WO2006109472A1 - 核磁気共鳴撮像装置および方法 - Google Patents
核磁気共鳴撮像装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006109472A1 WO2006109472A1 PCT/JP2006/305722 JP2006305722W WO2006109472A1 WO 2006109472 A1 WO2006109472 A1 WO 2006109472A1 JP 2006305722 W JP2006305722 W JP 2006305722W WO 2006109472 A1 WO2006109472 A1 WO 2006109472A1
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- magnetic resonance
- nuclear magnetic
- imaging
- resonance imaging
- moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
- G01R33/56383—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging involving motion of the sample as a whole, e.g. multistation MR or MR with continuous table motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus that measures nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals from hydrogen, phosphorus, etc. in a subject and visualizes nuclear density distribution, relaxation time distribution, and the like. Especially when moving the table (bed) on which the subject is moved, imaging is performed, and when moving bed imaging is performed to capture a wide area of the subject, image deterioration due to interruption and resumption of imaging is prevented.
- the present invention relates to an MRI apparatus capable of performing the above.
- An MRI apparatus applies a gradient magnetic field and a high frequency magnetic field pulse to a subject placed in a static magnetic field space, receives an NMR signal generated from the subject, and images the subject. For this reason, the part of the subject that can be imaged by the MRI apparatus has been placed in the static magnetic field space and has been limited to the part that has been moved, but the bed on which the subject is placed can be moved using high-speed imaging technology in recent years. However, it is also possible to image the whole body. A technique for performing imaging while moving the bed is called a moving bed method, and various techniques have been proposed so far (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-10992 A
- imaging may be interrupted due to an unexpected change in situation after imaging starts. For example, it is expected that the subject will move or that the operator will communicate with the subject during imaging for confirmation. If there is an interruption in the imaging as described above during moving bed imaging, even if the movement of the bed is stopped at the same time as the interruption and then imaging is started, the positional alignment between the data before the stop and the data after the start Sex cannot be taken. For one thing, even if a command to stop moving the bed is sent at the same time as a command to temporarily stop imaging, the force that causes overrun depends on the performance of the bed drive mechanism. In moving bed imaging, the bed moving speed must be constant in relation to the imaging speed. Because it is necessary, imaging cannot be performed until the bed begins to move after it resumes until it becomes force constant motion.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an MRI apparatus capable of moving bed imaging having an imaging pause function, and data after pause and restart even when the pause function is operated.
- the purpose of this is to provide an MRI system that can obtain high-quality images.
- an MRI apparatus of the present invention comprises a static magnetic field generating means, a moving means for moving a subject relative to a static magnetic field space generated by the static magnetic field generating means, and a static magnetic field space.
- An imaging unit that applies a high-frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field, receives a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated from the subject, and forms a magnetic resonance image of the subject, and controls movement of the moving unit and imaging by the imaging unit.
- an input means for sending commands for temporarily stopping and resuming imaging to the control means.
- control means based on the position information of the moving means at the time of receiving an instruction to pause imaging and the position information of the moving means at the time of restarting imaging, Control the operation of the imaging means.
- Control of the movement of the moving means and Z or the imaging means at the time of resumption is, for example, data generated due to the difference (movement distance) between the position information at the time when the instruction to pause the imaging and the time when the imaging is resumed. This is done to compensate for the loss.
- the moving means is the same as when continuous imaging is performed. Since it is possible to acquire continuous data in the moving direction of the A wide field of view image can be acquired.
- the moving distance of the moving means includes, for example, an overrun until the operation of the moving means stops after receiving a temporary stop command.
- the moving distance of the moving means includes the distance that the moving means starts to move until force imaging starts in response to a restart command.
- the control means compensates the movement distance by returning the position of the movement means when the operation by the imaging means is resumed to the same distance as the movement distance.
