WO2006064597A1 - 脚式移動ロボットおよびその制御プログラム - Google Patents
脚式移動ロボットおよびその制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064597A1 WO2006064597A1 PCT/JP2005/016890 JP2005016890W WO2006064597A1 WO 2006064597 A1 WO2006064597 A1 WO 2006064597A1 JP 2005016890 W JP2005016890 W JP 2005016890W WO 2006064597 A1 WO2006064597 A1 WO 2006064597A1
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- Prior art keywords
- foot
- leg
- floor
- robot
- gait
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
- B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
- B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a legged mobile robot and a control program thereof.
- the robot repeats an aerial period in which all legs are floating on the floor and a landing period in which one of the soles at the tips of the legs is in contact with the floor.
- the impact on the robot when landing is particularly large.
- the robot's moving speed in the air and the angular speed around the yo axis are excessive, the robot may slip or spin on its soles when landing.
- the present invention provides a legged mobile robot that can relieve the impact of landing on a leg and can stably walk or run while avoiding slip and spin on the sole of the leg.
- the problem to be solved is to provide the control program.
- the legged mobile robot according to the first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problems is achieved by driving a plurality of legs connected to a base body, so that any one leg of the plurality of legs is attached.
- a legged mobile robot that moves while repeating the landing period when the floor reaction force is applied and the aerial period when the floor reaction force is not applied to the legs of all legs.
- the angle of inclination of the foot of the leg to be landed gradually changes with respect to the floor, so that the ground contact surface and the floor of the foot are parallel when the leg is landed. It is characterized by driving the leg.
- the inclination angle of the leg of the leg with respect to the floor surface gradually increases from the intermediate point of the leg leaving phase to the start point of the landing phase.
- the movement of the leg is controlled so as to approach.
- the robot of the present invention can relieve the impact at the time of landing on the foot of the leg, and can stably walk or run while avoiding slip and spin on the foot.
- the legged mobile robot according to the first aspect of the present invention is configured such that immediately before the leg leaves the floor, the leg remains on the tip of the foot and the rear end of the foot is The leg is driven so as to gradually move away from the floor surface.
- the movement of the leg is controlled in such a manner that the floor surface is kicked by the tip (toe) of the foot. This increases the propulsive force of the robot, while preventing slipping and spinning at the bottom of the robot when landing, as described above, allowing the robot to move at high speed while stabilizing its behavior. it can.
- the legged mobile robot according to the first aspect of the present invention gradually increases from a state in which the tip of the foot is high with respect to the rear end of the foot from the middle point to the end point of the bed leaving phase.
- the legs are driven so as to have the same height.
- the foot is brought close to the toe from the posture of raising the toes with respect to the floor, and In addition, it is possible to maintain the floor area of the foot (contact surface) to such an extent that the robot can be prevented from slipping.
- the legged mobile robot according to the first aspect of the present invention gradually has the same state force with the lower end of the foot relative to the rear end of the foot from the start to the middle of the bed leaving phase. After reaching the height, the leg is driven so as to gradually become higher.
- the posture force that lifts the foot with respect to the floor surface is close to the force lifted posture as the posture that lifts the toe, Thereafter, the foot (to the extent that it can prevent the robot from slipping as described above) It is possible to secure the floor area on the ground plane.
- a legged mobile robot for solving the above-mentioned problems includes an upper body and a plurality of legs extending downward from the upper body, and A legged mobile robot that moves by the movement of each leg that accompanies leaving and landing on a rotatable foot, the foot inclination angle measuring means for measuring the inclination angle of the foot relative to the floor; From the middle point of the leg leaving the bed to the beginning of the landing phase, the leg inclination angle of the leg relative to the floor measured by the foot inclination angle measuring means gradually approaches 0.
- a foot motion control means for controlling the pivot motion of the foot relative to the leg.
- the inclination angle of the foot of the leg with respect to the floor surface from the intermediate point of the bed leaving phase to the start point of the landing phase is controlled so that gradually approaches 0.
- the landing area at the foot (foot sole) of the leg immediately after the transition from the leaving phase to the landing phase becomes large! /, So the impact at the time of landing is widely distributed to the sole.
- the impact received by the robot can be reduced.
- the friction between the sole and the floor becomes large, even if the robot's moving speed and the angular velocity around the jo axis are just before landing on the legs, this friction can prevent slipping and spinning. it can.
- the robot of the present invention can relieve the impact at the time of landing on the foot of the leg, and can stably walk or run while avoiding slip and spin on the foot.
- the foot motion control means keeps the leg landing at the tip of the foot immediately before leaving the floor, and the foot inclination angle is set.
- the foot relative to the leg so that the inclination angle of the foot relative to the floor measured by the measuring means increases to the positive side such that the rear end of the foot is farther from the front than the tip. It is characterized by controlling the flat rotation.
- the rotation of the foot relative to the leg is controlled in such a manner that the floor surface is kicked by the tip of the foot (toe). This increases the propulsive force of the robot, while preventing slipping and spinning at the bottom of the robot when landing, as described above. Therefore, the robot can be moved at high speed while making its behavior stable.
- the foot motion control means is operated by the foot inclination angle measuring means from the middle point of the leg leaving phase to the start point of the landing phase.
- the inclination angle of the foot with respect to the measured floor surface is such that the negative angular force at which the tip of the foot is farther from the floor than the rear end gradually decreases to zero. It is characterized by controlling the movement of the foot relative to the leg.
- the foot is raised from the toe to the floor surface, and the posture is parallel to the floor surface.
- the landing area on the sole can be maintained to the extent that the robot can be prevented from slipping as described above.
- the foot motion control means measures the force at the start time of the leg leaving phase from the foot tilt angle measuring means until the start time of the landing phase.
- the inclination angle force of the foot against the applied floor is gradually increased to the positive side and the force is gradually decreased, and then gradually increased to the negative side so that the tip of the foot is farther than the rear end. Then, it is characterized by controlling the pivoting motion of the foot relative to the leg so that it gradually decreases to zero.
- the posture of the foot is raised from the floor surface. Furthermore, it can be brought close to a posture parallel to the floor surface, and the landing area at the sole can be secured to such an extent that the robot can be prevented from slipping as described above.
- the legged mobile robot according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that all legs move with an aerial period in which they are getting out of bed.
- the leg when the leg is landing from the mid-air, the leg is more than when the leg is landing while the other leg is landing.
- the impact at the time of landing can be reduced by securing a large landing area as described above.
- the control program according to the first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is that a plurality of legs connected to a base body are driven, so that any one of the plurality of legs is grounded.
- Power The robot is equipped with a function to control a legged mobile robot that moves while repeating the landing period in which the floor acts and the aerial period in which the floor reaction force does not act on the legs of all legs.
- This program is given to a computer, and when changing from the aerial phase to the landing phase, the inclination angle of the foot of the leg that is scheduled to land gradually changes with respect to the floor, and the landing of the leg It is characterized in that a function for controlling the operation of the leg of the robot is sometimes given to the computer mounted on the robot so that the ground contact surface of the foot and the floor surface are parallel.
- control program of the first aspect of the present invention it is possible to relieve the impact at the time of landing on the foot part of the leg and to stably walk or run while avoiding slip and spin on the foot part.
- the power to control the robot is given to the computer installed in this robot.
- control program provides that the leg is left at the tip of the foot immediately before the leg leaves the floor, and the rear end of the foot is the floor.
- a function of controlling the operation of the leg of the robot so as to gradually move away from the surface is provided to the computer mounted on the robot.
- control program according to the first aspect of the present invention gradually increases from the middle point to the end point of the leg leaving phase from the state in which the tip of the foot is high with respect to the rear end of the foot.
- the function of controlling the operation of the leg of the robot is given to a computer mounted on the robot.
