WO2006094938A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von propen aus propan - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von propen aus propan Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006094938A2 WO2006094938A2 PCT/EP2006/060436 EP2006060436W WO2006094938A2 WO 2006094938 A2 WO2006094938 A2 WO 2006094938A2 EP 2006060436 W EP2006060436 W EP 2006060436W WO 2006094938 A2 WO2006094938 A2 WO 2006094938A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stream
- propane
- gas stream
- dehydrogenation
- optionally
- Prior art date
Links
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 C 3 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl ether Natural products C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(CC=C)=CC=2)O)=C1 ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- JTXAHXNXKFGXIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CCC.CC=C JTXAHXNXKFGXIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHCVCKDNQYMGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;phenoxybenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 MHCVCKDNQYMGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYMITAMFTJDTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Zn+2] JYMITAMFTJDTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940052296 esters of benzoic acid for local anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
- C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
- C07C11/06—Propene
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of propene from propane.
- Propene is obtained industrially by dehydrogenation of propane.
- the C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbons and the high boilers of hydrogen and methane formed during the dehydrogenation are then separated off by condensation in a so-called "cold box.”
- the liquid hydrocarbon condensate is then separated by distillation, the first column being filled with hydrogen peroxide C 2 - hydrocarbons and remaining methane separated and separated in a second distillation column, the C 3 hydrocarbon stream in a propene fraction with a high degree of purity and a propane fraction, which also contains the C 4 + -hydrocarbons .
- a disadvantage of this method is the loss of C 3 hydrocarbons by condensing out in the "cold box".
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved process for the dehydrogenation of propane to propene.
- the problem is solved by a process for producing propene from propane with the steps
- A) a propane-containing feed gas stream a is provided;
- the product gas stream b is cooled, optionally compressed and it is separated by condensation to separate water vapor, wherein a water vapor depleted product gas stream c is obtained;
- non-condensable or low boiling gas components are separated by contacting the product gas stream c with an inert absorbent and then desorbing the gases dissolved in the inert absorbent, wherein a C 3 hydrocarbon stream d1 and a
- Exhaust stream d2 containing methane, ethane, ethene, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, optionally hydrogen, optionally oxygen and optionally propane and propene are obtained;
- the C 3 -hydrocarbon stream e1 is optionally fed into a first distillation zone and by distillation into a stream f1 of propane and
- the stream e1 or f1 is fed into a (second) distillation zone and separated by distillation into a product stream gl from propene and a stream g2 from propane, wherein the stream g2 at least partially into the
- a propane-containing feed gas stream a is provided. This generally contains at least 80% by volume of propane, preferably 90% by volume of propane. In addition, the propane-containing feed gas stream A generally still contains butanes (n-butane, iso-butane). Typical compositions of the propane-containing feed gas stream are disclosed in DE-A 102 46 119 and DE-A 102 45 585.
- the propane-containing feed gas stream a is obtained from liquid petroleum gas (LPG).
- LPG liquid petroleum gas
- the propane-containing feed gas stream may be subjected to a purification distillation to remove the butanes, whereby a feed gas stream a having a very high propane content (> 95% by volume) is obtained.
- the propane-containing feed gas stream is fed to a dehydrogenation zone and subjected to a generally catalytic dehydrogenation.
- propane is partially dehydrogenated to propene in a dehydrogenation reactor on a dehydrogenating catalyst.
- hydrogen and small amounts of methane, ethane, ethene and C 4 + hydrocarbons are obtained.
- carbon oxides (CO, CO 2 ) in particular CO 2 , water vapor and, if appropriate, small amounts of inert gases in the product gas mixture of the catalytic propane dehydrogenation generally accumulate.
- the dehydrogenation product gas stream generally contains water vapor which has already been added to the dehydrogenation gas mixture and / or, upon dehydrogenation in the presence of oxygen (oxidative or non-oxidative), is formed on dehydrogenation.
- Inert gases nitrogen are introduced into the dehydrogenation zone when the dehydrogenation is carried out in the presence of oxygen with the oxygen-containing gas stream fed in, provided that no pure oxygen is fed in.
- unreacted propane is present in the product gas mixture.
- the propane dehydrogenation can in principle be carried out in all reactor types known from the prior art.
- a comparatively comprehensive description of the invention suitable reactor types also includes "Catalytica® ® Studies Division, Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Alternative Dehydrogenation Processes" (Study Number 4192 OD, 1993, 430 Ferguson Drive, Mountain View, California, 94043-5272, USA).
- the dehydrogenation can be carried out as oxidative or non-oxidative dehydrogenation.
- the dehydration can be performed isothermally or adiabatically.
- the dehydrogenation can be carried out catalytically in a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized bed reactor.
- the non-oxidative catalytic propane dehydrogenation can be carried out autothermally with the introduction of oxygen. However, it can also be carried out purely catalytically without supply of oxygen.