- the control unit compensates the moving distance by shifting the imaging position when the operation by the imaging unit resumes by the same distance as the moving distance.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes a storage unit that stores data acquired until the suspension.
- the control means controls the imaging means so as to reconstruct an image using a part of the data acquired before the suspension and the data acquired after the restart.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method of the present invention includes (1) a step of performing imaging while receiving a nuclear magnetic resonance signal by imprinting a high-frequency magnetic field, a gradient magnetic field, etc. while moving a subject; 2) the step of temporarily stopping the imaging and movement; (3) the step of resuming the imaging and movement; and (4) the stop position of the subject that has been paused and the resumption of the subject that has been resumed. (5) Based on the difference between the stop position and the restart position, the movement and imaging of the subject at the time of restart are controlled so as to compensate for the data loss caused by the difference. The process of carrying out is provided.
- the step (1) includes (6) a step of storing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained before the primary stop, and (7) the nuclear magnetic resonance obtained after the restart. And (8) a step of reconstructing an image based on the nuclear magnetic resonance signals obtained by the steps (6) and (7).
- the present invention it is possible to easily perform imaging control in continuous movement imaging by including input means for sending commands for temporarily stopping and resuming imaging to the control means. wear.
- input means for sending commands for temporarily stopping and resuming imaging to the control means. wear.
- image degradation caused by such deviation can be prevented.
- it can be used for image reconstruction together with the resumed data without wasting data acquired until the suspension.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- This MRI apparatus constitutes a tissue of the subject 101, a magnet 102 that generates a static magnetic field in a space where the subject 101 is placed, a gradient magnetic field coil 103 that generates a gradient magnetic field in this space (static magnetic field space), and An RF coil 104 that generates a high-frequency magnetic field for exciting atomic nuclei, an RF probe 105 that detects MR signals generated by the subject 101, and a bed 112 for moving the subject 101 in a static magnetic field space It has.
- the bed 112 is driven and controlled by the bed control unit 114 and can move, for example, in the body axis direction (HF direction) of the subject 101.
- the position of the bed 112 is a position detection mechanism such as an encoder provided in the bed control unit 114. 115 can be detected.
- the gradient magnetic field coil 103 is composed of gradient magnetic field coils in three directions, ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , and each generates a gradient magnetic field in response to a signal from the gradient magnetic field power supply 109. As a result, an imaging cross section of the subject 101 is selected, and position information is added to the MR signal.
- gradient magnetic fields in the slice direction, phase encoding direction, and readout direction are usually used, and these can be selected in any direction with respect to the apparatus coordinate system by combining three gradient magnetic field coils.
- the RF coil 104 generates a high frequency magnetic field according to the signal from the RF transmission unit 110.
- the frequency of the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the RF coil 104 is set to the resonance frequency of the nuclear spin to be examined in the strength of the static magnetic field.
- the nuclear spin to be examined is usually a proton, but is not limited to this.
- the signal of the RF probe 105 is detected by a signal detection unit 106, signal processed by a signal processing unit 107, and converted into image data by calculation. Data and image data in the middle of calculation are stored in the storage unit 113.
- the image data is displayed on the display unit 108 as an image.
- Operations of the gradient magnetic field power supply 109, the RF transmission unit 110, and the signal detection unit 106 are controlled by the control unit 111 in accordance with a pulse sequence determined by an imaging method.
- the control unit 111 controls the bed control unit 114 together with the imaging control according to the pulse sequence so that the imaging speed and the bed moving speed are maintained in an appropriate relationship, and is necessary when the imaging is paused or resumed. Take control.
- the control unit 111 is provided with an input means for inputting a command necessary for control. Selection of a pulse sequence, setting of parameters necessary for imaging, and pause and resume after imaging are performed. The command can be input.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention has a function for the control unit 111 to compensate for missing data during a stop in response to the above-described commands for temporarily stopping or restarting imaging.
- the lack of data is mainly caused by a slight deviation between the imaging section and the bed position that occurs during the restart of the pause force.
