WO2006120323A1 - Outil d’etalonnage et machine de meulage comportant un tel outil - Google Patents
Outil d’etalonnage et machine de meulage comportant un tel outil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006120323A1 WO2006120323A1 PCT/FR2006/001005 FR2006001005W WO2006120323A1 WO 2006120323 A1 WO2006120323 A1 WO 2006120323A1 FR 2006001005 W FR2006001005 W FR 2006001005W WO 2006120323 A1 WO2006120323 A1 WO 2006120323A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- calibration tool
- shafts
- probing
- support
- piezoelectric element
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
- B24B47/225—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation for bevelling optical work, e.g. lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
- B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
- B24B9/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of optical work, e.g. lenses, prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
- G01B7/008—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
- G01B7/012—Contact-making feeler heads therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a calibration tool for a machine for grinding an ophthalmic lens comprising two half-shafts carrying glass carried by a carriage and means for moving said half-shafts, and a grinding machine comprising such a tool.
- the carriage is moved in translation along an axis parallel to the axis of the half-shafts glass holder by a stepping motor translation, until a motor pitch does not correspond to any movement.
- the object of the invention is to propose a more precise calibration tool that does not risk damaging grinding wheels or the auxiliary tools of the grinding machine.
- the subject of the invention is a calibration tool of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a support adapted to be mounted on the glass holder half-shafts, at least one piezoelectric element fixed to the support and at least one feeler member carried by the support, the feeler member comprising a feeler region and at least one support surface adapted, upon contact between the feeler region and a surface of the grinding, applying a pressure on the piezoelectric element to generate therefrom a detection signal of said contact.
- the calibration tool comprises one or more of the following characteristics:
- the feeler member is mounted movably relative to the support, and is able to move relative thereto during a contact between the sensing region and a surface of the grinding machine,
- the support comprises at least one stop for limiting the displacement stroke of the probing region of the feeler member
- the probing member comprises at least two bearing surfaces, each of which is capable of applying pressure to two distinct faces of the piezoelectric element, and the piezoelectric element is capable of generating two detection signals, each of which is characteristic of the face; on which the pressure is applied;
- the probing member comprises a bent portion connecting a fastening portion fixed to the elastic element, to a contact portion, the fastening portion being able to move only in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the halves; glass-holder shafts, during the displacement of the contact portion in a direction perpendicular and in a direction parallel to the axis of the half-shafts glass holder; -
- the probing region of the probing member is adapted to move only in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the half-shafts glass holder;
- the or each piezoelectric element comprises a piezoelectric blade rigidly fixed at one end to the support and projecting therefrom, said bearing surface of the feeler being adapted to cooperate with the free end of the piezoelectric blade;
- the elastic element comprises a resilient membrane mounted on the support near the piezoelectric element so as to have a face facing the piezoelectric element and an opposite face, the bearing surface of the probing element being fixed on the opposite face of the elastic membrane so that the bearing surface is able to apply pressure to the piezoelectric element by deformation of the elastic membrane, during movement of the feeler member; and the elastic element is a thin blade.
- the invention also relates to a grinding machine of the type comprising two half-shafts carrying glass carried by a carriage and means for moving said half-shafts characterized in that it comprises a calibration tool as mentioned above. -above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a grinding machine comprising a set of wheels and supporting a calibration tool according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a front view of a portion of the grinding machine illustrated in Figure 1, with further auxiliary tooling not shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view on a larger scale of the calibration tool of FIGS. 1 and 2;
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of a piezoelectric blade mounted in the calibration tool illustrated in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the calibration tool illustrated in FIG. 3, during a contact between the latter and a grinding wheel when the contact force is directed in a direction parallel to the axis of the half-trees glass holder;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view similar to the view illustrated in Figure 5, when the contact force is directed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the half-shafts glass holder.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A grinding machine 2 intended to receive the calibration tool according to the invention is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- This machine 2 comprises a fixed frame 4, a grinding assembly 6 and a carriage 8 for supporting ophthalmic lenses, mounted on the frame 4, and means 10 for relative movement of the carriage 8 with respect to the grinding assembly 6.