- oxygen is added to the reaction gas mixture of the propane dehydrogenation in at least one reaction zone and the hydrogen and / or hydrocarbon contained in the reaction gas mixture is at least partially combusted, thereby producing at least part of the required dehydrogenation heat in the at least one reaction zone directly in the reaction gas mixture becomes.
- the oxygen-containing gas used is air or oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen content of up to 70% by volume, preferably up to 50% by volume.
- a feature of the non-oxidative mode of operation over an oxidative mode of operation is that free hydrogen is still present at the outlet of the dehydrogenation zone. In oxidative dehydrogenation, there is no free hydrogen at the outlet of the dehydrogenation zone.
- a suitable reactor form is the fixed bed tube or tube bundle reactor.
- the catalyst dehydrogenation catalyst and optionally special oxidation catalyst
- the catalyst is a fixed bed in a reaction tube or in a bundle of reaction tubes.
- Typical reaction tube internal diameters are about 10 to 15 cm in the case of non-autothermal, purely catalytic dehydrogenation.
- a typical Dehydrierrohrbündelreaktor comprises about 300 to 1000 reaction tubes. The temperature inside the reaction tube usually moves in the range of 300 to 1200 ° C, preferably in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C.
- the working pressure is usually between 0.5 and 12 bar, often between 1 and 8 bar when using a low water vapor dilution, but also between 3 and 8 bar when using a high steam dilution (according to the so-called “steam active reforming process” (STAR) Process) or the Linde process) for the dehydrogenation of propane or butane by Phillips Petroleum Co.
- Typical catalyst loadings (GHSV) are 500 to 2000 h -1 , based on the hydrocarbon used
- the catalyst geometry can be, for example, spherical or cylindrical (hollow or full). be.
- the propane dehydrogenation can also be carried out under heterogeneous catalysis in a fluidized bed, according to the Snamprogetti / Yarsintez-FBD process.
- two fluidized beds are operated side by side, one of which is usually in the state of regeneration.
- the working pressure is typically 1 to 2 bar, the dehydration temperature usually 550 to 650 ° C.
- the heat required for the dehydrogenation can be introduced into the reaction system in that the dehydrogenation catalyst is preheated to the reaction temperature.
- an oxygen-containing co-feed can be dispensed with the preheater, and the heat required is generated directly in the reactor system by combustion of hydrogen and / or hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen.
- a hydrogen-containing co-feed may additionally be admixed.
- the propane dehydrogenation can be carried out in a tray reactor. If the dehydrogenation is carried out autothermally with the introduction of an oxygen-containing gas stream, it is preferably carried out in a tray reactor.
- the number of catalyst beds may be 1 to 20, advantageously 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and in particular 1 to 3.
- the catalyst beds are preferably flowed through radially or axially from the reaction gas.
- such a tray reactor is operated with a fixed catalyst bed.
- the fixed catalyst beds are arranged in a shaft furnace reactor axially or in the annular gaps of concentrically arranged cylindrical gratings.
- a shaft furnace reactor corresponds to a horde reactor with only one horde.
- the performance of dehydrogenation in a single shaft furnace reactor corresponds to one embodiment.
- the dehydrogenation is carried out in a tray reactor with 3 catalyst beds.
- the amount of the oxygen-containing gas added to the reaction gas mixture is selected such that the amount of heat required for the dehydrogenation of the propane is generated by the combustion of hydrogen present in the reaction gas mixture and optionally of hydrocarbons present in the reaction gas mixture and / or of coke present in the form of coke ,
- the total amount of oxygen fed, based on the total amount of propane is 0.001 to 0.5 mol / mol, preferably 0.001 to 0.4 mol / mol, particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.35 mol / mol.
- Oxygen is used as the oxygen-containing gas containing inert gases, for example, air or oxygen-enriched air.
- the hydrogen burned to generate heat is the hydrogen formed during the catalytic propane dehydrogenation and, if appropriate, the hydrogen gas additionally added to the reaction gas mixture.
- the molar ratio H 2 IO 2 in the reaction gas mixture immediately after the feed of the oxygen-containing gas is 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5 mol / mol. This applies to multi-stage reactors for each intermediate feed of oxygen-containing and possibly hydrogen-containing gas.
- the hydrogen combustion takes place catalytically.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst used generally catalyzes both the combustion of the hydrocarbons and of hydrogen with oxygen, so that basically no specific oxidation catalyst different from this is required.
- one operates in the presence of one or more oxidation catalysts that selectively catalyze the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen to water in the presence of hydrocarbons.
- the combustion of these hydrocarbons with oxygen to CO, CO 2 and water is therefore only to a minor extent.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst and the oxidation catalyst may be present together in one or more reaction zones or separately in different reaction zones.
- the oxidation catalyst may be present in only one, in several or in all reaction zones.
