WO2006079685A1 - Configuration pour refroidir une machine electrique - Google Patents

Configuration pour refroidir une machine electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006079685A1
WO2006079685A1 PCT/FI2006/000025 FI2006000025W WO2006079685A1 WO 2006079685 A1 WO2006079685 A1 WO 2006079685A1 FI 2006000025 W FI2006000025 W FI 2006000025W WO 2006079685 A1 WO2006079685 A1 WO 2006079685A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
cooling
cooling medium
electrical machine
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2006/000025
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jarkko Saramo
Yrjö Tyllinen
Hannu Kurkinen
Original Assignee
Abb Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Oy filed Critical Abb Oy
Publication of WO2006079685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079685A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/14—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle
    • H02K9/18—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle wherein the external part of the closed circuit comprises a heat exchanger structurally associated with the machine casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a configuration for the, cooling of an electrical machine according to the introduction part of claim 1.
  • the cooling medium cools a component that generates heat, subsequently flows through one or more heat exchangers and releases its heat to an external cooling medium flowing through the heat exchanger, and returns to the heat-generating component after cooling down.
  • the cooling medium exits the machine after having cooled the heat-generating component. Flow is created using a fan or blower, for example.
  • a symmetrically cooled electrical machine In a symmetrically cooled electrical machine, the flow of the cooling medium is intro- pokerd into both ends of the machine and removed at the middle of the machine. In asymmetrically cooled electrical machines, the cooling medium first flows to one end of the machine from where it is conducted through the machine and removed from the other end. Symmetrical cooling is more complex in terms of construction, and its manufacturing costs are higher.
  • the cooling medium first flows through the active part of the electrical machine and then back to the heat exchanger or out of the machine.
  • This arrangement results in the end of the rotor receiving the flow of the cooling medium first always being cooler than the other end that receives the flow of the cooling medium after it has flowed through the rotor and stator and warmed up. This causes unbalance in the temperature distribution and limits output power. The situation is particularly problematic at the end winding of an electrical machine in which the temperature can reach very high levels within a small area.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to create an arrangement for improving the cool- ing of an electrical machine.
  • the invention is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing portion of claim 1. Some other preferred embodiments of the invention have the characteristics specified in the dependent claims.
  • the flow of the cooling medium moving inside the electrical machine is cooled in a heat exchanger, and after the heat exchange, the cooling medium that is substantially at the same temperature is divided into at least two parts before being conducted to the locations that require cooling.
  • a part of the flow of the cooling medium is conducted to the first end of the electrical machine that provides the machine's mechanical output.
  • a part of the flow of the cooling medium is conducted directly to the free end using a pipe or duct, for example, before it comes into touch with any other hot surfaces that require cooling.
  • the warmed-up flow of the cooling medium is removed from the machine at the end or middle of the machine and conducted to the heat exchanger.
  • the flow of the cooling medium conducted to the first end of the electrical machine cools the end windings of the stator and/or rotor. After this, it flows through the active part of the electrical machine, the rotor and the stator, cooling it, and further to the other end of the machine, the free end.
  • the flow of cooling air conducted to the second end of the electrical machine cools the end windings of the stator and/or rotor at that end.
  • the flows of cooling medium are removed from the machine at the second end.
  • the temperature of the flow of the cooling medium mixed at the free end is lower than the temperature of the flow that has passed through the active part.
  • the fact that the temperature of the flow of the cooling medium decreases and the flow rate remains the same results in more efficient cooling of the free end. This reduces the temperature at the end windings and the temperature difference between the ends of the machine.
  • a potentially decreased flow of the cooling medium at the first end of the machine increases the temperature at that end. This will further reduce the temperature difference between the first and second ends of the machine.
  • a pipe or bypass duct to the circulation of the cooling medium in a machine with a symmetrical circulation of air allows the use of a thermally better asym- metric heat exchanger such as a counterflow heat exchanger. This allows the cooled medium to be conducted to both ends of the machine from the coolest part of the heat exchanger.
  • the intake temperature of the cooling air flows going from the heat exchanger to the first and second end of the machine is sub- stantially equal.
  • the temperature endurance of the electrical machine's insulators is the same at all locations where insulators are used - that is, the thermal endurance of the insulator used on the rotor and stator sheet packs is the same as that of the insulator used on the winding over the sheet pack. For this reason, the aim is to always balance temperature differ- ences within the machine.
  • the solution according to the invention balances temperature differences. In a conventional symmetrical cooling solution, one end of the heat exchanger is hotter than the other due to the increase in external circulation temperature within the bank of tubes. In the solution according to the invention, the cooling medium for different parts requiring cooling is taken from the same location within the heat ex- changer, providing an equal temperature at the different parts of flow.
  • the proportion of air flow bypassing the active part of the electrical machine depends on the cooling capacity required at the free end. The proportion may become significant, for example 60%.
  • An arrangement according to the invention is able to achieve cooling performance close to that of a symmetrically cooled machine while using asymmetrical cooling.
  • an asymmetrical heat exchanger can be used in a symmetrically cooled electrical machine.
