WO2006121976A2 - Ameliorations apportees aux procedes de traitement de l'eau - Google Patents

Ameliorations apportees aux procedes de traitement de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006121976A2
WO2006121976A2 PCT/US2006/017630 US2006017630W WO2006121976A2 WO 2006121976 A2 WO2006121976 A2 WO 2006121976A2 US 2006017630 W US2006017630 W US 2006017630W WO 2006121976 A2 WO2006121976 A2 WO 2006121976A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
water
array
assembly
magnetic field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/017630
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006121976A3 (fr
Inventor
Alan Teehu Wichman
Original Assignee
Pure Water America, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pure Water America, Llc filed Critical Pure Water America, Llc
Publication of WO2006121976A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006121976A2/fr
Priority to PCT/NZ2007/000105 priority Critical patent/WO2007129920A2/fr
Publication of WO2006121976A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006121976A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
    • C02F2201/46175—Electrical pulses

Definitions

  • the present invention is.directed to method and apparatus for potentially producing radicals in aqueous fluids, and applications in water sterilization and treatment.
  • the present invention is directed to an apparatus which treats water and may have a number of potential applications. However, among the more important of these applications, and which have driven the inventor's investigations, is its use for the treatment and sterilization of waste and drinking water.
  • Sewage treatment is also a significant challenge for communities in both the first and third worlds.
  • Population increases often test existing systems which have not allowed for ready or scalable expansion.
  • the size of treatment plants is also a problem, and many regions do not have sufficient available land space for standard treatment plants - particularly oxidation ponds - or land is only available at a high premium.
  • electrocoagulation which was originally developed for treating bilge water from ships before discharge. This relies on electrically conductive plates acting as anode and cathode to coagulate and precipitate many ionic species and suspended solids.
  • electrocoagulation there are a number of disadvantages associated with electrocoagulation. These include: i) dissolution of sacrificial electrodes into discharge water; ii) a need to regularly replace sacrificial electrodes; iii) a relatively high use of electricity can be expensive; iv) oxide formation on a cathode affects efficiency; v) high conductivity in the waste water is required.
  • an array of elements comprising a plurality of elements each possessing a conductive core which may be surrounded by a layer of less conductance. The elements are separated and of which a first group of one or more elements are electrically connected into an electrically connected set to form a first electrode and of which a second group of one or more elements are electrically connected into an electrically connected set to form a second electrode.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the surrounding layer may be substantially non-conductive.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the surrounding layer may comprise an insulator.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the conductive core of an element may be metallic.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the conductive core of an element may be stainless steel, such as 316L.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the array may comprises two or more electrically connected sets of elements forming a respective two or more electrodes.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which elements from one electrically connected set may be interleaved with elements from another electrically connected set.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which there maybe two electrically connected sets, the elements of each the set being interleaved in an alternating arrangement.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, which a separator element maybe substantially nonconductive.
  • a separator element may contain ferromagnetic material.
  • a separator element may contain a material capable of exhibiting magnetic properties.
  • a separator element may possesses ferromagnetic properties.
  • a separator element may be porous to fluid flow.
  • a separator element may include cation exchange material.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the average pore size of the separator element may be within a range of 12-50 microns.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the average pore size of the separator element may be within a range of 20 ⁇ 5 microns.
  • the separator element may contain one or more apertures passing through the body.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the array of elements may be housed in a fluid tight chamber.
  • ther.e is provided an array of elements, substantially as described above, in which the arrangement of elements in the chamber may be arranged to be in the path of a flow of fluid.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which there may be present two electrically connected sets with alternating interleaved elements, the potential being alternately applied to each set.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the potential may be alternately applied to the electrodes at a frequency exceeding 25Hz.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the potential may be alternately applied to the electrodes every ten seconds.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the potential may be alternately applied to the electrodes at a frequency within the inclusive range of 30 to 250Hz.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the applied potential may be within the inclusive range of IkV ⁇ 0.25kV.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which a magnetic field may be created between adjacent elements.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the field strength may be 60 kGauss, or greater.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which the field strength may be 110 kGauss, or greater.