- the catalyst which selectively catalyzes the oxidation of hydrogen is disposed at the sites where higher oxygen partial pressures prevail than at other locations of the reactor, particularly near the oxygen-containing gas feed point.
- the feeding of oxygen-containing gas and / or hydrogen-containing gas can take place at one or more points of the reactor.
- an intermediate feed of oxygen-containing gas and optionally of hydrogen-containing gas takes place before each tray of a tray reactor.
- the feed of oxygen-containing gas and optionally of hydrogen-containing gas takes place before each horde except the first Horde.
- behind each feed point is a layer of a specific oxidation catalyst, followed by a layer of the dehydrogenation catalyst.
- no special oxidation catalyst is present.
- the dehydration temperature is generally 400 to 1100 ° C
- the pressure in the last Catalyst bed of the tray reactor generally 0.2 to 15 bar, preferably 1 to 10 bar, more preferably 1 to 5 bar.
- the load (GHSV) is generally 500 to 2000 h ⁇ 1 , in high load mode also up to 100 000 h ⁇ 1 , preferably 4000 to 16 000 h ⁇
- a preferred catalyst which selectively catalyzes the combustion of hydrogen contains oxides and / or phosphates selected from the group consisting of the oxides and / or phosphates of germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony or bismuth.
- Another preferred catalyst which catalyzes the combustion of hydrogen contains a noble metal of VIII. And / or I. Maury.
- the dehydrogenation catalysts used generally have a carrier and an active composition.
- the carrier is usually made of a heat-resistant oxide or mixed oxide.
- the dehydrogenation catalysts contain a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, alumina, silica, titania, magnesia, lanthana, ceria and mixtures thereof as a carrier.
- the mixtures may be physical mixtures or chemical mixed phases such as magnesium or zinc-aluminum oxide mixed oxides.
- Preferred supports are zirconia and / or silica, particularly preferred are mixtures of zirconia and silica.
- the active composition of the dehydrogenation catalysts generally contain one or more elements of VIII. Subgroup, preferably platinum and / or palladium, more preferably platinum.
- the dehydrogenation catalysts may comprise one or more elements of main group I and / or II, preferably potassium and / or cesium.
- the dehydrogenation catalysts may contain one or more elements of III. Subgroup including the lanthanides and actinides, preferably lanthanum and / or cerium.
- the dehydrogenation catalysts may contain one or more elements of III. and / or IV.
- Main group preferably one or more elements from the group consisting of boron, gallium, silicon, germanium, tin and lead, particularly preferably tin.
- Suitable shaped catalyst body geometries are strands, stars, rings, saddles, spheres, foams and monoliths with characteristic dimensions of 1 to 100 mm.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst contains at least one element of subgroup VIII, at least one element of main group I and / or II, at least one element of IM. and / or IV. Main group and at least one element of III. Subgroup including the lanthanides and actinides.
- all dehydrogenation catalysts can be used which are described in WO 99/46039, US Pat. No. 4,788,371, EP-A 705,136, WO 99/29420, US Pat. No. 5,220,091, US Pat. No. 5,430,220, US Pat. No. 5,877,369, EP 0 117 146, DE-A 199 37 106 DE-A 199 37 105 and DE-A 199 37 107 are disclosed.
- Particularly preferred catalysts for the above-described variants of the autothermal propane dehydrogenation are the catalysts according to Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of DE-A 199 37 107.
- the autothermal propane dehydrogenation is preferably carried out in the presence of steam.
- the added water vapor serves as a heat carrier and supports the gasification of organic deposits on the catalysts, whereby the coking of the catalysts counteracted and the service life of the catalysts is increased.
- the organic deposits are converted into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Dilution with water vapor shifts the equilibrium to the products of dehydration.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst can be regenerated in a manner known per se.
- steam can be added to the reaction gas mixture or, from time to time, an oxygen-containing gas can be passed over the catalyst bed at elevated temperature and the deposited carbon burned off.
- the catalyst is reduced after regeneration with a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the product gas stream b can be separated into two partial streams, with a partial stream being returned to the autothermal dehydrogenation, in accordance with the cycle gas method described in DE-A 102 11 275 and DE-A 100 28 582.
- the propane dehydrogenation can be carried out as an oxidative dehydrogenation.
- the oxidative propane dehydrogenation can be carried out as a homogeneous oxidative dehydrogenation or as a heterogeneously catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation.
- the propane dehydrogenation is designed as a homogeneous oxydehydrogenation in the context of the process according to the invention, it can be prepared in principle as described in US-A 3,798,283, CN-A 1, 105,352, Applied Catalysis, 70 (2), 1991, p to 187, Catalysis Today 13, 1992, pp. 673 to 678 and the earlier application DE-A 1 96 22 331.
