WO2006123970A2

WO2006123970A2 - Method for recycling rubber- or rubber and polymer mixture-containing wastes and a plant for carrying out said method (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2006123970A2
Application number: PCT/RU2006/000250
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aleksey Viktorovich Matveev; Tatiana Alekseevna Dobrolyubova
Original assignee: Aleksey Viktorovich Matveev; Dobrolyubova Tatiana Alekseevn
Priority date: 2005-05-19
Filing date: 2006-05-19
Publication date: 2006-11-23
Also published as: WO2006123970A3; RU2291168C1; RU2005115198A

Abstract

The inventive method for recycling rubber- or rubber and polymer mixture-containing wastes makes it possible to utilise solid and/or crushed wastes and to continuously recycling said waste into products for further use with a low-energy consumption and a high production ecological cleanness due to a process closeness and the absence of non-utilised processed products. The inventive method comprises a first stage consisting in pre-preparing wastes, a thermal decomposition stage in a furnace consisting in dividing decomposition products into a vapor-gas mixture and a solid residue and a liquid phase separation stage consisting in separating the liquid phase from said vapor-gas mixture in such a way that a carbon-containing product is obtained from the solid residue, wherein, at the pre-preparation stage, the solid or crashed products are blown by a hydrocarbon-containing gas and subsequently impregnated by a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature equal to or less than 220 °C, the temperature decomposition stage in the furnace is carried out in the hydrocarbon-containing gas atmosphere heated to a temperature of 400-500 °C, and the separation of the liquid phase from the vapor-gas mixture is carried out in three steps in such a way that a heavy hydrocarbon fraction, an intermediate fraction whose part is recirculated to the waste pre-preparation stage for being used in the form of the hydrocarbon solvent, and a light hydrocarbon fraction are separated, in air blowing and cooling the solid residue prior to the hydrocarbon containing product stage and in returning the hydrocarbon-containing gas formed after separating the liquid phase from the vapor-gas mixture to the process. Two variants of the plant using tunnel and rotory-sectorial furnaces for thermally decomposing wastes are also disclosed.

Description

A method of processing rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer waste and installation for its implementation (Options)

The group of inventions relates to the field of thermal processing of solid organic waste, in particular, to methods and devices for processing rubber-containing (based on natural, butadiene, styrene-butadiene, isoprene and other rubbers) and polymeric (such as polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, nylon, lavsan and t .p.) of waste and can be used for the disposal of worn-out car tires to produce solid carbon and other products that can be used as hydrocarbon-containing raw materials for spills industrial production.

The constantly growing amount of waste rubber and polymer products, in particular worn-out tires and tires, creates the problem of their disposal and recycling. The burning or disposal of these wastes requires significant energy costs, leads to environmental pollution, as well as the loss of organic and metallic recyclables. Deep complex processing of these waste products allows you to get products that can be used as raw materials for various industries. Numerous methods and plants are known for the integrated processing of solid organic waste (rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer waste) to produce hydrocarbon-containing products from them: gasoline, diesel fuel, carbon black and others.

A known method for the thermal processing of used tires by loading whole products into a high-temperature reactor, supplying it with gaseous hydrocarbon and heating it to obtain liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products and a solid residue, the temperature in the lower part of the reactor is 250 - 425 ⁰ C, and in the upper - 130 - 290 ⁰ C. Get purified metal cord and hydrocarbon products of the following composition,%: liquid products - 58-62; gaseous products -7-10; solid residue - 31-32 (RU, patent M-2128196, C08J 11/06, 1999).

The disadvantages of this method are the periodicity, the limitations of its use, since only whole products are used for processing, and also that the reaction mixture is heated inside the reactor by heating its walls, which leads to significant energy costs. A known method of producing gasoline, diesel fuel and soot from waste rubber and / or waste plastic materials, according to which the waste is subjected to preliminary processing by known methods to remove impurities, crushed, then subjected to pyrolysis in a reactor with a screw stirrer at temperatures of 350-500 ⁰ C with separation to the solid residue and the gas phase, the solid residue is discharged from the reactor, and the gas phase is discharged into the tank, where it is subjected to desulfurization and / or denitration, and / or dechlorination and catalytic cracking (US, Patent No. 5744668, C07C 1/00, 1998).

The disadvantages of this method are the need to use special catalysts, as well as the high energy intensity of the process due to the heating of the reaction mixture inside the reactor by heating its walls using a heating furnace.

A known method of processing rubber waste and installation for its implementation. According to the method, prior to thermal degradation, the rubber-containing waste is pretreated with a suspension of degraded rubber in high-boiling hydrocarbons, which are used as fuel oil, the thermal degradation process is carried out at temperatures of 250-380 ⁰ C and a pressure of 3 10 ^{"" 4} - 4 10 ^"1 MPa, and the dissolution time is 60-180 minutes. The vapor-gas phase formed during thermal decomposition is removed from the reactor and condensed with simultaneous fractionation and separation of the high-boiling hydrocarbon fraction, which is returned to the ess, the other part of the gas phase is sent for further fractionation. High-boiling hydrocarbons are fed continuously into the reaction mixture formed during the processing of rubber-containing waste. The suspension of degraded rubber in high-boiling hydrocarbons produced by thermal degradation is partially sent for recycling. In the installation for processing rubber-containing waste, the thermal decomposition unit is formed at least two reactors (RU, patent M; 2021127, B29B 17/00; C08J 11/10, 1994).

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is that for the method to be carried out continuously, two or more reactors are required and, accordingly, an increased consumption of a high boiling hydrocarbon solvent, a marketable product, fuel oil is required, which leads to high material and energy costs and significantly increases the cost of the processing process. In addition, the process is difficult to operate because it requires sequential depressurization of reactors. A known installation for processing old rubber automobile tires and other polymeric wastes. Whole or shredded wastes are sent to a pyrolysis reactor, in which in the absence of oxygen in an inert gas medium at temperatures up to 900 ⁰ C, they are destroyed with the subsequent release of a vapor-gas hydrocarbon mixture and a solid carbon-containing residue. The solid residue is separated into carbon black and metal cord, and the gas-vapor mixture is cooled with separation into liquid hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-containing gas. During processing, about 40% by weight of liquid hydrocarbons are formed, carbon black - 45% by weight, gas -10%. Part of the gas and liquid hydrocarbons formed is directed to the combustion and heating of the pyrolysis reactor (WO 99/08849, B29B 17/00. ClOB 53/00, 1999).

The disadvantages of the known installation are the high energy intensity, since the pyrolysis process is carried out at high temperatures, and the reaction mixture is heated in the pyrolysis reactor through its walls, and low environmental purity. because the exhaust gases generated during the processing of waste are discharged into the atmosphere.

A known method and installation for obtaining marketable products from rubber waste. According to a method for processing rubber-containing wastes, they are pretreated by grinding and deoxygenation (deoxygenation), then they are pyrolyzed in the inner chamber of a pyrolysis reactor, followed by separation of the pyrolysis products into pyrolysis and a solid carbon-containing residue. The carbon-containing residue is crushed, cooled, sorted and separated in a magnetic separator into crude carbon black and metal-containing waste (metal cord). Pyrogas is subjected to treatment with the release of condensate of hydrocarbons and light gaseous hydrocarbons. The installation for processing rubber-containing waste contains a preliminary waste preparation unit, including a waste shredder, a weighing belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, a hopper for loading with crushed waste, a deoxygenator loaded with waste from the hopper, a tunnel type pyrolysis reactor, the inner chamber of which is equipped with a conveying device made, in particular screw-shaped, located on a horizontal shaft with a drive, the crushed waste passes through the inner chamber of the pyrolysis actor certain temperatures and for a time sufficient for complete decomposition of the raw waste and for the separation of solid carbonaceous residue and pyrolysis gas, complex plants separation of pyrolytic gas into fractions of hydrocarbon condensate and steam and a complex of plants for sorting solid carbon-containing residue by particle size and separation of carbon black and metal cord (WO 02/26914, ClOB, 2002).

