WO2006076260A1 - Synthese de metaux nanostructures totalement denses, en vrac, et composites a matrice metallique - Google Patents

Synthese de metaux nanostructures totalement denses, en vrac, et composites a matrice metallique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006076260A1
WO2006076260A1 PCT/US2006/000598 US2006000598W WO2006076260A1 WO 2006076260 A1 WO2006076260 A1 WO 2006076260A1 US 2006000598 W US2006000598 W US 2006000598W WO 2006076260 A1 WO2006076260 A1 WO 2006076260A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
metal
temperature
aluminum
powder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/000598
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Julie M. Schoenung
Jichun Ye
Original Assignee
The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Regents Of The University Of California filed Critical The Regents Of The University Of California
Publication of WO2006076260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006076260A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/041Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/049Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising at particular temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of nanostructured materials through cryomilling and spark plasma sintering.
  • Nanostructured material is material with a microstructure the characteristic length of which is on the order of a few (typically 1-500) nanometers.
  • Microstructure refers to the chemical composition, the arrangement of the atoms (the atomic structure), and the size of a solid in one, two, or three dimensions.
  • Nanostructured materials have received increasing attention due to their superior physical and mechanical properties. They are used in the electronic industry, telecommunication, electrical, magnetic, structural, optical, catalytic, biomedical, drug delivery, and in consumer goods.
  • Nanostructured materials have generally been produced by ( 1 ) powder metallurgy,
  • nanostructured materials are commonly made via mechanical milling of powder and subsequent consolidation of the powder into bulk materials.
  • contamination is unavoidable during mechanical milling, either from the processing media or atmosphere, and grain growth during consolidation can occur. Modification of these methods, however, can lead to the development of processes that are more practical. For instance, it has been reported that mechanical milling under liquid nitrogen can prevent the powders from being severely oxidized from air, and small nitride or oxy-nitride particles, which are within the size of 2-10 nm, are produced in-situ during milling.
  • These dispersoids can both strengthen the metal and enhance the thermal stability (i.e., control the grain growth) of the nanostructured materials.
  • the temperature and/or period to consolidate nanostructured powders into fully dense bulk materials can be reduced, severe grain growth can be suspended and thus the nanostructure can again be retained.
  • sol-gel solution-gelation
  • Physical or thermal processing involves the formation and collection of nanoparticles through the rapid cooling of a supersaturated vapor (gas phase condensation, U.S. Patent No. 5,128,081).
  • Thermal processes create the supersaturated vapor in a variety of ways, including laser ablation, plasma torch synthesis, combustion flame, exploding wires, spark erosion, electron beam evaporation, sputtering (ion collision), hi laser ablation, for example, a high-energy pulsed laser is focused on a target containing the material to be processed.
  • the high temperature of the resulting plasma greater than 10,000 0 K) vaporizes the material quickly allowing the process to operate at room temperature.
  • the process is capable of producing a variety of nanostructured materials on the laboratory scale, but it has the disadvantage of being extremely expensive due to the inherent energy inefficiency of lasers, and, therefore, is not suitable for industrial scale production.
  • Cryogenic milling or cryomilling is a modified mechanical milling technique where the mechanical milling is carried out at cryogenic temperatures, usually in liquid nitrogen or a similar chilled atmosphere.
  • Cryomilling has been employed to successfully fabricate nanostructured aluminum alloy powders and powders for aluminum metal matrix composites, which exhibit good thermal stability, because the cryogenic temperature retards the recovery of the aluminum. Strain is accumulated during cryomilling, leading to dislocation activity, ultimately causing the formation of nanoscaled grains within the cryomilled powder.
  • cryomilled aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composite powders have nanoscaled structures with very good thermal stability. Also, cryomilling can be easily scaled up to produce tonnage quantities. Thus, cryomilling is one of the few processing approaches available for the fabrication of large quantities of nanostructured metal powders.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,818,481 to Luton et al. discloses the use of cryomilling to disperse a second phase within an aluminum alloy where the repeated fracture and cold-welding of metal powder involved in ball milling causes strain energy to be stored within the milled particles. This strain energy is introduced through the formation of dislocations, which result in decreased grain size compared to that of the starting powders. The decreased grain size also corresponds to a dispersed secondary phase within the alloy which, in turn, results in improved mechanical properties in the finished product. Different types of oxide dispersions can be dispersed within aluminum alloys by this method.
  • the present invention provides methods for the synthesis of fully dense nanostructured materials, such as nanostructured aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites.
  • the compositions thus synthesized find use in the defense industry, aerospace industry, electronics industry, and in biotechnology and drug delivery, among others.
  • the invention provides methods for the synthesis of nanostructured materials where the starting materials are cryogenically milled and consolidated by spark plasma sintering.
  • the invention provides nanostructured aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites with improved mechanical properties, such as microhardness or strength.
  • the nanostructured aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites thus produced find use in the defense industry, aerospace industry, electronics industry, and in biotechnology and drug delivery, among others.
  • the invention provides methods for producing nanostructured materials, where the methods comprise (a) providing metal powder and optionally a reinforcement, (b) mechanically milling (a) at cryogenic temperatures to provide nanostructured powders, (c) removing gaseous components from the cryomilled powders, and (d) consolidating the cryomilled powder by spark plasma sintering.