- the temperature of the homogeneous oxydehydrogenation is generally from 300 to 700 0 C, preferably from 400 to 600 0 C, particularly preferably of 400 to 500 0 C.
- the pressure may be from 0.5 to 100 bar or from 1 to 50 bar. Often it will be at 1 to 20 bar, especially at 1 to 10 bar.
- the residence time of the reaction gas mixture under oxydehydrogenation conditions is usually 0.1 or 0.5 to 20 seconds, preferably 0.1 or 0.5 to 5 seconds.
- a shell-and-tube reactor may be used, such as a shell-and-tube reactor with molten salt as the heat carrier, or a shaft furnace reactor with intercooling.
- the propane to oxygen ratio in the starting mixture to be used can be 0.5: 1 to 40: 1.
- the molar ratio of propane to molecular oxygen in the starting mixture is preferably ⁇ 6: 1, preferably ⁇ 5: 1.
- the abovementioned ratio will be> 1: 1, for example> 2: 1.
- the starting mixture may comprise further, essentially inert constituents, such as H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, N 2 , noble gases and / or propene. It is favorable for a homogeneous oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene if the ratio of the surface of the reaction space to the volume of the reaction space is as small as possible.
- Particularly favorable surface materials are aluminum oxides, quartz glass, borosilicates, stainless steel and aluminum.
- the first reaction stage is designed as a heterogeneously catalyzed oxydehydrogenation
- this can in principle be carried out as described in US-A 4,788,371, CN-A 1073893, Catalysis Letters 23 (1994) 103-106, W. Zhang, Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 14 (1993) 566, Z. Huang, Shiyou Huagong, 21 (1992) 592, WO 97/36849, DE-A 1 97 53 817, US-A 3,862,256, US-A 3,887,631, DE-A 1 95 30 454, US Pat. No. 4,341,664, J.
- Particularly suitable oxydehydrogenation catalysts are the multimetal oxide materials or catalysts A of DE-A 1 97 53 817, with those mentioned as being preferred Multimetal oxide materials or catalysts A are particularly favorable. That is, as active compounds in particular multimetal oxide materials of the general formula I.
- M 1 Co, Ni, Mg, Zn, Mn and / or Cu,
- Suitable Mo-V-Te / Sb-Nb-O multimetal oxide catalysts are described in EP-A 0 318 295, EP-A 0 529 853, EP-A 0 603 838, EP-A 0 608 836, EP-A 0 608 838 EP-A 0 895 809, EP-A 0 962 253, EP-A 1 192 987, DE-A 198 35 247, DE-A 100 51 419 and DE-A 101 19 933.
- Suitable Mo-V-Nb-O multimetal oxide catalysts are described inter alia in EM Thorsteinson, TP Wilson, FG Young, PH Kasei, Journal of Catalysis 52 (1978), pages 116-132 and in US 4,250,346 and EP-A 0 294 845 ,
- suitable active compounds can be prepared in a simple manner by producing as intimate as possible, preferably finely divided, stoichiometrically composed dry mixtures of suitable sources of their components and calcining them at temperatures of 450 to 1000 ° C.
- the calcination can be carried out both under inert gas and under an oxidative atmosphere such as air (mixture of inert gas and oxygen) as well as under reducing atmosphere (eg mixture of inert gas, oxygen and NH 3 , CO and / or H 2 ) take place.
- Suitable sources of the components of the multimetal oxide active compounds I are oxides and / or compounds which can be converted into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of oxygen.
- suitable starting compounds are in particular halides, nitrates, formates, oxalates, citrates, acetates, carbonates, amine complex salts, ammonium salts and / or hydroxides.
- the multimetal oxide compositions can be used for the process according to the invention in shaped both in powder form and to specific catalyst geometries, wherein the shaping can take place before or after the final calcination.
- Suitable unsupported catalyst geometries are e.g. Solid cylinder or hollow cylinder with an outer diameter and a length of 2 to 10 mm. In the case of the hollow cylinder, a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm is appropriate.
- Suitable hollow cylinder geometries are e.g. 7mm x 7mm x 4mm or 5mm x 3mm x 2mm or 5mm x 2mm x 2mm (each length x outside diameter x inside diameter).
- the full catalyst may also have spherical geometry, wherein the ball diameter may be 2 to 10 mm.
- the shaping of the powdered active composition or its powdery, not yet calcined precursor composition can also be effected by application to preformed inert catalyst supports.
- the layer thickness of the powder mass applied to the carrier body is expediently chosen in the range from 50 to 500 mm, preferably in the range from 150 to 250 mm.
- carrier materials it is possible to use customary porous or non-porous aluminum oxides, silicon dioxide, thorium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon carbide or silicates, such as magnesium silicate or aluminum silicate.
- the carrier bodies may be regularly or irregularly shaped, with regularly shaped carrier bodies having a marked surface roughness, e.g.