  • an array of elements substantially as described above, in which parameters comprising potential and frequency may be selected to produce, when array is immersed in a fluid including water, at least one member of the group of preferred generated moieties comprising: oxygen radicals, ozone, and hydroxyl ions.
  • a water treatment assembly comprising an array of elements, substantially as described above, which may comprise at least one electrically connected set of elements interleaved with elements from another electrically connected set, or passive non-connected elements, the elements being separated in distance, being substantially plate-like, and arranged substantially coextensive with each other, the elements being arranged in a chamber through which fluid may flow in proximity to the elements, the elements of an electrically connected set being attachable to an electric potential.
  • a water treatment assembly substantially as described above, in which the elements may be separated by separator elements, substantially as described above.
  • a water treatment assembly substantially as described above, in which an electric potential may be applied, in a manner substantially as described above.
  • a water treatment assembly substantially as described above, in which the water treatment assembly may be for sterilizing the water with respect to microbial and bacterial agents.
  • a method of treating water comprising use of a water treatment assembly, substantially as described above, in which a potential may be repeatedly applied to elements of an electrically connected set.
  • the treatment may comprise sterilization of the water against microbial or bacterial agents.
  • a method of treating water substantially as described above, in which the applied potential may be within the inclusive range of IkV ⁇ 0.25kV.
  • a method of treating water substantially as described above, in which a magnetic field may be created between adjacent elements.
  • a water treatment system which may comprise a water treatment assembly, substantially as described above, in conjunction with one or more of, a screen process for removing solids, a hydrogen production plant, and an incinerator at least partly fuelled by hydrogen from a hydrogen production plant.
  • a water treatment system substantially as described above, in which the hydrogen production plant comprising a water treatment assembly, substantially as described above, whose operating parameters may be adjusted to preferentially produce hydrogen gas.
  • a water treatment system substantially as described above, in which the applied potential may be alternately applied to the electrodes at a frequency within the range 30-60 Hz, inclusive.
  • an element for use in an apparatus such as described above the element which may comprise a substantially plate-like conductive core surrounded by a material of low or nil conductivity.
  • an element substantially as described above, in which low or nil conductivity may apply during normal operating parameters of the element.
  • an element, substantially as described above which also may include provision for connecting to an electrical circuit.
  • the surrounding material may be a plastics material.
  • the conductive core may be a metal.
  • an element substantially as described above, in which one or more apertures may be provided through a plate.
  • separator element for use in apparatus such as described above, wherein the separator element may be porous to water flow, such as to better distribute O 3 .
  • a separator element substantially as described above, which a separator element may be substantially nonconductive.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which a separator element may contain ferromagnetic material.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which a separator element may contain a material capable of exhibiting magnetic properties.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which a separator element may possess ferromagnetic properties.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which a separator element may be porous to fluid flow.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which the fluid may be water.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which the average pore size of the separator element may be within the range 12 - 50 microns.
  • a separator element substantially as described above, in which the average pore size of the separator element may be within the range 20 ⁇ 5 microns.
  • separator element substantially as described above, in which the separator element may contain one or more apertures passing through the body.
  • the apparatus may comprise an array of elements.
  • Each element may be preferably plate-like, though other configurations may be adopted in different embodiments.
  • the elements of the array may be preferably substantially aligned to be coextensive with each other.
  • the shape of each element may be identical or similar, though this may vary in other embodiments, although at least part of individual elements in an array may overlie its neighbors, when viewed along the array's longitudinal axis.
