WO2006104471A1 - Procede de transformation thermique d'ordures menageres et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procede de transformation thermique d'ordures menageres et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006104471A1
WO2006104471A1 PCT/UA2005/000025 UA2005000025W WO2006104471A1 WO 2006104471 A1 WO2006104471 A1 WO 2006104471A1 UA 2005000025 W UA2005000025 W UA 2005000025W WO 2006104471 A1 WO2006104471 A1 WO 2006104471A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
furnace
plasma
waste
shaft furnace
Prior art date
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PCT/UA2005/000025
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
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Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
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Application filed by Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa filed Critical Anatoly Timofeevich Neklesa
Priority to AU2005237099A priority Critical patent/AU2005237099B2/en
Publication of WO2006104471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006104471A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/30—Combustion in a pressurised chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50209—Compacting waste before burning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • An interrelated group of inventions relates to techniques for processing household and industrial wastes containing organic substances, as well as plant wastes in agricultural production.
  • a known method for the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste including loading the waste, followed by its grinding and feeding it into the pyrolysis reactor, heated by burning pyrolytic gaseous fuel in the surrounding jacket, unloading the waste with separation of ferrous metal fractions, introducing salts into the pyrolysis gas behind the reactor to bind toxic gaseous substances , subsequent purification of gases from salts and the supply of purified pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber, the separation of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber into two streams and the supply of one of them into a waste heat boiler for generating steam, and the other into a jacket of the reactor, in which gas flows are circulated by taking part of the purified pyrolysis gases behind the gas scrubber, followed by heating it in the combustion chamber and feeding it into the reactor, in which the waste is sprayed and agitated together with jets purified pyrolysis gases, and the combustible exhaust gases from the reactor jacket are sucked off, mixed with fresh air, and the gas mixture is fed into the combustion chamber (A.
  • a device for processing waste and household waste comprising a housing lined with refractory material, a loading hopper, tapering downward with a window in the lower part adjacent to the housing, and a lid in the upper part, gas and air supply pipes and gas vents, the housing being the height is divided into zones of drying, pyrolysis and combustion with the help of paired leaves located at an angle to each other, moreover, the pairs of leaves located at the entrance and exit to the body are solid, and the pairs of leaves separating the zones are made with holes holes, the gas and air supply pipe is located above the pair of valves located at the outlet, and the exhaust gas pipe is located above the pair of valves located at the inlet, and the hopper is equipped with an air discharge pipe (China Patent ⁇ 23211, CL F 23 G 5/00, Priority 06/18/92, publication date Bull. N ° 21, 1994).
  • the technology for processing garbage and household waste, implemented in the described reactor, is unproductive and inefficient due to the low degree of control and maintaining the temperature level of processes occurring in parallel in neighboring zones, taking into account certain requirements for the composition and size of the feedstock.
  • the closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) adopted device for the thermal processing of household waste including a shaft with a loading device in the upper part, plasma torches installed in the nadgorny zone of the mine along its perimeter, a notch for the production of slag and a flue for exhaust gases, according to the invention, it it is equipped with a sub-water bath adjacent to the mine horn with a notch for the release of metal melt, and the sealed mine and bath working spaces are separated by a vertical partition with a window in the bottom part to form a water seal, and the slag outlet is made siphon and is located at the end of the bath with a level far from the mine the drain threshold is higher than the partition window, and the gas duct is installed in front of the tap hole in which the electric-discharge device is installed, while in the bath with the drain threshold of the siphon tap hole there is one electric ktropechnoy electrode or a plasma torch, and the perimeter of the shaft above plasma torches are arranged fuel burner
  • the disadvantage of this device is the low productivity of the furnace, due to a two-stage process - burning and pyrolysis, in addition, the device is not intended for the processing of such waste materials as liquid substances, pasty waste and other materials with high viscoelastic properties.
