WO2006059684A1 - 送信器、電界通信トランシーバおよび電界通信システム - Google Patents
送信器、電界通信トランシーバおよび電界通信システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006059684A1 WO2006059684A1 PCT/JP2005/022085 JP2005022085W WO2006059684A1 WO 2006059684 A1 WO2006059684 A1 WO 2006059684A1 JP 2005022085 W JP2005022085 W JP 2005022085W WO 2006059684 A1 WO2006059684 A1 WO 2006059684A1
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- reactance
- electric field
- transmission
- variable
- signal
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/005—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmitter, an electric field communication transceiver, and an electric field communication system used in communication in which an electric field is induced in an electric field transmission medium and information is transmitted and received using the induced electric field.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional circuit model of a transceiver, a transmitter (transmitter), and a living body.
- the transmission circuit 105 modulates the information (data) to be transmitted output from the IZO circuit 102 with the modulation circuit 115 at a predetermined frequency f and outputs it.
- the transmission circuit 105 is separated from the ground ground 116, and a stray capacitance 109 is generated between the ground 108 of the transmission circuit and the ground ground 116.
- R 113 is the output resistance of transmitter circuit 105.
- a stray capacitance 107 is generated between the ground 41 of the transmission circuit 105 and the living body 9, and a stray capacitance 110 is generated between the living body 104 and the ground ground 116.
- the living body 104 and the portable terminal 100 are connected via the transmission electrode 111 and the insulator 112.
- a reactance unit 106 is inserted between the transmission circuit and the transmission / reception electrode.
- variable reactance is inserted between the transmission / reception electrode and the transmission circuit to efficiently induce the electric field in the human body even if the stray capacitance fluctuates. It is known that the reactance value of the variable reactance is adjusted by the control section and the control signal generation section (see above special features). See allowed literature).
- s I represents the amplitude of the output signal of the transmitter circuit.
- the values of the stray capacitances 107, 109, and 110 are C, C, and C, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram in the case of using a variable reactance.
- an insulator 133 that is in contact with a living body 131 such as a human body, a transmission / reception electrode 132 insulated by the insulator 133, and an IZO circuit 30 for exchanging data with an external information processing apparatus (not shown) 30 And are shown.
- a transmission circuit 134 As a configuration for transmitting and receiving data, a transmission circuit 134, a switch 135, a variable reactance unit 136, an electric field detection optical unit 137, a signal processing unit 138, and a switch 139, a demodulation circuit 140, a waveform shaping unit 141, an amplitude monitor unit 142, and a control signal generation unit 143 are shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of variable capacitance reactance as an example of variable reactance.
- variable capacitance reactance unit 601 includes AC signal terminals 609 and 610, inductor 687, and buffer amplifier 686.
- a variable capacitance diode 671 such as a NORCAP, capacitances 685 and 690, and resistors 688 and 691.
- a resonance circuit is formed by the variable capacitance diode 671 and the inductor 687, and the capacitance of the variable capacitance diode 671 is changed by the control signal input from the control signal input 610, so that the resonance frequency can be adjusted. When It has become.
- the variable capacitance diode 671 since the variable capacitance diode 671 has a limit on the voltage that can be applied (withstand voltage), it must be used within the range without applying a voltage exceeding this withstand voltage.
- electric field communication transceivers may be applied to manage access to specific buildings and rooms.
- the mobile terminal is operated with a battery, it will be inconvenient and low in safety because it will not be possible to leave the room if the battery runs out after entering the room.
- Fig. 5 shows a system in which power is transmitted and the transceiver shown in Fig. 4 is used as the installed terminal side transceiver.
- the ground 711 and the ground ground 70 2 are separated from the transmission circuit 703 that modulates and outputs the information (data) to be transmitted at a predetermined frequency f, and there is a stray capacitance C between them. 104 has occurred.
- stray capacitance 706 is generated between the ground 711 of the transmission circuit 703 and the living body 700
- stray capacitance C 705 is generated between the living body 700 and the ground ground 702.
- a reactance unit 710 is inserted between the transmission circuit 703 and the transmission / reception electrode 713 to raise the voltage applied to the living body.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system that enables power transmission using the transceiver 701 of FIG.
- the stray capacitance between the transmitting / receiving electrode 727 and the ground 730 is C 724, the living body and sg
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is, firstly, transmission caused by an increase in the stray capacitance between the transmission electrode and the living body accompanying the downsizing of the transceiver or the transmitter.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transmitter and a transceiver that can prevent a decrease in amplitude of a transmission voltage, prevent a decrease in voltage applied to an electric field transmission medium, and improve the quality of electric field communication.