- control program gradually increases the level of the state force of the foot tip from the start point to the middle point of the leg, with the foot rear end as a reference. After that, the function of controlling the operation of the leg of the robot is given to the computer mounted on the robot so that the state gradually becomes higher.
- a control program for solving the above-described problem includes an upper body and a plurality of legs extending downward from the upper body, and is rotated with respect to each leg.
- the foot inclination angle measurement function that measures the inclination angle of the foot and the middle of the leg leaving bed From the time point to the beginning of the landing period, the foot rotation angle with respect to the leg is gradually adjusted so that the inclination angle of the foot with respect to the floor measured by the foot inclination angle measurement function gradually approaches zero.
- a foot motion control function for controlling a motion motion is given to a computer mounted on the robot.
- control program of the second aspect of the present invention it is possible to alleviate the impact at the time of landing on the foot part of the leg and to avoid slipping and spinning on the foot part so as to stably walk or run.
- the functional power to control the robot is given to the computer mounted on this robot.
- control program of the second aspect of the present invention uses the foot inclination angle measurement function as a foot motion control function, with the leg landing on the tip of the foot immediately before the bed leaving period. Rotation of the foot relative to the leg so that the measured inclination angle of the foot relative to the floor increases to the positive side such that the rear end of the foot is farther than the tip.
- a function for controlling the operation is given to the computer mounted on the robot.
- control program according to the second aspect of the present invention is measured by the foot inclination angle measurement function from the middle point of the leg leaving phase to the start point of the landing phase as the foot movement control function.
- the foot with respect to the leg so that the inclination angle of the foot with respect to the floor is gradually reduced to zero so that the negative angle force that the tip of the foot is farther from the floor than the rear end is zero.
- a function of controlling the rotational movement of is provided to a computer mounted on the robot.
- control program of the second aspect of the present invention uses the foot inclination angle measurement function as the foot movement control function from the start time of the leg leaving phase to the start time of the landing phase. After the foot slope angle with respect to the floor is gradually increased to the positive side and the force is gradually decreased, the foot tip gradually decreases to the negative side where the floor force is farther than the rear end.
- a function of controlling the pivoting motion of the foot with respect to the leg is provided to the computer mounted on the robot so as to gradually decrease to 0 after the increase. .
- control program provides the robot with a function of controlling the operation of the leg of the robot so that all legs move with the aerial period when they are getting out of bed. Tower It is given to the computer currently mounted.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the overall configuration of a biped mobile robot as a legged mobile robot in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing the configuration of the foot portion of each leg of the robot of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control unit provided in the robot of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the control unit of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the running gait of the robot of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the foot position / posture trajectory when the robot is running.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the distance d between the sole and the floor surface.
- FIG. 8 An illustration of the angle ⁇ between the sole and the floor.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of setting a desired floor reaction force vertical component.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of setting a target ZMP.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing main routine processing of the gait generator provided in the control unit of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flowchart subroutine processing of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of setting a floor reaction force horizontal component allowable range of a normal gait.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the sub-retintin processing of the flowchart of FIG. 11.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of setting a floor reaction force horizontal component allowable range of the current time's gait.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a setting example of a desired floor reaction force vertical component in a walking gait.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a setting process of a desired floor reaction force vertical component in a walking gait.
- a bipedal mobile robot (hereinafter referred to as a robot) 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a pair of left and right legs (leg links) 2 and 2 extending downward from an upper body 24. Both legs 2, 2 have the same structure, each with 6 joints.
- a foot (foot) 22R (L) constituting the tip of each leg 2 is attached.
- the upper body (upper body) 24 is connected via the three joints 10R (L), 12R (L) and 14R (L) of the crotch of each leg 2 Is installed.
- a control unit 26 which will be described in detail later. In FIG. 1, for convenience of illustration, the control unit 26 is shown outside the upper body 24.
- the control unit 26 is a CPU, ROM, RAM, signal input circuit, signal output circuit, and the like as hardware, and the present invention as software that gives the operation control function of the robot 1 to this hardware. It consists of "control program”.
- the hip joint (or the hip joint) has joints 10R (L) and 12R.
- knee joint is composed of joint 16R (L)
- ankle joint is composed of joints 18R (L), 20R (L).
- the hip joint and the knee joint are connected by a thigh link 28 R (L), and the knee joint and the ankle joint are connected by a crus link 30R (L).
- each arm body is attached to the upper body 24 by a plurality of joints provided therefor. On the other hand, it is possible to perform operations such as swinging back and forth.
- each leg 2 With the above-described configuration of each leg 2, the foot of each leg 2 (corresponding to the "foot” of the present invention) 22R (L) gives six degrees of freedom to the upper body 24. It has been.
- Show the joints as appropriate By driving at a proper angle, the desired motion of both feet 22R, 22L can be performed. As a result, the robot 1 can arbitrarily move in the three-dimensional space.
- the position and speed of the upper body 24 described later in this specification is a predetermined position of the upper body 24, specifically, a representative point that is determined by force of the upper body 24 (for example, between the left and right hip joints). This means the position of the center point, etc.) and its moving speed.
- the position and speed of each foot 22R, 22L mean the position of the representative point determined by each foot 22R, 22L and its moving speed.
- the representative point of each foot 22R, 22L is, for example, on the bottom surface of each foot 22R, 22L (more specifically, the center force of the ankle joint of each leg 2) At a point where the perpendicular to the bottom surface intersects the bottom surface).
- a known 6-axis force sensor 34 is interposed between the foot 22R (L) below the ankle joints 18R (L) and 20R (L) of each leg 2. ing.
- the six-axis force sensor 34 is for detecting the presence / absence of the foot 22R (L) of each leg 2 and the floor reaction force (ground load) acting on each leg 2.
- the detection signals of the three-direction components Fx, Fy, Fz of the translational force of the floor reaction force and the three-way components Mx, My, Mz of the moment are output to the control unit 26.
- the body 24 is provided with an inclination sensor 36 for detecting the inclination (posture angle) of the body 24 with respect to the Z axis (vertical direction (gravity direction)) and its angular velocity, and the detection signal is The tilt sensor 36 force is also output to the control unit 26.
- Each joint of the robot 1 detects the electric motor 32 (see Fig. 3) and the rotation amount of each electric motor 32 (rotation angle of each joint) to drive it.
- an encoder (rotary encoder) 33 (see FIG. 3) for performing the operation.
- a detection signal of the encoder 33 is output from the encoder 33 to the control unit 26.
- a spring mechanism 38 is provided between each foot 22R (L) and the 6-axis force sensor 34, and the sole (each foot 22R (L The bottom elastic body 40 is also attached to the bottom of).
- a compliance mechanism 42 is constituted by the spring mechanism 38 and the sole elastic body 40.
- the spring mechanism 38 includes a rectangular guide member (not shown) attached to the upper surface of the foot 22R (L), an ankle joint 18R (L) (in FIG. 2, the ankle joint 20R (L )) And a 6-axis force sensor 34, which is attached to the side of the piston, and is a piston-like member that is housed in the guide member via a coasting material (rubber or spring) so that it can move finely. (Not shown).
- the foot 22R (L) indicated by a solid line in FIG. 2 shows a state when the floor reaction force is not received.
- the spring mechanism 38 of the compliance mechanism 42 and the sole elastic body 40 bend, and the foot 22R (L) moves to the position and posture illustrated by the dotted line in the figure.
- the structure of the compliance mechanism 42 is also important for improving the controllability of the robot 1 not only to reduce the landing impact. The details are described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-305584 previously proposed to the applicant, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a force not shown in FIG. 1 is provided outside the robot 1 with a joystick (operator) 44 (see FIG. 3) for operating the robot 1, and the joystick 44 is operated.