  • the first of the group of inventions is based on the task of improving the method of thermal processing of household waste, in which by creating a closed technological system for converting waste into metal, slag and gas components and utilizing the heat and chemical energy of the exhaust gases for energy converting devices, and neutralizing the separated liquid phase from waste, ensure the efficiency of waste processing, reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere and increase the productivity of the process.
  • the second of the group of inventions is based on the task of improving the device for the thermal processing of household waste, in which by changing the design of the reactor, as well as the technological layout of the units and the connections between them, provide a cost-effective mode of operation of the device, increase its specific productivity and reduce environmental pollution .
  • the first task is solved in that in a method for the thermal processing of household waste, including preparation, loading into a mine, heating in plasma jets in an oxidizing environment with gas circulation in a sealed reaction space with subsequent release the resulting melts of slag, metal and gases with the purification and utilization of the latter, the return of part of the exhaust gases to the reaction space, according to the invention, the prepared waste is subjected to volume compression, neutralize the separated liquid phase, and the resulting solid product is sent to drying, which is produced by the thermal effect of the waste after utilization gas, periodically load the dried product into the shaft furnace without the thermal effects of plasma jets, and after the furnace is fully loaded, the product is compacted at one belt heating of products with plasma jets, while the compaction process lowers the initial level of the product column in the reaction space of the furnace at a rate proportional to the gasification rate, and the resulting pyrolysis gas, due to the pressure in the shaft furnace, which is created by the plasma torches, is removed from the top of the shaft furnace, through the gas treatment
  • the method includes four stages: - waste preparation, environmental disposal of the liquid phase in them and drying; - loading, compaction of drained waste in a shaft furnace with simultaneous heating of them in an oxidizing environment by plasma jets, pyrolysis and production of pyrolysis gas; - transportation of pyrolysis gas through a closed path, including the purification and utilization of heat, the use of exhaust gases to produce electricity and steam, the generation and accumulation of water condensate, the use of it and pyrolysis gas for the operation of plasma torches, the return of a portion of the water to the heat exchanger and the selection of heated gas from it drying waste; - obtaining metal and slag as a result of exposure to a plasma jet on the compacted layer of waste in the furnace obtained after pyrolysis.
  • the device for the thermal processing of household waste including a shaft furnace with a loading device, plasmatrons installed in the lower part of the shaft furnace, slots for the release of slag and molten metal, an additional plasma torch and flue for exhaust gases
  • shaft the furnace in the upper end part is equipped with a rod with a perforated piston with thermocouples placed in it and installed in the cavity of the furnace with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal movement in height the reaction space of the furnace, while the thermocouples are electrically connected to the memory unit, the piston drive mechanism and the furnace operating mode switch interacting with the emphasis on the rod during its movement, and in the lower part of the shaft furnace there is a piggy bank with an additional plasmatron, and above the piggy bank, on the external perimeter of the shaft furnace, there is a gas collector connected to a plasma-chemical gas generator with plasma torches installed in it, while the loading device is communicated with a press filter for dehydration I waste, with which the drying device is connected in series, a
  • the piston in the shaft furnace is perforated to ensure the flow of gas during its movement, and thanks to the presence of thermocouples installed on the piston, electrically connected to the rod drive mechanism, a memory unit, an operating mode switch, a controlled reverse piston stroke is provided, the waste is compressed in the furnace while they are simultaneously heating, which leads to a decrease in the size of the voids in the loaded waste, an increase in the thermal conductivity of the waste and an acceleration of its heating.
  • the gas manifold is intended for the formation of directed heated gas jets in the sealed reaction space of the furnace.
  • the proposed design of the shaft furnace provides the specified thermal regime by the plasmatrons of the plasma chemical gas generator by changing their power and consumption of the plasma gas, and with a significant increase in the height of the shaft furnace and its diameter, the number of plasma chemical gas generators is set taking into account the scale factor.