- Spheres, hollow cylinders or saddles generally with dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 mm, are preferred. Suitable is the use of substantially nonporous, surface roughness, spherical steatite supports whose diameter is 1 to 8 mm, preferably 4 to 5 mm.
- the reaction temperature for the heterogeneously catalyzed oxydehydrogenation of propane is generally from 300 to 600 0 C, the usual manner from 350 to 500 0 C.
- the pressure is from 0.5 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 10 bar, for example 1 to 5 bar. pressures above 1 bar, eg 1, 5 to 10 bar, have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed oxydehydrogenation of the propane takes place on a fixed catalyst bed.
- the latter is expediently poured into the tubes of a tube bundle reactor, as described, for example, in EP-A 700 893 and in EP-A 700 714 and in the literature cited in these publications.
- the average residence time of the reaction gas mixture in the catalyst bed is normally 0.5 to 20 seconds.
- the propane to oxygen ratio in the reaction gas starting mixture to be used for the heterogeneously catalyzed propane oxydehydrogenation may be 0.5: 1 to 40: 1. It is advantageous if the molar ratio of propane to molecular oxygen in the starting gas mixture is ⁇ 6: 1, preferably ⁇ 5: 1. In general, the aforementioned ratio will be> 1: 1, for example 2: 1.
- the starting gas mixture may comprise further, substantially inert constituents such as H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, N 2 , noble gases and / or propene. In addition, d, C 2 or C 4 hydrocarbons may also be present to some extent.
- a gas mixture which generally has the following composition: 5 to 95% by volume of propane, 1 to 50% by volume of propene, 0 to 20% by volume of methane, ethane, ethene and C 4 + Hydrocarbons, 0 to 30% by volume of carbon oxides, 0 to 70% by volume of steam and 0 to 30% by volume of hydrogen and 0 to 70% by volume of inert gases.
- a gas mixture which generally has the following composition: 10 to 80% by volume of propane, 1 to 40% by volume of propene, 0 to 20% by volume of methane, ethane, ethene and C. 4 + -hydrocarbons, 0.1 to 30% by volume of carbon oxides, 0.1 to 70% by volume of steam, 1 to 30% by volume of hydrogen and 0 to 50% by volume of inert gases (in particular nitrogen) -
- the product gas stream b when leaving the dehydrogenation zone is generally under a pressure of 1 to 20 bar, preferably 1 to 10 bar, more preferably 1 to 5 bar and has a temperature in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.
- process part C steam is first separated off from the product gas stream b, with the result that a product gas stream c depleted in water vapor is obtained.
- the separation of water vapor is carried out by condensation by cooling and, if appropriate, prior compressing of the product gas stream b and can be carried out in one or more cooling and optionally compression stages be performed.
- the product gas stream b is for this purpose to a temperature in the range of 0 to 80 ° C, preferably 10 to 65 0 C cooled.
- the product gas stream can be compressed, for example to a pressure in the range of 2 to 40 bar, preferably 5 to 20 bar, particularly preferably 10 to 20 bar.
- the product gas stream b is passed through a cascade of heat exchangers and initially cooled to a temperature in the range of 50 to 200 ° C and then in a quench tower with water to a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C, for example 55 ° C further cooled.
- Suitable heat exchangers are, for example, direct heat exchangers and countercurrent heat exchangers, such as gas-gas countercurrent heat exchangers, and air coolers.
- a process part D) are the non-condensable or low-boiling gas components such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the low-boiling hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, ethene) in an absorption / desorption cycle by means of a high-boiling absorbent of the C 3 hydrocarbons separated, wherein a stream d1 is obtained, which contains the C 3 - hydrocarbons and also small amounts of ethane and ethene, and an exhaust stream d2 is obtained, which contains the non-condensable or low-boiling gas components.
- the non-condensable or low-boiling gas components such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the low-boiling hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, ethene) in an absorption / desorption cycle by means of a high-boiling absorbent of the C 3 hydrocarbons separated, where
- the gas stream c is contacted with an inert absorbent, the C 3 hydrocarbons and also small amounts of C 2 hydrocarbons are absorbed in the inert absorbent and a loaded with C 3 hydrocarbons absorbent and the others Gas components containing exhaust gas d2 are obtained.
- These are mainly carbon oxides, hydrogen, inert gases and C 2 - Hydrocarbons and methane. Also certain amounts of propane and propene may still be included in the stream d2, since the separation is generally not quite complete.
- the C 3 hydrocarbons are released from the absorbent again.
- Inert absorbent used in the absorption stage are generally high-boiling nonpolar solvents in which the separated C 3 - hydrocarbon mixture has a significantly higher solubility than the other gas components to be separated.
- the absorption can be carried out by simply passing the stream c through the absorbent. But it can also be done in columns. It can be used in cocurrent, countercurrent or cross flow.
