Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
  • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
  • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0031—Rectum, anus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0043—Nose
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
  • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/02—Suppositories; Bougies; Bases therefor; Ovules
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations and methods related to immune response modifier compounds.
• IRM immune response modifier
• Many of these compounds have demonstrated potent immunostimulating, antiviral and antitumor (including anticancer) activity, and have also been shown to be useful as vaccine adjuvants and treatment of TH2-mediated diseases.
• the ability to provide desired therapeutic benefits of such compounds depends on a variety of factors, including the extent to which they can be formulated and delivered in way that is suitable for particular treatments. Accordingly, there is a need for new methods and formulations to provide the potential therapeutic benefits from these important immunomodifying drug compounds.
• compositions especially suitable for injection can be made using the immune response modifier drug compound N-[4-(4- amino-2-ethyl-17i-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide as an aqueous solution with a buffer selected from the group consisting of citric acid; acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, and optionally a tonicity adjuster, preferably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and mannitol, wherein the pH is no greater than 6.
• a buffer selected from the group consisting of citric acid; acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, and optionally a tonicity adjuster, preferably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and mannitol, wherein the pH is no greater than 6.
• these formulations of N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide are sufficiently heat stable to undergo autoclave sterilization. They are also sufficiently stable during storage conditions to permit an extended shelf-life of at least 6 months and generally longer (e.g., 1 to 2 years or longer).
• the formulations have a pH no greater than 6 and are also, unlike most formulations for injection, preferably substantially free of sodium chloride. A pH higher than 6 appears to enhance degradation, and it has been found that presence of sodium chloride reduces solubility of the drug, apparently due to salt formation.
• IRMs may be deliverable in principle via injection
• an IRM compound in this case a potent toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist
• TLR7 potent toll-like receptor 7
• Formulations of the invention have demonstrated some highly desirable therapeutic results in initial testing for treatment of, e.g., cancer.
• an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation suitable for injection comprising the drug compound N-[4-(4- amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide fully dissolved in a formulation including water, buffer selected from the group consisting of citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid; and optionally a tonicity adjuster, preferably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and mannitol; wherein the pH is no greater than 6 and the formulation is sterile.
• the formulation is also preferably substantially free of sodium chloride.
• the N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide is generally present at a lower concentration range of at least 1 mg/ml, usually at least 2 mg/ml, in some cases at least 5 mg/ml, and generally less than 16 mg/ml, usually less than 10 mg/ml, and often less than 6 mg/ml.
• the formulations of the invention surprisingly permit formulation at concentrations higher than would be expected, e.g., above 10 mg/ml.
• the present formulations are substantially free of carboxymethylcellulose, and nasal spray formulations do not need to be sterilizable.
• Buffer in the formulation may be selected from citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, with citric acid and/or acetic acid being preferred.
• the formulation may include a citric acid (and citrate) buffer system.
• Combinations of buffers can be used, and the buffer(s) can also function as tonicity adjusting agents.
• the p ⁇ is preferably about 5. Also, the p ⁇ may be further adjusted as desired by addition of, e.g., sodium hydroxide to the formulation.
• a tonicity adjuster may also be used and is preferably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and mannitol.
• Tonicity adjuster is optional, particularly when there is already a high buffer concentration, although inclusion of mannitol is generally preferred, as formulations with sorbitol tended to be undergo yellowing under autoclave durations and temperatures (e.g., 99 minutes at 136 0 C) and with increasing p ⁇ .
• Injection can be by syringe, intravenous catheter, or any other such invasive delivery system, all of which will normally require a sterile formulation.
• Formulations suitable for subcutaneous injection, as well as IV and other forms of injection preferably have a pH of about 5 and include citric acid or acetic acid buffer and mannitol tonicity adjuster.
• solution refers to a combination of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase, so that the combination is homogeneous at the molecular or ionic level.
• substantially free is used to indicate that the amount present in the composition or formulation is below the level that causes any material impact on the formulation characteristics, e.g., in terms of solubility, viscosity or degradation. Thus, a formulation including trace amounts of a compound may still be considered to be substantially free of such compound.
• a As used herein, "a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” are used interchangeably. Thus, for example, an aqueous gel that comprises “a” preservative can be interpreted to mean that the gel includes “one or more" preservatives.
• the concentration of drug will be from about 1 to 16 mg/ml (or about 0.1% to 1.6% by weight), often between 1 and 5 mg/ml, although higher concentrations may be desired (e.g., for subcutaneous delivery) so a concentration of at least 2 mg/ml, and in some cases at least 5 mg/ml. may be desired.
• the injection may be, e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or into a selected tissue site, such as into a tumor mass.
