formed, in most cases in an isomeric ratio of about 2: 1.
- Other isomers - if they are formed at all - usually in minor amounts.
- Step (B) for the formation of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I is carried out under catalytic hydrogenation.
- the hydrogenation can be carried out both under homogeneous and under heterogeneous catalysis.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation for example on a heterogeneous palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst mostly predominantly or exclusively the cis-2,5-configured tetrahydropyran of formula I. From this can be by isomerization, for example with a strong base such as potassium tert Butylate, obtained with acids or with a fluoride-containing compound such as CsF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride, the desired 2,5-trans-configured isomer of the formula I.
- a strong base such as potassium tert Butylate
- a fluoride-containing compound such as CsF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the preparation of the halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II which are subsequently to be converted to the desired tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I and which is characterized in that the compound of the formula II is prepared by reacting a homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV
- Formulas IV and V are as defined above for formula I.
- the specific choice of the acid and its respective halogen atom or halide ion determines the meaning of X 1 in formula II; For example, if the Lewis acid used contains a chlorine atom as in AICI 3 , X 1 will be chlorine, while X 1 will be bromine if the Brönsted acid used is HBr.
- This embodiment of the invention may be carried out in the presence of at least one Lewis acid containing at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, or in the presence of at least one Brönsted acid (protic acid) containing at least one chloride, bromide or iodide anion, or in the presence of a mixture of at least one Lewis acid as defined above and at least one Bronsted acid as defined above.
- the embodiment of the invention may be carried out using one or more different Lewis and / or Bronsted acids, with preference being given to not more than three to use different acids. In the process according to the invention, particular preference is given to using only one Lewis acid or a Brönsted acid or a mixture of a Lewis acid and a Bronsted acid.
- acid means - unless otherwise indicated - both the use of a single acid and of several different acids.
- choice of several acids is not particularly limited, as long as they are chemically compatible with each other and do not cause undesirable side reactions.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV with the aldehyde of the formula V is carried out in the presence of at least one Lewis acid which contains at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
- the Lewis acid contains, in addition to any non-halogen radicals or ligands present, only one type of these halogen atoms, ie either only chlorine atoms or only bromine atoms or only iodine atoms.
- the halogen substituent X 1 of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I corresponds to this halogen atom of the at least one Lewis acid.
- the Lewis acid contains bromine atoms.
- M is B, Al, In, Ga, Sn, Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb, Zr, Au and Bi;
- X 1 represents Cl, Br or I
- R 3 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and n is an integer 2, 3, 4 or 5 and is selected to be equal to the formal oxidation number of M.
- Lewis acids di-isobutylaluminum chloride and B 1M (X 1 ) 3 , Al m (X 1 ) 3, Ga '"(X 1 ) 3 , In 1 V) 3 , Sn lv (X 1 ) 4) Ti lv (X 1 ) 4) Fe m (X 1 ) 3 , Zn "(X 1 ) 2) Zr lv (X 1 ) 4) Nb v (X 1 ) 5 , Au""(X 1 ) 3 and Bi III (X 1 ) 3 with X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine and in particular bromine. Bromine is easier to eliminate than chlorine.
- Lewis acid The exact amount of Lewis acid to be used can vary widely and depends, especially as to which one to use
- Minimum quantity refers - among other things, to the number of halogen atoms X 1 present per molecule of Lewis acid.
- Lewis acids whose atom M has the formal oxidation number 4 (IV) already 25 moi%, based on the reacted Homoaüylalkohol of formula IV 1 sufficient to complete conversion of the
- the Lewis acid will be present in an amount of from about 20 mole% to about 300 mole%, preferably from about 34 mole% to about 250 mole%, and more preferably from about 50 mole% to about 200 mole % used, wherein the amounts in each case refer to the homoallylic alcohol of the formula IV.
- the reaction temperature is generally between about -80 0 C and about +40 0 C, the exact choice of the reaction temperature also depends on the nature of the selected Lewis acid. Thus, the preferred temperature range for boron halides at -70 to -40 ° C for AI, In, Sn and Ti halides at -50 ° C to O 0 C and for Zn and Bi halides at 0 0 C. to + 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is generally between 1 h and 72 h, preferably between 2 h and 36 h and more preferably between 4 h and 24 h.