- the grinding assembly 6 comprises a wheel set 12 rotatably mounted around a first horizontal axis A-A 'in the frame 4 and driven in rapid rotation by a motor 14.
- the wheel set 12 is composed of several wheels mounted juxtaposed and integrally on a grinding wheel shaft 26. It is constituted for example by a grinding wheel 16 for roughening mineral glasses, a grinding wheel 18 for plucking synthetic glasses, a wheel 20 of bevelled finish provided with a circular groove 22, and a bevelling polishing wheel 24 provided with a circular groove 28.
- the carriage 8 is articulated around a second axis XX 'of tilting, situated at the rear of the plane of FIG. 1 and parallel to the first axis A-A', which axis AA 'is contained in the plane of FIG.
- the carriage 8 is provided with half-shafts 30 and 32 and a motor 34 for slowly rotating the driving half-shaft 30.
- the half-shafts 30 and 32 are arranged along a third axis BB 'horizontal, parallel to the first axis A-A'. They are provided with free ends 36 and 38 facing each other, adapted to clamp the ophthalmic lens to be grinded during a grinding operation or to maintain a calibration tool 40 during an operation. measuring the position of the grinding wheels or the position of a tool-holder assembly described below.
- the means 10 for relative movement of the carriage 8 with respect to the grinding assembly 6 comprise means (not shown) for displacing the axial direction of the grinding assembly 6 along a support rod 11 parallel to the axis AA 1 , and substantially radial displacement means 8 of the carriage relative to the axis A-A ', constituted by tilting means about the axis X'-X between a carriage position away from the axis AA 'and an active position in the vicinity of the axis A-A'.
- the tilting means comprise a vertical screw jack 41 driven by a motor 42, a key 43 integral with a nut 44 screwed onto the screw 41 and locked in rotation, and a spring 45.
- the upper end of the key 43 is intended to come into contact with an abutment of the carriage 8 adjacent to the axis BB 'for controlling the tilting of the carriage towards the axis A-A'.
- the spring 45 urges the carriage towards the key 43.
- the grinding machine 2 also comprises a tool-holder assembly 54 shown solely in FIG. 2 integral with the grinding wheel set 12 along the axis AA 1 , means for pivoting the assembly 54 about a perpendicular axis D. to the axis AA 'and intersecting this axis.
- the tool-holder assembly 54 comprises a base 56, a linkage arm 58 projecting from the base 56, and a tool-holder shaft 60 rotatably mounted at the free end of the arm 58 around an axis substantially orthogonal to this one.
- the tool shaft 60 carries a grooving wheel 62, a counter-bevel grinding wheel 64 and at its end a drilling bit 66.
- the calibration tool 40 according to a first embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically in FIG.
- This comprises a support 68 on which a contact detector 70 and a member 72 for probing the grinding wheels are mounted.
- the support 68 of parallelepipedal or cylindrical general shape, has an upper face 74, a lower face 76 and two lateral faces 78 and 80.
- the side faces 78 and 80 are provided with recesses 82, 84 adapted to be engaged on the ends 36 and 38 of the half shafts of the carriage.
- Each side face 78, 80 extends downwards to form a first support arm 86 and a second support arm 88.
- the second arm 88 is provided at its end with an axial wall 90 directed towards the arm 86.
- the contact detector 70 comprises a horizontal piezoelectric plate 92 rigidly fixed by one end to the inner face 94 of the first arm 86 and connected by electric wires 96, 98 to an electrical circuit 99 carried by the support 68.
- the piezoelectric plate 92 consists of different superimposed layers and successively comprising a first resin protection layer 100 forming an outer face 101 of the piezoelectric element 92, a second piezoelectric ceramic layer 102, a third titanium layer 104, a fourth piezoelectric ceramic layer 106 and finally a last resin layer 108 forming the other outer face 110 of the piezoelectric element.
- the electrical wires 96, 98 are each welded to one of the ceramic layers 102, 106 to transmit to the electrical circuit 99 a current generated by a bearing on one of the outer faces 101, 110 creating a microdeformation of the piezoelectric blade 92.
