WO2006114052A1 - Épurateur compact servant au dépoussiérage, à la désulfuration et à la dénitruration du gaz de combustion de chaudière à charbon. - Google Patents

Épurateur compact servant au dépoussiérage, à la désulfuration et à la dénitruration du gaz de combustion de chaudière à charbon. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006114052A1
WO2006114052A1 PCT/CN2006/000778 CN2006000778W WO2006114052A1 WO 2006114052 A1 WO2006114052 A1 WO 2006114052A1 CN 2006000778 W CN2006000778 W CN 2006000778W WO 2006114052 A1 WO2006114052 A1 WO 2006114052A1
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Prior art keywords
flue gas
main
reactor
coal
auxiliary
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PCT/CN2006/000778
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daming Li
Xiyuan Zhang
Youhua Zhang
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Daming Li
Xiyuan Zhang
Youhua Zhang
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Publication of WO2006114052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006114052A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/20Intercepting solids by baffles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler accessory device, in particular to an environmentally-friendly coal-fired boiler flue gas desulfurization denitration and dust removal integrated purifier. Background technique
  • the flue gas emitted by coal-fired boilers contains many solid particles and harmful substances, such as soot, S0 2 , NO, N0 2, etc. These harmful substances are not only varieties but also large in quantity, and they vary with the type of coal to be burned. Dust concentration of 10- 50g / m 3 (standard state), S0 2 concentration is 1000-5000mg / m 3 (standard state), NO x concentration is 600-1500mg / m 3 (standard state). Due to the large amount of emissions into the atmosphere, it has caused serious pollution to the environment, and the air index has been greatly reduced, causing humans to cause a variety of diseases, especially the respiratory tract, eyes and blood. At the same time, it also poses a threat to the survival of animals and plants.
  • the magnesium oxide in the soot and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas reflect the magnesium bicarbonate which is very resistant to the absorption of sulfur dioxide to absorb sulfur dioxide:
  • the occurrence of this reaction increases the reaction speed of absorbing sulfur, and can accelerate the linear velocity of the flue gas through the absorption tower. This factor is considered in the design, and the radius of the absorption tower can be appropriately reduced, and the footprint is reduced. Manufacturing costs can also reduce effective calcium consumption by 10-15%.
  • the precipitated magnesium sulfite produced above can absorb sulfur dioxide to form magnesium bisulfite dissolved in water.
  • the large amount of silica and calcium oxide in the soot react to form calcium silicate with high activity for sulfur dioxide.
  • N0 2 entering the liquid phase is selectively catalyzed to N 2 by a reducing agent in the multicomponent high potency enhancer.
  • the optimum conditions for the above reaction are 60-63 ° C under normal pressure and 5-5.5 °.
  • the initial temperature of the flue gas is 15CTC, and the flue gas can be mixed with the normal temperature liquid to obtain the temperature requirement for the reaction, without artificial adjustment, even in the winter in the north, using the thermal insulation capacity of the reactor, the temperature The reaction is still well maintained at 20-35 Torr.
  • boiler sewage can be used as a supplement for the removal medium. Because the temperature of the sewage is 90-100 ° C, the smoke can be heated to 58-68 ° C, which is 10-15 ° above the dew point. C , i prevents fog droplets from forming to prevent corrosion of the device. Moreover, the sewage discharged from the boiler has a certain alkalinity and can be used to adjust the pH of the removal medium. At the same time, dust, sulfur and other residues in the sewage can be discharged after being precipitated in the reaction zone.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an integrated purifier for flue gas desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal of a coal-fired boiler which has a simple structure, low operating cost and comprehensive utilization of resources.
  • the integrated flue gas desulfurization, denitration and dust removal purifier of the coal-fired boiler comprises a purification removal reaction part, and the reaction part comprises a main reactor group located at the inlet end of the flue gas and a side reaction connected thereto at the outlet end of the flue gas
  • the bottom of each of the two reactor groups has a liquid recovery medium, and the bottom of each of the two liquid storage areas is provided with a sewage valve, and the two sewage valves are respectively connected with a main circulation pool and a secondary circulation pool, Circulating pool through rehydration tube
  • the bottom of the main circulation tank is connected with a sedimentation tank connected to the boiler sewage pipe through a water ash conveying system, and the auxiliary circulation pool is connected with the boiler sewage pipe, and an automatic feeding system is further installed on the main circulation pool.