  • the waste preparation system includes a press filter, in which the waste is pressed and the liquid is separated from the solid mass, while the liquid phase is discharged into the tank, where it is neutralized, and the solid mass enters into a drying device equipped, for example, with a plate conveyor, and through a lock device into the internal cavity of the furnace.
  • the energy of the pyrolysis gas leaving the furnace is realized using heat energy recovery devices, for example, an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine with an electric generator.
  • the gas leaving the recovery device enters the heat exchanger of the steam generator, from which the gas enters the drying device.
  • a steam turbine with an electric generator is installed in the device after the heat exchanger of the steam generator, the exhaust steam from which is condensed in the condenser and fed into the feed water tank, from which it is pumped back into the heat exchanger of the steam generator and through a controlled regulator to the plasmatrons of the plasma chemical gas generator.
  • the device allows you to fully use the heat content of the exhaust gas, even if its energy content is not very high, without affecting the environment.
  • the device provides high performance waste recycling with increased environmental parameters, the processing of unsorted waste, creates the conditions for increasing the volume of waste processing as the needs increase and, at the same time, convert the electricity generated in the device itself to heat by plasmatrons and into mechanical energy by connecting the electrical equipment involved in the technological scheme.
  • the method is as follows.
  • the method of thermal processing of household waste involves preheating the shaft furnace with plasmatrons of a plasma chemical gas generator, which at the time of heating work from an external source of electricity and an air compressor without removing pyrolysis gases from the furnace.
  • a plasma chemical gas generator which at the time of heating work from an external source of electricity and an air compressor without removing pyrolysis gases from the furnace.
  • After heating the shaft furnace to a temperature of 150-200 0 C solid and liquid household waste is sent to the press filter loading device, in which they are subjected to volume compression while squeezing the liquid phase, which is collected in a separate container and neutralized with a chemical solution.
  • the resulting solid product is sent to drying, where gases heated in the reaction zone of the furnace, which enter through an auxiliary supply system, serve as a heating agent.
  • the dried solid product Upon reaching the temperature values of the internal walls of the furnace in the range of 300-400 0 C in the pyrolysis zone, the dried solid product is loaded into the furnace through the lock chamber without thermal influence by plasma jets.
  • the auxiliary system for supplying the drying agent is closed and the loop of pyrolysis gases leaving the furnace is turned on. After the furnace is fully loaded, the dried product is compacted while heating it with plasma jets with a controlled temperature of gases at the inlet of the furnace from 300 to 600 0 C. In the process of heating, the organic component of the waste is pyrolyzed. As the pyrolysis during the compaction process, the initial level of the column of products in the reaction space of the furnace is reduced at a rate proportional to the rate of gasification.
  • the pyrolysis gas in the shaft furnace goes from bottom to top under the pressure necessary to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the entire column of the loaded material and provides the pressure that is set by the consumer of the pyrolysis gas at the outlet, while the pressure of the gas jets entering the shaft furnace from the plasma chemical gas generator is controlled within 0 , 05-0.1 MPa due to the relative low moisture content in dried solid products. Due to the pressure in the reaction space of the furnace, pyrolysis gas is removed from its upper part and accumulated in the receiver. The gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace is 200-500 C. When a sufficient amount of gas is accumulated in the receiver, the latter, after cleaning particles and sulfur are disposed of, for example, in an internal combustion engine or in a gas turbine, in order to obtain electricity.
  • the exhaust gas after utilization is diverted to the heat exchanger of the steam generator, and the steam is fed to the steam turbine, which drives the generator.
  • the steam exhausted in the steam turbine is condensed, and the condensate is accumulated in the feed water tank, from which water is again supplied to the heat exchanger of the steam generator.
  • Gas heated in a heat exchanger with a temperature of 150-200 0 C is sent to the drying zone of the prepared waste.
  • Part of the gas after drying, with a residual temperature of 50-120 0 C, is sent to the plasma chemical gas generator by gas blowing, and the second part of the gas is filtered, its temperature is reduced to a value of less than 30 0 C and fed to the plasmatrons of the plasma chemical gas generator.