  • the metal powder can be Al, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, W, or combinations thereof, and preferably is an aluminum alloy.
  • the reinforcement can be oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, metals, intermetallics, or alloys. Thus, the reinforcement can be boron carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or aluminum oxide.
  • the invention provides methods for producing nanostructured aluminum alloys, the methods comprising (a) providing aluminum alloy and a reinforcement, (bj mechanically milling (a) at a temperature of about -150 °C to about -300 0 C, (c) removing gaseous components from (b), and (d) consolidating (c) by spark plasma sintering.
  • the aluminum alloy can additionally contain a metal powder such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, W, or combinations thereof.
  • the reinforcement can be oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, metals, intermetallics, or alloys.
  • the reinforcement can be boron carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or aluminum oxide.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image for the bulk 5083 Al processes by cryomilling and SPS.
  • TEM transmission electron microscopy
  • Figure 2 illustrates a dark field TEM image for the bulk 5083 Al processes by cryomilling and SPS.
  • nanostructured material generally refers to a material having average grain sizes on the order of nanometers.
  • nanostructured materials may include those alloys having an average grain size of 500 nanometers (nm) or less.
  • cryomilling describes the fine milling of metallic constituents at extremely low temperatures. Cryomilling takes place within a ball mill such as an attritor with metallic or ceramic balls. During milling, the mill temperature is lowered by using liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid krypton or liquid xenon. In an attritor, energy is supplied in the form of motion to the balls within the attritor, which impinge portions of the metal alloy powder within the attritor, causing repeated fracturing and welding of the metal.
  • the term “powder” or “particle” are used interchangeably and encompass oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, chalcogenides, halides, metals, intermetallics, ceramics, polymers, alloys, and combinations thereof.
  • the term includes single metal, multi- metal, and complex compositions. Further, the terms include one-dimensional materials (fibers, tubes), two-dimensional materials (platelets, films, laminates, planar), and three-dimensional materials (spheres, cones, ovals, cylindrical, cubes, monoclinic, parallelepipeds, dumbbells, hexagonal, truncated dodecahedron, irregular shaped structures, and the like).
  • nanopowders or “nanostructured powders,” are used interchangeably and refer to powders having a mean grain size less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 250 nm, or more preferably less than about 100 nm.
  • the term "alloy" describes a solid comprising two or more elements, such as aluminum and a second metal selected from magnesium, lithium, silicon, titanium, and zirconium.
  • the alloy may contain metals such as Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, W, or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention discloses methods for synthesizing nanostructured materials, and compositions thereof.
  • the synthesis employs a combined processing route where cryomilling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) are used to synthesize and consolidate nanostructured materials.
  • SPS spark plasma sintering
  • the methods of the invention have the advantage of having shorter consolidation time and lower consolidation temperature.
  • the inventive methods do not require the use of high pressure gases, such as high pressure argon that is normally required by the existing methods, e.g. HIP.
  • the inventive methods allow for suspending severe grain growth and maintaining the nanostructure due to the lower consolidation temperature and shorter consolidation time.
  • the inventive methods do not require secondary consolidation steps, e.g.
  • the sintering occurs in vacuum in the presence of a strong reducing agent, e.g., the graphite that is used as the film and die.
  • a strong reducing agent e.g., the graphite that is used as the film and die.
  • the consolidation of the nanostructured material to foil density does not require a degassing step, and the consolidated materials have good thermal stability, i.e., grains remain in the nanometer scale even after consolidation and use.
  • the SPS sample contains two distinct regions with different grain sizes. The small (nano) sized grains contribute to high strength, while the large (submicron) sized grains enhance the ductility of the materials.
  • the lower processing cost of SPS compensates for the higher processing cost of cryomilling, thus making the combined processing route economically feasible and scalable.
  • the methods of the present invention can be used with metals with low melting temperatures, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Al, and mixtures thereof, or with refractory metals, such as Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W, metal matrix composites, and intermetallics.
  • the metal powder to be processed is pre-alloyed powder that can be used directly in the cryomilling process.
  • the powder to be processed is non-alloyed powder wherein two or more different metal powders are added to the cryomill, and the cryomilling process is used to mix together the metal constituents thereby alloying the metals.
  • the methods of the present invention can be used with low melting metals, such as
  • the starting metals are manipulated in a substantially oxygen free atmosphere.
  • the metal is aluminum
  • the aluminum is preferably supplied by atomizing the aluminum from an aluminum source and collecting and storing the atomized aluminum in a container under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the inert atmosphere prevents the surface of the aluminum particles from excessive oxidation and prevents contaminants such as moisture from reacting with the raw metal powder.
  • other metals that can readily oxidize are treated in the same manner as aluminum prior to and after milling.
  • the metal for use in the invention can be selected from a Group 2A metal, such as Be or Mg, and mixtures thereof, a Group 3 A metal, such as Al, and mixtures thereof, a Group 4A metal, such Sn or Pb, and mixtures thereof, a Group V metal, such as V or Nb, and mixtures thereof, a Group VI metal including Cr, W, or Mo, and mixtures thereof, VII metal, such as, Mn, or Re, a Group VIII metal including Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, and mixtures thereof, the lanthanides, such as Ce, Eu, Er, or Yb and mixtures thereof, or transition metals such as Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Sc, Y, or La and mixtures thereof.