  • a PH control system is installed on each of the main circulation tank and the sedimentation tank.
  • the main reactor group and the sub-reactor group respectively comprise at least one reactor, each reactor has the same shape and size, and each reactor is provided with a partition plate from the top downward flue gas space, and the flue gas space is Divided into left and right spaces, with a flue gas inlet in the upper part of the left space, and a flue gas outlet in the upper part of the right space.
  • the flue gas outlet of the former reactor is connected to the flue gas inlet of the latter reactor, the last one.
  • the flue gas outlet is connected with the mist eliminator, the induced draft fan and the chimney in turn, and each reactor is equipped with a removal medium circulation pump.
  • a removal medium nozzle is arranged under the flue gas inlet, and the inlet of the circulation pump is The medium storage zone connection is removed, and the outlet is connected to the removal medium nozzle through a pipe.
  • the automatic feeding system includes a lime slurry tank, a slurry pump, and a slurry pump pipeline.
  • the PH control system includes a PH sensor, a control valve, an infusion pump, and an infusion tube.
  • the main circulation tank PH control valve is installed on the rehydration pipe between the main and auxiliary circulation tanks.
  • the sedimentation tank PH control valve is installed on the boiler drain pipe connected to the sedimentation tank.
  • the removal efficiency is high. After debugging, the dust removal can reach 99.9%, the desulfurization can reach 98%, the denitrification can reach 85%, and the Ringermann blackness is ⁇ 1 level.
  • the total investment and operating costs are low.
  • the total investment is 195-290 yuan/kw, the operating cost is less than 1 minute/kwh, and the average cost of the three pollutants is 0.33 points/kw.h.
  • Anti-corrosion, anti-corrosion measures are taken inside the equipment.
  • the whole system operates under the condition of PH-5.0-5.5.
  • the corrosion rate of the equipment is the smallest, the service life is long, and the design life is 15-20 years.
  • the equipment is easy to maintain and the maintenance cost is low.
  • the main equipment does not need to be repaired under the condition of full-time operation. It can be repaired only when the unit is overhauled.
  • the maintenance work is mainly focused on the water pump and nozzle. Repair and replacement are not Need to stop.
  • the equipment has a small footprint and can be used in units with small venues.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram showing the structure of a flue gas desulfurization, denitration and dust removal integrated purifier for a coal-fired boiler according to the present invention
  • the purification removal reaction portion is composed of a main reactor group 1 and a sub-reactor group 2, and the main reactor group 1 is composed of three reactors, each reactor from the top down to the removal medium level.
  • the above is equipped with a partitioning plate 3, and the bottoms of the respective reactors of the main reactor group are connected to form a main reactor removal medium storage zone 7.
  • the bottoms of the respective reactors of the sub-reactor group 2 are also connected to form a sub-reactor group removal medium storage zone 8, in which the removal medium 9 is accommodated in the removal medium storage zone 7 and the removal medium storage zone 8.
  • the main reactor group 1 and the sub-reactor group 2 are each equipped with a removal medium circulation pump 4, a flue gas inlet 6A is installed in the upper left space of each reactor, and a flue gas outlet 6B is installed in the upper part of the right space.
  • the flue gas outlet of one reactor is the flue gas inlet of the latter reactor, the flue gas inlet 6A of the first reactor is connected with the boiler flue, and the flue gas outlet 6B of the last reactor is sequentially connected with the demisters, Fan, chimney connection, under the inlet of the flue gas are respectively equipped with a removal medium nozzle 5, smoke 6 from the smoke
  • the gas inlet 6A passes through each reactor in turn, reaches the flue gas outlet, and in the left space of each reactor, the flue gas is mixed with the removal medium under the downstream spray to generate a removal reaction, when the flue gas bypasses the partition plate 3
  • the flue gas is separated from the stripping medium, the flue gas enters the flue gas inlet of the next reactor, and the stripping medium flows into the stripping medium reservoir area 9 at the bottom of the reactor.
  • a main sewage valve 10 and a secondary sewage valve 11 are respectively installed, a main circulation tank 12 is installed under the main sewage valve, and a secondary circulation pool 13 is installed under the secondary sewage sewage.
  • the secondary circulation tank receives the removal reactant discharged from the sewage discharge tank, and the solid residue of the reactant is deposited at the bottom of the circulation tank, and the separated sewage liquid is in the upper part of the circulation pool, and the sewage liquid infusion pump is respectively installed on the main and auxiliary circulation pools. 14.