- the request that can be input includes, for example, a gait form (walking, running, etc.) when the robot 1 is moving, landing position / posture and landing time of the free leg, or command data that defines the landing position / posture and landing time. (For example, the moving direction and moving speed of the robot 1).
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the control unit 26.
- the control unit 26 is composed of a microcomputer, and the first arithmetic unit 60 and the second arithmetic unit 62, which also have CPU power, an AZD variable ⁇ 50, a counter 56, a DZA variable ⁇ 66, a RAM 54, a ROM 64, In addition, a bus line 52 for exchanging data between them is provided.
- the output signals of the 6-axis force sensor 34, the tilt sensor 36, the joystick 44, etc. of each leg 2 are converted into digital values by AZD conversion and then sent to RA ⁇ 54 via the bus line 52. Entered.
- the output of the encoder 33 (rotary encoder) of each joint of the robot 1 is input to the RAM 54 via the counter 56.
- the first arithmetic device 60 generates a target gait as described later, calculates a joint angle displacement command (a command value of a displacement angle of each joint or a rotation angle of each electric motor 32), and Send to RAM54.
- the second arithmetic unit 62 reads out the joint angle displacement command from the RAM 54 and the actual value of the joint angle detected based on the output signal of the encoder 33, and calculates the operation amount necessary for driving each joint. Then, the output is output to the electric motor 32 that drives each section via the DZA conversion 66 and the servo amplifier 32a.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram generally showing the functional configuration of the gait generator and the controller of the robot 1 in the present embodiment.
- the parts other than the “real robot” part in FIG. 4 are constituted by processing functions (mainly functions of the first arithmetic unit 60 and the second arithmetic unit 62) executed by the control unit 26.
- processing functions mainly functions of the first arithmetic unit 60 and the second arithmetic unit 62
- the symbols R and L are omitted when it is not necessary to distinguish between the left and right of the leg 2.
- the control unit 26 includes a gait generator 100 that generates and outputs a desired gait freely and in real time as will be described later.
- the gait generator 100 constitutes each means of the present invention by its function.
- the target gait output by the gait generator 100 is the target body position / posture trajectory (the trajectory of the target position and target posture of the upper body 24), the target foot position / posture trajectory (the target position and target trajectory of each foot 22). Posture trajectory), target arm posture trajectory (target posture trajectory of each arm), target total floor reaction force center point (target ZMP) trajectory, and target total floor reaction force trajectory.
- the target position / posture trajectory of the movable part is added to the target gait.
- the “trajectory” in the gait means a temporal change pattern (time-series pattern), and in the following description, it may be referred to as “pattern” instead of “trajectory”.
- “Attitude” means spatial orientation.
- the body posture is the inclination angle (posture angle) of the body 24 in the roll direction (around the X axis) with respect to the Z axis (vertical axis) and the body 24 in the pitch direction (around the Y axis).
- the foot posture is represented by a biaxial spatial azimuth that is fixedly set on each foot 22.
- the body posture is sometimes called the body posture angle.
- the desired floor reaction force is generally expressed by an action point and a translational force and a moment acting on the point. Since the action point is good for everywhere, countless expressions can be considered even with the same target floor reaction force, but in particular, the target floor reaction force is set with the target floor reaction force center point (target position of the center point of all floor reaction forces) as the action point. Expressing force, the moment component of the desired floor reaction force is zero except for the vertical component (the moment around the vertical axis (Z axis)). In other words, the horizontal component (moment about the horizontal axis (X axis and Y axis)) of the moment of the target floor reaction force around the target floor reaction force center point becomes zero.
- ZMP is calculated as the target motion orbital force of robot 1 (the resultant force of inertial force and gravity that also calculates the target motion orbital force acts around that point. Since the point where the moment becomes zero except for the vertical component) and the target floor reaction force center point coincide, it is the same even if the target ZMP trajectory is given instead of the target floor reaction force center point trajectory ( (For details, see Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-352011 by the applicant of the present application).
- the target gait was defined as follows.
- a target gait in a broad sense is a set of a target motion trajectory and its target floor reaction force trajectory for a period of one step! / or multiple steps.
- the target gait in the narrow sense is a set of the target motion trajectory for the period of one step and its ZMP trajectory.
- a series of gaits shall be a combination of several gaits.
- the target trajectory of the robot 1 is determined after explicitly setting the target trajectory of the floor reaction force vertical component. Therefore, in this specification, the following b ′) is used as the definition of the target gait in a narrow sense.
- the target gait in the narrow sense is a set of the target motion trajectory for the period of one step, its target ZMP trajectory and the target translational floor reaction force vertical component trajectory.
- the target gait will be used in the meaning of the target gait in the narrow sense of b ') unless otherwise specified.
- “1 step” of the target gait is used in the meaning from the time when one leg 2 of the robot 1 is landed until the other leg 2 is landed.
- “floor reaction force vertical component” means “translational floor reaction force vertical component”
- the vertical component of moment of the floor reaction force (vertical axis component) is And the term “floor reaction force vertical component”.
- floor reaction force water ration means “translational floor reaction force horizontal component”.
- the period in which both legs are supported in the gait is a period in which the robot 1 supports its own weight with both legs 2 and 2, and the one leg supporting period is the weight of the robot 1 in only one leg 2.
- the period during which the legs are supported, the air period refers to the period during which the legs 2 and 2 are separated from each other (floating in the air).
- the leg 2 on the side that does not support the weight of the robot 1 during the one-leg support period is called “free leg”.
- the one-leg support period (landing period) and the aerial period are alternately repeated without the both-leg support period.
- both legs 2 and 2 do not support the dead weight of mouth bot 1 in the air period, but were leg 2 and support legs that were free legs in the single leg support period immediately before the air period.
- Leg 2 is also referred to as a free leg and a supporting leg, respectively, even during the aerial period.
- the outline of the target gait generated by the gait generator 100 will be described using the running gait shown in FIG. 5 as an example. Other definitions and details regarding the gait are also described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-86081 previously proposed by the applicant of the present application, and are described below in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-86081. The contents that are not mainly explained.
- This running gait is the same gait as a normal human running gait.
- the leg 2 (support leg) of the robot 1 on either the left or right side of the robot 1 is in the single leg support period when the foot 22 lands (grounds), and both legs 2 and 2 float in the air.
- the air phase is repeated alternately.
- the left leg 2L in front of the right leg 2R is swung forward as shown in FIG.
- the left leg 2L is in front of the right leg 2R, and both legs are out of bed, as shown in Fig. 5 (g).
- a basic outline of the target gait generated by the gait generator 100 will be described in consideration of the running gait of FIG. Although details will be described later, when the gait generator 100 generates the target gait, the target gait such as the landing position / posture (scheduled landing position / posture) and landing time (scheduled landing time) of the foot 22 on the free leg side
- a basic request value (request parameter) for generation is given to the gait generator 100 according to a required operation of the joystick 44 or the like.
- the gait generator 100 generates a desired gait using the required parameters. More specifically, the gait generator 100 defines some components of the desired gait, such as the desired foot position / posture trajectory of the desired gait and the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory, according to the required parameters. After determining the parameters to be used (gait parameters), the instantaneous values of the desired gait are sequentially determined using the gait parameters, and a time series pattern of the desired gait is generated.
- the desired foot position / posture trajectory (more specifically, the target trajectory of each spatial component (X-axis component etc.) of the foot position and posture) is, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3233450.
- This finite-time settling filter is a first-order lag filter with a variable time constant, that is, a filter whose transfer function is expressed as 1 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ s), where ⁇ is a variable time constant. Filters) are connected in series in multiple stages (in this embodiment, three or more stages), and can generate and output a trajectory that reaches a specified value at a desired specified time.
- the time constants ⁇ of the unit filters at each stage are variably set sequentially according to the remaining time from the start of output generation of the finite time settling filter to the specified time. More specifically, as the remaining time becomes shorter, the value is decreased by a predetermined initial value (> 0), and finally, at the specified time when the remaining time becomes 0, It is set to become power ⁇ .