- the reaction according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the Lewis acid is added as a solid or in solution to the mixture of the homoallylalcohol of the formula IV and the aldehyde of the formula V which is dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent; Alternatively, the Lewis acid may also be initially charged and then, for example, successively mixed with the aldehyde and the homoallyl alcohol or vice versa.
- the at least one Lewis acid is particularly preferably a compound of the formula M (X 1 ) n , where MB, Al, Fe, Zn or Bi and X 1 is, in particular, Br.
- the Lewis acid is AIBr 3 , ZnBr 2 or BiBr 3 .
- the process is carried out in the presence of a Brönsted acid which contains at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine anion. Examples of this Brönsted acid are hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide.
- the Brönsted acid can be used, for example, as a gas which is introduced into a mixture containing the further reactants of the process according to the invention, for example in a suitable solvent; alternatively, the use of a Bronsted acid containing. Solution possible, for example HBr in glacial acetic acid.
- hydrogen bromide is particularly preferable.
- the Bronsted acid is used in stoichiometric or more than stoichiometric amounts (based on the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV), in particular in the case of a hydrogen halide acid, preferably in an amount of about 100 mol% to about 350 mol%, particularly preferably in an amount of about 100 mol% to about 225 mol%, and more preferably in an amount of not more than about 150 mol%.
- the reaction temperature in this embodiment is generally between about 0 0 C and about +70 0 C, preferably between about 10 0 C about 40 0 C and particularly preferably around room temperature (18-25 ° C).
- the reaction time is generally between 1 h and 72 h, preferably between 2 h and 36 h and more preferably between 4 h and 24 h and is also influenced by the solvent chosen: In glacial acetic acid, for example, the reaction usually proceeds faster than in water.
- the reaction according to the invention can be carried out by adding the Brönsted acid as a solution to the mixture of the homoallylalcohol of the formula IV and the aldehyde of the formula V dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent; Alternatively, the Brönsted acid can also be introduced in gaseous form.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV with the aldehyde of the formula V is carried out in the presence of a mixture of at least one Lewis acid and at least one Brönsted acid.
- These Acids are chosen so that they are chemically compatible with each other and do not lead to unwanted side reactions. It is advantageous if the Lewis acid has the same halogen atom as the Brönsted acid, ie, for example, in addition to hydrobromic acid, a Lewis acid bromide of the formula M (Br) n is used.
- Preferred combinations are HBr with BiBr 3 or AuBr 3 .
- reaction control ie, reaction temperatures between about 0 ° C and about 50 ° C and a molar ratio of Bronsted acid to Lewis acid of about 100 to about 0.5 to about 2
- the Lewis acid can readily contain another halogen atom as the Brönsted acid, such as in the combination of FeCl 3 with HBr.
- the compounds of the formula II prepared according to this process variant then have as X 1 the halogen of the Brönsted acid, in the example mentioned with FeCl 3 and HBr therefore X 1 is Br.
- Lewis acid and Bronsted acid can be used in any desired ratio to one another.
- the Lewis acid based on the Brönsted acid, be present in an amount of from about 0.1 mol% to about 20 mol%, more preferably in an amount of from about 0.3 mol% to about 10 mol % and especially in one
- Amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol% is used.
- the Brönsted acid is preferably used in at least stoichiometric (about 100 mol%) to above-stoichiometric (about 350 mol%) amounts with respect to the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV.
- the reaction temperature is in this variant of the invention generally between about -10 0 C and about +70 0 C. It is preferred to initially present the aldehyde of formula V and the homoallylic alcohol of the formula IV in a suitable solvent and at about -10 0 C to about + 35 ° C with the Lewis acid to put; is then - preferably with external cooling - the Bronsted acid as a gas introduced at about O 0 C to about +50 0 C until saturation of the reaction medium.