  • the configuration is preferable in terms of manufacturing technique. Additional blowers or heat exchangers are not necessarily required; only piping or ducts and deflector plates are added to the electrical machine.
  • Wind power generators are a potential application for the invention.
  • the rotational speed range required in wind power generators is wide, which imposes great challenges on the durability of supporting the rotor end windings.
  • Proper support for the rotor end windings often results in weakened cooling of the end windings.
  • the solution according to the invention can ensure the cooling of the rotor end windings at both ends of the electrical machine.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration according to the invention in an electrical machine
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the flows of cooling air in a configuration according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the configuration for cooling an electrical machine according to the invention.
  • the electrical machine 11 is a slip-ring generator having an electrical power of 2 MW, for example.
  • the machine requires approximately 80 IcW of cooling power.
  • the cooling air flow 1 approximately 2.0 m 3 /s, is conducted through a heat exchanger 4.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is a tubular heat exchanger with outdoor air as the external cooling medium 12; it is transferred to the heat exchanger using a blower 15.
  • the cooling air flow 1 cools down from the return temperature of approximately 95 °C to the intake temperature of approximately 45 °C, releasing heat to the external flow of cooling medium.
  • a part of the cooled-down air flow 2 is conducted to the first end 6 of the electrical machine that provides its mechanical output. From there, the air flows through the stator 8 and the rotor 9 to the other end of the machine, the free end 7.
  • a second part of the cooled-down air flow 3, 0.7 m 3 /s, is conducted directly from the heat exchanger 4 to the free end 7 of the machine using a longitudinal pipe or duct 5.
  • the air flow 3 is not in touch with any component requiring cooling, which allows air of almost equal tempera- tures to be conducted to both ends of the machine.
  • the cooling air flow 3 is conducted from the duct 5 to the end winding area of the free end 7 using an air deflector 13.
  • the cooling air flows 2 and 3 are allowed to freely mix with each other.
  • the intermixing is guided using an air deflector in order to conduct the warmed-up air flow 2 directly to the blower 10 without deteriorating the efficient cooling effect of the cool air flow 3 conducted through the duct 5.
  • a part of the hot air that has flowed through the machine, or possibly all of it, should be conducted directly to the inlet side of the blower 10.
  • the cool air flow 3 efficiently cools the end windings 14 at the free end 7 of the machine.
  • the mixed air flow 1 that has warmed up to approximately 95 0 C is conducted by the blower 10 back to the heat exchanger 4 for cooling.
  • the ratio between the flows of the cooling medium 2 and 3 conducted to the first 6 and second 7 end of the machine can vary between 85/15 and 50/50. It can specifically be 70/30.
  • the flow of the cooling medium 2 cools the end windings at the first end 6 of the machine, the stator and the rotor, while the second flow of the cooling medium 3 cools the end windings at the second end 7.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a configuration according to the invention in an electrical machine.
  • the electrical machine is a slip-ring generator that is often used in wind power technology. It is air-cooled, and the cooling air circulation is closed.
  • the rotor 9 is equipped with passages in the radial and axial directions allowing air flow through the rotor to the middle of the machine and further to the space between the elec- trical machine and the heat exchanger, from where the air flows back to the heat ex- changer.
  • the stator 8 is equipped with passages in the radial direction that allow radial flow of air.
  • FIG 3 illustrates the flows of cooling air within the electrical machine illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the medium 12a in the external cooling circuit is conducted from the left- hand end of the electrical machine to the bank of tubes 16 and comes out of the right- hand end 12b of the machine.
  • the cooling medium 1 in the internal circuit is first conducted to the bank of tubes 16 at the right-hand end of the machine.
  • the configuration includes a separate blower 15 improving the circulation of the medium.
  • the cooling medium 1 is again conducted down through the bank of tubes 16.
  • the cooling medium 2, 3 is conducted to both ends of the machine, partially using a bypass duct.
  • the cooling medium cools the rotor end windings 17. From both ends, cooled air is conducted to the middle of the machine from which it is removed to the space between the machine and the heat exchanger and further to the right-hand end of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 4 operates on the asymmetrical principle even though the cooling system of the electrical machine is symmetrical.
  • the numerical values presented in the first embodiment are examples and are provided to illustrate the invention.
  • the invention is also applicable to other power ranges and temperature levels, as well as different types of electrical machines.
  • the mechanical configuration of the machine can also be arranged on the shaft of the rotor at either end of the machine using a well-known method.
  • the configuration for cooling an electrical machine is particularly suitable for electrical machines in the power range of 1 to 5 MW.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une configuration permettant de refroidir une machine électrique (11), ladite machine comprenant au moins une première extrémité (6) dotée de premiers composants (14) produisant une puissance thermique et une seconde extrémité (7) pourvue de seconds composants (14) produisant une puissance thermique, et ladite machine comprenant des organes conduisant un fluide de refroidissement (1) vers au moins les premiers et les seconds composants (14) produisant une puissance thermique. La configuration comprend des organes pouvant répartir le fluide de refroidissement (1) en au moins deux parties (2, 3). De plus, la configuration comprend des organes pouvant conduire le fluide de refroidissement (2) vers la première extrémité (6) de la machine, et des organes comprenant au moins un tuyau ou un conduit (5), la seconde partie du fluide de refroidissement (3) pouvant être conduite vers les bobines d'extrémité (14, 17) situées sur la seconde extrémité (7) de la machine. Les parties du fluide de refroidissement (2, 3) sont à une température sensiblement égale.
PCT/FI2006/000025 2005-01-28 2006-01-30 Configuration pour refroidir une machine electrique WO2006079685A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20050098 2005-01-28
FI20050098A FI20050098A (fi) 2005-01-28 2005-01-28 Järjestely sähkökoneen jäähdytyksessä