The disadvantages of the known method and installation are high fuel consumption and energy consumption due to the pyrolysis process at high temperatures and heating of the reaction mixture through the walls of the pyrolysis chamber, in addition, the limited use only for ground waste.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a method for processing rubber waste, according to which rubber-containing waste is subjected to preliminary preparation: grinding, followed by irrigation with water, then the previously prepared waste is thermally decomposed in the furnace by spraying water in an amount of 50-150% by weight of waste separation of the decomposition products into a vapor-gas mixture and a solid residue, separation of the liquid phase from the vapor-gas mixture with the formation of a gaseous product and twater last for combustion in order to maintain the process of decomposition otxodov (RU, Patent N ° 2245247, B29B 17/00; C08J 11/14; B29K 21:00, 2005 YG).

The disadvantages of this method is that the reaction mixture is heated inside the reactor by heating its walls, which leads to significant energy costs, as well as the fact that waste water requires a large flow of water.

The objective of the invention is to obtain energy-efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly technology for the continuous processing of rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer waste, as well as the creation of installations for implementing such a technology. The technical result obtained from the use of the proposed method, implemented, in particular, on the proposed plants is to reduce the energy intensity of the processing of rubber waste with obtaining carbon-containing and hydrocarbon-containing products.

The problem in view of the method is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method for processing rubber-containing wastes, including a stage of their preliminary preparation, a stage of thermal decomposition in a furnace with separation of decomposition products into a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue, the stage of separation of the liquid phase from the gas-vapor mixtures with the formation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas and the stage of separation of the carbon-containing product from the solid residue at the preliminary preparation stage, the whole and / or crushed waste is purged at the start of the first cycle of processing with natural gas, in subsequent cycles with a hydrocarbon-containing gas, followed by impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent - a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point not higher than 22O ⁰ C, at least for 15 minutes, the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace is carried out in the first cycle - in the environment of natural gas heated to 400-500 ⁰ C, and in subsequent cycles - in the environment of a hydrocarbon-containing gas heated to 40 0-500 ° C, the separation of the liquid phase from the steam-gas mixture is carried out in three stages, while in the first stage the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to ZOO-36O ° C with the subsequent separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, in the second stage the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of no higher than 220 ° C, followed by separation of the average hydrocarbon fraction and recycling of part of it to the stage of preliminary preparation of waste for use as a hydrocarbon solvent, and at the third stage the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature below 30 ° C, followed by by dividing the light hydrocarbon fraction, the hydrocarbon-containing gas formed after separation of the liquid phase from the gas-vapor mixture is divided into at least four streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat the second hydrocarbon-containing gas stream, which is fed to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace, the third stream is used for purging at the stage of preliminary preparation of waste, and the fourth is given to the consumer, the solid residue before the stage of separation of the carbon-containing product is subjected to purging with air and cooling, and the gases generated after the purge at the stage of preliminary preparation of the waste and the purge of the solid residue are sent to combustion for heating the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas. It is preferable that when starting the first processing cycle, diesel fuel is used as a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point of not higher than 220 ° C.

In one embodiment of the method, a hydrocarbon-containing gas is divided into five streams, one of which is sent to combustion for heating a second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is fed to the stage of thermal decomposition into the furnace, the third stream is used for purging at the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the fourth for purging of solid the remainder, and the fifth is given to the consumer.

In one embodiment of the method, the light hydrocarbon fraction is mixed with the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a portion of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, the remaining part after recycling to the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the resulting mixture of hydrocarbon fractions is sent for further processing, while the mixture of hydrocarbon fractions is processed to produce gasoline, diesel and fuel oil fractions. Preferably, the carbon-containing product isolated from the solid residue is sent to the production of sorbents.

The problem, in part of the first version of the installation is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation for processing rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer waste contains a unit for thermal decomposition of waste into a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue made in the form of an inclined tunnel-type furnace with a conveying a device connected to a preliminary waste preparation unit, including a lock chamber with gas supply units for purging and gas removal after purging and valves with an inlet and outlet drive and a hydrocarbon solvent impregnation chamber with solvent supply and removal units, a vapor removal unit and a waste removal unit after impregnation with a screw conveyor, a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit, consisting of a furnace and a heat exchanger, a carbon-containing product separation system including a collector solid residue, a lock receiver with a cooling jacket, upper and lower dampers with an actuator and gas supply units for purging and venting gas after purging connected to the pipe gas supply gas after purging into the furnace, a device for transporting solid residue and a separation unit for metal cord and carbon black, and a fractionation system for a gas-vapor mixture including a first-stage condenser and a first-stage separator equipped with pipelines for withdrawing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a secondary gas-vapor mixture, a second-stage condenser and a second stage separator equipped with pipelines for the discharge of the middle hydrocarbon fraction and the tertiary gas mixture and the medium-angle recirculation system a hydrogen fraction, connected to the solvent supply and discharge units of the impregnation chamber of the preliminary waste treatment unit, a third stage condenser and a third stage separator equipped with light hydrocarbon fraction and hydrocarbon-containing gas discharge pipelines with a centrifugal fan, while the gas outlet after purging the lock chamber is connected by a pipeline to the furnace, the gas supply units for purging the lock chamber and the lock receiver are equipped with air supply pipelines, and the hydrocarbon-containing pipeline aschego gas is connected, at least with a furnace, a heat exchanger, and also gas supply units for purging the lock chamber of the preliminary waste preparation unit and the lock receiver of the carbon-containing product separation system.

It is preferable to use the device in the form of blades mounted on a shaft with a drive of blades made with an angle of attack directed towards the rotation of the shaft as a conveying device for the thermal decomposition furnace.

In one embodiment of the installation, it is equipped with a storage tank for liquid hydrocarbon fractions.

Preferably, the medium hydrocarbon fraction recirculation system is provided with a pumping device, and a gear pump is used as the pumping device.

The problem, in part of the second installation option is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation for processing rubber-containing waste contains a unit for thermal decomposition of waste into a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue made in the form of a rotor-sector type furnace mounted on a horizontal shaft with a step drive connected to a preliminary waste preparation unit, including a lock chamber with gas supply units for purging and gas removal after purging and gate valves with an inlet drive and an outlet and a chamber for impregnating the waste with a hydrocarbon solvent with nodes for supplying and discharging the solvent, nodes for discharging vapors and waste after impregnation and a waste pusher with a drive, a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit, consisting of a furnace and a heat exchanger, a carbon-containing product separation system, including a solid residue collector and a sluice a receiver with a cooling jacket, upper and lower dampers with an actuator and gas supply units for purging and venting gas after purging, connected to the gas supply pipe after blowing into the furnace, a device for transporting solid residue and a separation unit for metal cord and carbon black, and a steam-gas mixture fractionation system including a first-stage condenser and a first-stage separator, equipped with pipelines for withdrawing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a second gas-vapor mixture, a second-stage condenser and a second-stage separator, equipped with pipelines for the discharge of the middle hydrocarbon fraction and the tertiary gas mixture and the recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, soy Inonii nodes with supply and discharge pretreatment impregnation chamber node solvent waste third capacitor stage and the third stage separator provided with outlet conduits a light hydrocarbon fraction and a hydrocarbon-containing gas with a centrifugal fan, while the gas outlet after purging the airlock is connected by a pipeline to the furnace, the gas supply units for purging the airlock and the airlock are equipped with air supply pipes, and the hydrocarbon-containing gas pipeline is connected to at least furnace, heat exchanger, as well as gas supply units for purging the lock chamber of the preliminary waste preparation unit and the lock receiver of the carbon-containing emission system Recreatives Products.