  • a Group 2A metal such as Be or Mg, and mixtures thereof
  • a Group 3 A metal such as Al, and mixtures thereof
  • a Group 4A metal such Sn or Pb
  • a Group V metal such
  • mixtures of metals such as bimetallics, which may be employed by the present invention include Fe — Al, Al- — Mg, Co-Cr, Co-W, Co— Mo, Ni-Cr, Ni-W, Ni-Mo, Ru-Cr, Ru-W, Ru-Mo, Rh-Cr, Rh-W, Rh- Mo, Pd-Cr, Pd-W, Pd-Mo, Ir-Cr, Ir-W, Pt-W, and Pt-Mo.
  • the metal is aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, copper, molybdenum, or a mixture thereof.
  • the metal or mixture of metals can be processed to obtain the desired grain size and grain size distribution.
  • elemental compositions include, but are not limited to, (a) precious metals such as platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium, ruthenium and their alloys; (b) base and rare earth metals such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, titanium, samarium, cerium, europium, erbium, and neodymium; (c) semi-metals such as boron, silicon, tin, indium, selenium, tellurium, and bismuth; (d) non-metals such as carbon, phosphorus, and halogens; and (e) alloys such as steel, shape memory alloys, aluminum alloys, manganese alloys, and superplastic alloys.
  • precious metals such as platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium, ruthenium and their alloys
  • base and rare earth metals such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, titanium, sama
  • the starting metal powder can additionally be mixed with a certain amount of reinforcement, also called ceramic composition (oxide, carbide, nitride, boride, chalcogenide), or an intermetallic composition (aluminide, suicide) or an elemental composition.
  • ceramic composition oxide, carbide, nitride, boride, chalcogenide
  • intermetallic composition aluminide, suicide
  • Ceramic composition examples include, but are not limited to (a) simple oxides such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and tin oxide; (b) multi-metal oxides such as aluminum silicon oxide, copper zinc oxide, nickel iron oxide, magnesium aluminum oxide, calcium aluminum oxide, calcium aluminum silicon oxide, indium tin oxide, yttrium zirconium oxide, calcium cerium oxide, scandium yttrium zirconium oxide, barium titanium oxide, barium iron oxide and silver copper zinc oxide; (c) carbides such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, iron carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, molybdenum carbide, and vanadium carbide; (d) nitrides such as silicon nitride, boron nitride, iron nitrid
  • the starting metal powders can be mixed with some compounds other than ceramics.
  • Such compounds may include, for instance, organometallic compounds such as metal alkoxides, as well as nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, and hydroxides. These may be in the form of a powder or a liquid.
  • the molar ratio of metals to added ceramic reinforcement is preferably 1000:1 to about 1:1, preferably about 500:1 to about 5:1, and more preferably about 100:1 to about 10:1
  • powders can be cryomilled, wherein fracturing and welding of the metal particles is carried out in a very low temperature environment.
  • the milling can be using shaker type mills, attritor mills, planetary mills, ball mills, or rotary mills.
  • the cryomilling of the metal powder takes place within an attritor.
  • the attritor is typically a cylindrical vessel filled with a large number of ceramic or metallic spherical balls.
  • a single fixed-axis shaft is disposed within the attritor vessel, and there are several radial arms extending from the shaft.
  • the arms cause the spherical balls to move about the attritor.
  • the attritor contains metal powder and the attritor is activated, portions of the metal powder are impinged between the metal balls as they move about the attritor. The force of the metal balls repeatedly impinges the metal particles and causes the metal particles to be continually fractured and welded together.
  • the milling of the powders at low temperatures imparts a high degree of plastic strain within the powder particles.
  • the repeated deformation causes a buildup of dislocation substructure within the particles.
  • the dislocations evolve into cellular networks that become high-angle grain boundaries sepa the very small grains of the metal. Grain size as small as approximately 10 " meter have observed via electron microscopy and measured by x-ray diffraction. Structures having dimensions smaller than 10 "7 meter, such as those found in the material produced at this the invented process, are commonly referred to as nanostructured.
  • an organic polymer such as polyethylene glycol, polyviny alcohol, and the like, or organic acids, such as stearic acid, ethyl acetate, ethylene bidisfc and dodecane may be added as one of the components to be milled with the metal powd addition of organic components promotes the fracturing of metal particles during millin] prevents the severe adhesion of the metal powders onto the milling media and milling tc
  • the temperature of the metal powder is preferably about -1 lower, such as about -300 °C.
  • the temperature of the metal powder is reduce using liquefied inert gases, such as liquid nitrogen (bp -196 0 C), liquid argon (bp -186 ' liquid helium (bp -269 0 C), liquid neon, liquid krypton or liquid xenon.
  • liquefied inert gases such as liquid nitrogen (bp -196 0 C), liquid argon (bp -186 ' liquid helium (bp -269 0 C), liquid neon, liquid krypton or liquid xenon.
  • liq ⁇ is a convenient way to lower the temperature of the entire cryomilling system.