- Suitable absorption columns include plate columns having bubble-cap, valve, and / or sieve trays, columns with structured packings, for example fabric packings or sheet-metal packings with a specific surface area of 100 to 1000 m 2 / m 3 as Mellapak ® 250 Y, and packed columns, z. B. with balls, rings or saddles made of metal, plastic or ceramic as packing.
- the absorption column has an absorption part and a rectification part.
- heat can then be introduced into the bottom of the column.
- a stripping gas stream can be fed into the bottom of the column, for example from nitrogen, air, steam or propane / propene mixtures.
- the laden absorbent is brought into contact with the stripping gas stream. Characterized 2 ⁇ hydrocarbons are stripped out from the laden absorbent C. A portion of the overhead can be condensed and returned to the top of the column to limit solvent losses.
- Suitable absorbents are relatively nonpolar organic solvents, for example C 4 -C 8 -alkenes, naphtha or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as the paraffin distillation medium fractions, or bulky group ethers, or mixtures of these solvents, such as polar solvents such as 1, 2 and 3. Dimethyl phthalate may be added.
- Suitable absorbents are furthermore esters of benzoic acid and phthalic acid with straight-chain C 1 -C 8 -alkanols, such as n-butyl benzoate, Methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and so-called heat transfer oils, such as biphenyl and diphenyl ether, their chlorinated derivatives and triaryl alkenes.
- a suitable absorbent is a mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether, preferably in the azeotropic composition, for example, the commercially available Diphyl ®. Frequently, this solvent mixture contains dimethyl phthalate in an amount of 0.1 to 25 wt .-%.
- Suitable absorbents are also butanes, pentanes, hexanes, heptanes, octanes, nonanes, decanes, undecanes, dodecanes, tridecanes, tetradecanes, pentadecanes, hexadecanes, heptadecanes and octadecanes or fractions obtained from refinery streams containing as main components said linear alkanes.
- Preferred absorbents are C 8 -C 0 hydrocarbons, particularly preferred are Cg-hydrocarbons, in particular nonanes.
- the loaded absorbent is heated and / or expanded to a lower pressure.
- desorption may also be by stripping, usually with steam, or in a combination of
- the desorption can be carried out in two stages, wherein the second desorption stage is carried out at a lower pressure than the first desorption stage and the desorption gas of the second stage is returned to the absorption stage.
- the absorbent regenerated in the desorption stage is returned to the absorption stage. If necessary, a part of this
- Absorbent stream which may contain C 4 + hydrocarbons, discharged, worked up and returned, or discarded.
- the desorption step is carried out by relaxation and / or heating of the loaded absorbent.
- the desorption step is additionally stripped with steam.
- the absorbent laden with C 3 hydrocarbons is compressed prior to desorption to a pressure which in one of the following stages, for. B. the propane / propene separation (step G), is necessary.
- the separation D) is generally not completely complete, so that in the C 3 - hydrocarbon stream d1 - depending on the type of separation - still small amounts or even traces of other gas constituents, in particular the low-boiling hydrocarbons, may be present.
- it may, if appropriate after cooling, for example in an indirect heat exchanger, be passed through a membrane, which is usually designed as a tube, which is permeable only to molecular hydrogen.
- the thus separated molecular hydrogen can, if necessary, at least partially used in the dehydrogenation or else be supplied to another utilization, for example, be used for generating electrical energy in fuel cells.
- the exhaust stream d2 may be burned.
- the gas stream d1 is cooled, wherein it can additionally be compressed in one or more further compression stages.
- a gaseous C 3 -hydrocarbon stream e1 or a liquid condensate stream e1 of C 3 -hydrocarbons is obtained.
- the stream e1 may still contain small amounts of C 2 - hydrocarbons.
- an aqueous condensate stream e2 and possibly small amounts of an exhaust gas stream e3 can be obtained.
- the aqueous condensate stream e2 generally accumulates when water is stripped in step D) to desorb the dissolved gases.
- the compression can again be done in one or more stages.
- a total pressure of from 1 to 29 bar, preferably from 1 to 10 bar is compressed to a pressure in the range from 12 to 30 bar.
- a cooling step in which the gas stream is cooled to a temperature in the range of 15 to 80 0 C, preferably 15 to 60 0 C, cooled.
- the compressed gas mixture is cooled to a temperature of -10 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably -10 0 C to 30 0 C.
- the liquid condensate flows e1 and e2 are separated in a phase separation apparatus.
- the gas stream d1 can also only be cooled, preferably when the desorption of the dissolved gases in the process part D) takes place at high pressure.
- the gaseous or liquid C 3 - hydrocarbon stream e1 is fed into a first distillation zone and separated by distillation into a stream f1 containing the C 3 hydrocarbons propane and propene and a stream f2 containing the C 2 hydrocarbons ethane and ethene.