- the crystals of the ceramic layers 102 and 106 have a polarization opposite each other, so that the direction of the current varies according to the face on which the support is exerted.
- the circuit 99 is able to detect the presence of such a current and to generate a contact detection signal transmitted to the grinding machine.
- the feeler member 72 is adapted to engage the surfaces of the grinding wheels and to move to transmit pressure to the piezoelectric element 92 upon such contact.
- it is fixed on the inner face 112 of the second arm 88 by means of a horizontal elastic thin strip 114 constituted, for example, of spring steel or cupro-beryllium.
- the probe member 72 is formed by a rigid rod 116 comprising a rectilinear and horizontal fixing portion 118 fixed to the elastic blade 114 in the extension thereof, a bent portion 120 and a rectilinear contact portion 122 which extends protruding from the support 68 in a direction perpendicular to the axis BB 'and which is provided at its end with a probe tip 124.
- Two lugs 128, 130 are formed protruding on the contact portion
- the lugs 128 and 130 each comprise a bearing face 132, 134 facing the piezoelectric blade 92, each capable of applying a force bearing on an outer face of the piezoelectric blade 92 during the displacement of the feeler member 72.
- Two adjustable stops 136 and 138 for limiting the displacement stroke of the probing member 72 are mounted on the support 68 on either side of the contact portion 122 to limit its movement to within plus or minus 50 micrometers, in order to to prevent a rupture of the piezoelectric blade 92 under the effect of the support exerted by the lugs 128 and 130.
- stops for example consisting of micrometer screws, are fixed one on the inner face of the wall 90 and the other vis-à-vis on the lower face 76 of the support.
- the contact force is directed in a direction parallel to the axis BB 'and the feeler member 72 is pivoted by bending the elastic blade 114.
- the bearing face 132 of the lug 128 exerts a force on the upper outer face 110 of the piezoelectric blade 92. This force generates a current detected by the electrical circuit 99, which transmits a contact detection signal to the grinding machine.
- the contact force is directed in a direction perpendicular to the axis BB and the feeler member 72 also pivots by bending the blade 114.
- the bearing face 134 of the lug 130 exerts a pressure on the lower face 101 of the piezoelectric blade. This pressure generates a current detected by the electrical circuit 99, which itself produces a contact detection signal.
- the feeler member 72 is able to exert pressure on the free end of the piezoelectric blade 92, and the flexion thereof is limited by the stops 136 and 138.
- the fixing portion 118 of the probe member moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis B-B '.
- the calibration tool 40 makes it possible to know precisely the diameter of the grinding wheels on their ice part and at the bottom of the bevel, the lateral fall-out of the grinding wheels, the position of the groove of the grinding wheel and the position of the groove of the grinding wheel. in order to adjust the precise size of the diameter of the glass to be grinded.
- the calibration tool 40 also makes it possible to know the axial position of the two inclined faces of the counter-bevel grinding wheel, the axial position of the grooving wheel, the axial position of the end of the drill bit and finally the horizontality of the tool shaft, without damaging the tool holder assembly.
- the calibration tool 40 is able to detect forces of the order of a few tenths of a Newton and has an accuracy of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter.
- the calibration tool is constituted by a support adapted to be mounted on the half-shafts glass holder, an encapsulated piezoelectric sensor mounted on the support and a probing member attached to the sensor.
- the encapsulated piezoelectric sensor comprises an open cylindrical housing housing a piezoelectric crystal attached to the bottom of the housing.
- An elastic membrane is mounted on the housing rim to form a closure cap of the housing.
- the elastic membrane is positioned facing the piezoelectric crystal at a small distance from it.
- the probing member is constituted by a rectilinear rod provided at one end with a probing tip and at its other end with a bearing surface fixed on the face of the elastic membrane opposite the face opposite the piezoelectric element.
- the probe member Upon contact between the probe tip and a surface of a grinding wheel or tool of the tool holder assembly, the probe member is moved relative to the housing by deformation of the elastic membrane.