  • surrounding the metal powder in liquid gases limits exposure of the metal powder to ox moisture, ha operation, the liquid gas is placed inside the attritor, in contact with the rm particles and the attritor balls.
  • a 150 liter (40 gal) attritor is preferably operated at a speed of about 100 1 rpm.
  • the amount of powder added to the attritor is dependent upon the size and numbe within the attritor vessel.
  • For a 150 liter attritor filled with 640 kg of 0.25" diameter ste up to approximately 20 kg of metal powder may be milled at any one time. Milling is c for a time sufficient to reach an equilibrium nanostructured grain size within the metal.
  • the metal alloy powder is a homogenous solid solution of al and the secondary metal, optionally having other added tertiary metal components and optionally having minor amounts of metallic precipitate interspersed within the alloy ai optionally having ceramic reinforcements interspersed within the alloy.
  • Grain structure the alloy is very stable and grain size is less than 500 nm. Depending on the alloy and ⁇ milling the average grain size is less than about 300 nm, and preferably may be lower than about 100 nm.
  • the metal alloy powder After the metal alloy powder, with the proper composition and grain structure, is produced, it is consolidated into a form that may be shaped into a useful object.
  • the consolidation may be by hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), cold isostatic pressing (CIP), or spark plasma sintering (SPS).
  • the consolidation is preferably by HIP or SPS, more preferably SPS. If consolidation is by HIP, the metal powder can be canned, degassed, and then compacted and welded. After consolidating, the solid mass of the metal may be worked and shaped. The consolidated metal can be extruded into a usable metal component, and forged if necessary. Further, there are no particular limitations concerning the conditions of the HIP treatment and can be varied.
  • the HIP treatment above may be carried out under an inert atmosphere such as of nitrogen, argon, or helium and the retention time at the treatment temperature and pressure may be in a range of from 0.5 to 3 hours, and particularly, approximately in a range of from 1 to 2 hours.
  • an inert atmosphere such as of nitrogen, argon, or helium
  • the retention time at the treatment temperature and pressure may be in a range of from 0.5 to 3 hours, and particularly, approximately in a range of from 1 to 2 hours.
  • the metal alloy is preferably consolidated by SPS .
  • the SPS system can be commercially obtained, such as Dr. Sinter 1050 apparatus (Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Japan).
  • Dr. Sinter 1050 apparatus Suditomo Coal Mining Co., Japan.
  • a graphite die with an inner diameter of about 20 mm to about 100 mm is used. The larger inner diameter is selected for the fabrication of large pieces of bulk materials.
  • the uniaxial pressure for SPS can be applied by the top and bottom graphite punches thereby eliminating the need for high-pressure argon.
  • the alloy from cryomilling is degassed to remove the gaseous materials, including stearic acid.
  • the removal of gaseous components is preferably carried out at a temperature between about 200 °C and 600 °C, more preferably at a temperature between about 300 0 C and 500 °C. Then, the alloy in the SPS system is heated at a rate of about 10-500 °C/min and held at the sintering temperature for about 1 min to about 60 min, preferably about 2 min to about 15 min.
  • the sintering temperature is carried out at a temperature between about 40 % and 100% of the absolute melting temperature of the metal phase, preferably between about 60% and about 95% of the absolute melting temperature of the metal phase, more preferably about 80% and about 95% of the absolute melting temperature of the metal phase.
  • the sintered alloy obtained by cryomilling and SPS consolidation has a relative density with respect to the theoretical density of about 99.0% or higher, preferably about 99.6% or higher, more preferably about 99.7% or higher, and particularly preferably, about 99.8% or higher.
  • a relative density lower than 99.0% is not preferred, because the resulting alloy exhibits impaired strength and hardness at room temperature as well as at high temperatures.
  • the density of aluminum 5083 according to the present invention is preferably 2.63 g/cm 3 , and more preferably, 2.65 g/cm 3 or higher (the upper limit is the theoretical density of the resulting material). Setting the density in the above range is preferred, because the sintered materials can be sufficiently densif ⁇ ed for improving strength and hardness, while also improving abrasion resistance.
  • the alloy powder is handled in an inert atmosphere, such as a dry nitrogen or an argon atmosphere or in vacuum.
  • the inert atmosphere prevents oxidation of the surface of the alloy powder particles.
  • the inert atmosphere further prevents the introduction of moisture to the alloy and prevents other contaminants, which might be problematic in the extruded solid, from entering the powder.
  • the size and distribution of grains within the nanostructured material produced by the present invention may be verified by any suitable method.
  • One method of verification uses an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). XRD measurements can be performed using Cu K ⁇ radiation in a Siemens D5000 diffractometer equipped with a graphite monochromator. The grain size of the material can be calculated on the basis of the peak broadening. The methods described above may be used to produce nanostructured materials with a certain size distribution.
  • the sintered aluminum according to the present invention has an average grain size of 500 run or smaller, preferably from 1 nm to about 300 nm, more preferably, from 3 nm to about 200 nm, further preferably, from 5 nm to about 150 nm.
  • the nanostructured materials comprise grains between about 3 nm and about 10 nm in size.
  • the nanostructured materials comprise grains between about 5 nm and about 50 nm in size, hi still another embodiment, the nanostructured materials comprise grains between about 20 nm and about 40 nm in size.