- the reaction time is generally between a few minutes and 24 hours, preferably between 10 minutes and 6 hours and more preferably between 15 minutes and 3 hours.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV with the aldehyde of the formula V can in principle be carried out solvent-free and preferably in a solvent or solvent mixture in each variant.
- Suitable solvents are those which themselves do not act or act only to a slight extent as acid and are inert to the acid used. The exact choice of the medium depends above all on the solubility behavior of the reactants and on the acid.
- Suitable solvents which can be used alone or in mixtures of 2 or 3 solvents as the reaction medium are, for example, water; Hydrocarbons such as hexanes, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene,
- xylenes chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chloroform and especially dichloromethane; Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol; Ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,4-dioxane; Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether (methyl glycol, ethyl glycol or polyethylene glycol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), carbon disulfide; Nitro compounds such as nitromethane or nitrobenzene, wherein when using a Lewis acid (either alone or together with a Brönsted acid) as the acid used in the invention water and alcohols as a solvent or
- Solvent component should not be used. Preference is given to aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, more preferably chlorinated hydrocarbons, in particular dichloromethane.
- the preparation according to the invention of the halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II is distinguished by further advantages:
- the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II are obtainable in good to very good yields.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV with the aldehyde of the formula V is also carried out with high chemoselectivity, i. unwanted by-products are not or at most formed in small amounts, which do not interfere with the further use of the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II.
- the acid reagents used in the process according to the invention are readily available and usually commercially and inexpensively accessible, their handling requires no special or unusual precautions. It proves to be of particular advantage that the process opens up a convergent synthesis strategy for the preparation of further tetrahydropyran derivatives, in particular of the formula I, with high structural diversity: starting from a specific one
- Homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV can be prepared by varying the rest of the aldehyde of the formula V, a wide range of different substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II and then corresponding tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I.
- the same applies to the complementary procedure, ie starting from a specific aldehyde of the formula V, tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II and I can be prepared with great structural diversity while varying the remainder of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV.
- a, b, c, d, e, f, R 1 , R 2 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 6 and X 1 have the same preferred meanings for the compounds of the formulas II, III, IV and V as for the compounds of the formula I.
- Tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I are generally known as such in the prior art, have mesogenic or liquid-crystalline properties and are used as components of liquid-crystalline media, for example in electro-optical display elements and / or as starting compounds for the preparation of further mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds with tetrahydropyran structural element.
- reagents and solvents used in the process steps according to the invention are known from the literature and are usually available commercially. Alternatively, they can be prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in standard works of synthetic organic chemistry, such as Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart), specifically under reaction conditions, for the mentioned
- aldehydes of the formula V are commercially available or for example from other aldehydes known in the art
- aldehydes of the formula V in which the formyl group is bonded to a cyclohexyl ring can be prepared according to the process disclosed in DE 19612814 A1 .
- aldehydes of the formula V are accessible in which the Formyirest is connected via a Ei ⁇ fac ⁇ bindu ⁇ y with the 5-position of a Tetrahydropyranylrestes, which is also substituted in the 2-position.
- DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminum hydride
- the further reaction of B which can also take place without prior isolation of the intermediately formed B, with formaldehyde (or a synthesis equivalent) yields the desired homoallyl alcohol of the formula IV after appropriate workup.
- homoallylic alcohols of the formula IV in which R 1 - [A 1 -Z 1 ] a - [A 2 -Z 2 ] b - is an alkyl radical are also by appropriate alkylation with an alkyl halide the dianion of crotonic acid and subsequent reduction with LiAIH 4 accessible.
- This dianion is obtained from crotonic acid, for example by reaction with 2 equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (compare PE Pfeffer, LS Silbert, J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 3290, RH van der Veen, H. Cerfountain, J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 342).
- LDA lithium diisopropylamide
- alkyl unless otherwise defined elsewhere in this specification or in the claims, means in its most general meaning a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 15 (ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) carbon atoms; this radical is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, carboxy, nitro, -NH 2 , -N (alkanyl) 2 and / or cyano, the multiple substitution being carried out with the same or different substituents can.