  • the elements of the array may be separated in distance from each other. This distance is dependent on a number of factors, including plate size, but more particularly operating parameters, such as the applied electrical potential in working embodiments. Most working embodiments may rely on a preferred electric and/or magnetic field to be produced between plates, and this field may also be dependent upon the distance of separation.
  • Each plate may comprise a conductive core.
  • This may be a metal, with a preferred metal in experimental prototypes being a stainless steel. However other metals, alloys, and sandwich metal construction may be used. Conductive non-metals may also be considered. Ferromagnetic metals such as nickel, and iron (and some of its alloys) may be considered in some embodiments as possibly enhancing the properties of the invention under some working parameters.
  • the elements of the present invention differ from those in electrocoagulation are that they may be encapsulated or coated in a material of less conductance.
  • This material may be a non-conductor or insulator, though materials of relatively low conductance may be considered in some instances. Preferably though, these materials will not act as a sacrificial electrode as in electrocoagulation apparatus.
  • the elements may be coated in a plastics or ceramic material.
  • the conductance properties referred to are under normal operating parameters in a working embodiment.
  • the elements of the array may be separated by a distance, this distance being at least part influenced by the magnitude of the electric/magnetic field to be produced under normal operating conditions.
  • An option, exercised in certain embodiments, is to use separator elements. These are substantially nonconductive, though may possess other properties.
  • the separators may merely comprise a non-conductive material such as a plastics material, or ceramic type material
  • a non-conductive material such as a plastics material, or ceramic type material
  • current trials are proceeding with embodiments incorporating ferromagnetic materials in the separator element, hi these elements, the ferromagnetic material is New Zealand West Coast iron sand, which has been chosen for convenience and its relative stability in aqueous environments. However this does not preclude use of other ferromagnetic materials in other embodiments.
  • the trials are investigating the effect of the ferromagnetic separators on the generated electric and magnetic fields (between plates in working embodiments) and their effects on the overall efficacy of the process (of particular methods of the present invention).
  • the ferromagnetic materials are not usually in electrical or conducting contact with the fluid, i.e., they are normally insulated therefrom.
  • the process may be a flow process where there is a continuous flow of water through the array.
  • separator plates used in such embodiments may be porous to allow water flow. Additional larger apertures may also be provided to assist in flow, though the porous structure potentially provides some benefits. For instance, in a porous element made up of bonded iron and other sands (typical pore size around 15- 25 microns) each water molecule (and material dissolved/suspended therein) must travel a relatively tortuous path from one side of a separator element to the other. This increased distance also increases the probability of interactions with radicals and moieties which may be present in a working embodiment.
  • an array there may be at least one set of elements which are electrically interconnected. These may be interleaved with the other elements, such as in an alternating arrangement.
  • each set may be interleaved, and may be in an alternating arrangement with each other.
  • Operation of typical 'two set alternating interleaved' embodiment generally requires the connection of each set (of electrically connected elements) to a source of electric potential. Such connection creates a potential difference between adjacent elements, though these are not electrically connected. This potential difference creates an electric and potentially a magnetic field (under the correct conditions) between the adjacent plates. However, in operation, rather than relying on a static field, the potential is alternately applied to the two electrically connected sets of elements. This creates constantly changing electric and magnetic fields. In effect, one set of plates may act as a radiator and the other as a reflector.
  • the array may be generally immersed in fluid, typically water to be treated.
  • fluid typically water to be treated.
  • the elements may be insulated, standard electrolysis, such as occurs in electrocoagulation, does not typically occur.
  • the subject of continuing experimentation by the inventor suggest the formation of a variety of radicals and ions. Amongst these radicals are thought to be ozone or oxygen radicals, whose strong oxygenating potential provides sterilization properties. Accordingly one application of working embodiments of the present invention may be for the sterilization of water.
  • Preliminary trials have also suggested that the frequency by which the potential is alternately applied to the electrodes also has a bearing on the formation of different species. At lower switching frequencies, typically less than 70 Hz, for instance, production of hydrogen gas is prevalent.
  • Other operational parameters which may be varied include the magnitude of the electric potential, the signal type (i.e., square wave, pulse wave, triangular wave, or combinations thereof) and frequency of the potential, and also the generated field strengths.