  • the calculation from XRD peak broadening shows us the average grain size is 25 nm for as-cryomilled Al powders, 40 nm for degassed powders, and 44-60 nm for SPS-consolidated powders depending on the sintering parameters.
  • TEM transmission electron microscopy
  • a suitable model is the Phillips CM300 FEG TEM that is commercially available from FEI Company of Hillsboro, OR.
  • the metal nanoparticles are typically thinned to achieve a foil that is thin enough for an electron beam to pass through.
  • the TEM samples can be prepared using any of the known art procedures. For example, the powders and epoxy can be mixed to create a slurry, which can then be mounted into a stainless steel nut, sliced from a stainless steel pipe with an outside diameter of 3 mm and an inside diameter of 2 mm, to form a 3-mm diameter disk.
  • the disk can be ground and dimpled to a thickness of approximately 30 ⁇ m using a dimpler fitted with alumina grinders.
  • the particle size of the alumina grinders descend from a 3 ⁇ m grade to a 1 ⁇ m grade.
  • Further thinning perforation process can be carried out using a Gatan 600 argon ion mill at the temperature of near liquid nitrogen temperature (the extension of sample holder can be soaked in liquid nitrogen) with an angle range from 22° to 10°.
  • the TEM apparatus is then used to obtain micrographs of the particles that can be used to determine the grain size and grain size distribution of the nanostructure powder created.
  • the methods of the present invention synthesize sintered aluminum 5083 having high strength and hardness. More specifically, the sintered aluminum 5083 yields a Vicker's hardness of 100 or higher, preferably 120 or higher, and more preferably, 160 or higher.
  • the nanostructured materials of the present invention have numerous applications in industries such as, but not limited to, space shuttle and satellite components, jet aircraft components, helicopter roof control spiders and swashplates, combustion engine components, brake rotors, gear box components, missile components, armor vehicle body and components, diesel pistons, bicycle frames and components, automotive propeller shaft, corrosion sensitive applications, biomedical, sensor, electronic, telecommunications, optics, electrical, photonic, thermal, piezo, magnetic and electrochemical products.
  • industries such as, but not limited to, space shuttle and satellite components, jet aircraft components, helicopter roof control spiders and swashplates, combustion engine components, brake rotors, gear box components, missile components, armor vehicle body and components, diesel pistons, bicycle frames and components, automotive propeller shaft, corrosion sensitive applications, biomedical, sensor, electronic, telecommunications, optics, electrical, photonic, thermal, piezo, magnetic and electrochemical products.
  • B 4 C were synthesized by cryomilling and spark plasma sintering.
  • a small amount of stearic acid (0.2 wt%) was added into the milling chamber as a process control agent to prevent severe adhesion of the powders onto the chamber and milling balls.
  • the cryomilled powder was degassed at 400 °C, and loaded into a graphite die and cold pressed through the punches under a load of 2000 pounds for one minute.
  • the powder was consolidated using spark plasma sintering apparatus under vacuum.
  • the ramping time from room temperature to 350 0 C was 3 minutes.
  • the powders were then kept at 350 0 C for 3 minutes under the uniaxial sintering pressure of 80 MPa.
  • the densities of the compacts thus obtained were measured using Archimedes method.
  • the hardness at room temperature for the sintered composite was obtained by the Vicker's hardness measurement method under a load of 2.942N.
  • the density of the bulk materials is 2.64 g/cm 3 , 99.9% of the theoretical density.
  • the hardness for this bulk composite is 288.7 HV and the average grain size in the aluminum 5083 matrix is 56 nm.
  • the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of sintered B 4 C reinforced aluminum composites shows that the compacts are nanostructured materials.
  • the densities of the compacts thus obtained were measured using Archimedes method.
  • the densities of the bulk materials were 2.65g/cm 3 , 100% of the theoretical density.
  • XRD, and hardness testing were used to characterize the consolidated compacts, and results showed that the hardness for this bulk composite is 233.3 HV with an average grain size of 44.8 nm in the matrix.
  • the grain size for SPS 5083 Al in the small-grained region is comparable to the Al grains in the as-cryomilled 5083 Al powders, indicating that the small grain size can be retained after consolidation by SPS.
  • Some grains in the cryomilled powders grew during SPS, forming the region containing the larger grains. These larger grains have a wide distribution in size, from 50 to 200 nm.
  • the presence of the small grains in the SPS 5083 Al contributes to the higher strength of the material, while the presence of the large grains contributes to the ductility of the material.
  • the densities of the compacts thus obtained were measured using Archimedes method.
  • the densities of the bulk materials were 2.63g/cm 3 , 99.0% of the theoretical density.
  • XRD, and hardness testing were used to characterize the consolidated compacts, and results showed that the hardness for this bulk material is 165.3 HV with an average grain size of 56.6 nm.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des alliages nanostructurés en vrac, tels que les alliages d'aluminium 5083 renforcés par 10 % en poids de B4C particulaire, sont synthétisés par cryo-boyage et frittage plasma par étincelage. Les matériaux pour l'alliage sont sélectionnés et les matériaux bruts sélectionnés sont cryo-broyés, c'est-à-dire broyés mécaniquement à des températures cryogéniques, afin de fabriquer des alliages nanostructurés à basses températures. Les poudres cryo-broyées sont ensuite dégazées et consolidées par frittage plasma par étincelage en matériaux en vrac denses. Les matériaux ainsi obtenus présentent une densité quasi-totale, tout en conservant leur nature nanocristalline. Les densités de ces comprimés ont été mesurées au moyen du principe d'Archimède. La diffraction des rayons X, la microscopie électronique à balayage, la microscopie électronique à transmission et des essais de dureté sont utilisés pour caractériser ces poudres cryo-broyées et comprimés consolidés.