- the alkyl radical in the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain itself may be functionalized.
- Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched, unsubstituted or substituted alkanyl, alkenyl or alkoxy radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms.
- alkyl is an alkanyl radical, this is preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl ; CF 3, CHF 2, CH 2 F, CF 2 CF 3.
- the alkanyl radical is particularly preferably straight-chain and unsubstituted or substituted by F.
- alkyl also includes "alkoxy" or "oxaalkyl” radicals.
- alkoxy is meant an O-alkyl radical in which the oxygen atom is bonded directly to the group or substituted ring substituted by the alkoxy radical and alkyl is as defined above; preferably, alkyl is then alkanyl or alkenyl.
- Preferred alkoxy radicals are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy and octoxy, where any of these radicals can also be substituted, preferably with one or more fluorine atoms.
- oxaalkyl means
- oxaalkyl includes straight chain radicals of the formula C a H 2a + iO- (CH 2 ) b - wherein a and b are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; more preferably a is an integer from 1 to 6 and b is 1 or 2.
- thioalkyl includes a straight-chain radical of the formula
- An alkenyl radical may be 2 to 15 (ie 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
- one or more CH 2 groups may each be independently replaced by -O- ("alkenyloxy"), -S-, -C ⁇ C-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OC-O- so in that heteroatoms (O, S) are not directly linked to one another.
- the E alkenyloxy
- the alkenyl radical contains 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and is vinyl, allyl, 1E-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 1E-heptenyl , 2-propenyl, 2E-butenyl, 2E-pentenyl, 2E-hexenyl, 2E-heptenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 3E-heptenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl, 4Z -Heptenyl, 5-hexenyl and 6-heptenyl.
- Particularly preferred alkenyl radicals are vinyl, allyl, 1E-propenyl, 2-propenyl and 3E-butenyl.
- an alkynyl radical is present.
- the replacement of one or more CH 2 groups by -CO-O- or -O-CO- is possible.
- the following of these radicals are preferred: acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, acetyloxy methyl, propionyloxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, pentanoyloxymethyl, 2-acetyloxyethyl, 2-propionyloxyethyl, 2-butyryloxyethyl, 2-acetyloxypropyl, 3
- Propionyloxypropyl 4-acetyloxybutyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, Propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, propoxycarbonylmethyl, butoxycarbonylmethyl, 2- (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 2- (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 2- (propoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 3- (methoxycarbonyl) propyl, 3- (ethoxycarbonyl ) - propyl or 4- (methoxycarbonyl) butyl.
- this radical may be straight-chain or branched , It is preferably straight-chain and has 4 to 12 C atoms.
- alkyl radical, alkanyl radical, alkenyl radical or alkoxy radical is substituted by at least one halogen
- this radical is preferably straight-chain.
- Halogen is preferably F or Cl.
- halogen is preferably F.
- the resulting radicals also include perfluorinated radicals.
- the fluoro or chloro substituent may be in any position, but preferably in the ⁇ position.
- alkylene or “alkylene bridge” - unless the terms are defined elsewhere in this description or in the claims - for a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8 carbon atoms in the chain, which may optionally be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, CN, carboxy, nitro, alkanyl, alkoxy, - NH 2 or substituted with -N (alkanyl) 2 , wherein the multiple substitution with the same or different Substituents can be made.
- alkylene or "alkylene bridge” is a straight-chain, unsubstituted or fluorinated mono- or di-substituted, saturated aliphatic radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 carbon atoms, in particular -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, -CF 2 CF 2 - and - (CF 2 ) 4 -.
- Alkyl for an aryl-alkyl radical, ie a radical in which an aryl substituent is linked via an alkyl bridge with an atom, a chain, another radical or a functional group.
- the alkyl bridge is preferably a saturated bivalent hydrocarbon radical ("alkylene"), in particular methylene (-CH 2 -) and ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -).
- alkylene methylene
- ethylene -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -
- Preferred examples of an aralkyl group are benzyl and phenethyl.