- the control unit 111 calculates a slight deviation between the imaging section and the bed position, and finely adjusts the bed position and the Z or imaging section so that it is the same as the point of suspension To do.
- the data measured by imaging until the pause is stored, and image reconstruction is performed using part of the stored data as necessary.
- FIG. 2 shows details of the reception system and control unit 111 that perform such a function.
- the echo signal detected by the reception coil 201 constituting the RF probe 105 is amplified by a preamplifier 202 provided for each reception coil, and then a signal sampling unit 106 uses a reference RF signal for a predetermined sampling time, AD conversion and
- the quadrature detection circuit 203 performs AD conversion, quadrature detection, and conversion into two series of digital signals.
- the two series of digital signals are sequentially stored as k-space data in the storage unit 113, and Fourier-transformed for each set of data in the signal processing unit 107, and reconstructed into image data.
- the RF probe 105 includes a plurality of receiving coils 201
- the image data of each receiving coil is combined by the combining circuit 205.
- the combining circuit 205 When a single whole body image is drawn from a plurality of image data, it is synthesized by the synthesis circuit 205.
- the control unit 111 reconstructs an image using a part of the data acquired up to that point, and the rest A part is stored in the storage unit 113 for image reconstruction together with data acquired after resumption.
- the bed overrun after pausing and the bed moving speed that can be imaged after resuming Calculate the amount of bed movement (running distance) until it reaches, and make fine adjustments to the cross-section or bed position when resuming imaging. Fine adjustment of the imaging cross section
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of moving bed imaging according to the present invention.
- the COR plane is imaged while moving the bed in the HF direction (X direction) of the subject 101. Imaging is performed as a cross section.
- the field of view (FOV) is fixed with respect to the device coordinate system.
- Figures (a) and (b) are a plan view and a side view showing the relationship between the subject 101 and the imaging sections 301-1 and 301-2, and (c) shows echo signals 302-1 to 302-1 acquired during imaging. It is a figure which shows the data after carrying out the Fourier transform of 302-16 in the reading direction.
- FIG. 4 shows a typical 2D gradient echo sequence.
- an RF pulse 401 with a frequency that excites the subject's nuclear spin is applied together with a selective gradient magnetic field 402 that selects the imaging section, and then a gradient magnetic field 404 in the phase encoding direction is applied with! Further, while applying the readout gradient magnetic field 405, the echo signal 406 is measured after an echo time 407 has elapsed since the excitation RF pulse 401 was applied.
- the slice direction (z direction) is a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the bed
- the phase encoding direction (y direction) is the left-right direction of the subject
- the reading direction (X direction) is the bed moving direction.
- Such a sequence is repeated at a predetermined repetition time 408 while changing the intensity of the phase encoding gradient magnetic field 404.
- imaging is performed by repeating the number of repetitions required for one set of 2D image data (the number of phase encodings, the number of slice encodings for 3D times the number of phase encodings).
- the FOV in the subject will change as the bed moves, so the sequence of Fig. 4 will be obtained until image data of multiple sections corresponding to multiple FOVs is obtained. Repeat the process.
- the speed of the bed and the imaging speed are controlled so that the speed at which the bed finishes moving through the FOV and the speed at which the image data corresponding to one imaging section is acquired are substantially the same.
- the echo signal 302 obtained in this way is Fourier transformed in the X direction and arranged at the corresponding position in the X direction is shown in FIG. 3 (c).
- the last digit of the echo signal code is the echo number (signal acquisition number).
- the case where the number of phase encodings is 8, that is, the phase encoding in the y direction is completed with 8 echoes is shown.
- echo 302-1 to 302-8 are acquired while sequentially changing the phase encoding, and when measurement of all phase encoding is completed, the same Cf phase encoding as echo 302-1 is returned, Acquire from Echo 302-9 to Echo 302-16.