PCT/US2006/000598 2005-01-10 2006-01-09 Synthese de metaux nanostructures totalement denses, en vrac, et composites a matrice metallique WO2006076260A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/033,099 US20060153728A1 (en) 2005-01-10 2005-01-10 Synthesis of bulk, fully dense nanostructured metals and metal matrix composites
US11/033,099 2005-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006076260A1 true WO2006076260A1 (fr) 2006-07-20

Family

ID=36653427

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/000598 WO2006076260A1 (fr) 2005-01-10 2006-01-09 Synthese de metaux nanostructures totalement denses, en vrac, et composites a matrice metallique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20060153728A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006076260A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1956107A1 (fr) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-13 Nippon Light Metal, Co., Ltd. Matériau composite d'alliage de poudre d'aluminium pour absorber les neutrons, processus de production correspondant et panier réalisé correspondant
CN107214338A (zh) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-29 薛富盛 积层制造方法及其加工机
RU2640055C1 (ru) * 2016-11-30 2017-12-26 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" (ТПУ) Металлокерамический композит и способ его получения (варианты)
CN108326306A (zh) * 2018-01-09 2018-07-27 武汉大学 一种孔隙率可控的多孔纳米金属制备方法
CN110238404A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-17 西北工业大学 一种异质材料复杂结构件的高能束增材制造方法

Families Citing this family (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9682425B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2017-06-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Coated metallic powder and method of making the same
US7998401B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2011-08-16 Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. Method for producing aluminum composite material
US20080277092A1 (en) 2005-04-19 2008-11-13 Layman Frederick P Water cooling system and heat transfer system
US8137755B2 (en) * 2005-04-20 2012-03-20 The Boeing Company Method for preparing pre-coated, ultra-fine, submicron grain high-temperature aluminum and aluminum-alloy components and components prepared thereby
KR100841418B1 (ko) 2006-11-29 2008-06-25 희성금속 주식회사 방전플라즈마 소결법을 이용한 귀금속 타겟 제조
US8795585B2 (en) * 2006-12-05 2014-08-05 The Boeing Company Nanophase cryogenic-milled copper alloys and process
US8784728B2 (en) * 2006-12-05 2014-07-22 The Boeing Company Micro-grained, cryogenic-milled copper alloys and process
ATE469530T1 (de) * 2006-12-12 2010-06-15 Inverto Nv Led-beleuchtung mit kontinuierlicher und einstellbarer farbtemperatur (ct) unter aufrechterhaltung eines hohen cri
US8628599B2 (en) * 2007-09-04 2014-01-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Diamondoid stabilized fine-grained metals
US8507401B1 (en) 2007-10-15 2013-08-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play metal catalysts
US20090142590A1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-06-04 General Electric Company Composition and method
KR100907334B1 (ko) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-13 성균관대학교산학협력단 알루미늄과 탄소재료 간의 공유결합을 형성하는 방법, 알루미늄과 탄소재료 복합체를 제조하는 방법 및 그 방법에 의하여 제조된 알루미늄과 탄소재료 복합체
USD627900S1 (en) 2008-05-07 2010-11-23 SDCmaterials, Inc. Glove box
US10240419B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2019-03-26 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Downhole flow inhibition tool and method of unplugging a seat
KR101197581B1 (ko) * 2009-12-09 2012-11-06 연세대학교 산학협력단 금속기지 복합재 및 그 제조 방법
US8803025B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2014-08-12 SDCmaterials, Inc. Non-plugging D.C. plasma gun
US8557727B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2013-10-15 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method of forming a catalyst with inhibited mobility of nano-active material
US8545652B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2013-10-01 SDCmaterials, Inc. Impact resistant material
US9039916B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-05-26 SDCmaterials, Inc. In situ oxide removal, dispersal and drying for copper copper-oxide
US8470112B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2013-06-25 SDCmaterials, Inc. Workflow for novel composite materials
US8652992B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2014-02-18 SDCmaterials, Inc. Pinning and affixing nano-active material
US9149797B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-10-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst production method and system
US9126191B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-09-08 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US10751801B2 (en) * 2013-11-22 2020-08-25 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Bulk monolithic nano-heterostructures and method of making the same
US8784998B2 (en) * 2010-08-31 2014-07-22 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Structure having nanophase titanium node and nanophase aluminum struts
US8802234B2 (en) * 2011-01-03 2014-08-12 Imra America, Inc. Composite nanoparticles and methods for making the same
US8669202B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2014-03-11 SDCmaterials, Inc. Wet chemical and plasma methods of forming stable PtPd catalysts
US9211586B1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2015-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Non-faceted nanoparticle reinforced metal matrix composite and method of manufacturing the same
US9080098B2 (en) 2011-04-28 2015-07-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Functionally gradient composite article
US8631876B2 (en) 2011-04-28 2014-01-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of making and using a functionally gradient composite tool
US9139928B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2015-09-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Corrodible downhole article and method of removing the article from downhole environment
WO2013000147A1 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 阿尔斯通电网公司 Contacteur à base de cuivre-chrome et son procédé de fabrication