- An "aralkyl-O-radical” for the purposes of the present invention is an aralkyl radical which is linked via an oxygen atom bound to the alkyl bridge with another atom, a chain, another radical or a functional group.
- an aralkyl O radical are O-benzyl and O-CH 2 CH 2 phenyl.
- the methylene groups of this aralkyl radical may in turn be replaced by heterobrugs such as -O-, -SO 2 -, - (CO) -, etc., so that poor leaving and protecting groups are obtained.
- aryl refers to an aromatic or partially aromatic ring system, in the narrower sense a benzene ring linked to simple groups, e.g. 1-5C alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, etc., may be monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted to modify or rigidly shield its electronic properties (e.g., tert-butyl).
- the group aryl is preferably a phenyl radical or a p-tolyl radical.
- Halogen in the context of the present invention for fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- radicals or substituents of the compounds used according to the invention or the compounds used according to the invention may themselves be present as optically active or stereoisomeric radicals, substituents or compounds, for example because they have an asymmetric center, these are of the present invention. It is understood that these compounds in isomerically pure form, for example as pure enantiomers, diastereomers, E or Z isomers, trans or cis isomers, or as a mixture of several isomers in any ratio, for example as a racemate, E - / Z
- Isomer mixture or as a cis / trans isomer mixture, may be present.
- protecting groups can be used, which cleaved again after the reaction can be.
- Methods for using suitable protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in T.W. Green, P.G.M. Wuts: Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons (1999).
- radicals -C n are H 2n + I with n> 2 n-alkyl radicals.
- K crystalline phase
- N nematic phase
- Sm smectic phase
- ⁇ n means the optical anisotropy (589 nm, 20 0 C) and ⁇ the dielectric anisotropy (1 kHz, 20 0 C).
- the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is determined at 20 0 C and 1 kHz.
- the optical anisotropy is determined nm at 2O 0 C and a wavelength of 589.3.
- ⁇ and ⁇ n values and the clearing point (Clp.) Of the individual compounds are obtained by linear extrapolation from liquid-crystalline mixtures containing from 5 to 10% of the respective compound according to the invention and from 90 to 95% of the commercially available liquid-crystal mixture ZLI. 4792 exist (mixtures Fa. Merck KGaA, Darmstadt).
- Example 1 AAV 1 - Reductive Elimination in the Presence of a Heterogeneous Catalyst and a Trialkylamine
- the brominated substrate of the formula I! is dissolved in a sufficient amount of tetrahydrofuran (between about four to twelve times the volume or mass of the compound of formula II), at 10 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 20 wt .-% (corresponding to about 0.5 to 5% palladium on carbon (55% water), 2.5 molar equivalents of triethylamine and twice the amount of water (based on the substrate) and in a pressure autoclave at a pressure of 4 to 6 hydrogenated with hydrogen up to theoretical hydrogen uptake. After cooling, the reaction mixture is filtered, the filtrate is poured onto ice and concentrated with conc. Hydrochloric acid to pH 1 a.
- TTMSS Tris (trimethylsilyl) silane
- ester 4-15 81.3 g (0.25 mol) of ester 4-15 are heated to reflux with 37.3 g (0.3 mol) of DBN in 400 ml of toluene with stirring for 2.5 h. After cooling, dilute sulfuric acid is added and then the organic phase is dried, evaporated and filtered through silica gel with toluene / heptane (3: 7). The main fraction contains 39.6 g (65%) of dihydropyran 4-16a.
- Example 5 - AAV 2 Hydrogenation of dihydropyrans of the formula III from Examples 4.1-4.10
- 0.1 mol of the aldehyde of formula V and 0.1 mol of Homoallylalkohols of formula IV are placed in 100 ml of dichloromethane. To this mixture is added 0.05 mol to 0.06 mol of a Lewis acid in solid form. After complete reaction (TLC check), the reaction mixture is either filtered through silica gel or worked up in an aqueous state. In this case, 100 ml of water are added dropwise to the mixture and then concentrated with 30 ml. Hydrochloric acid added. It is stirred until complete phase separation. The organic phase is mixed with water, hydrochloric acid and heptane and separated after settling of the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the organic phases are combined and evaporated. The residue is further purified by chromatography on silica gel, crystallization or distillation.