  • the potential may be a pulse wave at a frequency of 120 Mhz, combined with two triangular waves, one being 100 MHz below the pulse wave frequency (e.g., 20 MHz) and one 100 MHz above the pulse wave frequency (e.g., 220 MHz).
  • an array of elements and interleaved separator plates are typically housed in a chamber.
  • Cross-sectional dimensions of the chamber may be comparable to that of the elements and separators.
  • the separators may be porous, and the conductive elements may have one or more apertures there through to allow for water flow.
  • the fluid inlet may be provided at one end and the outlet at the other.
  • the flow rate will need to be determined by experimentation though experience may also be applied. The flow rate determines the time spent within the chamber, and this should be sufficient to adequately treat or sterilize the water. This time, of course, will be dependent on at least the type and extent of contamination. Water contaminated with high counts or amount of biological matter, or which contains resistant organisms, may require longer treatment times. Hence this will influence the flow rate through a column of a particular size, or suggest a longer column, or different operating parameters.
  • the present invention may have application where the sterilization, oxidation, or potential inactivation of pathogens or biologicals have benefit. This includes the sterilization of drinking water, waste water treatment, including both sewage and industrial waste, and even the treatment of natural water supplies and reservoirs.
  • the present invention may also have an effect on dissolved species within waste or untreated water, including certain ions and anions. Further development is proceeding on the potential of the present invention to remove such species.
  • cationic materials may be included within at least some of the separator elements to target specific ions.
  • Special filters, such as activated charcoal, may be used to remove specific entities or dissolved gases.
  • the water treatment apparatus in a full water treatment arrangement, may be coupled with pre-screening processes to remove solids from the water to be treated. These may be routed to an incinerator.
  • the water may then pass through one or more sets of water treatment apparatus such as previously described. Typically their operating parameters will be optimized for the production of oxygenating species, though can vary according to specific conditions and requirements.
  • a post treatment stage may be provided, where the parameters are optimized more for the production of hydrogen, though still providing some sterilization activity. Hydrogen drawn from this stage may be used to partially fuel an incinerator, if provided.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagrammatic view of elements of an array according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view one embodiment of a waste treatment process according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a treatment tube according to an aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a waste treatment process according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of waveforms utilized in accordance with one aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of an array 1 in accordance with an aspect of the invention. For simplicity only a few of the elements of the array 1 are shown.
  • the array 1 includes a first conductive element 2 connected to a first electrical circuit A.
  • the first conductive element 2 comprises a central conductive disc 3 of a marine grade stainless steel.
  • a central aperture 4 allows for increased water flow, though water also flows past circumferential edges of the disc 3.
  • the disc 3 is typically around 2mm thick and is dimensioned to fit into a
  • the array 1 also includes a second conductive element 10, also shown.
  • the second conductive element is of identical construction to the first conductive element 2, although it is connected to a second electrical circuit B.
  • the array 1 will likely include a plurality of each of the first and second conductive elements 2, 10, alternately repeated in the array 1.
  • the plurality of first conductive elements 2 are electrically coupled to collectively form a first electrode 16 and the plurality of second conductive elements 10 are electrically coupled to collectively form a second electrode 18.
  • separator elements 20 Positioned between the conductive elements 2, 10 are separator elements 20.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the components in a spaced apart arrangement - in practice the separator elements 20 contact the conductive elements 2, 10, in this embodiment.
  • the separator element 20 is formed of a cast and bonded aggregate of coarse sands, and iron sands, with an average pore size of 20 microns to provide for water flow.
  • a central aperture 24 also provides for additional water flow.
  • a resin bonding agent may be used, rather than a cementitious mix, to prolong the life of the separator.
  • Various sintered, ceramic, composite, and plastics materials may also be considered for use.
  • the array 1 is typically housed in a chamber comprising a pipe 25, for which plumbing fittings for connection are readily available.
  • a chamber comprising a pipe 25, for which plumbing fittings for connection are readily available.
  • other embodiments may be constructed differently.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the embodiment of Figure 1 used in a water treatment process.
  • untreated water 40 enters a pre-screening process 41 to remove undissolved solids.