  • the outlet pipe of the sewage infusion pump is respectively disposed on the liquid level of the reactor group, the dirty liquid is returned to the main and auxiliary reactor groups, and the secondary circulation pool is connected to the main circulation pool through the rehydration pipe 22, and the PH is installed on the main circulation tank.
  • a control system 19 wherein the PH control valve is mounted on the rehydration tube, and the main circulation tank is also connected to the automatic feeding system, wherein the lime slurry tank 16 is connected to the main circulation tank through the pipeline, and the water transportation ash system 15 is installed at the bottom of the main circulation tank
  • the water circulation system 18, the water ash conveying system is connected with the sedimentation tank 17, the waste slag deposited in the slag pool is excavated by the slag slag machine, and the boiler effluent sewage pipe 21 is installed on the secondary circulation pool and the sedimentation tank, and the boiler sewage pipe and the boiler are passed through the boiler.
  • the precipitate pool with PH control system 20 wherein the control valve means PH boiler blowdown water pipe.
  • the flue gas discharged from the boiler first enters the left space of the first reactor in the main reactor group, and the medium discharge nozzle is removed from the reactor to spray the sewage from above into the reaction.
  • the flue gas of the device is driven by the negative pressure generated by the strong water flow sprayed from the sewage.
  • the flue gas is thoroughly mixed with the sewage, and the CaO, the strengthening agent and the catalyst which are added as the desulfurizing agent added to the sewage to be removed are reacted.
  • the flue gas enters the right space after the liquid surface turns, the flue gas is separated from the sewage, the sewage falls into the reactor to remove the medium storage area, the flue gas enters the next reactor from the outlet, and the flue gas and smoke continuously pass through each reactor.
  • the lime and the strengthening agent work together to remove the dust particles, sulfur, and nitrate harmful substances in the flue gas, and the removed product and the soot constitute the waste residue.
  • the sewage valve at the bottom of the reactor is discharged into the main circulation pool along with the removed medium sewage. After the flue gas exits the main reactor group, it continues to enter the sub-reactor group for removal. Should.
  • the NO 2 entering the liquid phase is catalytically reduced to N 2 by a multicomponent high potency enhancer.
  • the flue gas comes out of the last reactor and is discharged into the atmosphere via a mist eliminator, an induced draft fan, and a chimney.
  • the solid wastes such as Mg(HC0 3 ) 2 , MgS0 3 , CaO . Si0 2 and soot produced by the removal reaction enter the main circulation tank in large quantities, enter a small amount into the secondary circulation tank, and finally enter the sedimentation tank, and are separated from the separated medium sewage. Excavated in the sedimentation tank.
  • the PH value is controlled at 5.0-5.5, ⁇ , and when the value is lower than the specified value, the infusion pump and the control valve are started to deliver the cooled boiler sewage from the auxiliary circulation pool to the main circulation pool.
  • the digested lime slurry is automatically pumped from the lime slurry tank of the feeding system into the main circulation tank instead of using the boiler sewage to adjust the enthalpy, on the pool
  • the water ash conveying system continuously removes the waste slag sinking at the bottom of the pool to the sedimentation tank.
  • the boiler sewage is connected to the secondary circulation tank, and the secondary circulation tank is also equipped with a slag removal machine, but the amount of waste residue here is small, and it is removed only when necessary.
  • the secondary reactor group uses the boiler to discharge sewage as a medium, on the one hand, it can remove residual sulfur and dust, and at the same time, it can also use boiler discharge water (90-10(TC) to heat the flue gas above the dew point, ie 58-68 °C. At this time, the temperature of the sewage is suitable for supplying the sewage to the main circulation pool.
  • boiler discharge water 90-10(TC)
  • the sedimentation tank receives the waste slag from the main circulation tank, and the water ash conveying system continuously circulates, and the waste slag is sent to the sedimentation tank.
  • Both the primary and secondary circulation tanks are closed to reduce water evaporation and debris contamination.
  • the coal-fired boiler flue gas desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal integrated purifier is used for boiler flue gas exhausting, and has strong adaptability. All types of boilers with coal as fuel are applicable, high removal efficiency, dust removal , desulfurization, denitrification; low total investment and operating costs, long service life; easy maintenance of equipment, low maintenance costs, the main equipment does not need to be repaired under full-time operation conditions, all water is not discharged, except slag and reaction waste, not There is no pollution, no secondary pollution, and the environment is protected.