  • Water from a feedwater tank under pressure up to 4 atm is supplied to the plasmatrons of a plasma chemical gas generator and an additional plasmatron. With a plasma torch power of 0.5 MW, the water flow rate is up to 10 g / s. After each complete loading of the furnace and thermal decomposition of the prepared solid waste, the pyrolysis process ends with the formation and accumulation of solid waste in the piggy bank and at the bottom of the furnace.
  • the solid waste remaining as a result of pyrolysis remains in the lower part of the furnace, and the rest of the furnace is loaded with new portions of the dried solid product, which is compacted and heated as described above.
  • the waste remaining after pyrolysis accumulates, they are compacted and heated at a temperature of 1500-2000 0 C with a plasma jet of a plasma torch installed in the piggy bank until a melt is formed, after which the resulting metal and slag are drained.
  • the energy of the obtained pyrolysis gas can be used in various ways, as well as a combination of several methods of use.
  • the proposed method allows in energy converting devices to use the electricity generated in the waste processing system itself and to activate the mechanisms involved in the implementation way.
  • the drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device for the thermal processing of household waste.
  • the device includes a shaft furnace 1 made of a metal vertically arranged body lined with refractory bricks.
  • a piston 3 mounted in the internal cavity of the furnace with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal movement using the drive mechanism 4.
  • the piston is made with through holes 5 for the flow of gas and internal channels for a cooling agent (not shown).
  • Thermocouples 6 and 7 are installed on the piston 3.
  • the device also includes a memory unit 8, electrically connected to thermocouples 6 and 7, a drive mechanism 4 and a furnace operating mode switch 9, interacting with a stop 10 on the rod 2 while the latter is moving.
  • a piggy bank 11 with an additional plasma torch 12.
  • the drying device 29 is provided with a plate conveyor 35 installed along the length of its internal cavity.
  • An additional plasma torch 12 installed in the piggy bank 11 is connected to a cylinder 36 with liquefied gas, for example, propane and to the air compressor 37.
  • the receiver 24 is connected through a valve 38 to a compressor 39 connected to the combustion chamber 40 of the gas turbine unit 41, to which the electric generator 42 is connected.
  • the exhaust pipe from the turbine is connected to the heat exchanger of the steam generator 43.
  • the heat exchanger 43 is connected by a steam line to a steam turbine 44, which serves to rotate the electric generator 45.
  • the pipe for removing steam from the steam turbine 44 is connected to the condenser 46 and then through the condensate pump 47 to the reserve a source of feed water 48, from which water is fed back to the heat exchanger 43 via the feed pump 49 and through the controlled regulator 50 to the plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical gas generator 16 and to the additional plasma torch 12.
  • the heat exchanger 43 is also connected by a gas line to the drying device 29, from which the branch gas pipe branches through the gas blower 51 - one branch is connected to the plasma chemical gas generator 16, and the second through the filter 52, an additional heat exchanger 53, and the compressor 37 to the plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical a gas generator 16 and an additional plasma torch 12.
  • the plasma torches 17 of the plasma-chemical gas generator 16, at the time of heating the shaft furnace, are connected to an external source of electric energy and to an air compressor 37, and the internal cavity of the furnace 1 is connected through an auxiliary system 54 to the drying device 29 through a controlled valve 55.
  • the device operates as follows.
  • the shaft furnace 1 is heated by low-temperature plasma generated by a plasma-chemical gas generator 16, in which the plasma torches 17 are fed from an external source of electricity and an air compressor 37 while the furnace is warming up.
  • the check valve 21 of the pyrolysis gas exhaust pipe 18 is closed.
  • household waste enters the press filter 26, in which the waste is pressed and the liquid is separated from the solid mass.
  • the liquid phase is discharged into a container 27, where a neutralizing substance from the tank 28 is simultaneously supplied.