  • Solid waste material is removed and may be directed via a conduit 42 to an incineration process 43.
  • Pre-treated water then enters a first water treatment stage 44 comprising a chamber with an array of elements such as described in Figure 1.
  • a variable frequency, variable waveform, variable power output, power supply 45 applies a potential, typically around 1 kV, alternately to the first and second electrodes 16, 18.
  • the power supply 45 may alternate between the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 18 at a switching rate between 100 and 200 times per second. In other situations, the power supply 45 may alternate between the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 18 at a switching rate as low as once every ten seconds.
  • the first water treatment stage 44 seeks to produce oxygenating species, such as O 2 and O 3 , capable of acting on biological material present in the water.
  • the power supply 45 may be fixed, or portable, e.g. a generator or battery supply. This allows for an option of a portable sterilization unit comprising primarily a small chamber such as 44 and ideally with a prescreening filter element.
  • a pump, powered or manual (not shown), may also be provided.
  • second water treatment stage 46 This may be of similar construction to stage 44 and may even comprise elements incorporated into the same chamber as stage 44.
  • a second power supply 47 similar to the first power supply 45, similarly provides a potential alternately between the two sets of elements, possibly at a different, perhaps lower switching rate, typically under 70 Hz.
  • operation parameters favor production of hydrogen, though it may still provide sterilization activity.
  • This hydrogen may be removed via a second conduit 48, and fed to the incinerator 43 as a fuel.
  • an array may have a potential alternately applied to the first and second electrodes 16, 18 at a particular ⁇ switching rate, it is also possible that this switching rate may be varied during operation of an array. Hence the array may operate at one switching rate for a particular period, and then operate at another switching rate for another period. This increases the number of options available to a user for altering the performance and characteristics of a unit, and to meet different water and treatment requirements.
  • the twice treated water can then enter a final processing stage 49 which can perform any final treatment processes. These processes may include fluoridation, chlorination, and other specific treatments to alter the quality of the water, or improve the longevity of the water as potable water.
  • the final output 50 should be potable water. It is noted that this is but one possible application of an array of the present invention into a water treatment arrangement.
  • the apparatus of the present invention purifies such fluids as sewage water, industrial waste and sea water. It does not require conventional filters, chemicals, or electrolysis and is completely scalable.
  • the system operates at an energy demand of approximately 2.4 IcW, 10 amps at 220 volts, is compact in design and has no moving parts.
  • the method of treatment derives from a use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
  • NMR is a founding basis for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is used extensively in the medical radiology field for analysis.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • NMR is a phenomenon where nuclei of certain atoms resonate when exposed to an oscillating magnetic field.
  • the system uses the arrays 1 that generate NMR for molecular manipulation in water.
  • NMR applied in waste water (i) disrupts molecular bonds of atoms of impurities to be removed from the waste water, causing the atoms to separate and form natural bonds, (ii) promotes oxidation, and (iii) alters the polarity of the atoms, when necessary and on demand.
  • the apparatus operates as an inline system. Contaminated water enters and passes through a series of treatment chambers. The number of treatment chambers or stages is determined by the number of harmful contaminants to be removed from the water. Chamber size is determined by the desired flow rate.
  • contaminated water enters the apparatus at the entry point 40.
  • the arrays 1 in each stage 44, 46 emit an oscillating magnetic field at precise frequencies. The particular frequencies, and the number of stages, are determined based upon the particular impurities to be removed from the waste water. These frequencies combined, form harmonic magnetic fields and allow for molecular manipulation.
  • Each magnetic field is generated by the array 1 of electromagnetic transceivers (EMT), described above, which are installed inside each stage.
  • EMT electromagnetic transceivers
  • Each EMT is preferably operated by one programmable electronic control unit (ECU).
  • NMR in water causes the separation, flocculation and coagulation of the impurities (precipitate) from the waste water.
  • the internal design of each of the stages 44, 46 allows the precipitate to exit via a precipitate trap.
  • the treated water exits via a second exit point and either passes into another stage for additional treatment or completely exits the system.
  • a commercially scaled apparatus 50 is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the apparatus 50 is in the form of a tank and, in this embodiment, includes four serially coupled chambers 52, individually identified as 52a-52d, and three precipitate traps • 54, individually identified as 54a-54c.
  • Each of the chambers 52 includes twenty treatment tubes 56 fluidly coupled via a manifold 58.