- the present invention can also improve the withstand voltage characteristics of the variable capacitance diode, thereby preventing the suppression of resonance caused by the electrical characteristics of the variable capacitance diode, and electric field communication with sufficient strength. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electric field communication transceiver capable of providing
- the present invention realizes a variable reactance means that enables self-correction by omitting a reactance value correction circuit, and thus has a small circuit scale and enables low power consumption and good communication.
- An object is to provide a communication transceiver.
- the present invention provides an electric field communication transceiver and an electric field communication system capable of applying a large voltage from the installation terminal side transceiver to the portable terminal side transceiver and thus transmitting electric power to the portable terminal side transceiver. Objective.
- a first aspect of the present invention is to induce an electric field based on information to be transmitted in an electric field transmission medium and transmit information to be transmitted via the induced electric field.
- the first reactance means provided between the output of the transmitting device and the transmitting electrode to resonate with each of
- a second reactance means provided between the output of the transmission means and the ground of the transmission means or between the transmission electrode and the ground of the transmission means in order to resonate with the capacitance.
- variable reactance means capable of varying a reactance value of V between the first reactance means and the second reactance means.
- the transmitter according to the first aspect is provided with reactance control means for controlling the reactance value of the variable reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- both the first reactance means and the second reactance means are variable reactance means capable of changing their reactance values, and the electric field transmission medium is transmitted by the transmission means.
- a transmitter according to the first aspect is provided, comprising reactance control means for controlling the reactance values of the first reactance means and the second reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the power supply is maximized. To do.
- the reactance control means outputs an adjustment signal generating means for generating an adjustment signal used for adjusting the reactance value
- the adjustment signal generating means is output.
- Amplitude detection means for detecting the amplitude of the transmission voltage using the adjustment signal and a control signal for controlling the reactance value of the first variable reactance means based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detection means
- First control signal generating means a second control signal generating means for outputting a control signal for controlling the reactance value of the second variable reactance means based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detecting means
- the amplitude detecting means and the first control signal generating means are connected to control the reactance value of the second variable reactance means.
- Comprising connecting means for connecting the second control signal generating means amplitude detecting means, and the Te provides a transmitter according to the third aspect.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the transmission electrode and the ground of the transmission means, and the reactance control means is applied to the electric field transmission medium.
- the second variable reactance means is controlled by adjusting the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means so as to maximize the voltage of the second variable reactance means.
- a resistor connected in series with the second variable reactance means and the transmission means at the time of adjusting the reactance value of the second variable reactance means; A connection between the resistor and the transmission means when adjusting the reactance value of the second variable reactance means, and a connection between the transmission means and the first variable reactance means when adjusting the reactance value of the first variable reactance means;
- a transmitter comprising a connection means for performing a connection between a resistor and a ground of a transmission means.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the output of the transmission means and the ground of the transmission means, and the reactance control means is applied to the electric field transmission medium. Control and adjust the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means so that the transmitted voltage is maximized, and after adjusting the reactance values of the first variable reactance means When the reactance value of the first variable reactance means is adjusted, the second variable reactance means is disconnected from the ground of the transmission means when the reactance value of the first variable reactance means is adjusted, and the reactance value of the second variable reactance means is adjusted.
- the transmitter according to the third aspect is provided with connection means for connecting the second variable reactance means and the ground of the transmission means at the time. Subjected to.
- the capacitance changes in accordance with the inductor and the applied voltage.
- the first variable reactance means other than the self-adjustable variable reactance means or the second variable reactance means is set so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized by the reactance control means. Any reactance value is controlled.
- the eighth aspect of the present invention induces an electric field based on information to be transmitted to the electric field transmission medium, transmits information to be transmitted via the induced electric field, and induces the electric field transmission medium.
- the Transmission means for transmitting a modulated signal obtained by modulating information to be transmitted with an AC signal having a predetermined frequency in a transceiver for receiving information to be received via an electric field based on the received information to be received
- a transmission / reception electrode for inducing an electric field based on the modulation signal in the electric field transmission medium and receiving an electric field based on information to be received, a stray capacitance generated between the ground of the transmission means and the ground, and an electric field
- the stray capacitance generated between the transmission medium and the ground of the transmitting device and the stray capacitance generated between the electric field transmission medium and the earth ground, respectively, between the output of the transmitting means and the transmission / reception electrodes.