In one embodiment, the installation is equipped with a storage tank for liquid hydrocarbon fractions.

Preferably, the medium hydrocarbon fraction recirculation system is provided with a pumping device, which can be used as a gear pump.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 schematically shows a plant for processing crushed rubber-containing or a mixture of crushed rubber-containing and polymer waste. In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a conveying device of a furnace for thermal decomposition of waste in FIG. 1. In FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an apparatus for processing solid rubber-containing wastes or solid rubber-containing wastes filled with crushed rubber-containing or polymer wastes. The method is as follows.

Solid and / or crushed rubber waste (solid tires, crushed tires or solid tires filled with pieces of crushed tires) or a mixture of rubber-containing (based on natural, butadiene, styrene butadiene, isoprene and other rubbers) and polymeric waste (polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, nylon , lavsan, etc.) are fed to the pretreatment stage, where in a closed volume the waste is purged with a hydrocarbon containing gas: at start-up with natural gas, and with subsequent operation with a hydrocarbon-containing gas m, formed during processing, followed by impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent - any liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point not higher than 220 ^° C, while preferably, when starting up, use diesel fuel as a hydrocarbon solvent, and during subsequent work as a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point not higher than 220 ⁰ C use the average hydrocarbon fraction obtained in the second stage of the separation of the liquid phase from the vapor-gas mixture formed during the processing of the initial waste at a temperature of no higher than 22O ⁰ C for at least 15 minutes. This minimum time is necessary for heating the waste in the impregnation chamber, for their subsequent supply to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace.

Preliminary preparation of the processed waste allows increasing the depth of their thermal decomposition and accelerating it. When rubber-containing wastes are impregnated with a hydrocarbon solvent at temperatures up to 22O ⁰ C, their destruction begins, with weakening of sulfur cross-links as well. Raising the temperature of the hydrocarbon solvent above 22O ⁰ C complicates the process of pumping pre-prepared waste to the stage of thermal decomposition into the furnace.

After the impregnation, the prepared waste is fed to the stage of thermal decomposition into the furnace, which also contains hydrocarbon-containing gas: when starting up, natural gas heated to 400-500 ⁰ C, and during subsequent operation, hydrocarbon-containing gas formed after the liquid phase is separated from the gas-vapor mixture obtained in the process of thermal decomposition of waste heated to 400-500 ⁰ C, while the processed waste in the furnace is heated to a temperature of 320- 46O ⁰ C. The time it takes to process depends on the temperature to which the reaction mixture is heated. its thermal decomposition. At a temperature of the reaction mixture of 46O ⁰ C, the time for which the destruction of the waste takes place is about 60 minutes, and at a temperature of 32O ⁰ C this time increases. In the process of thermal decomposition of waste, a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue are formed.

The vapor-gas mixture is removed from the reactor and fed to the stage of separation of the liquid phase from it with the formation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas. The separation of the liquid phase from the gas-vapor mixture is carried out in three stages: in the first, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 300-360 ⁰ C, followed by the separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction from the gas-vapor mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction is sent for further processing to obtain marketable products, for example, fuel oil. The gas-vapor mixture is sent for further fractionation. At the second stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature not higher than 22O ⁰ C, followed by separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to the preliminary stage as a hydrocarbon solvent for impregnation of the treated waste, and the remaining part is sent for further processing, for example, it is subjected to hydrotreating with subsequent receiving diesel fuel or diesel fuel. At the third stage of separation of the liquid phase from the vapor-gas mixture as a result of cooling of the latter to a temperature below 3O ⁰ C and subsequent separation of the light hydrocarbon fraction, a hydrocarbon-containing gas is formed. The light hydrocarbon fraction after hydrotreating can be used to produce high-octane gasoline additives.

Hydrocarbon fractions extracted from a gas-vapor mixture can be mixed, collected in one tank and sent for further processing. Preferably, the mixture of fractions extracted from the gas-vapor mixture is sent for further processing together to obtain gasoline, diesel and fuel oil fractions. In the course of such processing, for example, gasoline fractions with an octane number of more than 83 can be obtained, which can be used as additives to increase the octane number of straight-run gasolines, as well as petroleum solvents, clarified diesel fractions, etc.

Thus, each of the fractions extracted during the processing of waste can be subjected to both independent processing by any known methods, depending on the need to obtain a particular marketable product, or joint processing, for example, cracking, pyrolysis, etc.

The use of a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point of no higher than 22O ⁰ C as a hydrocarbon solvent for impregnating waste at the stage of preliminary preparation of the average hydrocarbon fraction is due to its lower sulfur content compared to the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and lower volatility compared to the light hydrocarbon fraction . The lower temperature of the hydrocarbon solvent supplied to the impregnation chamber depends on the qualitative composition of the light fractions contained in the gas-vapor mixture and the temperature of their evaporation.

The solid residue formed in the process of thermal decomposition in the furnace is removed, subjected to air purging in a closed volume with simultaneous cooling, and a carbon-containing product is emitted from it - carbon black, which can then be used in various industries, in particular, for the production of car tires. Preferably, the generated carbon black is directed to the production of sorbents.

Air purging of the solid residue before the carbon-containing product is separated from it allows the associated gases to be blown off, which prevents their emission into the atmosphere when the solid residue is unloaded. After purging, the hydrocarbon-containing gas and air are sent for combustion to heat the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream that is sent to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace to create an environment in which the thermal decomposition of the treated waste is conducted. Reducing the emission of gases into the atmosphere increases the environmental friendliness of the process for processing rubber waste.

After the carbon-containing product is isolated from the solid residue, a metal cord is formed, which is pressed and can be used as recyclable material in various industries. The resulting hydrocarbon-containing gas is divided into at least four streams, one of which is sent for combustion to heat up to 400-500 ⁰ C the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is sent to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace to create an environment in which the process of thermal decomposition of the treated waste . The third stream is sent for purging to the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the fourth is the excess of the resulting hydrocarbon-containing gas, sent to the consumer for use, for example, as fuel.

If there is an excess of the resulting hydrocarbon-containing gas, it can be divided, in particular, into five streams: one of which is sent to combustion for heating the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is fed to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace, the third stream is used for purging at the stage of preliminary waste preparation , the fourth - for purging the solid residue, and the fifth - is given to the consumer, for use, for example, as fuel.