  • Treatment tubes 56 disposed in the first chamber 52a are referenced as 52a (only partially illustrated to visually expose other structure). Treatment tubes disposed in the second, third and fourth chambers 52b-d are respectively referenced. The top surface of the treatment tubes 56 are at a level below that of the top surface of the wall of the precipitate traps 54.
  • the treatment tubes 56 are fifty-eight inches (1.5 m) in length and 20 inches
  • the treatment tubes 56 include an outer housing 60 and twenty concentric stainless steel tubes 62 disposed therein, extending radially outwardly from a centermost tube 62 ' to an outermost tube 62 20 , with the tubes there between similarly numbered.
  • the concentric tubes 62 are radially spaced 10 mm apart.
  • the odd numbered tubes 62'-62 ⁇ for each of the treatment tubes 56 are electrically interconnected by a first connector 63 a to form the first electrode 16 and the even numbered tubes 62 2 -62 20 of each of the treatment tubes 56 are electrically interconnected by a second connector 63b to form the second electrode 18.
  • the power supply 45 has a first output coupled to the first electrode 16 of each of the twenty treatment tubes 56a of the first chamber 52a and a second output coupled to the second electrode 18 of each of the twenty treatment tubes 56a of the first chamber 52a.
  • the power supply 45 may also have additional outputs coupled to the first electrode 16 and second electrode 18 of each of the twenty treatment tubes 56 of the other chamber s 52b-d, or this function may be performed by one or more other power supplies.
  • the power supply 45 produces a potential to energize the first and second electrodes 16, 18 of the first stage as a sum of first, second and third signals 70a, b, c.
  • the first signal 70a is a pulse wave (80% reference to an NMR table at an appropriate energy.
  • the second and third signals 70b, 70c are saw tooth waveforms, 100 MHz above and below the 120 MHz frequency of the first signal 70a, or 20 Mhz and 220 Mhz, respectively. These particular frequencies and waveforms were determine by experimentation.
  • the first electrode 16 will be energized for ten seconds, then the second electrode 18 will be energized for ten seconds, and so on.
  • first and second electrodes 16, 18 of the treatment tubes 56 of the remaining chambers 52b-d will be similarly energized, at frequencies, waveshapes and electrode switching rates best suited for the contaminants to be removed from that particular one of the chambers 52.
  • the operating parameters may be selected in view of both the elements that are present in the molecular constituents of the contaminated water (e.g., the water itself) and the interatomic bonds of those molecules (e.g., the H-O bond in water).
  • the operating parameters may be selected (1) based on the NMR frequency of a target element that is desired to be cleaved from its molecule (thereby forming a reactive species in solution), and (2) to provide sufficient energy to exceed the interatomic bond energy for any bonds that are desired to be broken.
  • the magnetic field generated in the treatment tubes 56 induces the dissociation of molecular constituents of the contaminated water into reactive species.
  • the reactive species preferably include hydrogen, oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • the reactive species may be in the form of free radicals, molecules, ions, or combinations thereof.
  • the reactive species then randomly react to form a variety of products, which can include the original reactants in addition to new products.
  • the water treatment apparatus does not induce a specific reaction or set of reactions; instead, it induces the formation of reactive species that randomly form products based on the instantaneous composition of the contaminated water stream.
  • the dissolved contaminants in the contaminated water eventually, via the random, repetitive process of reactive species formation, react with the reactive species to form water-insoluble contaminants that precipitate from the contaminated water stream.
  • biological contaminants in the contaminated water may be sterilized in the presence the reactive species.
  • fluid such as water
  • fluid to be treated enters the apparatus 50 via an entry port 64, flows through the first manifold 58a and upwardly through the first set of treatment tubes 56a, energized as described above, and flows outwardly from tops of the first set of treatment tubes 56a.
  • Selected contaminants will precipitate out of solution in the fluid.
  • the fluid will fill the first chamber 52a to a level of the first precipitate trap 54a.
  • the precipitate in the fluid will rise to the surface of the fluid in the chamber 52a and cascade into the first precipitate trap 54a, along with some of the fluid. Even if the precipitate is heavier than water, gas formation and fluid mechanics will still tend to cause the precipitate to rise to the surface.
  • the balance of the fluid will flow through the first set of bypass pipes 59a from the first chamber 52a to the second chamber 52b, bypassing the first precipitate trap 54a.
  • the fluid now entering the second bypass chamber 52b, flows through the second manifold 58b and through the second set of treatment tubes 56b, flowing outwardly from tops of the first set of treatment tubes 56b.
  • the fluid will fill the second chamber 52b to the level of the second precipitate trap 54b.
  • Precipitate in the fluid will float to the surface and cascade into the second precipitate trap 54b, along with some of the fluid as well.
  • the balance of the fluid will flow through the second set of bypass pipes 59b from the second chamber 59b to the third chamber 59c, bypassing the second precipitate trap 54b.