• the formulations are preferably stable under autoclave sterilization conditions, are photostable, are sufficiently stable during long term storage conditions to provide a shelf life of at least 6 months and preferably 1-2, or more, years, are relatively non-irritating remain in solution when injected, and are non- hemolytic.
• N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl ⁇ lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide compound to be dosed that will be therapeutically effective in a specific situation will depend on such things as the size and immune system function of the individual being treated, the dosing regimen, the application site, the particular formulation, and the condition being treated. As such, it is generally not practical to identify specific administration amounts herein; however, those skilled in the art will be able to determine appropriate therapeutically effective amounts based on the guidance provided herein, information available in the art pertaining to IRM compounds, and routine testing.
• a therapeutically effective amount thus means an amount of the IRM compound sufficient to induce a therapeutic or prophylactic effect, such as cytokine induction, inhibition of TH2 immune response, antiviral or antitumor activity, reduction of scarring, or enhanced wound healing.
• An amount of formulation at a given drug concentration effective to induce cytokine biosynthesis is an amount sufficient to cause one or more cell types, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cells to produce an amount of one or more cytokines such as, for example, IFN- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , IL-I, IL-6, IL-IO and IL- 12 that is increased (induced) over a background level of such cytokines.
• cytokines such as, for example, IFN- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , IL-I, IL-6, IL-IO and IL- 12 that is increased (induced) over a background level of such cytokines.
• the precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be an amount so as to deliver N- [4-(4-amino-2-ethyl- 1 H-imidazo [4,5 -cjquinolin- 1 -yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide at a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
• N- [4-(4-amino-2-ethyl- 1 H-imidazo [4,5 -cjquinolin- 1 -yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide at a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
• the IRM used in the examples is N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5- c]quinolin-l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide, which is a sulfonamide substituted imidazoquinoline amine, the synthesis of which is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,349, Example 236.
• the formulations were prepared using the following general method.
• the buffer was mixed with water.
• the N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide was added and stirred until dissolved.
• the resulting solution was mixed with additional water and a tonicity agent as necessary.
• the amount of the tonicity agent added was determined by calculating the osmolarity of the buffer on an Osmette osmometer (Precisions Systems Inc., Natick, MA), then calculating the amount of tonicity agent needed to make up the difference.
• a pH adjuster was added, as necessary, to adjust each formulation to the desired pH.
• Formulations prepared by this method can be found in Tables 2 through 5 below. Formulations in which a precipitate formed were placed in a 25 0 C water bath for one week to allow them to equilibrate prior to filtering.
• Formulations of the invention were tested for degradation of the formulations by measuring the impurity N-[4-(2-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide and the color change in the formulations after degradation of the formulations using the following test method.
• the formulations were placed in an autoclave for 99 minutes at 136 0 C.
• the sterilized formulations were then removed from the autoclave and visually observed for discoloration and measured using HPLC for the impurity iV-[4-(2-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide.
• the impurity was measured as a percentage (% 4-keto) of the N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide in the formulation.
• ingredients suitable for an injectable formulation of the invention may also be included.
• compatible excipients listed by Powell, et al. “Compendium of Excipients for Parenteral Formulations,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Vol. 52, No. 5, pages 238-311 (Sept-Oct 1996) may be included if desired.
• Some examples believed to be compatible include, but are not limited to, acetate, sodium acetate, ascorbic acid, benzyl alcohol, citrate, mono-, di- and tri-sodium citrate, dextran 40, cyclodextrin disodium edetate (EDTA), ethanol, glucose, glycerin, glycerol, HCl, maleic acid, methyl paraben, propylparaben, potassium phosphate (mono and di basic), sodium phosphate (mono and di basic), polyethylene glycol, phenol, and KCl.
• the formulation may also include, or be administered in conjunction with, other active agents useful for treating a given condition, as well as in conjunction with other formulations ofN-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide (see, e.g., 60/640873, filed December 30, 2004, related application attorney docket 60330WO003, filed even date herewith, entitled Multi-Route Administration of Immune Response Modifier Compounds).
• Such additional agents may include, for example, additional immune response modifiers, antivirals, antibiotics, antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxoid agents, cytokines, vaccines or a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) agonist.
• additional immune response modifiers antivirals, antibiotics, antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxoid agents, cytokines, vaccines or a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) agonist.
• USES Formulations of the invention induce the production of certain cytokines and are useful as immune response modifiers that can modulate the immune response in a number of different ways, rendering them useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders.
• these and other cytokines can inhibit virus production and tumor cell growth, making the formulations useful for, e.g., treatment of viral and neoplastic diseases. It should also be noted that the formulations may be administered prior to acquiring a disease so that administration of the formulation may provide a prophylactic treatment.