- the finite time settling filter is given a step input having a height corresponding to the specified value (more specifically, the amount of change from the initial value of the finite time settling filter output to the specified value).
- Such a finite time settling filter can reduce the rate of change of the finite time settling filter output at the specified time to zero or almost zero, as well as generating an output that reaches the specified value at the specified time.
- the change acceleration (differential value of the change speed) of the output of the finite time settling filter can be made zero or almost zero.
- the generation of the foot position / posture trajectory using such a finite time settling filter (the position / posture trajectory from the landing of the foot 22 to the next landing) is performed, for example, as follows.
- the desired foot position trajectory in the X-axis direction (front-back direction) is generated as follows. That is, the X-axis direction position of the next planned landing position of each foot 22 determined by the required parameters (more specifically, the amount of change in the X-axis direction relative to the landing position immediately before the next planned landing position (movement amount This corresponds to the specified value), and the step input height to the finite time settling filter is determined and the time constant is initialized to a predetermined initial value and then determined.
- the step input is given to the finite time settling filter, and trajectory generation of the foot 22 in the X-axis direction is started.
- the time constant ⁇ is sequentially variably set so as to decrease to the initial value force 0 by the scheduled landing time of the foot 22 (which corresponds to the specified time). .
- a trajectory of the foot 22 in the X-axis direction is generated so that the planned landing position is reached at the scheduled landing time.
- the desired foot position trajectory in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) is generated as follows, for example.
- the position of the foot 22 in the Z-axis direction when the height (vertical position) of the foot 22 is maximized according to the next scheduled landing position and the scheduled landing time of the foot 22 (hereinafter, The highest point position) and the time to reach the highest point position are determined.
- the height of the step input to the finite time settling filter is determined according to the highest point position (which corresponds to the specified value), and the time constant is initialized and then determined.
- the step input is given to the finite time settling filter, and the foot position trajectory in the Z-axis direction up to the highest point position is sequentially generated.
- the time constant ⁇ is sequentially variably set so that the initial value force also decreases to 0 by the time of arrival at the highest point position (corresponding to the specified time). Furthermore, when generation of the trajectory in the axial direction up to the highest point position is completed, the time constant is initialized and the step input with the opposite polarity to the previous step input (more specifically, the highest point position force The amount of change in the vertical axis direction to the planned position (this is the step input with the reverse polarity corresponding to the specified value) is input to the finite time settling filter, and the maximum point position force is also applied to the planned landing position. The trajectory of the foot position in the heel axis direction is generated sequentially. At this time, the time constant ⁇ is set to be variable so that the initial force also decreases to 0 by the scheduled landing time of the foot 22.
- the time constant ⁇ is variable so that it continuously decreases from the time when the trajectory is generated to the scheduled landing time of the foot 22 to the initial force of 0.
- the foot position trajectory in the heel axis direction may be generated by switching the polarity of the step input to the reverse polarity at the time of arrival at or near the highest point position. In this case, the foot 22 cannot reach the desired highest point position with high accuracy, but can reach the planned landing position at the planned landing time without any problem.
- the foot posture trajectory can also be generated using a finite time settling filter in the same manner as the foot position trajectory described above.
- the components whose angle change of the posture is monotonic (monotonic increase or monotonic decrease)
- the foot posture trajectory may be generated in the same manner as the foot position trajectory in the X-axis direction described above.
- a foot posture trajectory may be generated in the same manner as the generation of the foot position trajectory in the Z-axis direction described above.
- a posture posture trajectory in the Z-axis direction is generated so as to change as shown in Figs. 6 and 8 from the side of the left foot 22L in the running gait of Fig. 5.
- the soles of the floor at the time of getting out of bed are tilted continuously so that the tip is lowered from a state where the tip (toe) is higher than the rear end (heel) relative to the floor.
- the inclination state of the foot 22L changes so that the force at the time of leaving the bed is almost parallel to the floor immediately before the transition to the next landing phase.
- the angle ⁇ is defined as negative (one) when the sole rises forward relative to the floor, and positive (+) when the sole falls forward.
- the angle ⁇ may be defined as a function ⁇ (d) of the distance d.
- the angle ⁇ force ⁇ may be controlled in the middle of the air phase, and the angle ⁇ may be maintained at 0 until the transition time to the landing phase.
- the desired foot position / posture trajectory generated by the finite time settling filter as described above is the target position / posture trajectory of each foot 22 in the later-described support leg coordinate system fixed to the floor surface. .
- the position of each foot 22 is gradually accelerated from its initial ground contact state (initial time state of the target gait) toward the planned landing position. While starting to move.
- the target foot position / posture trajectory then gradually decelerates the change speed of the saddle position to 0 or almost 0 by the scheduled landing time, reaches the planned landing position and stops at the planned landing time. To be generated. For this reason,
- the ground speed at the moment of landing of each foot 22 (the changing speed of the position of each foot 22 in the support leg coordinate system fixed to the floor) becomes zero or almost zero. Therefore, even if the landing gait is in a state where all the legs 2 and 2 are present in the air at the same time (the state in the air), the landing impact is reduced.
- the vertical velocity of the aerial latter half force upper body 24 is downward due to the gravity acting on the robot 1, and remains downward even when landing. Therefore, as described above, the desired foot position posture trajectory is generated so that the ground speed at the moment of landing of each foot 22 is 0 or almost 0, and the dynamic equilibrium condition is satisfied as described later.
- the target position / posture trajectory of the body 24 is generated, immediately before landing, the relative speed of the foot 22 on the free leg side with respect to the upper body 24 becomes upward. That is, at the moment of landing of the running gait, the target gait of mouth bot 1 is a gait that makes landing while retracting the leg 22 on the free leg side to the upper body 24 side.
- the robot 1 sees from the upper body 24 so that the ground speed of the foot 22 on the free leg side becomes 0 or almost 0 at the moment of landing. Land with the foot 22 raised. This reduces the landing impact and prevents the landing impact from becoming excessive.
- the finite time settling filter is a unit filter having three or more stages (for example, three stages) connected in series, so that the speed of each foot 22 (foot)
- Each foot 22 that stops only when the speed of change of the flat position is 0 or almost zero, and its acceleration also becomes 0 or almost 0 at the scheduled landing time, and stops.
- the ground force velocity at the moment of landing is also zero or almost zero. Therefore, the landing impact is further reduced. In particular, even if the actual landing time of the mouth bot 1 deviates from the target landing time force, the impact does not increase so much.
- the number of stages of the unit filter of the finite time settling filter may be two, but in this case, the planned landing time
- the acceleration of each foot 22 is generally not zero.
- the foot posture is maintained constant for a while after each foot 22 has landed on almost the entire bottom surface at the scheduled landing time. Therefore, the time at which the substantially entire bottom surface of the foot 22 contacts the floor is set as the designated time, and the foot posture trajectory is generated by the finite time settling filter.
- the speed of change of the foot position at the estimated landing time when the foot position trajectory is generated using the finite time settling filter is 0 or almost 0 (the time of the foot position).
- a function such as a polynomial set so that the change acceleration of the foot position (time differential value of the change speed) at the scheduled landing time is 0 or almost 0 so that the derivative value becomes 0).
- the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory is set as shown in FIG. 9, for example.
- the shape of the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory in the running gait (specifically, the shape in the single leg support period) is defined as a trapezoid (a shape convex to the increase side of the floor reaction force vertical component).
- the gait parameters are determined using the height of the trapezoid and the time of the break point as the gait parameters that define the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory.
- the desired floor reaction force vertical component is constantly set to zero.
- the target floor reaction force vertical component trajectory should be set to be substantially continuous (so that the value does not become discontinuous).