- 0.05 mol to 0.055 mol of a Lewis acid are introduced into 100 ml of dichloromethane and suspended with stirring. Then the aldehyde of formula V (0.1 mol) is added in portions. Subsequently, the homoallylic alcohol of the formula IV (0.1 to 0.11 mol) is added. After complete reaction (TLC check), the reaction mixture is either filtered through silica gel or - as described under AAV 3 above - worked up aqueous.
- 0.1 mol of the aldehyde of formula V, 0.1 mol of Homoallylalkohols of formula IV and 0.5 to 5 mol% of the Lewis acid are introduced into 100 ml of dichloromethane at a temperature of 0 0 C to room temperature. Then under external cooling gaseous hydrohalic acid is introduced to saturation. The reaction mixture is then added with stirring to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase is separated, dried and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel, crystallization or distillation. Detailed information on the reaction conditions and yields of the obtained according to AAV 5 tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula II are shown in Table 4.
- the abbreviations s stand for singlet, d for doublet, t for triplet, q for quartet and m for multip fat. This information also applies to the NMR spectra listed in the other tables.
- CDCI 3 was used unless otherwise specified.
- Examples 14-23 of Table 6 are presented in an analogous manner to compounds 1-13 of this table. Since they have three or four rings in the molecular structure, they are crystallizable and are therefore purified by crystallization to> 99.5%. It paid more attention to the purity than the yield of the crystals. The melting and phase properties of these compounds thus enable unambiguous characterization without elaborate NMR spectra documentation. The NMR spectra of all these compounds are present and consistent with the structures indicated.
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Abstract
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JP2008512720A JP5260279B2 (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | 対応する4−ハロゲン誘導体の還元的脱離による2,5−2置換テトラヒドロピラン誘導体類の調製方法 |
KR1020077030162A KR101393783B1 (ko) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | 2,5-이치환된 테트라하이드로피란 유도체의, 대응하는 4-할로겐 유도체의 환원 제거에 의한 제조방법 |
CN2006800179689A CN101180287B (zh) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | 通过还原消除相应的4-卤素衍生物而制备2,5-取代的四氢吡喃衍生物的方法 |
DE112006000984T DE112006000984A5 (de) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2,5-substituierten Tetrahydropyran-Derivaten durch reduktive Eliminierung des entsprechenden 4-Halogen-Derivats |
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US7790247B2 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2010-09-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline medium |
US8211332B2 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2012-07-03 | Jnc Corporation | Liquid Crystal composition and liquid crystal display device |
DE102011122559A1 (de) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline Verbindungen und flüssigkristalline Medien |
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JP2012111717A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-14 | Ne Chemcat Corp | ジクロロメチル基を含有する化合物の製造方法 |
JP6627515B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2020-01-08 | Jnc株式会社 | 3,6−ジヒドロ−2h−ピランを有する誘電率異方性が負の液晶性化合物、液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
JP6511975B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-09 | 2019-05-15 | Jnc株式会社 | ジヒドロピラン化合物を含有する液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
CN115210205A (zh) * | 2020-02-06 | 2022-10-18 | 阿甘香气及精细化学有限公司 | 3-己烯-1-醇异构体的混合物及其制备方法 |
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DE10318420A1 (de) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-11 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline Verbindungen |
EP1482021B1 (de) * | 2003-05-27 | 2007-01-24 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Pyrane als Flüssigkristalle |
ATE340836T1 (de) * | 2003-05-27 | 2006-10-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Pyranderivate |
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Cited By (4)
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US7790247B2 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2010-09-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline medium |
US8211332B2 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2012-07-03 | Jnc Corporation | Liquid Crystal composition and liquid crystal display device |
DE102011122559A1 (de) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline Verbindungen und flüssigkristalline Medien |
WO2012100809A1 (de) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline verbindungen und flüssigkristalline medien |
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