  • Solid waste after the press filter enters the drying device 29, directly on plate conveyor 35.
  • an auxiliary hot gas supply system 54 is connected, which connects the internal cavity of the furnace 1 to the drying device 29.
  • Warming up the furnace 1 is carried out to obtain temperatures of 500-700 0 C internal walls.
  • the auxiliary system 54 is turned off by a controlled valve 55, the gate 31 is opened, and the dried material is transferred via the conveyor 35 to the receiving tank 30.
  • the plasma torches 17 of the plasma-chemical gas generator 16 are turned off, the gate 32 is opened, the screw feeder 33 is turned on and the material enters the shaft through the opening 34 oven until its volume is completely filled. Close the gate 32 and turn on the plasmatrons 17.
  • the piston 3 lowers down and compacts the dried material in the cavity of the furnace while it is heated by plasma jets with a controlled temperature of gases at the inlet of the furnace from 300 to 600 0 C.
  • the check valve 21 is activated and the pyrolysis gas enters through the gas scrubber 22, the device 23 for removing sulfur to the receiver 24.
  • the magnitude of the electrical signal which gives a flow meter 19, determine the gasification rate.
  • the material undergoes gradual compression by a piston, which moves at a speed proportional to the rate of gasification.
  • Thermocouples 6 and 7 control the temperature of the heating of the piston as it moves towards the pyrolysis zone.
  • the piston reverse modes are determined by the heating temperature of its lower part, corresponding to the distance from the furnace operating mode switch 9 to the installation site on the stop piston 10, which is selected experimentally depending on the type of material being processed.
  • the signals from thermocouples 6 and 7 and the switch 9 of the furnace operating mode are entered into the memory unit 8, the output of which is connected to the drive mechanism 4. If during the movement of the piston its temperature reached 400 0 C after the signal from the switch 9 of the furnace operating mode is activated, the memory unit 8 generates a signal to return the piston to its original position using the drive mechanism 4 and issue a command for reloading.
  • the memory unit 8 gives a signal to start melting, and it turns off a plasma-chemical gas generator 16 and an additional plasma torch 12 is turned on, and the piston continues to move down to a heating temperature of 600 0 C in its lower part, and when this temperature is reached, the piston returns to its original position, and melting continues until the pyrolysis waste melts.
  • the entire system is alerted.
  • the controlled valve 38 is opened, and the gas after cleaning through the compressor 39 is fed for its disposal, for example, to an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine 41.
  • the gas worked off after utilization is taken to the heat exchanger of the steam generator 43, the steam from which is supplied to the steam turbine 44, which rotates the electric generator 45.
  • the steam selected in the turbine is sent to the condenser 46, and the condensate is accumulated in the feed water tank 48, from which water is supplied through the feed pump 49 via separate pipelines to the heat exchange to 43 and controlled through the controller 50 by the plasma torches 17 or additional plasma torch 12.
  • the gas from the steam generator heat exchanger 43 fed into device 29 for drying.
  • the exhaust gas after drying through the gas blower 51 is transported by the gas path to the plasma chemical gas generator 16, and the gas is passed through the exhaust duct from the gas path through the filter 52, an additional heat exchanger 53, in which the gas is cooled to a temperature of less than 30 0 C, and sent through the compressor 37 depending from the operating mode of the furnace to the plasmatrons 17 of the plasma chemical gas generator or to the additional plasma torch 12.