- substantially continuous means that the jump of the value that inevitably occurs when digitally representing an analog continuous trajectory (a true continuous trajectory) in a discrete time system is It is not something that loses continuity.
- the target ZMP trajectory is set as follows. In the running gait shown in Fig. 5, as described above, the vehicle lands on almost the entire bottom surface of the supporting leg side foot 22, then kicks with the toes of the supporting leg side foot 22 and jumps into the air. Land on almost the entire bottom surface of the side foot 22. Therefore, the target ZMP trajectory during the single leg support period is shown in the upper diagram of FIG. 10, with the intermediate position between the heel and toes of the support leg side foot 22 as the initial position, and then the support leg side foot 22 It is set to remain constant during the period when almost the entire bottom surface is in contact with the ground, and then moved to the toes of the supporting leg side foot 22 before leaving the floor.
- the top diagram of Figure 10 shows the X axis
- the target ZMP trajectory in the direction front-rear direction
- the lower diagram in Fig. 10 shows the target ZMP trajectory in the Y-axis direction (left-right direction). Note that the target ZMP trajectory in the Y-axis direction during the one-leg support period is set to the same position as the center position of the ankle joint of the support leg side leg 2 in the Y-axis direction, as shown in the lower diagram of FIG.
- the target ZMP trajectory in the Y-axis direction during the one-leg support period is set to the same position as the center position of the ankle joint of the support leg side leg 2 in the Y-axis direction, as shown in the lower diagram of FIG.
- the target ZMP may be set discontinuously.
- the target ZMP is set so that the target ZMP position force at the time of getting out of bed (at the end of the one-leg support period) does not move, and at the end of the aerial period, it is discontinuous at the target ZMP position at the time of landing (stepped The target ZMP trajectory may be set so as to move to).
- the target ZMP trajectory may be set so as to move to.
- the X-axis direction position of the target ZMP trajectory in the aerial phase is from the toe of the supporting leg side foot 22 until the landing of the next free leg side leg 2. It was made to move continuously to the middle position of the heel and toes of the foot 22 on the free leg side.
- the Y-axis position of the target ZMP trajectory in the mid-air period is the center of the ankle joint of the supporting leg side leg 2 until the landing of the next leg leg 2 Y-axis direction position force It was made to move continuously to the Y-axis direction position of the center of the ankle joint of the free leg side leg 2.
- the target ZMP trajectory was made continuous (substantially continuous) throughout the gait. Then, as will be described later, the target gait is generated so that the resultant momentum (excluding the vertical component) of gravity and inertial force around the target ZMP becomes zero (more specifically, the target body position / posture trajectory). Adjusted).
- the position and time of the break point of the target ZMP trajectory as shown in FIG. 10 are set as ZMP trajectory parameters (parameters that define the target ZMP trajectory).
- the meaning of “substantially continuous” in the ZMP trajectory described above is that of the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory. Same as the case.
- the ZMP trajectory parameters are determined so that the stability margin is high and no sudden change occurs.
- a state in which the target ZMP exists near the center of the smallest convex polygon (so-called support polygon) including the contact surface of the robot 1 is said to have a high stability margin (for details, refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-86081). reference).
- the target ZMP trajectory in Fig. 10 is set to satisfy these conditions.
- the target arm posture is expressed as a relative posture with respect to the upper body 24.
- the target body position / posture, the target foot position / posture, and a later-described reference body posture are described in a global coordinate system.
- the Groinole coordinate system is a coordinate system fixed to the floor as described above. More specifically, as the global coordinate system, the support leg coordinate system described later is used.
- the gait generator 100 in the present embodiment is a target gait for one step from the landing of one leg 2 of the robot 1 to the landing of the other leg 2 (meaning in the narrow sense)
- the desired gait for one step is generated in turn in units of the desired gait at). Therefore, in the running gait shown in FIG. 5 generated in the present embodiment, the target gait is from the start of the one-leg support period to the end of the subsequent air period (at the start of the next one-leg support period).
- the desired gaits up to are generated in order.
- the new target gait to be generated is called “current gait”, the next target gait is “next gait”, and the next target gait is “next gait”. Call it like this.
- the target gait generated immediately before the “current time gait” is referred to as the “previous gait”.
- the gait generator 100 When the gait generator 100 newly generates the current time's gait, the gait generator 100 includes the planned landing position / posture of the free leg side foot 22 up to two steps ahead of the robot 1, The required value (request) of the scheduled landing time is input as a request parameter for the gait (or the gait generator 100 reads the request parameter from the storage device). The gait generator 100 uses these required parameters to calculate the target body position / posture trajectory, target foot position / posture trajectory, target ZMP trajectory, target floor reaction force vertical component trajectory, target arm posture trajectory, etc. Generate. At this time, some of the gait parameters that define these trajectories are appropriately modified to ensure the continuity of walking.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart (structure flowchart) showing gait generation processing executed by the gait generator 100.
- This process is performed when the gait generator 100 is activated. Next, the process proceeds to SO 14 via S012, and the gait generator 100 waits for a timer interrupt for each control cycle (the calculation processing cycle in the flowchart of FIG. 11). The control period is ⁇ t.
- the process proceeds to S016, where it is determined whether or not the force is a gait change point.
- the process proceeds to S018, and when it is not the change point, the process proceeds to S030.
- the above “gait changeover” means the timing when generation of the previous time's gait is completed and generation of the current time's gait starts. The control cycle becomes the gait change point.
- time t is initialized to 0, then proceeding to S020, where the next gait support leg coordinate system, the next gait support leg coordinate system, the current gait cycle and the next gait cycle are read. Is included.
- These supporting leg coordinate systems and gait cycles are determined by the required parameters. That is, in this embodiment, the required parameters given to the gait generator 100 from the joystick 44 and the like are the predicted landing position posture of the free leg side foot 22 up to two steps ahead (the foot 22 has landed and The foot position and posture in a state where the floor is rotated without sliding so that the bottom is almost entirely in contact with the floor surface), and the required value for the expected landing time.
- the requested values for the gait correspond to the current time's gait and the next time's gait, respectively, and are given to the gait generator 100 before the start of generation of the current time's gait (the gait change in S016). It is what was done. These required values can be changed during the generation of the current time's gait.
- the system is determined.
- the gait generator 100 determines a gait parameter of a normal turning gait as a virtual periodic gait following the current time's gait.
- the gait parameter is a foot trajectory parameter that defines the target foot position / posture trajectory in a normal turning gait, Reference body posture trajectory parameter that defines body posture trajectory, arm trajectory parameter that defines target arm posture trajectory, ZMP trajectory parameter that defines target ZMP trajectory, target floor reaction force lead Floor reaction force vertical component that defines direct component trajectory Includes trajectory parameters.
- the parameters that define the target floor reaction force horizontal component tolerance range are also included in the gait parameters.
- the “steady turning gait” is the motion state of the robot 1 at the gait boundary (in this embodiment, the gait boundary for each step) when the gait is repeated ( It is used to mean a periodic gait that does not cause discontinuities in the foot position / posture, body position / posture, etc.
- the “normal turning gait” may be abbreviated as “normal gait”.
- the normal turning gait is provisional in order for the gait generator 100 to determine the motion state of the robot 1, such as the divergent component at the end of the current gait, the body vertical position velocity, the body posture angle, and the angular velocity.
- the gait generator 100 does not output the gait generator 100 as it is.
- divergence means that the position of the upper body 24 of the bipedal mobile robot 1 shifts to a position far from the positions of both feet 22 and 22.
- the value of the divergent component is the position of the upper body 24 of the biped mobile robot 1 at the positions of both feet 22 and 22 (more specifically, the global coordinate system set on the ground of the supporting leg side foot 22 ( It is a numerical value that indicates how far away from the origin of the support leg coordinate system).
