WO2006063965A1 - Dispositif d’injection de fluides a l’interieur d’un lit fluidifie rotatif - Google Patents
Dispositif d’injection de fluides a l’interieur d’un lit fluidifie rotatif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006063965A1 WO2006063965A1 PCT/EP2005/056640 EP2005056640W WO2006063965A1 WO 2006063965 A1 WO2006063965 A1 WO 2006063965A1 EP 2005056640 W EP2005056640 W EP 2005056640W WO 2006063965 A1 WO2006063965 A1 WO 2006063965A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- fluidized bed
- space
- rotating
- solid particles
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/38—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it
- B01J8/384—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it being subject to a circulatory movement only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/14—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moving in free vortex flow apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/36—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
- F26B17/107—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers pneumatically inducing within the drying enclosure a curved flow path, e.g. circular, spiral, helical; Cyclone or Vortex dryers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/082—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/0061—Controlling the level
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for injecting a fluid or mixture of fluids, liquid or gaseous, inside a fluidized bed.
- rotary device for increasing the amount of movement and energy that the fluid can transfer to solid particles rotating in a rotating fluidized bed to increase the rotational speed.
- the present invention for improving the efficiency of momentum transfer and kinetic energy transfer between a fluid jet and solid particles suspended in a rotating fluidized bed, comprises deflectors, inside the rotating fluidized bed, suitably profiled and disposed adjacent the fluid injectors, to permit mixing of the injected fluid with a limited amount of solid particles, while channeling it, to prevent or reduce its expansion into the reactor before it has transferred a significant amount of its kinetic energy to these solid particles.
- This device makes it possible to use much lighter fluids than solid particles and to inject it at high speed into the reactor without losing a large part of its kinetic energy because of its expansion in the reactor.
- the present invention can also be applied to a horizontal reactor.
- the rate of injection of the fluid into the reactor, its flow rate and the efficiency of the transfer of its kinetic energy must be sufficient to give a rotational speed to the fluidized bed producing sufficient centrifugal force to hold it against the cylindrical wall from the top of the reactor.
- Figure 1 is a cross section of a reactor for viewing the fluid injection device. It shows the section (1) of the cylindrical wall of a cylindrical reactor, the sections (2) of width (3) of fluid injectors (4), penetrating tangentially in the reactor, and the section (5) of lateral deflectors, arranged longitudinally (perpendicularly to the plane of the figure) at a small distance from the cylindrical wall of the reactor, in front of the injectors, in order to channel the fluid jets into the spaces (6), generally convergent and then diverging, situated between the deflectors and the cylindrical wall of the reactor.
- These lateral deflectors delimit with the injectors passages or corridors of width access (7), where flows
- solid particles suspended in the rotating fluidized bed can enter these spaces (6) and mix with the fluid jets (4).
- the convergence or divergence limited by the deflectors in the first part of these spaces (6) prevents or limits the expansion of fluid jets whose pressure can decrease to retain a good part of their speed while they accelerate the flows ( 8) solid particles.
- the fluid flows (9) then slow down in the divergent portion of these spaces or corridors (6) and their pressure can rise to reach the reactor pressure. Thanks to their inertia the solid particles are less slowed down and can have a tangential exit velocity close to and even greater than that of the fluids which will have yielded to them much of their kinetic energy.
- the pressure injection and therefore their energy must increase to allow the fluids to escape through the outlet (11), despite the strong slowdown caused by solid particles.
- This increase in pressure is reflected in the access passages or corridors (7) and decreases the entry speed of the solid particles, whose concentration increases and the flow rate decreases, thus decreasing the amount of energy that they can to absorb, in order to find an equilibrium of the energy transfer depending on the dimensions of these spaces (6), velocities and densities of the solid particles and fluids.
- the length of these spaces (6) be shorter as the ratios between the width (3) or section of the injectors and the width (7) or section of the access passages are small, so that the fluids still have a speed substantially greater than that of the particles at the outlet (11).