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil destiné à éliminer les contaminants d'une eau contaminée. L'appareil précité comprend un boîtier comportant un port d'entrée destiné à recevoir l'eau contaminée, un premier réseau disposé dans le boîtier comprenant un premier élément conducteur et un second élément conducteur, et une alimentation comprenant un circuit couplé au réseau afin de mettre en alternance sous tension et hors tension le premier élément conducteur et créer un champ magnétique dans le boîtier, le champ magnétique étant suffisant pour induire la formation d'une espèce réactive à partir de l'eau contaminée.
PCT/US2006/017630 2005-05-09 2006-05-08 Ameliorations apportees aux procedes de traitement de l'eau WO2006121976A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NZ2007/000105 WO2007129920A2 (fr) 2006-05-08 2007-05-08 amÉliorations apportÉes À l'extraction de composants de fluides

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ53991005 2005-05-09
NZ539910 2005-05-09
US73751105P 2005-11-17 2005-11-17
US60/737,511 2005-11-17

Publications (2)

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WO2006121976A2 true WO2006121976A2 (fr) 2006-11-16
WO2006121976A3 WO2006121976A3 (fr) 2007-08-09

Family

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PCT/US2006/017630 WO2006121976A2 (fr) 2005-05-09 2006-05-08 Ameliorations apportees aux procedes de traitement de l'eau
PCT/NZ2006/000099 WO2006121348A2 (fr) 2005-05-09 2006-05-09 Ameliorations apportees a des procedes de traitement de l'eau

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ2006/000099 WO2006121348A2 (fr) 2005-05-09 2006-05-09 Ameliorations apportees a des procedes de traitement de l'eau

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Cited By (1)

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WO2021081681A1 (fr) * 2019-10-29 2021-05-06 Saving Solutions Spa. Système de séparation de liquides et de solides

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ES2351292B1 (es) * 2008-09-26 2011-11-21 Watermin S.A. Dispositivo y procedimiento para la formación de compuestos químicos insolubles.

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US5746904A (en) * 1996-03-05 1998-05-05 Lee; Ming Shing Method, apparatus and system for continuously treating water body
US6358398B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2002-03-19 Applied Oxidation Technologies (2000) Inc. Waste water treatment method and apparatus

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JPH07313984A (ja) * 1994-05-26 1995-12-05 Nec Kansai Ltd 電気分解装置用電極
US5876575A (en) * 1995-09-05 1999-03-02 Kump; Joseph A. Method and apparatus for treatment of water
JP3385914B2 (ja) * 1997-05-29 2003-03-10 松下電工株式会社 電解式脱リン装置
IL137892A (en) * 1998-02-27 2004-06-20 Scott Wade Powell METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTROCOGULATION OF LIQUIDS
WO2001090443A1 (fr) * 2000-05-22 2001-11-29 Abb Power T & D Company Inc. Structure capacitive de cellules de desionisation destinee a reguler une electrolyse
DE20315557U1 (de) * 2003-10-07 2004-02-12 Arneth, Borros Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage

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US5746904A (en) * 1996-03-05 1998-05-05 Lee; Ming Shing Method, apparatus and system for continuously treating water body
US6358398B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2002-03-19 Applied Oxidation Technologies (2000) Inc. Waste water treatment method and apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021081681A1 (fr) * 2019-10-29 2021-05-06 Saving Solutions Spa. Système de séparation de liquides et de solides
CN114650969A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2022-06-21 赛维英解决方案股份公司 液体和固体的共振分离系统
GB2609717A (en) * 2019-10-29 2023-02-15 Saving Solutions Spa System for separating liquids and solids
CN114650969B (zh) * 2019-10-29 2024-03-29 赛维英解决方案股份公司 液体和固体的共振分离系统

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WO2006121976A3 (fr) 2007-08-09
WO2006121348A3 (fr) 2007-03-29
WO2006121348A2 (fr) 2006-11-16

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