- the foot trajectory parameter of the gait parameters of the normal gait is connected so that the foot position / posture trajectory is connected in the order of the current time gait, the first turning gait, and the second turning gait. Is determined.
- a specific setting method will be described below.
- the foot 22 of the leg 2 on the support leg side is referred to as the support leg foot
- the foot 2 of the leg 2 on the free leg side is referred to as the free leg foot.
- “initial” and “end” of the gait mean the gait start time, end time, or instantaneous gait at those times, respectively.
- the foot trajectory parameters are the positions and orientations of the supporting leg foot and the free leg foot in the initial stage and the end of the first turning gait and the second turning gait, respectively It consists of a gait cycle.
- the first swing gait initial free leg The foot position / posture is the foot position / posture at the end of the current time's gait viewed from the next time's gait support leg coordinate system. In this case, in the running gait, the supporting leg foot 22 at the end of the current time gait is moving in the air.
- Required values for the planned landing position / posture of the leg foot 22 (support for the current time's gait) (required values for the expected landing position / posture for the next time's gait of the foot foot 22) or the next gait supporting leg coordinates corresponding to the required value
- the foot position / posture trajectory (specifically, the trajectory seen from the next time's gait supporting leg coordinate system) to the gait end position of the next time's gait is determined according to the system. It is calculated
- a reference body posture trajectory parameter that defines a reference body posture trajectory that the target body posture should follow is determined.
- the reference body posture is connected at the beginning of the normal gait (the initial of the first turning gait) and the end (the end of the second turning gait) (the reference body posture at the beginning and end of the normal gait)
- the reference body posture is an upright posture (vertical posture). ). That is, in the present embodiment, the reference body posture is set to the upright posture during the entire period of the normal gait. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the posture angle of the reference body posture are zero.
- arm posture trajectory parameters more specifically, arm posture trajectory parameters other than those relating to changes in angular momentum of both arms around the vertical axis (or upper body trunk axis) are determined.
- arm posture trajectory parameters such as the relative height of the hand of the arm with respect to the upper body 24 and the relative center of gravity of the entire arm are determined.
- the relative center-of-gravity position of the entire arm is set to be kept constant with respect to the upper body.
- floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters are set.
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory defined by the parameter is substantially continuous as shown in FIG. 9 even if the first turning gait and the second turning gait are misaligned.
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters are set so that In that pattern, in both the first and second turning gaits, the vertical component of the floor reaction force changes to a trapezoidal shape during the one-leg support period and maintains the floor reaction force vertical component force ⁇ during the aerial period. Is done. And this par The turning point time and the height (peak value) of the trapezoidal part are set as the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters.
- the allowable range [Fxmin, Fxmax] of the floor reaction force horizontal component (more specifically, the parameters defining this) is It is set as shown in FIG.
- the negative broken line in Fig. 13 represents the floor reaction force horizontal component allowable lower limit value Fxmin
- the positive broken line represents the floor reaction force horizontal component allowable upper limit value Fxmax. The following is a supplement on these setting methods. Below, the case where a floor is horizontal is demonstrated.
- the horizontal component of the floor reaction force has a limit that cannot generate any force friction generated by the friction between the floor and the foot 22. Therefore, the floor reaction force horizontal component of the target gait must always be within the friction limit in order to prevent slipping when the actual robot 1 moves according to the generated target gait. Therefore, in order to satisfy this condition, a floor reaction force horizontal component allowable range is set, and the target gait is set so that the floor reaction force horizontal component of the target gait is within this allowable range as described later. It was decided to generate.
- Fxmin ka * ⁇ * Floor reaction force vertical component
- the floor reaction force horizontal component permissible range in Fig. 13 is an example set according to Equation 12.
- the value and time at the break point such as trapezoidal waveform in Fig. 1713 may be set, but when determining the floor reaction force horizontal component allowable range using Equation 12
- the value of (ka *) in Equation 12 may be set as a parameter.
- a trajectory parameter that defines the trajectory of the normal gait combining the first turning gait and the second turning gait is set.
- the target heel trajectory is set so that the stability margin is high and does not change suddenly as described above.
- the almost entire bottom surface of the supporting leg foot 22 is maintained in contact with the ground. After that, only the toes of the support leg foot 22 are grounded. Then, kick with the toes of the support foot 22 Then it jumps into the air and finally lands on almost the entire bottom surface of the free leg foot 22.
- the target ZMP must be within the ground plane. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the positions of the target ZMP in the X axis direction of the first turning gait and the second turning gait of the normal gait are as shown in the upper diagram of FIG.
- the intermediate position of the heel and toes of the flat 22 is maintained at a constant position for a while and then moved to the toes until the foot 22 comes into contact with the toes. Set to stay on flat 22 toes.
- the target ZMP continues until the landing of the next free leg foot 22 as described above, and the target ZMP continues from the toe of the supporting leg foot 22 to the intermediate position of the heel and toe of the free leg foot 22.
- the time and position force of the target ZMP trajectory are set as the MP trajectory parameters.
- the time of the break point is set according to the gait cycle of the first turning gait and the second turning gait determined according to the required parameters, and the position of the break point is the next time's gait.
- Support leg coordinate system and next gait support Depending on the position and orientation of the leg coordinate system or the required parameters for the first and second steps of the free leg side foot landing planned position and orientation of the required parameters that define these coordinate systems Is set.
- the position of the Z MP trajectory in the Y-axis direction is set in the same manner as that shown in the lower diagram of FIG. More specifically, the trajectory of the target ZMP position in the Y-axis direction in the first turning gait is set in the same pattern as in the lower diagram of FIG. 10, and the target ZMP position in the Y-axis direction in the second turning gait is set.
- the trajectory is set to the same shape as that of the first turning gait and connected to the end of the trajectory.
- the initial state calculated here is the initial body horizontal position speed (initial body position and initial body speed in the horizontal direction) of the normal gait, initial body vertical position speed (the initial body position in the vertical direction) Body position and initial body velocity), initial divergence component, initial body posture angle and its angular velocity. This initial state is calculated exploratoryly.
- the foot position / posture trajectory of the current time's gait is the foot position of the normal gait.
- the foot trajectory parameters of the current time's gait are set so as to lead to the force trajectory.
- the invention of the present application is characterized in that the trajectory parameters of the foot 22 are set so that the robot can stably walk or run while mitigating the impact of landing on the robot and avoiding slipping and spinning of the sole.
- the process proceeds to S602, where the reference body posture trajectory parameter force of the current time's gait is determined in the same manner as the first turning gait of the normal gait and the second turning gait.
- the reference body posture trajectory of the current time's gait is continuously connected to the reference body posture trajectory of the normal gait (the reference body posture angle and angular velocity at the end of the current time's gait are on the basis of the initial normal gait, respectively.
- the above parameters are set to match the body posture angle and angular velocity.
- the standard body posture is a normal vertical posture even if the current time's gait and normal gait are different or misaligned.
- the arm posture trajectory parameters of the current time gait are determined in the same manner as the first turning gait and the second turning gait of the normal gait. However, the above parameters are set so that the arm posture trajectory of the current time's gait is continuously connected to the arm posture trajectory of the normal gait.
- the arm posture trajectory parameters determined here are the changes in the angular momentum of both arms around the vertical axis (or upper trunk axis), as in the determination of the normal gait parameters (S104 in Fig. 12). It is a motion parameter other than that related to this, and it is a parameter that defines the trajectory of the center of gravity of both arms.
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory defined by the parameter is set so as to be a substantially continuous trajectory (value does not fly stepwise) as shown in Fig. 9. .
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters are determined so that the overall center of gravity vertical position velocity and the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory of the current time's gait are continuously connected to the normal gait. .