Description

燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净化器 技术领域
本发明涉及锅炉附件设备,尤其是有利于环保的燃煤锅炉烟气脱 硫脱硝除尘一体净化器。 背景技术
燃煤锅炉排出的烟气中含有众多的固体颗粒和有害物质, 如烟 尘、 S02、 NO、 N02等, 这些有害物质不仅品种多而且数量大, 它们 随燃煤的品种不同而异, 其中煤尘浓度为 10- 50g/m3 (标态), S02浓 度为 1000-5000mg/m3 (标态), NOx浓度为 600-1500mg/m3 (标态)。 由于大量向大气中排放, 造成了对环境的严重污染, 空气指标大大下 降, 使人类引发了多种疾病, 尤其是对呼吸道、 眼睛、 血液的危害更 为厉害。 同时也对动、 植物的生存造成了威胁, 如酸雨造成了农作物 的枯萎、 死亡, 使农业产量下降, 每一起重大的污染事件都是对人们 敲起的警钟。 在大力发展经济的同时, 必须加强对污染的 ¾理, 将污 染消除在产生阶段。 人们在长期的治理污染保护环境的斗争中, 积累 了不少宝贵的经验,,创造了多种方法和设备,发挥了不同程度的作用, 如在除烟尘方面有了机械力除尘器, 湿式除尘器, 过滤式除尘器和电 除尘器。 在脱硫方面有湿式石灰石-石膏法、 旋转喷雾干燥法、 炉内 喷钙尾部增湿法、 简易湿式石灰石-石膏法、 电子束脱硫脱硝法。 在 脱硝方面还有水吸收法、 酸吸收法、 非选择性催化还原法等。 但是这 些方法和设备都独立使用, 只具备单一的功能, 如要对烟气进行全面 脱硫脱硝除尘处理, 锅炉辅机系统相当庞大, 建设投资高, 工艺流程 长而复杂, 运行费用高, 能耗物耗大, 占地面积大, 脱除效率较低, 修理和操作要求高, 有些关键设备和零部件需要进口。
在燃煤锅炉的烟雾中虽然有大量的有害物质,还存在一些在治理 污染反应中的有用物质,有些治理污染的中间产物还能成为治理另一 种污染的有效物质。将这些有效物质综合利用不仅可以减少外加脱除 剂, 而且可以改善反应条件, 实现 "以废治废", 减少废物废渣、 废 气的排放。
如在反应区内,烟尘中的氧化镁和烟气中的二氧化碳反映生成吸 收二氧化硫能力很强的碳酸氢镁, 以吸收二氧化硫:
MgO+2C02+H20——► Mg(HC03)2
Mg(HC03)2+S02 ——► MgS03+2C02+H20
这一反应的发生提高了吸收硫的反应速度,可以加快烟气通过吸 收塔的线速度, 在设计时考虑了这一因素, 可以适当的缩小吸收塔的 半径, 减少了占地面积又降低了制造成本, 还可以降低有效钙的消耗 量 10-15%。
上面产生的沉淀状态的亚硫酸镁又可以吸收二氧化硫,生成溶于 水的亚硫酸氢镁。 '
MgS03+S02+H20——► Mg(HS03)2
烟尘中含量较大的二氧化硅和氧化钙反应生成对二氧化硫具有 高活性的硅酸钙,
CaO+Si02+XH20 ~~► CaO · Si02 · XH20
它的反应活性是单用石灰的 3-4倍, 通常含水 30-60%, 当含水 量大于 60%以上时, 能维持松散流动状态, 既能吸收大量二氧化硫, 又容易渣水分离。
通过实测可知, 在一定条件下, 仅用烟尘中的有效成分脱硫, 一 般可除去 S02总量的 45-55%。
|上述反应的同时, 烟尘中的有效成分(如 Si、 Fe等) 与多组 分高效强化剂的作用, 在气一固和气一液界面上还发生下列反应:
SO2+0.5O2 ~► S03 2"
SO3 2-+0.5O2——► S04 2"
S03 2— +H20 ~► H2S04 iCa SO —— ^ CaS04
NO+0.5O2 ►NOz
进入液相的 N02,被多组分高效强化剂中的还原剂选择催化还原 为 N2
如果以上这些反应能在一个反应区内进行,则可将多台脱除设备 合并为一台, 既节省了设备又节省了占地面积, 减少了投资。
另外, 从反应的条件看, 以上反应最佳的条件为在常压下 60-63 °C,PH为 5-5.5。 而烟气的初始温度为 15CTC , 将烟气与常温的脱除介 质液体混合后即可达到反应所需的温度要求, 不需人为调节, 即使在 北方的冬季, 利用反应器的保温能力, 温度维持在 20-35Ό时仍能很 好地进行反应。