- the bearing surface of the sensing element via the diaphragm, applies a pressure to the piezoelectric crystal. This pressure creates a microdeformation of the piezoelectric crystal, which generates a current detected by an electrical circuit.
- each detector comprising a probe-piezoelectric blade assembly, each detector being active only for a probing direction.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/920,057 US20090104848A1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-05-04 | Calibration tool and a grinder machine including such a tool |
EP06743762A EP1890840A1 (fr) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-05-04 | Outil d'etalonnage et machine de meulage comportant un tel outil |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0504857 | 2005-05-13 | ||
FR0504857A FR2885545B1 (fr) | 2005-05-13 | 2005-05-13 | Outil d'etalonnage et machine de meulage comportant un tel outil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006120323A1 true WO2006120323A1 (fr) | 2006-11-16 |
Family
ID=35519643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2006/001005 WO2006120323A1 (fr) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-05-04 | Outil d’etalonnage et machine de meulage comportant un tel outil |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090104848A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1890840A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20080007266A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101175604A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2885545B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006120323A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5954119B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 | 2016-07-20 | 日本精工株式会社 | ねじ研削盤における砥石の芯出し方法、及び、芯出し用の測定装置 |
JP6236787B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-17 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社ニデック | 眼鏡レンズ加工装置 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3524690A1 (de) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-03-06 | VEB Werkzeugmaschinenkombinat "7. Oktober" Berlin, DDR 1120 Berlin | Messanordung zur erfassung der ist-lage und der topographie eines rotierenden schleifkoerpers |
FR2592949A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-07-17 | Brueel & Kjaer As | Systeme de mesure electromecanique pour la conversion de faibles deplacements en signaux electriques proportionnels, notamment sous forme d'un rugosimetre |
US4702013A (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1987-10-27 | Renishaw Plc | Probe for sensing contact via acceleration |
US20010054237A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Kazuhiko Hidaka | Touch signal probe |
FR2852878A1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-01 | Briot Int | Machine de meulage de verres optiques. |
US20040221465A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-11 | University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Method and apparatus using a closed loop controlled actuator for surface profilometry |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4493168A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-01-15 | Coburn Optical Industries, Inc. | Calibration gauge for computer-controlled lens generator, or the like |
US4866884A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1989-09-19 | Coburn Optical Industries, Inc. | Lens grinding methods and apparatus |
JP3996060B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-22 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社トプコン | 研削加工装置の初期位置設定方法 |
FR2852264B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-02-03 | Briot Int | Procede d'estimation de decalage angulaire, procede d'etalonnage d'une meuleuse de verres optalmiques, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procede d'etalonnage |
-
2005
- 2005-05-13 FR FR0504857A patent/FR2885545B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-04 KR KR1020077027666A patent/KR20080007266A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-05-04 EP EP06743762A patent/EP1890840A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-04 US US11/920,057 patent/US20090104848A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-04 CN CNA2006800164560A patent/CN101175604A/zh active Pending
- 2006-05-04 WO PCT/FR2006/001005 patent/WO2006120323A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3524690A1 (de) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-03-06 | VEB Werkzeugmaschinenkombinat "7. Oktober" Berlin, DDR 1120 Berlin | Messanordung zur erfassung der ist-lage und der topographie eines rotierenden schleifkoerpers |
US4702013A (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1987-10-27 | Renishaw Plc | Probe for sensing contact via acceleration |
FR2592949A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-07-17 | Brueel & Kjaer As | Systeme de mesure electromecanique pour la conversion de faibles deplacements en signaux electriques proportionnels, notamment sous forme d'un rugosimetre |
US20010054237A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Kazuhiko Hidaka | Touch signal probe |
FR2852878A1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-01 | Briot Int | Machine de meulage de verres optiques. |
US20040221465A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-11 | University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Method and apparatus using a closed loop controlled actuator for surface profilometry |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101175604A (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
FR2885545B1 (fr) | 2007-08-10 |
US20090104848A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
KR20080007266A (ko) | 2008-01-17 |
FR2885545A1 (fr) | 2006-11-17 |
EP1890840A1 (fr) | 2008-02-27 |
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