- the floor reaction force horizontal component permissible range [Fxmin, Fxmax] (specifically, a parameter defining the pattern of the floor reaction force horizontal component permissible range) is the first turn of the normal gait.
- the gait is set in the same way as the second turning gait.
- the floor reaction force horizontal component allowable range is set in the pattern shown in Fig. 15.
- the floor reaction force horizontal component permissible range is determined based on Equation 12 according to the floor reaction force vertical component pattern previously determined in S606. Is set.
- the ZMP trajectory of the current time's gait (specifically, the parameters that define the ZMP trajectory, the time and position of the trajectory breakpoint) is the first turning gait of the normal gait. Similar to the second turning gait, the stability margin is high and it is set as shown in Fig. 10 so that there is no sudden change. However, the above parameters are set so that the ZMP trajectory of the current time's gait is continuously connected to the ZMP trajectory of the normal gait. In other words, the ZMP trajectory parameters are determined so that the ZMP position at the end of the current time's gait matches the ZMP position at the beginning of the normal gait.
- the method for setting the time and position of the break point of the ZMP track during the single leg support period may be the same as the method for setting the ZMP track parameter for the normal gait described above. Then, the ZMP trajectory parameters should be set so that the target ZMP trajectory in the air period changes linearly and continuously from the start of the air period to the ZMP position at the beginning of the normal gait.
- the ZMP trajectory parameters of the current time's gait determined in S610 are only provisionally determined, and are corrected as described later. Therefore, the ZMP trajectory of the current time gait set as described above will be referred to as the temporary target ZMP trajectory of the current time gait.
- the process then proceeds to S028, where the gait parameter (ZMP trajectory parameter of the current time's gait) Meter) is modified.
- the ZMP trajectory parameters are modified so that the body position / posture trajectory is made continuous or close to the normal gait.
- the process proceeds to S032, where the arm motion for canceling the spin force (the floor reaction force moment vertical component generated around the target ZMP by movement other than the arm of robot 1 is made substantially zero) is determined.
- the floor reaction force moment vertical component trajectory in the target ZMP when the arm is not shaken (strictly speaking, when the gait is generated without shaking the arm, the resultant force of the robot's gravity and inertial force is The sign of each instantaneous value of the moment vertical component trajectory acting on the target ZMP is obtained).
- the instantaneous value is obtained from the vertical component of the floor reaction force moment around the target ZMP (instantaneous value) that balances the instantaneous value of the movement (including arm swing motion). Then, by dividing this by the equivalent moment of inertia of the arm swing motion, the angular acceleration of the arm swing motion necessary for canceling the spin force is obtained. In addition, if the swing of the arm is too large, it can be divided by a value larger than the equivalent moment of inertia.
- this angular acceleration is second-order integrated, and the angle obtained by passing this through a low-cut filter to prevent the integral value from becoming excessive is taken as the arm swinging operation angle.
- the left and right arms are swung in the reverse direction so that the center of gravity position of both arms is not changed. It is also possible to generate an arm swing motion for canceling the spinner even in a normal gait and determine the arm swing motion in this time's gait so as to connect to this.
- the above is the target gait generation process in the gait generator 100.
- the target gait is generated as described above.
- the target body position / posture (trajectory) and the target arm posture (trajectory) are sent to the robot geometric model (reverse kinematics calculation unit) 102.
- Target foot position / posture (trajectory), target ZMP trajectory (target total floor reaction force center point trajectory), and target total floor reaction force (trajectory) (target floor reaction force horizontal component and target floor reaction force) (Vertical component) is sent to the composite compliance action determination unit 104 and also to the target floor reaction force distributor 106.
- the target floor reaction force distributor 106 distributes the floor reaction force to each foot 22R, 22L, and determines the target foot floor reaction force center point and the target foot floor reaction force.
- the determined target foot floor reaction force center point and the target foot floor reaction force are sent to the composite compliance action determining unit 104.
- the corrected compliance foot position / posture (trajectory) with mechanism deformation compensation is sent from the composite compliance action determination unit 104 to the robot geometric model 102.
- the robot geometric model 102 receives 12 joints of legs 2 and 2 that satisfy the target body position / posture (trajectory) and the corrected target foot position / posture (trajectory) with mechanism deformation compensation.
- (10R (L) etc.) joint displacement finger Command (value) is calculated and sent to the displacement controller 108.
- the displacement controller 108 performs follow-up control on the displacements of the 12 joints of the robot 1 using the joint displacement command (value) calculated by the robot geometric model 102 as a target value.
- the robot geometric model 102 calculates the displacement designation (value) of the arm joint that satisfies the target arm posture and sends it to the displacement controller 108.
- the displacement controller 108 follows and controls the displacement of the 12 joints of the arm body of the mouth bot 1 using the joint displacement command (value) calculated by the robot geometric model 102 as a target value.
- the floor reaction force generated in the robot 1 (specifically, the actual foot reaction force) is detected by the 6-axis force sensor 34.
- the detected value is sent to the composite compliance operation determining unit 104.
- posture tilt deviation ⁇ errx, ⁇ erry (more specifically, deviation of actual posture angle with respect to target body posture angle, posture angle deviation in roll direction (around X axis) is ⁇ errx, and pitch
- a posture angle deviation in the direction (around the Y axis) is detected by the inclination sensor 36, and the detected value is sent to the posture stabilization control calculation unit 112.
- This posture stabilization control calculation unit 112 calculates a compensated total floor reaction force moment around the target total floor reaction force center point (target ZMP) for restoring the body posture angle of the robot 1 to the target body posture angle. It is sent to the composite compliance operation determination unit 104.
- the composite compliance operation determination unit 104 corrects the target floor reaction force based on the input value. Specifically, the target floor reaction force is corrected so that the compensated total floor reaction force moment acts around the target total floor reaction force center point (target ZMP).
- the composite compliance action determining unit 104 adjusts the corrected target floor reaction force with the mechanism deformation compensation to match the corrected target floor reaction force with the actual robot state and the floor reaction force for which the force such as the sensor detection value is calculated. Determine the flat position (orbit). However, since it is virtually impossible to match all the states to the target, a trade-off relationship is given between them so that they can be compromised. In other words, the control deviation for each target is given a weight, and control is performed so that the weighted average of the control deviation (or the square of the control deviation) is minimized. As a result, the actual foot position / posture and the total floor reaction force are controlled to substantially follow the target foot position / posture and the target total floor reaction force.
- the gist of the present invention resides in gait generation of the robot 1 in the gait generator 100, and the configuration and operation of the composite compliance operation determination unit 104 and the like described above are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei. Since it is described in detail in Gazette 10-277969, etc. Stop Ming more than that.
- the walking gait is a gait in which the one-leg support period and the both-leg support period in the air are repeated alternately.
- the body vertical position trajectory determined from at least the geometrical conditions (geometric constraints) related to the displacement of the joints of each leg, such as whether the knee bending angle is appropriate ( —
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory is determined so as to satisfy as much as possible the features such as phase and amplitude of the body vertical position trajectory using the body height determination method described in the 86080 publication.
- the main part of the algorithm for generating gaits can be shared between running and walking, and it is also possible to shift from walking to running or from running to walking.
- the body horizontal position trajectory assumes that the floor reaction force vertical component coincides with the robot 1's own weight, and that the body vertical position force is a constant value determined by force. Is determined to be the horizontal component force of the floor reaction force moment. Further, the body posture trajectory at this time may be a trajectory having a constant posture (such as a vertical posture).
- the foot trajectory was determined using the body height determination method previously proposed by the applicant of the present application (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-86080, more specifically, the method of Fig. 6 of the same publication).
- the body vertical position trajectory is calculated based on the foot trajectory determined by the parameters, the body horizontal position trajectory determined as described above, and the body posture trajectory, and this is used as the reference body vertical position trajectory.