The purge of treated waste at the stage of preliminary preparation with a hydrocarbon-containing gas in a confined space reduces the amount of air oxygen introduced into the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace, which reduces the possibility of oxidative reactions in the furnace. Examples of the method. Example 1. 1100 kg of rubber-containing waste - shredded tire raw materials (50 mm x 50 mm in size) are subjected to preliminary preparation, for which the raw materials are purged with hydrocarbon-containing gas in a closed volume to blow off the air contained in the treated waste, and then they are sent for impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature 22O ⁰ C for 25 minutes. The prepared raw materials are fed to the stage of thermal decomposition in the tunnel kiln type, which also contains hydrocarbon-containing gas preheated to 500 ⁰ C. In the environment of a heated hydrocarbon-containing gas, the processed waste is heated to a temperature of 46O ⁰ C, and within 60 minutes of being in the furnace, the waste is completely decomposed completely to form a vapor-gas mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture is sent to a three-stage fractionation. In the first stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 36O ⁰ C, followed by separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, which is sent for further processing to obtain fuel oil, in the second stage, the remaining gas-vapor mixture is cooled to 22O ⁰ C with the subsequent separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to a preliminary preparation step for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent of the feedstock, and the remainder is hydrotreated, followed by dis fuel oil. At the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 2O ⁰ C, followed by the isolation of a light hydrocarbon fraction and the formation of PO kg (10% of the waste weight) of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is divided into four streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas to temperature of 500 ⁰ C with its direction to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace, the third stream - to periodically purge the initial waste to the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the fourth to the consumer. The isolated light fraction after hydrotreatment is sent for further processing to obtain high-octane additives to benzene. The total amount of liquid hydrocarbon fractions is 419.2 kg (47.2% of the waste weight).

The solid residue is discharged, it is blown in an enclosed space to blow off associated gases and cooled, after which it is sent to the stage of carbon-containing product separation, where metal cord (165 kg or 15% of the waste weight) is separated from carbon black (300.3 kg or 27.3% of the weight of the waste).

Losses are 5.5 kg or 0.5% of the weight of the waste. After purging, air and hydrocarbon-containing gas are sent to combustion to heat the hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is sent to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace.

Example 2. 1100 kg of rubber-containing waste - solid tires - is subjected to preliminary preparation, for which the raw material is purged a hydrocarbon-containing gas in a closed volume for blowing off the air contained in the treated waste, after which they are sent for impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of 22O ⁰ C for 15 minutes. The prepared raw materials are fed to the stage of thermal decomposition in a rotor-sector type furnace, where hydrocarbon-containing gas is also preheated to 400 ^° C. The treated waste is heated to a temperature of 32 ^° C, and for 100 minutes in the furnace complete thermal decomposition of the waste occurs with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture is sent to a three-stage fractionation. In the first stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 300 ^° C followed by separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, in the second stage, the remaining gas-vapor mixture is cooled to 22 ^° C, followed by the separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as the hydrocarbon-containing solvent raw materials. At the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 2O ⁰ C, followed by the isolation of a light hydrocarbon fraction and the formation of PO kg (10% of the waste weight) of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is divided into five streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas to temperature 400 ⁰ c in the direction of its thermal decomposition step in a furnace, the third flow - to periodically purge waste at source preconditioning step wastes fourth stream - to purge solid STATCOM, and the fifth stream - the consumer.

The separated hydrocarbon fractions, with the exception of a portion of the average hydrocarbon fraction recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent of the feedstock, are mixed and sent for further processing to obtain marketable products such as fuel oil, diesel fuel, diesel fuel, etc. The total amount a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fractions is 419.2 kg (47.2% of the waste weight).

The solid residue is discharged, it is blown with air to blow off the associated gases and cooled, after which it is sent to the stage of carbon-containing product separation, where metal oxide (165 kg or 15% by weight of waste) is separated from carbon black (300.3 kg or 27.3% of the weight of the waste).

Example 3. A mixture of crushed rubber and polymer waste is subjected to processing at a ratio of 10: 1 to 1000 kg of rubber waste and 100 kg of polymer waste, subjected to preliminary preparation, for which the raw materials are purged with hydrocarbon-containing gas in a closed volume to blow off the air contained in the processed waste, after whereby they are sent for impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of 16O ⁰ C for 15 minutes. Prepared raw materials are fed to the stage of thermal decomposition in a tunnel-type furnace, which also contains hydrocarbon-containing gas preheated to 400 ⁰ C. In a heated hydrocarbon-containing gas medium, the processed waste is heated to a temperature of 32O ⁰ C, and complete thermal heating occurs during 100 minutes in the furnace decomposition of waste with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture is sent to a three-stage fractionation. In the first stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 300 ^° C followed by separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, in the second stage, the remaining gas-vapor mixture is cooled to 16 ^° C, followed by the separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent raw materials. In the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 3O ⁰ C, followed by the isolation of a light hydrocarbon fraction and the formation of 110 kg (10% of the waste weight) of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is divided into four streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas to temperature 400 ⁰ C with its direction to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace, the third stream - to periodically purge the initial waste to the stage of preliminary waste treatment, and the fourth to the consumer.

The separated hydrocarbon fractions, with the exception of part of the average hydrocarbon fraction recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent of the feedstock, are mixed and sent for further processing. The total amount of the mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fractions is 419.2 kg (47.2% of the weight of the waste).

The solid residue is discharged, in an enclosed space, it is purged with air to blow off associated gases and cooled, after which it is sent to the stage emission of carbon-containing product, where the separation of steel cord

(165 kg or 15% of the weight of the waste) from carbon black (300.3 kg or 27.3% of the weight of the waste).

Example 4. The composition of the treated waste according to example 3 is subjected to preliminary preparation, for which the raw material is purged with a hydrocarbon-containing gas in a closed volume to blow off the air contained in the treated waste, after which they are sent for impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of 16O ⁰ C for 20 minutes. Prepared raw materials are fed to the stage of thermal decomposition in a tunnel-type furnace, which also contains hydrocarbon-containing gas preheated to 500 ⁰ C. In a heated hydrocarbon-containing gas medium, the treated waste is heated to a temperature of 46O ⁰ C, and complete thermal treatment takes place within 60 minutes decomposition of waste with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture is sent to a three-stage fractionation. In the first stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 36O ⁰ C with subsequent separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, in the second stage the remaining gas-vapor mixture is cooled to 16O ⁰ C with the subsequent separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent raw materials. At the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of minus 1O ⁰ C, followed by the isolation of a light hydrocarbon fraction and the formation of 110 kg (10% of the waste weight) of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is divided into four streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat a second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas to a temperature of 500 ⁰ C with its direction to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace, the third stream - to periodically purge the initial waste to the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the fourth to the consumer. The separated hydrocarbon fractions, with the exception of part of the average hydrocarbon fraction recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent of the feedstock, are mixed and sent for further processing. The total amount of the mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fractions is 419.2 kg (47.2% of the weight of the waste). The solid residue is discharged, it is blown in an enclosed space to blow off associated gases and cooled, after which it is sent to the stage of carbon-containing product separation, where metal cord (165 kg or 15% of the waste weight) is separated from carbon black (300.3 kg or 27.3% of the weight of the waste).

Losses are 5.5 kg or 0.5% of the weight of the waste.