US9707739B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2017-07-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Intermetallic metallic composite, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
US9643250B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2017-05-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle
US9833838B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2017-12-05 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle
US9033055B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2015-05-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Selectively degradable passage restriction and method
WO2013028575A1 (fr) 2011-08-19 2013-02-28 Sdc Materials Inc. Substrats recouverts destinés à être utilisés dans une catalyse et dans des convertisseurs catalytiques ainsi que procédés permettant de recouvrir des substrats avec des compositions de revêtement verso
US9090956B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2015-07-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Aluminum alloy powder metal compact
US9109269B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2015-08-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Magnesium alloy powder metal compact
US9856547B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2018-01-02 Bakers Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Nanostructured powder metal compact
US9643144B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2017-05-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method to generate and disperse nanostructures in a composite material
US9010416B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2015-04-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Tubular anchoring system and a seat for use in the same
CN102534345B (zh) * 2012-02-28 2014-01-29 东北大学 一种块体氮化铁-铝烧结材料
US10234410B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2019-03-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Stable binary nanocrystalline alloys and methods of identifying same
US9605508B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2017-03-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Disintegrable and conformable metallic seal, and method of making the same
US9511352B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2016-12-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9156025B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2015-10-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
WO2014117071A1 (fr) * 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Synthèse et traitement de carbure de bore ultra-dur
US9004240B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2015-04-14 Integran Technologies Inc. Friction liner
CN105263857A (zh) 2013-03-14 2016-01-20 麻省理工学院 烧结纳米晶合金
DE102014105481B4 (de) * 2013-05-16 2015-01-22 Kennametal India Limited Verfahren zum Mahlen von Carbid und Anwendungen davon
WO2014189924A2 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Systèmes d'alliage ordonnés nanocristallins stables et leurs procédés d'identification
CN103331449B (zh) * 2013-06-05 2015-09-02 华南理工大学 一种超高塑性双尺度分布的超细晶/微米晶块体铁材料及其制备方法
US9586179B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2017-03-07 SDCmaterials, Inc. Washcoats and coated substrates for catalytic converters and methods of making and using same
US9816339B2 (en) 2013-09-03 2017-11-14 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Plug reception assembly and method of reducing restriction in a borehole
KR20160074574A (ko) 2013-10-22 2016-06-28 에스디씨머티리얼스, 인코포레이티드 희박 NOx 트랩의 조성물
CA2926133A1 (fr) 2013-10-22 2015-04-30 SDCmaterials, Inc. Conception de catalyseurs pour moteurs a combustion diesel de grande puissance
FR3014339B1 (fr) * 2013-12-06 2016-01-08 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion selective de poudre
WO2015127174A1 (fr) 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Terves, Inc. Système métallique de désintégration à activation par fluide
US11167343B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2021-11-09 Terves, Llc Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools
US10865465B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2020-12-15 Terves, Llc Degradable metal matrix composite
US9687811B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2017-06-27 SDCmaterials, Inc. Compositions for passive NOx adsorption (PNA) systems and methods of making and using same
US10058917B2 (en) * 2014-12-16 2018-08-28 Gamma Technology, LLC Incorporation of nano-size particles into aluminum or other light metals by decoration of micron size particles
US9910026B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-03-06 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc High temperature tracers for downhole detection of produced water
US9963344B2 (en) * 2015-01-21 2018-05-08 National Technology & Engineering Solution of Sandia, LLC Method to synthesize bulk iron nitride
US10378303B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2019-08-13 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Downhole tool and method of forming the same
US10221637B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-03-05 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of manufacturing dissolvable tools via liquid-solid state molding
US10513462B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2019-12-24 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Transparent nanocomposite ceramics built from core/shell nanoparticles
US11644288B2 (en) 2015-09-17 2023-05-09 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nanocrystalline alloy penetrators
US10016810B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2018-07-10 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of manufacturing degradable tools using a galvanic carrier and tools manufactured thereof
CN106001560B (zh) * 2016-05-25 2018-08-28 北京理工大学 一种纳米晶银块体的制备方法
US11434549B2 (en) * 2016-11-10 2022-09-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Cemented carbide containing tungsten carbide and finegrained iron alloy binder
CN109746441B (zh) * 2017-11-08 2021-07-27 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种激光冲击强化辅助的激光增材制造复合加工方法
CN109972021B (zh) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-16 东南大学 高饱和磁化强度Fe-P系粉末冶金磁性摩擦材料的制备方法
CN110102762A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2019-08-09 北京遥感设备研究所 一种Mn-Cu和Fe-Ni异种材料梯度结构成形方法