- the echo 302-16 is acquired, all the signals necessary to reconstruct the imaging section 301-1 have been acquired, so the data corresponding to the imaging section 301-1 (Fig. 3 (c) (Data in the frame enclosed by the dotted line) ⁇
- the image data of the imaging section 301-1 is reconstructed by Fourier transform in the y direction.
- the image data of each imaging section is reconstructed by performing imaging while continuously moving the bed and performing Fourier transform each time all the data of each imaging section are obtained.
- the control unit 111 and the imaging system are controlled to stop the bed and stop imaging.
- the control unit 111 captures the imaging conditions when the last echo signal 502-5 is measured ( The number of phase encodings) is stored, and image reconstruction is performed using data that can be used for image reconstruction together with the previous data of echoes 502-1 to 502-5 for use in image reconstruction. V, the part that has been affected is memorized in the memory.
- control unit 111 eliminates data loss from the next imaging stop time t to the restart.
- the distance L1 overrun after the bed stops and the distance L2 the bed moves after reaching the predetermined speed are detected from the position detection mechanism 115 such as an encoder provided in the bed control unit 114.
- the control unit 111 can calculate the distance to which the bed is fed back using the distance obtained from the position detection mechanism 115.
- the distance for overrun and run-up of the bed is a value determined by the characteristics of the bed and its drive mechanism if the speed at the time of bed imaging is determined, so it is stored in advance as a function of the bed moving speed and used. May be.
- the bed in response to a command to pause and resume from the input means, the bed is reversed in consideration of the amount of movement of the bed that is moved from the pause to the restart. Since the data is transmitted, it is possible to reconstruct the image data without image deterioration together with the data acquired after the restart without wasting data until the imaging is stopped.
- the change of the imaging section can be realized, for example, by changing the RF detection phase at the time of echo reception. Specifically, the following processing is performed.
- Equation (3) The signal S when the position of the imaging slice is later shifted by ⁇ X is expressed by Equation (3).
- the present invention performs moving bed imaging with the moving direction of the bed as the phase encoding direction (y direction). It is also applicable to cases.
- the bed position is reversed or the imaging position is adjusted in consideration of the overrun after the temporary stop and the approach distance when resuming.
- Signal S is Equation (4). Signal S when the position of the imaging slice is shifted by Ay after restart
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of moving bed imaging according to the present invention.
- the TRS plane (y, z plane) is an imaging cross section, and the bed is in the HF direction of the subject 101 ( Take one slice at a time while moving in the X direction.
- Figures (a) and (b) are a plan view and a side view showing the relationship between the subject 101 and the imaging cross sections 701-1 and 701-2.
- (C) is a Fourier transform of the image data of one slice in the readout direction. It is a figure which shows the data 702-1-702-3 after having performed.
- a known high-speed sequence such as single-shot FSE (fast spin echo method), single-shot EPI (eco-planar method), high-speed GrE (gradient echo method) can be adopted.
- the thickness of one slice is 5 mm
- the imaging time of one slice is 1 second
- the bed moving speed is 5 mm / s
- multi-slice imaging is performed.
- imaging section 701-2 is selected by imaging under the same slice selection conditions when the bed reaches a predetermined speed and imaging starts. It is possible to perform continuous imaging cross-section imaging without data loss.
- the imaging cross section can be shifted by the moving distance of the bed ( ⁇ X) instead of reverse feeding of the bed.
- the shift of the imaging section in the present embodiment can be realized by changing the excitation frequency after the restart.
- slice selection is performed with the slice gradient magnetic field Gs expressed by the following equation (6), and the center frequency 1 ⁇ of the irradiation RF pulse when the slice center position ⁇ is excited is expressed by the following equation (7). Is done. Picture
- the excitation frequency fl after restarting may be changed to the following equation (8).
- the imaging cross section is not limited to these, for example, The present invention can also be applied when imaging a sagittal section or the like.