- the amount of energy transferred to the solid particles will be greater if these section ratios are small and the length of these spaces (6) is large, the optimum depending on the operating conditions and objectives.
- This diagram also shows the section (11) of the surface of the rotating fluidized bed, the solid particles symbolized by small arrows (12) indicating their direction of movement, the section of central baffles (13) defining longitudinal slots allowing Centrally aspirate the fluids (14), for their evacuation from the reactor, the curvature (15) of these central deflectors ensuring the separation between the solid particles and the fluid before suction.
- Figure 2 is an axonometric projection of a portion of the side wall (1) of a reactor to better visualize the fluid injection devices. It shows injectors, schematized in (16), or their longitudinal section (17) and, in dotted lines, the section (18) of tubes supplying these injectors, through the reactor wall, fluids whose flows are symbolized by the arrows (4), coming out of the injectors and passing between the side wall (1) of the reactor and the side baffles (19).
- the injectors are separated by rings or fractions of transverse rings (20) along the side wall (1) of the reactor and the lateral baffles (19) are inserted between these rings, leaving an access corridor to the solid particle streams , symbolized by the black arrows (21).
- These rings or rings may be transverse fins or helical coils oriented so as to raise the solid particles along the side wall of the reactor. They can also be hollow and serve as a fluid distributor to the injectors connected to it.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05821754A EP1846149A1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-09 | Dispositif d'injection de fluides a l'interieur d'un lit fluidifie rotatif |
JP2007546030A JP2008523973A (ja) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-09 | 回転流動床中へ流体を注入するための装置 |
US11/793,366 US20080219903A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-09 | Device for Injecting Fluids Inside a Rotary Fluidized Bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE2004/0613A BE1016382A3 (fr) | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | Dispositif d'injection de fluides a l'interieur d'un lit fluidifie rotatif. |
BE2004/0613 | 2004-12-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006063965A1 true WO2006063965A1 (fr) | 2006-06-22 |
Family
ID=34974558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/056640 WO2006063965A1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-09 | Dispositif d’injection de fluides a l’interieur d’un lit fluidifie rotatif |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080219903A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1846149A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008523973A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20070087071A (fr) |
CN (2) | CN101124035A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1016382A3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006063965A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007122211A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procede d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidifie rotatif |
EP1967261A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-10 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procédé d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidifié rotatif. |
WO2008107404A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-12 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procede d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidite rotatif |
CN103134270A (zh) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-05 | 秦皇岛秦冶重工有限公司 | 一种褐煤干燥系统及干燥方法 |
CN105921081A (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-09-07 | 四川省明信投资有限公司 | 一种用于流化床的燃烧装置及配有该燃烧装置的流化床 |
EP3483119A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-15 | Tigerstone Technologies Limited | Production de charbon actif |
US10723627B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2020-07-28 | Tigerstone Technologies Limited | Production of activated carbon |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8071034B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2011-12-06 | De Broqueville Axel | Rotary fluidized bed device and method for using said device |
US20090110600A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Holl Richard A | Methods of operating film surface reactors and reactors employing such methods |
US7906016B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2011-03-15 | Tiax Llc | Chemical reactors |
GB2487179A (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-07-18 | Mortimer Tech Holdings | Toroidal Bed Reactor |
KR101178536B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-08-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 환원철의 제조방법 및 제조장치 |
CN102998013B (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-07-23 | 清华大学 | 一种乙烯裂解炉出口裂解混合产物真实温度的软测量方法 |
GB2552084B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2018-08-01 | Illinois Tool Works | A locker system |
CN103881755B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-01-11 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 一种原料制备装置及方法 |
CA2966181C (fr) | 2014-10-30 | 2022-09-13 | Ecogensus, Llc | Procede de formation d'une composition de combustible solide a partir de dechets solides mixtes |