After purging, air and hydrocarbon-containing gas are sent to combustion to heat the hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is sent to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace. Example 5. Processing is subjected to a mixture of 1000 kg of whole tires filled with 500 kg

- cut rubber waste. The waste is subjected to preliminary preparation, for which it is purged with a hydrocarbon-containing gas in a closed volume to blow off the air contained in the treated waste, after which it is sent for impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of 18 ^° C for 25 minutes. The prepared raw materials are fed to the stage of thermal decomposition in a rotor-sector type furnace, which also contains hydrocarbon-containing gas preheated to 500 ⁰ C. In a heated hydrocarbon-containing gas medium, the processed waste is heated to a temperature of 45O ⁰ C, and within 60 minutes of being in the furnace complete thermal decomposition of waste with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture is sent to a three-stage fractionation. In the first stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 35O ⁰ C followed by separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, in the second stage the remaining gas-vapor mixture is cooled to 18O ⁰ C with the subsequent separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction, part of which is recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent raw materials. In the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature of 2O ⁰ C, followed by the isolation of a light hydrocarbon fraction and the formation of 162 kg (10.8% of the waste weight) of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is divided into four streams, one of which is sent to combustion to heat a second hydrocarbon-containing stream gas to a temperature of 500 ⁰ C with its direction to the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace, the third stream - to periodically purge the initial waste to the stage of preliminary waste treatment, and the fourth to the consumer. The separated hydrocarbon fractions, with the exception of part of the average hydrocarbon fraction recycled to the preliminary preparation stage for use as a hydrocarbon-containing solvent of the feedstock, are mixed and sent for further processing. The total amount of the mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fractions is 630 kg (42% of the waste weight).

The solid residue is discharged, it is blown with air to blow off associated gases and cooled, after which it is sent to the stage of carbon-containing product separation, where metal is separated (255 kg or 17% of the waste weight) from carbon black (450 kg or 30% of the weight of the processed waste). Losses are 3 kg (0.2% of the weight of the waste).

After purging, air and hydrocarbon-containing gas are sent to combustion to heat the hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is sent to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace.

From the above examples it follows that carrying out the method by the claimed sequence of operations in the selected ranges of the declared parameters allows to obtain a fairly stable percentage composition of the output of the obtained products: hydrocarbon-containing gas, liquid hydrocarbon-containing fractions, carbon black and steel cord.

Plant options that implement the proposed method in the processing of whole and / or crushed rubber-containing or mixtures of rubber-containing and polymer wastes are given below.

The first version of the installation is used for the processing of crushed rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer waste.

The installation (Fig. 1) contains an inclined furnace for the thermal decomposition of waste tunnel type 1 with feed units for pre-prepared waste 2 and heated hydrocarbon-containing gas 3, units for venting the gas mixture 4 and solid residue 5, equipped with a conveying device

6, located on the shaft 7 with the drive 8, a preliminary waste preparation unit containing a ground waste bin 9 connected to a lock chamber 10, equipped with shutters with a drive at the inlet 11 and at the outlet 12 and gas supply units for purging 13 and gas outlet after purging 14. The lock chamber 10 is connected to the waste impregnation chamber with a hydrocarbon solvent 15 with supply units 16 and solvent removal 17, a vapor removal unit 18 and a waste disposal unit after impregnation 19, equipped with a screw conveyor 20 with a screw drive 21 and connected to the unit for supplying pre-prepared waste 2 of the furnace 1.

The conveying device 6 in the furnace 1 can be made in the form of a screw, for example, a screw-shaped one, in the form of a spiral, etc., however, it is preferable to use the device in the form of blades mounted on a shaft 7 with a drive 8 with an angle of attack directed in the direction of rotation of the shaft 7 driven by a drive 8, as shown in FIG. 2.

The installation also contains a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit, consisting of a furnace 22 with a gaseous fuel supply unit (including a hydrocarbon-containing gas generated during the processing of waste and gases after purging) into the furnace 23 and a hot coolant removal unit 24 and a heater 25 with supply units hot coolant 26 connected to the node for the removal of hot coolant 24 of the furnace 22, exhaust flue gases 27, the supply of hydrocarbon-containing gas for heating 28 and the removal of heated hydrocarbon-containing gas 29, with union of a supply unit 3 of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas of the furnace 1.

The installation also contains a vapor-gas mixture fractionation system containing a first-stage condenser 30, the input of which is connected to the exhaust gas-vapor mixture assembly 4 of the furnace 1 by means of a vapor-gas mixture pipeline 31, and the outlet is connected to the first-stage separator 32 with heavy hydrocarbon fraction 33 and secondary vapor-gas mixture discharge pipelines 34, connected to the input of the condenser of the second stage 35, the output of which is connected to the separator of the second stage 36, equipped with a recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction 37, which can t be equipped with a pumping device 38, which can be used as a gear pump connected to the supply units 16 and the outlet 17 of the solvent of the waste impregnation chamber 15, the discharge pipe of the middle hydrocarbon fraction 39 and the discharge pipe of the tertiary gas mixture 40 into the condenser of the third stage 41, the outlet of which is connected to a separator of the third stage 42 with a pipeline for removal of a light hydrocarbon-containing fraction 43 and a pipeline for a hydrocarbon-containing gas 45 with an installed centrifugal fan 46 .

The pipelines for the discharge of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction 33, the middle hydrocarbon fraction 39 and the light hydrocarbon fraction 43 can be connected to a storage tank 44, which can be equipped with an installation, from where the mixture of fractions is sent for further processing to obtain marketable products. The installation also contains a carbon-containing product separation system consisting of a solid residue collector 47, a sluice receiver 48, the inlet of the collector 47 being connected to a solid residue removal unit 5 of the furnace 1, and the output to a sluice receiver 48 provided with an upper 49 and lower 50 shutters with a drive, gas supply units for purging 51 and gas outlet after purging 52 with a gas pipeline after purging 53, and a cooling jacket 54 with supplying and discharging refrigerant, a device for transporting solid residue 55 and a separation unit for metal cord, and those carbon black 56, which can be used as a magnetic separator, connected, for example, with a press for steel cord 57 and a capacity of carbon black 58.

The hydrocarbon-containing gas pipeline 45 is connected to a gas supply unit for purging 51 of the gateway receiver 48, with a gaseous fuel supply unit 23 to the furnace 22, a hydrocarbon-containing gas supply unit for heating 28 of the heater 25, and a gas supply unit for purging 13 of the lock chamber 10. Gas supply units the purge 13 of the lock chamber 10 and 51 of the lock receiver 48 are provided with air supply pipes 59 and 60, respectively. The nodes of the gas outlet after purging 14 of the lock chamber 10 and 52 of the lock receiver 48 are connected to the node for supplying gaseous fuel 23 to the furnace 22 through pipelines 61 and 53, respectively.

The site of removal of vapors 18 from the chamber of impregnation of waste 15 is connected to the pipeline of the gas-vapor mixture 31. Vapors formed in the screw conveyor 20 of the node of the waste after impregnation 19 are also sent to the pipeline of the gas-vapor mixture 31.

The installation can also be used for processing solid tires up to a diameter of 1150 mm, and only the units for the preliminary preparation of the waste and the supply of the previously prepared waste to the thermal decomposition furnace are structurally changed.

Installation works as follows.

Before starting the installation, the entire system is purged with natural gas.

Then, with the shutters with actuators 11 and 12 closed, the lock chamber 10 is blown with air to prevent any gases in the lock chamber from being emitted into the atmosphere before the treated waste is fed into it.