KR102220359B1 (ko) * 2019-07-08 2021-02-25 부경대학교 산학협력단 높은 방열성 및 전기절연성을 가지는 금속-폴리머 복합재료의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 복합재료
FR3121375A1 (fr) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-07 Sintermat Procédé de fabrication de piece en métaux précieux à base de frittage SPS et piece en métaux précieux ainsi obtenue
CN113084180A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-07-09 宁波中乌新材料产业技术研究院有限公司 一种钛合金球形粉末制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909840A (en) * 1987-04-29 1990-03-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process of manufacturing nanocrystalline powders and molded bodies
US5723799A (en) * 1995-07-07 1998-03-03 Director General Of Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method for production of metal-based composites with oxide particle dispersion

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4292079A (en) * 1978-10-16 1981-09-29 The International Nickel Co., Inc. High strength aluminum alloy and process
US4557893A (en) * 1983-06-24 1985-12-10 Inco Selective Surfaces, Inc. Process for producing composite material by milling the metal to 50% saturation hardness then co-milling with the hard phase
US4647304A (en) * 1983-08-17 1987-03-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method for producing dispersion strengthened metal powders
EP0147769B1 (fr) * 1983-12-19 1990-10-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Alliage d'aluminium renforcé par dispersion, résistant à l'usure et aux températures élevées et procédé pour sa fabrication
US4818481A (en) * 1987-03-09 1989-04-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method of extruding aluminum-base oxide dispersion strengthened
AUPN273695A0 (en) * 1995-05-02 1995-05-25 University Of Queensland, The Aluminium alloy powder blends and sintered aluminium alloys
US6652967B2 (en) * 2001-08-08 2003-11-25 Nanoproducts Corporation Nano-dispersed powders and methods for their manufacture
US6902699B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2005-06-07 The Boeing Company Method for preparing cryomilled aluminum alloys and components extruded and forged therefrom
US7241328B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2007-07-10 The Boeing Company Method for preparing ultra-fine, submicron grain titanium and titanium-alloy articles and articles prepared thereby

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909840A (en) * 1987-04-29 1990-03-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process of manufacturing nanocrystalline powders and molded bodies
US5723799A (en) * 1995-07-07 1998-03-03 Director General Of Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method for production of metal-based composites with oxide particle dispersion

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1956107A1 (fr) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-13 Nippon Light Metal, Co., Ltd. Matériau composite d'alliage de poudre d'aluminium pour absorber les neutrons, processus de production correspondant et panier réalisé correspondant
CN107214338A (zh) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-29 薛富盛 积层制造方法及其加工机
CN107214338B (zh) * 2016-03-22 2020-03-10 薛富盛 积层制造方法及其加工机
RU2640055C1 (ru) * 2016-11-30 2017-12-26 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" (ТПУ) Металлокерамический композит и способ его получения (варианты)
CN108326306A (zh) * 2018-01-09 2018-07-27 武汉大学 一种孔隙率可控的多孔纳米金属制备方法
CN110238404A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-17 西北工业大学 一种异质材料复杂结构件的高能束增材制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060153728A1 (en) 2006-07-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20060153728A1 (en) Synthesis of bulk, fully dense nanostructured metals and metal matrix composites
Suryanarayana Mechanical alloying: a novel technique to synthesize advanced materials
EP1405927B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'un alliage broyage cryogénique pour des produits forgés et extrudés
El-Eskandarany Mechanical alloying: nanotechnology, materials science and powder metallurgy
Yadav et al. Mechanical milling: a top down approach for the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanocomposites
Tjong et al. Nanocrystalline materials and coatings
US9211586B1 (en) Non-faceted nanoparticle reinforced metal matrix composite and method of manufacturing the same
WO2005079209A2 (fr) Procedes de traitement de pistolage a froid pour la production de couches de materiaux nanocristallins
Xun et al. Synthesis of nanocrystalline Zn-22 Pct Al using cryomilling
WO2010102206A2 (fr) Alliages d'aluminium l12 haute résistance produits par cryobroyage
Bostan et al. Microstructure characteristics in Al-C system after mechanical alloying and high temperature treatment
Suryanarayana Mechanical alloying of nanocrystalline materials and nanocomposites
Xiong et al. (Ti, W) C–Ni cermets by laser engineered net shaping
Yuan et al. Effect of mechanical alloying and sintering process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Ni-Y-Co-La alloy
US7592073B2 (en) Rhenium composite alloys and a method of preparing same
Kishore Babu et al. High strength Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by high-energy cube milling using calcium as process control agent (PCA) and spark plasma sintering
Enayati Nanocrystallization of Al powder by cryomilling process
Dolukhanyan et al. Production of Alloys Based on Ti–Nb–Zr, Promising for the Production of Implants
Kim et al. Additive manufacturing of ni36co37al27 ferromagnetic shape memory material using mechanically alloyed plasma spheroidized powders
WO2006137911A2 (fr) Procede et appareil relatifs a un processus de consolidation de pression angulaire a canaux egaux (ecap) pour des poudres metalliques nanocristallines cryobroyees
Chaira et al. Fabrication of nanostructured materials by mechanical milling
Suryanarayana et al. Consolidation of nanocrystalline powders
Gujba Development and characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) reinforced al-based nanocomposites
Jakubowicz et al. Properties of high-energy ball-milled and hot pressed nanocrystalline tantalum
Gusaiwal Synthesis of Al-Si-Ni Nanostructured Materials by Mechanical Alloying

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06717761

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1