如在反应区内可利用锅炉排污水作为脱除介质的补充物,因为排 污水的温度为 90-100°C, 能将烟气加热到 58-68°C, 即为露点以上 10-15°C , i防止雾滴生成, 以防腐蚀设备。 而且锅炉的排污水具有一 定的碱度, 可以用来调节脱除介质的 PH。 同时排污水中的尘、 硫等 残渣也可在反应区内沉淀后统一排出。
从以上分析看出燃煤锅炉烟气的脱硫、脱硝、 除尘有可能在一套 净化器中完成。 ' 发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种结构简单, 运行费用低, 能实现资源综 合利用的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫、 脱硝、 除尘一体化净化器。
实现这一目的的技术方案如下:
本发明所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净化器,包括净 化脱除反应部分,该反应部分包括位于烟气进入端的主反应器组和与 其连接的、 位于烟气出口端的副反应器组, 两个反应器组的底部各具 有一个脱除介质储液区, 两个储液区的底部各设置有一个排污阀, 两 个排污阀各自连接有主循环池和副循环池, 两循环池通过补液管连 接,所述主循环池的底部通过水输灰系统连接有与锅炉排污水管道连 接的沉淀池, 所述副循环池与锅炉排污水管道连接, 在主循环池上还 装有自动加料系统, 在主循环池和沉淀池上分别装有 PH控制系统。
所述主反应器组和副反应器组分别包括至少一个反应器, 每个 反应器的形状尺寸相同,每个反应器自顶部向下的烟气空间装有一个 分隔板, 将烟气空间分为左、 右两个空间, 在左空 ^上部装有烟气进 口, 右空间上部装有烟气出口, 前一个反应器的烟气出口与后一反应 器的烟气进口连接, 最后一个烟气出口依次与除雾器、 引风机、 烟囱 连接, 每个反应器组装有脱除介质循环泵, 在反应器内, 烟气进口下 方装有脱除介质喷嘴, 所述循环泵的进口与脱除介质储液区连接, 其 出口通过管子与脱除介质喷嘴连接。
所述自动加料系统包括石灰浆液槽、 输浆泵、 输浆泵管道。 所述 PH控制系统包括 PH传感仪、 控制阀、 输液泵、 输液管 '道。 所述主循环池 PH控制阀装于主、 副循环池之间的补液管上。 沉 淀池 PH控制阀装于与沉淀池连接的锅炉排污水管上。
本发明具有以下特点:
1.脱除效率高, 经调试后, 除尘可达 99.9%, 脱硫可达 98%, 脱 硝可达 85%, 林格曼黑度 <1级。
2.总投资和运行费用低, 总投资为 195-290元 /kw,运行费用不足 1分 /kwh, 三种污染物均分费用为 0.33分 /kw.h。
3.防腐蚀, 设备内部采取了防腐措施, 全系统在 PH-5.0-5.5条件 运行, 设备腐蚀速率最小, 使用寿命长, 设计寿命为 15-20年。
4.设备维修简便, 维修费用低, 主设备在全时运转的条件下不需 要单独维修, 仅在机组停机大修时顺便检修即可, 曰常维护工作主要 集中于水泵和喷嘴, 维修和更换不需停机。
5.操作要求低, 劳动强度低, 釆用全自动运行, 对搡作人员没有 特殊要求, 经简单培训即可上岗。 ' 6.无二次污染, 全部用水不排放, 而且利用了锅炉排污水, 包括 原有锅炉在内, 除了炉渣和反应废渣, 不再有任何排放, 不存在二次 污染, 保护了环境。
7.节水, 运行介质全部实现闭路循环, 损失的水主要以锅炉排污 水补充, 自来水的消耗量可忽略不计。
8.节能, 以具有一定温度的锅炉水补充, 不需要再加热, 节约了 能源。
9.设备占地面积小, 场地狭小的单位也能使用。
10.适应性强, 各种以煤为燃料的大、 中型锅炉, .电厂锅炉都能 适用, 工业窑炉、 电石炉、 陶瓷窑炉、 球团竖炉等均适用。 附图说明 '
图 1 为本发明燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净化器的结构 组成示意图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。 发明的最佳实施方式