Pre-cleaned and shredded waste is fed to the preliminary waste preparation unit: first, to the shredded waste bunker 9, from where, under the action of its own weight, when the shutter with actuator 11 is open and the shutter with actuator 12 is closed, they enter the lock chamber 10. The inlet shutter 11 fifty

20 lock chamber close. In the process of starting the first operation cycle of the installation, natural gas is supplied through the gas supply unit to the purge 13 through the gas supply unit for purging 13 to blow air from the processed waste products, to prevent air oxygen from entering the furnace for thermal decomposition of waste 1. In subsequent cycles, a hydrocarbon-containing gas is used for purging formed during the processing of waste. Gases are removed from the lock chamber 10 through the gas outlet after purging 14. After the treated waste is released from the air, open the shutter 12 at the outlet of the lock chamber 10 and transfer the waste to the waste impregnation chamber 15 with a hydrocarbon solvent with a temperature up to 22O ⁰ C, which is fed into the chamber 15 through the solvent supply unit 16, and discharged through the solvent removal unit 17. The damper 12 is closed. To prevent the release of hydrocarbon-containing gas into the atmosphere before loading a new portion of waste to be processed from the hopper 9, the sluice chamber is again purged with air supplied through pipeline 59 through the gas supply unit to the purge 13 and discharged through the gas exhaust unit after the purge 14 through the pipe 61.

During the start-up of the first cycle of the installation, any liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point of no higher than 22O ⁰ C, for example, diesel fuel, is fed into the chamber 15 as a hydrocarbon solvent, and in subsequent cycles, a part of the medium-sized medium obtained from the process of thermal decomposition of waste gas-vapor mixture hydrocarbon fraction with a temperature of up to 22 ^{0 0} C. After the waste is in the impregnation chamber 15, thermal decomposition begins for at least 15 minutes. Prepared waste through the waste removal unit after impregnation 19, equipped with a screw conveyor 20 with a drive 21, is fed through the pre-prepared waste supply unit 2 to the waste thermal decomposition furnace 1, which is also fed through the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas supply unit 3 during the start of the first cycle of the installation fed natural gas heated to 400-500 ⁰ C, and in subsequent cycles - hydrocarbon gas formed after separation of the liquid hydrocarbon fraction from the gas-vapor mixture obtained during the thermal decomposition, and heated up to 400-500 ⁰ C. The thermal decomposition of the waste being treated in the furnace 1 is carried out in a medium of hydrocarbon containing gas supplied to the furnace 1 at a temperature of 400-500 ⁰ C, this is accompanied by heating of the waste to 320-460 ⁰ C To ensure the intensity of heat and mass transfer between the treated waste and the supplied hydrocarbon-containing gas, a tunnel-type inclined furnace equipped with a conveying device, for example, a screw-shaped screw. To further increase the intensity of heat and mass transfer between the treated waste and the supplied hydrocarbon-containing gas in order to increase the depth and accelerate the process of thermal decomposition, a conveying device can be used in the form of 8 blades mounted on a shaft 7 with a drive with an angle of attack directed to the direction of rotation of the shaft 7 driven into rotation drive 8.

The vapor-gas mixture formed in the process of thermal decomposition of waste through the vapor-gas mixture withdrawal unit 4 is discharged from the furnace 1 and fed to the vapor-gas mixture fractionation system through the vapor-gas mixture pipeline 31. The resulting vapors are also discharged into the pipeline 31 from the chamber 15 through the vapor removal unit 18.

Then the vapor-gas mixture passes sequentially the condenser of the first stage 30, where it is cooled to 300-36O ⁰ C, enters the separator of the first stage 32, in which the heavy hydrocarbon fraction is separated and from which the heavy hydrocarbon fraction is removed, which is sent for further processing, and the secondary gas-vapor mixture via line 34 is fed to the condenser of the second stage 35 where it is cooled to a temperature not higher than 22O ⁰ c followed by the separation in the second stage separator 36, the middle hydrocarbon fraction, wherein part of the system through retsir of the middle hydrocarbon fraction 37 through an installed gear pump 38 is fed through the solvent supply unit 16 to the waste impregnation chamber 15, and then removed from it through the solvent removal unit 17 and again fed to the second stage separator 36. The remaining part of the middle hydrocarbon fraction is discharged through the pipeline 39 . The separated in separator tertiary gas-vapor mixture supplied through conduit 40 to condenser 41, the third stage, where it is cooled to a temperature below 3O ⁰ C and fed to the third stage separator 42 into a torus separates light hydrocarbon fraction from the hydrocarbon-containing gas, which centrifugal fan 46 is withdrawn via line 45 for further use. The separated light hydrocarbon fraction through pipeline 43 is sent for further processing or fed to storage tank 44, from where it is also sent for further processing. Preferably, the separated heavy and medium hydrocarbon fractions are also fed into the storage tank 44, and a mixture of hydrocarbon fractions is sent for further processing. The solid residue formed in the furnace 1 is discharged through the solid residue 5 discharge unit to the collector 47. To prevent air from entering the furnace 1 during the discharge of solid residue from the furnace 1, a gateway receiver 48 is used. With the upper 49 and lower 50 shutters with actuators closed, the gateway receiver 48 purged with a hydrocarbon-containing gas supplied through a pipe 45 through a gas supply unit for a purge 51 and discharged through a gas outlet after a purge 52 through a gas pipe after a purge 53, then open the upper gate 49 of the airlock ika 48 filled with the hydrocarbon-containing gas and the overload solid residue collector 47 of the gateway receiver 48. Close the upper flap 49. The sluice receiver 48 provided with a cooling jacket 54, allowing to cool the solid residue. At the same time, to prevent the release of hydrocarbon-containing gas into the atmosphere, the gateway receiver 48 is started to be purged with air supplied through a pipeline 60 through a gas supply unit to a purge 51 and discharged through a gas exhaust unit after a purge 52 through a pipe 53. The lower shutter 50 is opened. It is freed from hydrocarbon-containing gases and cooled the solid residue by means of the device for transporting solid residue 55 is fed to the separation unit of the steel cord and carbon black 56, from where the steel cord is sent under the press 57, carbon black into the carbon black tank 58, and from there, for example, to the sorbent production workshop. To supply hydrocarbon-containing gas with a temperature of 400-500 ⁰ C to the furnace 1, a unit for heating a hydrocarbon-containing gas is provided in the installation. At the start of the first processing cycle, natural gas, and at subsequent processing cycles, a part of the hydrocarbon-containing gas generated during the waste processing, is fed through the pipeline 45 through the gaseous fuel supply unit 23 to the furnace 22. Gases are also fed there after purging the lock chamber 10 and the lock receiver 48 through pipelines 61 and 53, respectively. The hot heat carrier from the furnace 22 through the hot heat carrier outlet 24 is supplied to the heater 25 through the hot heat carrier 26. A portion of the hydrocarbon-containing gas generated during waste processing is piped 45 through the hydrocarbon-containing gas supply to the heater 25, from where the hydrocarbon-containing gas gas heated to 400-500 ⁰ c is fed through the assembly heated hydrocarbon-containing gas outlet 29 connected to the supply unit 3 of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas into the furnace 1. The exhaust flue g PS through flue gas outlet assembly 27 is withdrawn from the heater 25 and, after filtration, thrown into the atmosphere. The second variant of the installation is intended for the processing of solid spent automobile tires or solid rubber-containing waste filled with crushed rubber-containing and / or polymeric waste.

The installation (Fig.Z) contains a furnace for thermal decomposition of waste 1 with nodes for supplying pre-prepared waste 2 and heated hydrocarbon-containing gas 3, nodes for removing the gas-vapor mixture 4 and solid residue 5, made of rotor-sector type and mounted on a horizontal shaft with a step drive ( not shown), a preliminary waste preparation unit containing a lock chamber 10, equipped with shutters with a drive at the inlet 11 and at the outlet 12 and gas supply units for the purge 13 and gas outlet after the purge 14. Shluzova the chamber 10 is connected to the waste impregnation chamber with a hydrocarbon solvent 15 with the supply units 16 and the solvent outlet 17, the vapor removal unit 18 and the waste disposal unit after the impregnation 19 connected to the pre-prepared waste supply unit 2 of the furnace 1. The impregnation chamber 15 is equipped with a waste pusher 62 s drive (not shown in the drawing).