- the phase encoding direction and readout direction can be arbitrarily changed, and the above-described equations (3), (5), and (8) can be applied to change the imaging cross section according to the direction. wear.
- the norm sequence executed by the MRI apparatus of the present invention is arbitrary as long as the relationship between the imaging speed and the moving speed of the bed can be adjusted to a predetermined relationship.
- the imaging method may be, for example, a radial scan or 3D imaging instead of 2D imaging.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention can be applied to various types of imaging.
- DWI fusion Weighted Imaging
- the static magnetic field space is thin in the body axis direction (for example, the imaging area is about 64 mm).
- slice thickness lmn! By performing 3D imaging of ⁇ 2mm, SNR is greatly improved while thin slices.
- the use of 3D-TOF greatly improves the quality of non-imaging imaging.
- the field of view can be expanded by moving the bed and holding 3D images of the liver and other breaths.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the function of the main part of the MRI apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of moving bed imaging adopted by the MRI apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a pulse sequence suitable for moving bed imaging.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of moving bed imaging adopted by the MRI apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 Diagram for explaining missing data due to suspension and resumption of moving bed imaging.
- FIG. 9 Diagram showing the overall outline of the MRI apparatus for applying the present invention.
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JP2007512463A JP5127447B2 (ja) | 2005-04-11 | 2006-03-22 | 核磁気共鳴撮像装置および方法 |
US11/918,082 US7635978B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2006-03-22 | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method |
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JP2005-113467 | 2005-04-11 | ||
JP2005113467 | 2005-04-11 |
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DE102009017778A1 (de) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren, Magnetresonanzgerät und Computerprogramm für eine Akquisition von Messdaten eines Untersuchungsbereichs eines Untersuchungsobjekts während einer kontinuierlichen Fahrt des Untersuchungsbereichs durch ein Magnetresonanzgerät |
DE102009018876B4 (de) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-02-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Steuereinrichtung zum Betrieb einer Magnetresonanzanlage |
DE102010012599B4 (de) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Erstellung eines Bilddatensatzes mittels einer radialen Abtastung mit Hilfe einer Magnetresonanzanlage |
US9910115B2 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2018-03-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | System and method for portable magnetic resonance imaging using a rotating array of magnets |
KR20160010921A (ko) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기공명영상장치 및 그 제어방법 |
CN109242847B (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-12-29 | 上海东软医疗科技有限公司 | 一种磁共振弥散加权成像方法和装置 |
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JPH06311977A (ja) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-08 | Yokogawa Medical Syst Ltd | Mri装置を用いた撮像装置 |
JPH07194592A (ja) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-08-01 | Toshiba Corp | X線コンピュータ断層撮影装置 |
JP2004000611A (ja) * | 2002-05-16 | 2004-01-08 | Uniformed Services Univ Of Health Sciences | 移動式寝台と対話式制御を備えた全身mriスキャン法 |
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DE69425631T2 (de) * | 1993-11-26 | 2001-04-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Kawasaki | Computertomograph |
WO2005106522A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Continuous moving-table mri involving contrast manipulation and/or update of scanning parameters |
US7474096B2 (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2009-01-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
-
2006
- 2006-03-22 WO PCT/JP2006/305722 patent/WO2006109472A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-03-22 US US11/918,082 patent/US7635978B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (3)
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JPH06311977A (ja) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-08 | Yokogawa Medical Syst Ltd | Mri装置を用いた撮像装置 |
JPH07194592A (ja) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-08-01 | Toshiba Corp | X線コンピュータ断層撮影装置 |
JP2004000611A (ja) * | 2002-05-16 | 2004-01-08 | Uniformed Services Univ Of Health Sciences | 移動式寝台と対話式制御を備えた全身mriスキャン法 |
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Title |
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JP5127447B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
US20090066328A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
JPWO2006109472A1 (ja) | 2008-10-16 |
US7635978B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 |
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