图 1中显示了净化脱除反应部分由主反应器组 1和副反应器组 2 构成, 主反应器组 1由三个反应器组成, 每个反应器自顶部向下到脱 除介质液面以上装有一个分隔板 3, 主反应器组的各个反应器底部相 连, 形成主反应器脱除介质储液区 7。 副反应器组 2的各个反应器底 部也相连, 形成副反应器组脱除介质储液区 8, 在脱除介质储液区 7 和脱除介质储液区 8中容纳有脱除介质 9。 主反应器组 1和副反应器 组 2上各装有脱除介质循环泵 4, 在每个反应器的左空间上部装有烟 气进口 6A, 在右空间上部装有烟气出口 6B, 前一个反应器的烟气出 口即为后一反应器的烟气进口, 第一个反应器的烟气进口 6A与锅炉 烟道连接, 最后一个反应器的烟气出口 6B依次与除雾器、 引风机、 烟囱连接, 在烟气进口的下方分别装有脱除介质喷嘴 5, 烟气 6从烟 气进口 6A依次经过各个反应器, 到达烟气出口, 在每个反应器的左 空间, 烟气与顺流喷淋下的脱除介质混合, 产生脱除反应, 当烟气绕 过分隔板 3转向上升时, 烟气与脱除介质分离, 烟气进入下一个反应 器的烟气进口,脱除介质流入反应器底部的脱除介质贮液区 9。在主、 副反应器组的底部分别装有主徘污阀 10和副排污阀 11, 在主排污阀 下面装有主循环池 12, 在副排污阔下面装有副循环池 13, 在主、 副 循环池中接纳了由排污闽排出的脱除反应物,反应物的固体残渣沉积 在循环池底部, 分离出的污液在循环池上部, 在主、 副循环池上分别 装有污液输液泵 14, 污液输液泵出口管道分别 ¾于反应器组液面上, 污液返回到主、 副反应器组内, 副循环池通过补液管 22与主循环池 连接, 在主循环池上装有 PH控制系统 19, 其中 PH控制阀装于补液 管上, 主循环池还与自动加料系统连接, 其中石灰浆液槽 16通过管 道与主循环池连接, 在主循环池底部装有水输灰系统 15和水循环系 统 18, 水输灰系统与沉淀池 17连接, 沉积在 淀池中的废渣由挖渣 机挖出, 在副循环池和沉淀池上装有锅炉排污水管道 21 , 通过锅炉 排污水管道与锅炉连接, 在沉淀池上装有 PH控制系统 20, 其中 PH 控制阀装于锅炉排污水管道上。
本发明所述的净化器工作时, 自锅炉排出的烟气首先进入主反应 器组中的第一个反应器的左空间,反应器中脱除介质污水喷嘴将污水 从上喷下, 进入反应器的烟气受污水下喷的强力水流产生的负压驱 动, 烟气与污水进行充分混合, 与加入到脱除介质污水中作为脱硫剂 的 CaO、 强化剂、 催化剂产生脱除反应, 反应后的烟气在液面转折后 进入右空间, 烟气与污水分离, 污水落入反应器脱除介质储液区, 烟 气从出口进入下一个反应器, 连续经过各个反应器的烟气与烟尘、 石 灰和强化剂共同作用, 脱除了烟气中的尘粒、 硫、 硝有害物质, 脱下 的产物与烟尘组成废渣, 自反应器底部的排污阀随脱除介质污水排入 主循环池。烟气从主反应器组出来后继续进入副反应器组进行脱除反 应。 进入液相的 N02被多组分高效强化剂催化还原为 N2。 烟气从最 后一个反应器出来, 经除雾器、 引风机、 烟囱排入大气。 经脱除反应 产生的 Mg(HC03)2、 MgS03、 CaO . Si02及烟尘等固体废渣大量进入 主循环池, 少量进入副循环池, 最后进入沉淀池, 与脱除介质污水分 离后从沉淀池中挖出。
在主循环池设有 PH控制系统, 将 PH值控制在 5.0-5.5, ^ ,ΡΗ 值低于规定值时,启动输液泵和控制阀自副循环池向主循环池输送已 降温的锅炉排污水, 以提高 ΡΗ值; 当副循环池水位低于规定高度时, 自动从加料系统的石灰浆液槽中将消化好的石灰浆液泵入主循 ^池, 以代替用锅炉排污水调节 ΡΗ值, 池上的水输灰系统随时将沉在池底 的废渣连续清除至沉淀池。
锅炉污水 ΐ接进入副循环池, 副循环池也装有除渣机, 但此处废 渣量很少, 只在必要时予以清除。
副反应器组以锅炉排污水当介质, 一方面可以除去残存的硫、 尘 等, 同时也可以利用锅炉排污水(90-10(TC )将烟气加热到露点以上, 即 58-68°C , 此时排污水的温度已适合将排污水供给主循环池使用。
沉淀池接受主循环池送来的废渣, 水输灰系统不断循环, 将废渣 送入沉淀池, 沉淀池通过 PH控制系统控制 PH值, 必要时用锅炉排 污水调节 PH=6-8。
主、 副循环池均为封闭式, 以减少水分蒸发和杂物污染。 工业适用性