The installation also contains a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit, consisting of a furnace 22 with gaseous fuel supply units (including hydrocarbon-containing gas generated during the processing of waste and gases after purging) into the furnace 23 and the removal of hot coolant 24 and the heater 25 with hot supply units the coolant 26 connected to the node for the removal of the hot coolant 24 of the furnace 22, the exhaust flue gases 27, the supply of hydrocarbon-containing gas for heating 28, and the outlet of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas 29, with the unit for supplying hydrocarbon-containing gas 3 of the furnace 1.

The installation also contains a vapor-gas mixture fractionation system containing a first-stage condenser 30, the input of which is connected to the exhaust gas-vapor mixture assembly 4 of the furnace 1 by means of the vapor-gas mixture pipeline 31, and the outlet is connected to the first-stage separator 32 with the heavy hydrocarbon fraction 33 and secondary vapor-gas mixture discharge pipelines 34, connected to the input of the condenser of the second stage 35, the output of which is connected to the separator of the second stage 36, equipped with a recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction 37, which can be provided with a device for perekachkiZδ, as which may be used in a gear pump, connected to the supply node 16 and drain 17 of the chamber 15 waste solvent impregnation, average discharge conduit 39 and the hydrocarbon fraction outlet duct 40 of the tertiary gas mixture in a condenser of the third stage 41, the output of which is connected to the separator of the third stage 42 with the discharge pipe of the light hydrocarbon fraction 43 and the pipeline of the hydrocarbon gas 45 with the centrifugal fan 46 installed. The pipes of the discharge of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction 33, the middle hydrocarbon fraction 39 and the light hydrocarbon fraction 43 can be connected with a storage capacity of 44.

The installation also contains a carbon-containing product separation system consisting of a solid residue collector 47, a sluice receiver 48, the inlet of the collector 47 being connected to a solid residue removal unit 5 of the furnace 1, and the output to a sluice receiver 48 provided with an upper 49 and lower 50 shutters with a drive, gas supply units for purging 51 and gas outlet after purging 52 with a gas pipeline after purging 53, and a cooling jacket 54 with supplying and discharging refrigerant, a device for transporting solid residue 55 and a separation unit for metal cord, and those nical carbon 56, as a magnetic separator which can be used connected, for example, to press the steel cord 57 and the container 58 of carbon black.

The hydrocarbon-containing gas pipeline 45 is connected to a gas supply unit for purging 51 of the gateway receiver 48, with a gaseous fuel supply unit 23 to the furnace 22, a hydrocarbon-containing gas supply unit for heating 28 of the heater 25, and a gas supply unit for purging 13 of the lock chamber 10. Gas supply units the purge 13 of the lock chamber 10 and 51 of the lock receiver 48 are provided with air supply pipes 59 and 60, respectively. Gas exhaust units after purging 14 of the lock chamber

10 and 52 of the gateway receiver 48 are connected to the gaseous fuel supply unit 23 to the furnace 22 by means of pipelines 61 and 53, respectively.

The site of the removal of vapors 18 from the chamber for soaking waste 15 is connected to the pipeline vapor-gas mixture 31.

The installation can also be used for the processing of crushed waste, and only the units for the preliminary preparation of the waste and the supply of the previously prepared waste to the thermal decomposition furnace are structurally changed.

Installation works as follows.

Before starting the installation, the entire system is purged with natural gas. Then, with the shutters with actuators 11 and 12 closed, the lock chamber is blown with air to prevent any gases in the lock chamber from being released into the atmosphere before the treated waste is fed into it.

Spent whole automobile tires, or tires filled with crushed rubber-containing and / or polymer waste, are fed to the preliminary waste preparation unit: first, into the lock chamber 10 through the open shutter with actuator 11 with the shutter closed with actuator 12. The shutter 11 at the inlet of the lock chamber is closed. In the process of starting the first operation cycle of the installation, natural gas is supplied through the gas supply unit to the purge 13 through the gas supply unit for purging 13 to blow air from the processed waste products, to prevent air oxygen from entering the furnace for thermal decomposition of waste 1. In subsequent cycles, a hydrocarbon-containing gas is used for purging formed during the processing of waste. Gases are removed from the airlock chamber 10 through a gas outlet after purging 14. After releasing the processed waste from gases, open the shutter 12 at the outlet of the airlock chamber 10 and transfer the waste to the waste impregnation chamber 15 in a hydrocarbon solvent with a temperature up to 22O ⁰ C, which is fed into the chamber 15 through the solvent supply unit 16, and discharged through the solvent removal unit 17. The damper 12 is closed. To prevent the release of hydrocarbon-containing gas into the atmosphere before loading a new portion of the waste fed to the treatment, the sluice chamber 10 is again purged with air supplied through the pipeline 59 through the gas supply unit to the purge 13 and discharged through the gas exhaust unit after the purge 14 through the pipeline 61.

During the start-up of the first cycle of operation of the installation, for example, diesel fuel is supplied to the chamber 15 as a hydrocarbon solvent, and in subsequent cycles, a part of the middle hydrocarbon fraction separated from the gas-vapor mixture formed during the thermal decomposition of waste with a temperature of up to 22O ⁰ C. After the waste has been left in the impregnation chamber 15, for at least 15 minutes, their thermal decomposition begins. The prepared waste under the action of a waste pusher 62 with a drive located in the impregnation chamber 15, through the waste disposal unit after the impregnation 19, connected to the supply unit of pre-prepared waste 2 is fed to the waste thermal decomposition furnace 1, made in the form of a rotor-sector type furnace, and mounted on a horizontal shaft with a step drive, into which also through the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas supply unit 3 in the process of starting the first cycle of the installation natural gas is heated up to 400-500 ⁰ C, and in subsequent cycles a hydrocarbon-containing gas formed after the separation of liquid hydrocarbon-containing fractions from the gas-vapor mixture obtained in the process of thermal decomposition, and heated up to 400-500 ⁰ C. Thermal decomposition of the treated waste in furnace 1 is conducted in a hydrocarbon-containing gas medium entering furnace 1 with a temperature of 400-500 ⁰ C, while the waste is heated to 320-460 ⁰ C.

The operation of the stepper drive of the furnace for thermal decomposition of waste 1 is synchronized with the operation of the drive of the waste plunger 62 of the impregnation chamber 15. The first sector of the furnace 1, loaded with waste after impregnation, rotates and advances the processed waste towards each solid residue removal unit 5 of the furnace 1, through which the last sector in the direction of rotation of the furnace is unloaded. After unloading, the sector is ready to accept a new portion of pre-prepared waste. Through node 5, the solid residue enters the collection 47.

The vapor-gas mixture formed in the process of thermal decomposition of waste through the steam-gas mixture removal unit 4 is discharged from the furnace 1 and fed into the fractionation system of the vapor-gas mixture through the vapor-gas mixture pipeline 31.

The further operation of the installation is similar to the operation of the installation for the processing of rubber waste according to the first embodiment.