- the C 3 -hydrocarbon stream e1 is generally introduced into a C2 / C3 separation column typically having 20 to 80 theoretical plates, for example about 60 theoretical soils, fed. This is generally operated at a pressure in the range of 10 to 30 bar, for example at about 20 bar, and a reflux ratio of 2-70.
- the bottom temperature is generally from 40 to 100 ° C, for example, about 60 ° C, the head temperature of -20 to 10 ° C, for example, about 10 0 C.
- a stream f1 of propane and propene is obtained as the bottom draw stream having an ethane / ethene content of generally ⁇ 5000 ppm, preferably ⁇ 1000 ppm, more preferably ⁇ 500 ppm.
- the stream f2, which is preferably obtained as a top draw stream, may still contain certain amounts of propane and propene and be recycled to the separation thereof in the absorption stage.
- the process part F) can also be omitted, in particular if the stream d1 or e1 has only a low content of C 2 hydrocarbons.
- the C 3 -hydrocarbon stream e1 or f1 is fed into a second distillation zone and separated by distillation into a stream gl containing propene and a stream g2 containing propane.
- the hydrocarbon stream f1 is generally fed into a C 3 separation column ("C3 splitter") typically having from 80 to 150 theoretical plates, for example about 100 theoretical plates, which is generally at a pressure in the range from 10 to bar 30, for example at about 20 bar, and a reflux ratio of 2 -. operated 50 the bottom temperature is generally from 40 to 100 ° C, for example about 68 0 C, the head temperature of 30 to 60 0 C, for example ca. 60 ° C.
- the stream g2 and a fresh propane stream can be fed into a third distillation zone, in which a stream containing C 4 + hydrocarbons is separated by distillation and the feed gas stream a is obtained with a very high propane content.
- the recycled stream g2 is vaporized before it enters the third distillation zone.
- a refrigerant flow be generated, which can be used for cooling elsewhere, for example, for cooling at the top of the column C2 / C3 separation column.
- the invention is further illustrated by the following example.
- the fresh propane stream 1 contains about 98 wt .-% propane, about 2 wt .-% butane.
- the fresh propane stream 1 is mixed with the propane recycle stream 24 from the C3 splitter 37 and fed to the C3 / C4 separation column 30.
- the C3 / C4 separation column 30 which has 40 theoretical stages and is operated at 10 bar operating pressure and a reflux ratio of 0.4, a high-boiler stream 4 is separated and thus a propane stream 3 with a butane content of only 0.01 Wt .-% received.
- the propane stream 3 is preheated to 450 0 C, enters the dehydrogenation zone 31 and an autothermal dehydrogenation is subjected.
- an oxygen-containing gas 6 and water vapor 5 are fed into the dehydrogenation zone 31.
- the conversion of dehydrogenation is based on propane, 40%, the selectivity of the propene formation is 90%.
- 5% cracking products and 5% carbon oxides are formed by total combustion.
- the water concentration in the outlet gas of the dehydrogenation zone is about 11 wt .-%, the residual oxygen content in the outlet gas is 0 wt .-%, the outlet temperature of the product gas mixture is 600 0 C.
- the product gas stream 7 is cooled and in the compressor 32, starting from a pressure of 2.0 bar compressed in 3 stages to a pressure of 15 bar. After the first and the second compressor stage is cooled to 55 0 C in each case.
- aqueous condensate 9 which is discharged from the process.
- the compressed and cooled gas stream 8 is brought in the absorption column 33 with tetradecane 21 as an absorbent in contact.
- the unabsorbed gases are withdrawn as exhaust gas stream 11 via the top of the column, the absorbent laden with the C 3 hydrocarbons is taken off via the bottom of the column and fed to the desorption column 34.
- the Desorption column 34 are desorbed by depressurization to a pressure of 4 bar and stripping with 13 supplied as stream of high pressure steam, the C 3 hydrocarbons, a stream 14 of regenerated absorbent and a stream 12 of C 3 hydrocarbons and water vapor is obtained.
- the regenerated absorbent 14 is supplemented with fresh absorbent 22 and returned to the absorption column 33.
- the gas is cooled to 45 ° C, with further absorbent 14 condensed out.
- an aqueous phase is obtained, which is separated in a phase separator and discharged as stream 15 from the process.
- the stream 12 is compressed in two stages to a pressure of 16 bar and cooled to a temperature of 40 0 C. In this case, a small waste gas stream 18, a wastewater stream 17 and a liquid C 3 - fall to the hydrocarbon stream 16.
- liquid C 3 hydrocarbon stream 16 is in a C2 / C3 separation column 36 with 30 theoretical stages at 16 bar and a reflux ratio of 63 on
- the bottom draw stream 19 is fed to a propane / propene separation column with 120 theoretical plates, which at 16 bar with a reflux ratio of
- the bottom temperature is 46 ° C, the head temperature 38 ° C.