本发明所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净化器用于锅 炉烟气排硫, 其适应性强, 凡以煤为燃料的各种类型的锅炉均适用, 脱除效率高, 可除尘、 脱硫、 脱硝; 总投资和运行费用低, 使用寿命 长; 设备维修简便, 维修费用低, 主设备在全时运转的条件下不需要 单独维修, 全部用水不排放, 除了炉渣和反应废渣, 不再有任何污物 排放, 不存在二次污染, 保护了环境。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净化器, 包括净化脱除反 应部分, 其特征是所述净化脱除反应部分包括位于烟气进入端的主 反应器组 (1)和与其连接的、 位于烟气出口端的副反应器组 (2), 两个反应器组 (1、 2) 的底部各具有一个脱除介质储液区 (7、 8), 两个储液区(7、 8)的底部各设置有一个排污阀 (10、 11), 两个排 污阀各自连接有主循环池(12)和副循环池(13), 两循环池通过补 液管 (22)连接, 所述主循环池 (12) 的底部通过水输灰系统(15) 连接有与锅炉排污水管道(21)连接的沉淀池(17), 所述副循环池
(13) 与锅炉排污水管道(21)连接, 在主循环池 (12) 上还装有 自动加料系统 (16), 在主循环池和沉淀池上分别装有 PH控制系统
(19, 20)。
2.根据杈利要求 1所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器, 其特征是所述主反应器组 (1)和副反应器组 (2)分别包括 至少一个反应器, 每个反应器的形状尺寸相同, 每个反应器自顶部 向下的烟气空间装有一个分隔板(3), 将烟气空间分为左、 右两个 空间, 在左空间上部装有烟气进口(6A), 右空间上部装有烟气出口 (6B), 前一个反应器的烟气出口与后一反应器的烟气进口连接, 最 后一个烟气出口 (6B)依次与除雾器、 引风机、 烟囱连接, 每个反 应器组装有脱除介质循环泵(4), 在反应器内, 烟气进口下方装有 脱除介质喷嘴(5), 所述循环泵(4) 的进口与脱除介质储液区(7) 连接, 其出口通过管子与脱除介质喷嘴 (5)连接。
3.根据杈利要求 1或 2所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化 净化器, 其特征是所述加料系统 (16)包括石灰浆液槽、 输浆泵、 输浆泵管道。
4.根据杈利要求 1或 2所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化 净化器, 其特征是所述 PH控制系统包括 PH传感仪、 控制阀、 输液 泵、 输液管道。
5.根据杈利要求 3 所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器,其特征是所述 PH控制系统包括 PH传感仪、控制阀、输液泵、 输液管道。
6.根据权利要求 4 所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器, 其特征是所述主循环池 PH控制阀装于主、 副循环池之间的 补液管上。
7.根据杈利要求 5 所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器, 其特征是所述主循环池 PH控制阅装于主、 副循环池之间的 补液管上。
8.根据杈利要求 6所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器, 其特征为所述沉淀池 PH控制阀装于与沉淀池连接的锅炉排 污水管上。
9.根据杈利要求 7所述的燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝除尘一体化净 化器, 其特征为所述沉淀池 PH控制阀装于与沉淀池连接的锅炉排 污水管上。
PCT/CN2006/000778 2005-04-28 2006-04-24 Épurateur compact servant au dépoussiérage, à la désulfuration et à la dénitruration du gaz de combustion de chaudière à charbon. WO2006114052A1 (fr)

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