Thus, the use of the proposed group of inventions makes it possible to utilize rubber-containing and polymer wastes, including worn-out automobile tires, and to process them into materials suitable for further use while reducing the energy intensity of waste processing and ensuring environmental cleanliness of production through the use of the pre-impregnation process with hydrocarbon solvent, heating the waste in the furnace by direct contact with a gas coolant, also due to the closure of the process and the absence of non-utilized processing products.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method for processing rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer wastes, including a stage of their preliminary preparation, a stage of thermal decomposition in a furnace with separation of decomposition products into a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue, a stage for isolating a liquid phase from a gas-vapor mixture with the formation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, and a stage for isolating a carbon-containing product from a solid residue, characterized in that at the stage of preliminary preparation, whole and / or crushed waste is blown when starting up natural gas processing cycle, in subsequent cycles - a hydrocarbon containing gas followed by impregnation with a hydrocarbon solvent - a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point not higher than 220 ° C for at least 15 minutes, the stage of thermal decomposition in the furnace is carried out in the first cycle - in a medium of natural gas heated to 400-500 ⁰ C, and in subsequent cycles in a medium of a hydrocarbon-containing gas heated to 400-500 ° C, the separation of the liquid phase from the gas-vapor mixture is carried out in three stages, while in the first stage the gas-vapor mixture is cooled settle to 300-360 ° C followed by separation of the heavy hydrocarbon fraction; in the second stage, the vapor-gas mixture is cooled to a temperature not higher than 22O ⁰ C with subsequent separation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction and recirculation of a portion of it to the preliminary stage of waste preparation for use as a hydrocarbon solvent, and at the third stage, the gas-vapor mixture is cooled to a temperature below 30 ° C, followed by the separation of a light hydrocarbon fraction, which formed after the liquid phase is separated from the gas-vapor mixture mono-containing gas is divided into at least four streams, one of which is sent to combustion for heating a second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is fed to the stage of thermal decomposition into the furnace, the third stream is used for purging at the stage of preliminary waste preparation, and the fourth is diverted to the consumer, the solid residue before the stage of separation of the carbon-containing product is subjected to purging with air and cooling, and the gases formed after purging at the stage of preliminary preparation of waste and purging of the remainder is sent to combustion to heat a second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when starting the first processing cycle, diesel fuel is used as a liquid hydrocarbon fraction with a boiling point of no higher than 220 ° C.

3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the carbohydrate-containing gas is divided into five streams, one of which is sent to combustion for heating the second stream of hydrocarbon-containing gas, which is fed to the thermal decomposition stage in the furnace, the third stream is used to purging at the stage of preliminary preparation of waste, the fourth for purging the solid residue, and the fifth is given to the consumer.

4. The method according to p. L or p. 2, characterized in that the light hydrocarbon fraction is mixed with a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a portion of the middle hydrocarbon fraction remaining after recirculation of a portion thereof to the waste pretreatment stage, and the resulting mixture of hydrocarbon fractions is sent for further processing .

5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the mixture of hydrocarbon fractions is processed to obtain gasoline, diesel and fuel oil fractions.

6. The method according to p. 1 or p. 2, characterized in that the carbon-containing product isolated from the solid residue is sent to the production of sorbents.

7. Installation for processing rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymer wastes, characterized in that it contains a unit for thermal decomposition of waste into a gas-vapor mixture and a solid residue made in the form of an inclined tunnel-type furnace with a conveying device connected to a unit for preliminary waste treatment, including a lock chamber with gas supply units for purging and exhausting gas after purging and gate valves with actuators at the inlet and outlet and a chamber for impregnating the waste with a hydrocarbon solvent with a unit mixtures of solvent supply and discharge, a vapor removal unit and a waste removal unit after impregnation with a screw conveyor, a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit consisting of a furnace and a heat exchanger, a carbon-containing product separation system including a solid residue collector, a lock receiver with a cooling jacket, upper and lower dampers with a drive and gas supply units for purging and gas removal after purging, connected to the gas supply pipe after purging into the furnace, a device for transporting solid residue and knots ate separation of steel cord and carbon black, and a fractionation system for a gas-vapor mixture including a first-stage condenser and a first-stage separator equipped with pipelines for the removal of a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a secondary gas-vapor mixture, a second-stage condenser and a separator for the second stage, equipped with pipelines for the removal of a medium hydrocarbon fraction and a tertiary gas-vapor mixture mixture and system the recirculation of the middle hydrocarbon fraction connected to the solvent supply and removal units of the impregnation chamber of the preliminary waste treatment unit, the third stage condenser and the third stage separator, equipped with light hydrocarbon fraction and hydrocarbon-containing gas exhaust pipelines with a centrifugal fan, while the gas outlet after purging the lock chamber is connected a pipeline with a furnace, gas supply units for purging the lock chamber and lock receiver are equipped with air supply pipelines, and the pipe rovod uglevodorodsoderzhaschero gas is connected, at least with a furnace, a heat exchanger and a gas supply nodes purge lock chamber pretreatment unit and gateway receiver waste carbon allocation system with holding product.

8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that as the conveying device of the thermal decomposition furnace, the device is used in the form of blades mounted on a shaft with a drive, made with an angle of attack directed to the shaft rotation direction.

9. Installation according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that it is equipped with a storage tank for liquid hydrocarbon fractions.

10. Installation according to p. 9 or p. 10, characterized in that the recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction is equipped with a pumping device.

11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that a gear pump is used as a pumping device.

12. Installation for processing rubber-containing or a mixture of rubber-containing and polymeric waste, characterized in that it contains a unit for thermal decomposition of waste into a vapor-gas mixture and a solid residue made in the form of a rotor-sector type furnace mounted on a horizontal shaft with a step drive connected to waste pretreatment unit, including a lock chamber with gas supply units for purging and gas removal after purging and gate valves with actuators at the inlet and outlet and a hydrocarbon impregnation chamber a solvent with nodes for supplying and discharging a solvent, nodes for removing vapors and waste after impregnation, and a waste pusher with a drive, a hydrocarbon-containing gas heating unit, which consists of a furnace and a heat exchanger, a carbon-containing product separation system, including a solid residue collector and a sluice receiver with a cooling jacket, the upper and lower flaps with an actuator and gas supply units for purging and gas removal after purging, connected to the gas supply pipe after purging into the furnace, a solid residue transportation device and a separation unit for metal cord and carbon black, and a vapor-gas mixture fractionation system including a first-stage condenser and a first-stage separator equipped with pipelines for withdrawing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a second gas-vapor mixture, a second-stage condenser and a second-stage separator, equipped with pipelines for the discharge of the middle hydrocarbon fraction and the tertiary gas mixture and the recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction connected with nodes for supplying and discharging the solvent of the impregnation chamber of the preliminary waste preparation unit, a condenser of the third stage and a separator of the third stage, equipped with pipelines for discharging a light hydrocarbon fraction and a hydrocarbon-containing gas with a centrifugal fan, while the gas outlet after purging the lock chamber is connected by a pipeline to the furnace; gas to purge the lock chamber and the lock receiver are provided with air supply pipelines, and the hydrocarbon-containing gas pipeline is connected at least m Here, with a furnace, heat exchanger, as well as gas supply units for purging the lock chamber of the preliminary waste treatment unit and the lock receiver of the carbon-containing product separation system.

13. Installation according to p. 12, characterized in that it is equipped with a storage tank for liquid hydrocarbon fractions.

14. Installation according to p. 12 or p. 13, characterized in that the recirculation system of the middle hydrocarbon fraction is equipped with a pumping device.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the gear pump is used as a pumping device.