• formulations of the invention may bring about an effect on other aspects of the innate immune response. For example, natural killer cell activity may be stimulated, an effect that may be due to cytokine induction.
• the formulations may also bring about activation of macrophages, which in turn stimulate secretion of nitric oxide and the production of additional cytokines. Further, the formulations may bring about proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes.
• Formulations of the invention may also bring about an effect on the acquired immune response.
• T H I T helper type 1
• cytokine IFN- ⁇ may be induced indirectly and the production of the T helper type 2 (TH2) cytokines IL- 4, IL-5 and IL- 13 may be inhibited upon administration of the formulations.
• adenovirus e.g., HSV-I, HSV-II, CMV, or VZV
• a poxvirus e.g., an orthopoxvirus such as variola or vaccinia, or molluscum contagiosum
• a picornavirus e.g., rhinovirus or enterovirus
• an orthomyxovirus e.g., influenzavirus, including H5N1 avian flu virus
• a paramyxovirus e.g., parainfluenzavirus, mumps virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• a coronavirus e.g., SARS
• a papovavirus e.g., papillomaviruses, such as those that cause genital warts, common
• bacterial diseases such as, for example, diseases resulting from infection by bacteria of, for example, the genus Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Shigella, Listeria, Aerobacter, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, Clostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Serratia, Providencia, Chromobacterium, Brucella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, or Bordetella; (c) other infectious diseases, such chlamydia, fungal diseases including but not limited to candidiasis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or parasitic diseases including but not limited to malaria, Pneumocystis car
• neoplastic diseases such as intraepithelial neoplasias, cervical dysplasia, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, leukemias including but not limited to myelogeous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia, and other cancers; (e) T H 2 -mediated, atopic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or eczema, eosinophilia, asthma, allergy, allergic rhinitis, and Ommen's syndrome;
• atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis or eczema, eosinophilia, asthma,
• diseases associated with wound repair such as, for example, inhibition of keloid formation and other types of scarring, and enhancing wound healing, including chronic wounds, such as those associated with diabetic foot ulcers and the like.
• formulations of the present invention may be useful as a vaccine adjuvant for use in conjunction with any material that raises either humoral and/or cell mediated immune response, such as, for example, live viral, bacterial, or parasitic immunogens; inactivated viral, tumor-derived, protozoal, organism-derived, fungal, or bacterial immunogens; toxoids; toxins; self-antigens; polysaccharides; proteins; glycoproteins; peptides; cellular vaccines; DNA vaccines; autologous vaccines; recombinant proteins; and the like, for use in connection with, for example, BCG, cholera, plague, typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, polio, rabies, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, hemophilus influenza b, tuberculosis, meningococ
• Formulations of the present invention may be particularly helpful in individuals having compromised immune function.
• compounds or salts may be used for treating the opportunistic infections and tumors that occur after suppression of cell mediated immunity in, for example, transplant patients, cancer patients and HIV patients.
• the invention thus also provides, for example, a method of treating a viral infection in an animal and a method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal comprising administering via injection an effective amount of a formulation of the invention to the animal.
• An amount effective to treat or inhibit a viral infection is an amount that will cause a reduction in one or more of the manifestations of viral infection, such as viral lesions, viral load, rate of virus production, and mortality as compared to untreated control animals.
• the precise amount that is effective for such treatment will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be an amount so as to deliver a N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
• An amount of formulation effective to treat a neoplastic condition is an amount that will cause a reduction in tumor size or in the number of tumor foci.
• the precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be an amount at a given drug concentration to deliver via injection a N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin- l-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, for example about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
• formulations of the invention delivered via injection include, but are not limited to, treatment of metastatic melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (see, e.g., WO05/023190).

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=36648022

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (23)

Families Citing this family (29)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2005
  • 2005-12-28 CA CA002592575A patent/CA2592575A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-12-28 AU AU2005323024A patent/AU2005323024A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-12-28 CN CNA2005800488194A patent/CN101443005A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-12-28 EP EP05855599A patent/EP1830880A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-12-28 US US11/722,288 patent/US20080207674A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-12-28 JP JP2007549552A patent/JP2008526752A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-12-28 JP JP2007549616A patent/JP2008526757A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2005-12-28 EP EP05855867A patent/EP1835915A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-12-28 US US11/722,585 patent/US20080119508A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-12-28 CA CA002592573A patent/CA2592573A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-12-28 WO PCT/US2005/047069 patent/WO2006073940A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-12-28 AU AU2005322843A patent/AU2005322843B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-12-28 WO PCT/US2005/047374 patent/WO2006074045A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-12-28 ZA ZA200706251A patent/ZA200706251B/xx unknown
• 2010
  • 2010-09-29 US US12/894,032 patent/US20110021554A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events