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006079685A1 true WO2006079685A1 (fr) 2006-08-03

Family

ID=34112644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2006/000025 WO2006079685A1 (fr) 2005-01-28 2006-01-30 Configuration pour refroidir une machine electrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI20050098A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006079685A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3522338A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor à canaux de refroidissement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643119A (en) * 1970-11-05 1972-02-15 Gen Electric Ventilated dynamoelectric machine
SU736273A1 (ru) * 1978-02-13 1980-05-25 За витель Электрическа машина
SU754575A1 (ru) * 1977-04-12 1980-08-07 Nikolaj A Kutsyn Электрическая машина 1
JPH0690547A (ja) * 1992-07-21 1994-03-29 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 突極形回転電機の通風冷却装置
US5317224A (en) * 1990-02-03 1994-05-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine with means for guiding cooling air supplied from outside of the machine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643119A (en) * 1970-11-05 1972-02-15 Gen Electric Ventilated dynamoelectric machine
SU754575A1 (ru) * 1977-04-12 1980-08-07 Nikolaj A Kutsyn Электрическая машина 1
SU736273A1 (ru) * 1978-02-13 1980-05-25 За витель Электрическа машина
US5317224A (en) * 1990-02-03 1994-05-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine with means for guiding cooling air supplied from outside of the machine
JPH0690547A (ja) * 1992-07-21 1994-03-29 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 突極形回転電機の通風冷却装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3522338A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor à canaux de refroidissement
WO2019149508A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor comprenant des conduits de refroidissement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20050098A (fi) 2006-07-29
FI20050098A0 (fi) 2005-01-28

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