- the reference body vertical position is determined.
- Features such as trajectory amplitude and phase are calculated (extracted).
- the reference body vertical The amplitude of the position trajectory (difference between the minimum value and the maximum value) is calculated as the feature amount.
- the body vertical position trajectory generated based on the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters can satisfy the feature amount as much as possible (the reference body vertical position trajectory).
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters (time at the break point and floor reaction force vertical component value) are determined so that the patterns are as similar as possible. More specifically, in the case of a walking gait, the first turning gait and the second turning gait of the normal gait and the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory of the current time gait are, for example, polygonal lines as shown in FIG.
- the trapezoidal shape is convex (upward) on the floor reaction force vertical component increase side in the both-leg support period, and is convex (downward convex) on the floor reaction force vertical component decrease side in the one-leg support period.
- this floor reaction force vertical component trajectory is obtained by integrating the floor 1 from the beginning of the gait (start time of the both-leg support period) to the end (end time of the one-leg support period).
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters for example, the height of two trapezoids of the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory, so that the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the body vertical position trajectory corresponding to CI and C2 are determined (in this example, the breakpoint time of the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory is determined according to the required parameters related to the gait cycle).
- the parameter of the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory of the normal gait is determined so as to satisfy the following conditions as described above.
- the average value in the entire normal gait period of the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory (the period of both the first and second turning gaits) is matched with the robot's own weight. That is, the average value of the vertical component of the floor reaction force is set to the same magnitude as the gravity acting on the robot and in the opposite direction.
- the floor reaction force vertical component trajectory parameters of the current time's gait are determined so that the upper body (overall center of gravity) vertical position trajectory is continuously connected to or approaches the normal gait as described above.
- the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory in the walking gait (parameter that defines this) is determined.
- the gait generation process other than the determination process of the desired floor reaction force vertical component trajectory described above is the same as that in the embodiment related to the traveling gait described above.
- the present invention reduces the impact at the time of landing of the robot and avoids slipping of the sole so that the robot can stably walk or run so that the robot can stably walk or run.
- the meter is set (refer to S600 ). This point will be explained below.
- the inclination angle of the left foot 22L with respect to the floor measured based on the output of the rotary encoder 33 is such that the rear end (buttock) of the left foot 22L is more floor than the tip (toe).
- the rotation of the left foot 22L with respect to the left leg 2L is controlled so as to increase toward the positive (+) side, which is farther away.
- the rear end part (heel part) with respect to the floor surface is higher than the front end part (toe part) from the positive side (+) side,
- the left foot against the left leg 2L so that it gradually approaches 0 after the tip end (toe) changes to the negative (-) side higher than the rear end (buttock) relative to the floor.
- the rotation of the flat 22L is controlled.
- the inclination angle of the floor relative to the reference plane such as the basic horizontal plane and horizontal plane of the robot 1 is determined by the inclination angle of the upper body 24 relative to the horizontal plane according to the output of the inclination sensor 36 when one or more legs 2 are landing, It can be measured by analyzing the image of the floor imaged by the camera 92 or the like.
- the inclination angle ⁇ may be defined as a function ⁇ (d) of the distance d.
- ⁇ (d) the inclination angle of the foot 22 with respect to the floor surface from the middle point of the landing phase of the leg 2 to the start point of the landing phase so that the inclination angle ⁇ gradually approaches 0.
- the angle ⁇ may be controlled to 0 in the middle of the air period, and the angle ⁇ force SO may be maintained until the transition time to the landing period.
- the foot 2 (or the sole) of the leg 2 is separated.
- the intermediate point force of the floor period is also controlled from the start of the landing period to the rotation of the foot 22 with respect to the leg 2 so that the inclination angle ⁇ of the foot 22 with respect to the floor gradually approaches 0 (Fig. 5). Figure 6 and Figure 8).
- the landing area on the foot 22 (or the sole) of the leg 2 immediately after the transition from the leaving phase to the landing phase becomes large, so that the impact at the time of landing is widely dispersed on the sole.
- the impact received by the robot 1 can be reduced.
- the robot 1 of the present invention can travel stably while mitigating the impact at the time of landing on the foot 22 of the leg 2 and avoiding slip and spin on the foot 22.
- the rotational movement of the foot 22 with respect to the leg 2 is controlled in such a manner that the tip of the foot 22 (toe) kicks the floor (at times tl to t2 in Fig. 6). (See foot position / posture trajectory).
- the propulsive force of the robot 1 is increased, and as described above, slipping and spinning at the foot 22 of the robot 1 are prevented when landing, so that the robot 1 can be operated at a high speed while stabilizing its behavior. Can be moved.
- the turning motion of the foot 22 with respect to the leg 2 is similarly controlled during walking that does not include the aerial period (see Figs. 5 (c) and 5 (f)) when both legs 2 are getting out of bed. May be. That is, even when the robot 1 is walking, as described above with respect to running, for example, the intermediate time force of the leg 2 during the leaving period The inclination angle ⁇ of the foot 22 with respect to the floor gradually increases toward the beginning of the landing period. The movement of the foot 22 relative to the leg 2 may be controlled so as to approach 0.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020077009651A KR101272193B1 (ko) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | 다리식 이동 로봇 및 그 제어 프로그램 |
CN2005800411309A CN101068663B (zh) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | 腿式移动机器人及其控制方法 |
EP05783498A EP1842628B1 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | Legged mobile robot |
US11/577,404 US8014896B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | Legged mobile robot and control program |
JP2006548701A JP5053644B2 (ja) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | 脚式移動ロボットおよびその制御プログラム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2004362083 | 2004-12-14 | ||
JP2004-362083 | 2004-12-14 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006064597A1 true WO2006064597A1 (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/016890 WO2006064597A1 (ja) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-14 | 脚式移動ロボットおよびその制御プログラム |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8014896B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1842628B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5053644B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101272193B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101068663B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006064597A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2008062330A (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 脚式ロボット |
CN116062059A (zh) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-05-05 | 北京理工大学 | 一种基于深度强化学习的单腿机器人连续跳跃控制方法 |
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KR20110082712A (ko) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 로봇 및 그 제어방법 |
KR20130063230A (ko) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 보행 로봇 및 그 제어 방법 |
CN102582714B (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-07 | 山东大学 | 具有负重能力的液压驱动双足机器人下肢机构 |
JP6228097B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-11-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 移動ロボット |
JP2018508404A (ja) | 2015-02-01 | 2018-03-29 | ジェネシス ロボティクス エルエルピー | ロボット車両およびモバイルプラットフォーム |
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CN112959326B (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-06-07 | 深圳市优必选科技股份有限公司 | 机器人正运动学求解方法、装置、可读存储介质及机器人 |
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CN115723874B (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-04-12 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | 一种稳定爬梯的智能电网四足机器人 |
CN117207203B (zh) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-23 | 北京小米机器人技术有限公司 | 机器人控制方法、装置、机器人及存储介质 |
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- 2005-09-14 WO PCT/JP2005/016890 patent/WO2006064597A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-09-14 KR KR1020077009651A patent/KR101272193B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-09-14 EP EP05783498A patent/EP1842628B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-14 US US11/577,404 patent/US8014896B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-14 JP JP2006548701A patent/JP5053644B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-14 CN CN2005800411309A patent/CN101068663B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2008062330A (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 脚式ロボット |
EP2070662A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2009-06-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged robot |
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CN116062059A (zh) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-05-05 | 北京理工大学 | 一种基于深度强化学习的单腿机器人连续跳跃控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1842628A4 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
KR101272193B1 (ko) | 2013-06-07 |
JP5053644B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
CN101068663A (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
US8014896B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
KR20070083835A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
JPWO2006064597A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
US20080046123A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
EP1842628B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
EP1842628A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
CN101068663B (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
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