  • the gas prepared in the plasma chemical gas generator is supplied to the gas manifold 15 and then to the reaction zone of the furnace 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un équipement de transformation d'ordures ménagères et industrielles contenant des matières organiques. On charge les ordures superficiellement séchées dans un four vertical dans lequel elles sont compactées et réchauffées simultanément par des jets de plasma. On abaisse le niveau initial de la colonne d'ordures dans le four vertical avec un débit proportionnel à la vitesse de gazéification, et le gaz de pyrolyse obtenu est évacué depuis la partie supérieure du four puis purifié et envoyé à des fins d'utilisation de l'énergie thermique et chimique. On utilise en tant que fluide actif du plasmotron l'eau et le gaz restant du séchage superficiel, qui sont purifiés et comprimés dans un compresseur. Les ordures qui restent dans le four après la pyrolyse sont compactées et fusionnées au moyen d'un jet de plasma. Le métal et les scories sont évacués par écoulement. Le dispositif de transformation thermique des ordures ménagères comprend un four vertical (1) avec un dispositif de chargement (25), un filtre à presse (26), un dispositif de séchage (29) et un sas (30). La partie inférieure du four comprend un accumulateur (11) avec un plasmotron (12) et des becs (13, 14) destinés à l'évacuation du métal et des scories. Un collecteur de gaz (15) est monté par-dessus l'accumulateur; il est relié à un générateur de gaz plasma-chimique (16) à l'intérieur duquel sont montés des plasmotron (17). Dans la partie d'extrémité supérieure le four (1) est muni d'une tige (2) munie d'un piston perforé à refroidissement à eau (3) monté dans la cavité du four et capable de se déplacer longitudinalement. La marche contrôlée du piston (3), qui peut être inversée, est commandée par un automatisme. Le tuyau (18) d'évacuation du gaz de pyrolyse est relié à un purificateur de gaz (22) de type à cyclone, d'un dispositif (23) d'évacuation de soufre (23) et d'un récepteur (24).
PCT/UA2005/000025 2005-03-28 2005-06-13 Procede de transformation thermique d'ordures menageres et dispositif correspondant WO2006104471A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005237099A AU2005237099B2 (en) 2005-03-28 2005-06-13 Method for thermal recycling household wastes and a device for its realization

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA200502785 2005-03-28
UAA200502785A UA77108C2 (en) 2005-03-28 2005-03-28 Method for thermal processing of domestic waste and unit for its implementation

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WO2006104471A1 true WO2006104471A1 (fr) 2006-10-05

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Country Link
AU (1) AU2005237099B2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2293918C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA77108C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006104471A1 (fr)

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CN104964287A (zh) * 2015-06-27 2015-10-07 陈伟强 垃圾压干焚烧装置
ES2569545A1 (es) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-11 Technological Transformation S.L. Reactor para gasificación por plasma de materiales y procedimiento de gasificación por plasma realizado en dicho reactor
CN106500107A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-03-15 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 一种垃圾热解气化熔融的系统及方法
CN106838913A (zh) * 2017-01-13 2017-06-13 安徽未名鼎和环保有限公司 一种高热解率的垃圾分仓处理装置
CN114576630A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-06-03 淮安市第二人民医院 基于智能控制的医疗废物处理装置

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RU2502017C1 (ru) * 2012-05-10 2013-12-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИТ СО РАН) Способ экологически чистой переработки твердых бытовых отходов с производством тепловой энергии и строительных материалов и мусоросжигательный завод для его осуществления
FR3017874B1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2016-03-25 Lohr Electromecanique Reacteur chimique a plasma ameliore
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CN101294707B (zh) * 2007-04-27 2011-09-14 韩枫 生物质燃料热解汽化燃烧方法
ES2569545A1 (es) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-11 Technological Transformation S.L. Reactor para gasificación por plasma de materiales y procedimiento de gasificación por plasma realizado en dicho reactor
CN104964287A (zh) * 2015-06-27 2015-10-07 陈伟强 垃圾压干焚烧装置
CN106500107A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-03-15 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 一种垃圾热解气化熔融的系统及方法
CN106838913A (zh) * 2017-01-13 2017-06-13 安徽未名鼎和环保有限公司 一种高热解率的垃圾分仓处理装置
CN114576630A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-06-03 淮安市第二人民医院 基于智能控制的医疗废物处理装置

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