- a propene stream 23 having a purity of 99.5% by weight of propene is obtained.
- the bottom take-off stream 24 contains about 98.5% by weight of propane and is introduced into the
- Dehydrogenation zone 31 returned.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0608337-4A BRPI0608337A2 (pt) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | processo para preparar propeno a partir de propano |
EP06708626A EP1858831A2 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von propen aus propan |
US11/817,599 US20080269536A1 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Method for Producing Propene From Propane |
CA002599255A CA2599255A1 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Method for producing propene from propane |
JP2008500173A JP2008532975A (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | プロパンからプロペンを調製する方法 |
MX2007010515A MX2007010515A (es) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Proceso para preparar propeno de propano. |
AU2006222065A AU2006222065A1 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Method for producing propene from propane |
NO20074272A NO20074272L (no) | 2005-03-08 | 2007-08-22 | Fremgangsmate for a fremstille propen fra propan |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005010586A DE102005010586A1 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2005-03-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propen aus Propan |
DE102005010586.6 | 2005-03-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006094938A2 true WO2006094938A2 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
WO2006094938A3 WO2006094938A3 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
Family
ID=36847361
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---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2006/060436 WO2006094938A2 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von propen aus propan |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080269536A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1858831A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008532975A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20070110080A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101137605A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2006222065A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0608337A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2599255A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005010586A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2007010515A (de) |
NO (1) | NO20074272L (de) |
TW (1) | TW200640847A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006094938A2 (de) |
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EP3029018A1 (de) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-08 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Anlage zur Gewinnung von Propylen |
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WO2018173676A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | 住友精化株式会社 | プロピレンの精製方法および精製装置 |
US10662130B2 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2020-05-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for generation of olefins |
EP3737734A4 (de) | 2018-01-08 | 2022-01-26 | Swift Fuels, LLC | Verfahren zur verbesserung von benzinoktan für langkettige paraffinzuströme |
US10941357B2 (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2021-03-09 | Swift Fuels, Llc | Process for converting C2—C5 hydrocarbons to gasoline and diesel fuel blendstocks |
BR112020021259A2 (pt) * | 2018-04-16 | 2021-02-02 | Swift Fuels, Llc | processo para converter hidrocarbonetos c2-c5 em misturas de gasolina e combustível diesel |
KR102626016B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-14 | 2024-01-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 부타디엔의 제조방법 |
KR102564957B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-21 | 2023-08-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 1,3-부타디엔의 제조방법 |
KR102568103B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-21 | 2023-08-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 1,3-부타디엔의 제조방법 |
CN111892472A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 惠生工程(中国)有限公司 | 一种利用低碳烃经催化氧化脱氢制乙烯的方法及系统 |
CN111892473A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 惠生工程(中国)有限公司 | 一种通过氧化脱氢从低碳烃生产乙烯的方法及系统 |
WO2021202814A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | Dacosta Chris | Process for converting c2-c5 hydrocarbons to gasoline and diesel fuel blendstocks |
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CN114436743B (zh) * | 2020-11-04 | 2024-06-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应产物的分离方法和系统 |
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2005
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-
2006
- 2006-03-03 US US11/817,599 patent/US20080269536A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-03 CN CNA2006800077990A patent/CN101137605A/zh active Pending
- 2006-03-03 WO PCT/EP2006/060436 patent/WO2006094938A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-03 EP EP06708626A patent/EP1858831A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-03 JP JP2008500173A patent/JP2008532975A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-03 BR BRPI0608337-4A patent/BRPI0608337A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-03 CA CA002599255A patent/CA2599255A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-03 KR KR1020077020561A patent/KR20070110080A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-03 AU AU2006222065A patent/AU2006222065A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-03 MX MX2007010515A patent/MX2007010515A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-08 TW TW095107827A patent/TW200640847A/zh unknown
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2007
- 2007-08-22 NO NO20074272A patent/NO20074272L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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WO2010102729A3 (de) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-11-18 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verminderung von olefinverlusten bei der entfernung von kohlendioxid aus einem olefinstrom aus dehydrierungsreaktionen |
RU2531583C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-12 | 2014-10-20 | ТюссенКрупп Уде ГмбХ | Способ уменьшения потерь олефинов при удалении диоксида углерода из потока олефинов после реакции дегидрирования |
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EP3029018A1 (de) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-08 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Anlage zur Gewinnung von Propylen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005010586A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
NO20074272L (no) | 2007-09-27 |
MX2007010515A (es) | 2008-10-24 |
KR20070110080A (ko) | 2007-11-15 |
CN101137605A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
JP2008532975A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
CA2599255A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
WO2006094938A3 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
BRPI0608337A2 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
US20080269536A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP1858831A2 (de) | 2007-11-28 |
AU2006222065A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
TW200640847A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
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