CN105627695B (zh) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-04-13 | 四川大学 | 气旋喷嘴、振动流化床和振动流化床干燥系统 |
EA036827B1 (ru) * | 2016-09-02 | 2020-12-24 | Вулко С.А. | Гидроциклон |
CN108131906A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-08 | 黄文波 | 基于循环气流的干燥谷物的设备 |
US10618025B2 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2020-04-14 | EcoGensus LLC | Process vessel for forming fuel compositions and related systems and methods |
CN108940138B (zh) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-12-29 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 一种流化床催化反应器 |
CN110961165B (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 催化剂浸渍干燥一体化装置和方法及其应用 |
CN110252214B (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-07-02 | 淮阴工学院 | 有机硅流化床流态化效果实验装置 |
JP7331637B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-05 | 2023-08-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 付着物除去方法 |
KR102283250B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-07-29 | (주)인벤티지랩 | 용매 제거 장치 및 이를 이용한 미소구체 제조 방법 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064882B (de) * | 1958-06-03 | 1959-09-03 | Schilde Maschb Ag | Trocknung von schuettfaehigem Gut in einer Siebtrommelschleuder |
DE2226100A1 (de) * | 1972-05-29 | 1973-12-20 | Krauss Maffei Ag | Einrichtung zum erhitzen von feststoffteilchen mittels heisser gase |
EP0213298A1 (fr) * | 1985-07-24 | 1987-03-11 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Dispositif pour supporter et guider des couches |
JPH05332681A (ja) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-12-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 二次元噴流層造粒炉 |
DE19850099A1 (de) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Vorrichtung für Wirbelschichtapparatur |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3276627A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1966-10-04 | Orville J Birkestrand | Method and apparatus for fluidizing a mass of discrete particles |
BE1016381A3 (fr) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-10-03 | Broqueville Axel De | Dispositif et procede a lit fluidifie rotatif dans une succesion de chambres cylindriques. |
-
2004
- 2004-12-15 BE BE2004/0613A patent/BE1016382A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-12-09 EP EP05821754A patent/EP1846149A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-12-09 JP JP2007546030A patent/JP2008523973A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-12-09 CN CNA2005800483773A patent/CN101124035A/zh active Pending
- 2005-12-09 WO PCT/EP2005/056640 patent/WO2006063965A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-12-09 KR KR1020077016119A patent/KR20070087071A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-12-09 US US11/793,366 patent/US20080219903A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-15 CN CNA2005800483576A patent/CN101124039A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064882B (de) * | 1958-06-03 | 1959-09-03 | Schilde Maschb Ag | Trocknung von schuettfaehigem Gut in einer Siebtrommelschleuder |
DE2226100A1 (de) * | 1972-05-29 | 1973-12-20 | Krauss Maffei Ag | Einrichtung zum erhitzen von feststoffteilchen mittels heisser gase |
EP0213298A1 (fr) * | 1985-07-24 | 1987-03-11 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Dispositif pour supporter et guider des couches |
JPH05332681A (ja) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-12-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 二次元噴流層造粒炉 |
DE19850099A1 (de) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Vorrichtung für Wirbelschichtapparatur |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 168 (M - 1580) 22 March 1994 (1994-03-22) * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007122211A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procede d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidifie rotatif |
EP1967261A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-10 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procédé d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidifié rotatif. |
WO2008107404A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-12 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dispositif et procede d'injection de fluide dans un lit fluidite rotatif |
CN103134270A (zh) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-05 | 秦皇岛秦冶重工有限公司 | 一种褐煤干燥系统及干燥方法 |
CN105921081A (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-09-07 | 四川省明信投资有限公司 | 一种用于流化床的燃烧装置及配有该燃烧装置的流化床 |
CN105921081B (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-01-15 | 四川省明信能源集团有限公司 | 一种用于流化床的燃烧装置及配有该燃烧装置的流化床 |
EP3483119A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-15 | Tigerstone Technologies Limited | Production de charbon actif |
US10723627B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2020-07-28 | Tigerstone Technologies Limited | Production of activated carbon |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1846149A1 (fr) | 2007-10-24 |
CN101124035A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
KR20070087071A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
BE1016382A3 (fr) | 2006-10-03 |
CN101124039A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
US20080219903A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
JP2008523973A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
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