- a second reactance means provided between the means and the ground of the means; a receiving means for detecting an electric field based on information to be received, converting it to an electric signal, demodulating and receiving; and In order to prevent the reception signal from leaking to the transmission means, the signal path from the output of the transmission means to the transmission / reception electrode is cut.
- the first connection means for connecting the signal path of the first and the second reactance means and the ground of the transmission means are disconnected to prevent the reception signal from leaking to the ground of the transmission means during reception, while the transmission
- an electric field communication transceiver comprising: second reactance means and second connection means for connecting the ground of the transmission means so that the second reactance means resonates.
- the ninth aspect of the present invention is a variable reactance means capable of changing a reactance value of V between the first reactance means and the second reactance means.
- the electric field communication transceiver according to the eighth aspect, comprising reactance control means for controlling the reactance value of the variable reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- both the first reactance means and the second reactance means are variable reactance means capable of changing their reactance values.
- An electric field communication transceiver comprising reactance control means for controlling the reactance values of the first reactance means and the second reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the provide.
- the reactance control means outputs an adjustment signal generating means for generating an adjustment signal used for adjusting the reactance value, and the adjustment signal generating means is output.
- Amplitude detection means for detecting the amplitude of the transmission voltage using the adjustment signal and a control signal for controlling the reactance value of the first variable reactance means based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detection means
- First control signal generating means a second control signal generating means for outputting a control signal for controlling the reactance value of the second variable reactance means based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detecting means
- the amplitude detecting means and the first control signal generating means are connected to control the reactance value of the second variable reactance means.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the transmission electrode and the ground of the transmission means, and the reactance control means is applied to the electric field transmission medium.
- the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means are controlled and adjusted so that the transmission voltage becomes maximum, and this is adjusted after the reactance value of the second variable reactance means is adjusted.
- the reactance value is changed slightly, and when the reactance value of the second variable reactance means is adjusted, the resistor connected in series with the second variable reactance means and the transmitting device, and the second variable reactance means When adjusting the reactance value, the connection between the resistor and the transmission means, and when adjusting the reactance value of the first variable reactance means, the transmission means and the first variable And connection of the reactance means comprises a connection between the ground resistor and transmitting means, and connection means for performing, and to provide a field communication transceiver with a tenth aspect of the.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the output of the transmission means and the ground of the transmission means, and the reactance control means is applied to the electric field transmission medium. Control and adjust the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means so that the transmitted voltage is maximized, and after adjusting the reactance values of the first variable reactance means, The reactance value is changed slightly to adjust the reactance value of the first variable reactance means. And a connecting means for connecting the second variable reactance means and the ground of the transmitting means at the time of adjusting the reactance value of the second variable reactance means.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to an aspect is provided.
- the capacitance changes in accordance with the inductor and the applied voltage.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to a tenth aspect is provided, comprising self-tuning variable reactance means having a resistor for application between the anode and the force sword.
- the first variable reactance means or the second variable reactance means other than the self-adjusting variable reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized by the reactance control means.
- the reactance value of the deviation is controlled.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the transmission / reception electrode and the ground of the transmission means, and the reactance control means is applied to the electric field transmission medium.
- the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means are controlled and adjusted so that the transmission voltage becomes maximum, and this reactance value is adjusted after the reactance value of the second variable reactance means is adjusted.
- the first connecting means connects the resistor and the transmitting means when adjusting the reactance value of the second variable reactance means, and the transmitting means when adjusting the reactance value of the first variable reactance means.
- the stage and the first variable reactance means are connected and the resistor and the ground of the transmission means are connected, while the first variable reactance is received during reception. Cutting the stage with transmission means, to provide a field communication transceiver according to the tenth aspect.
- the second variable reactance means is provided between the output of the transmission means and the ground of the transmission means, and is applied to the electric field transmission medium in the reactance control means.
- the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means are controlled and adjusted so that the transmission voltage is maximized, and this reactance value is adjusted after the reactance value of the first variable reactance means is adjusted. Change the value slightly to The connecting means disconnects the second variable reactance means and the ground of the transmitting means when adjusting the first variable reactance value, and on the other hand, adjusts the reactance value of the second variable reactance means.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to a tenth aspect is provided that connects the second variable reactance means and the ground of the transmission means.
- the input to the receiving means is connected to the first connecting means, and the first connecting means transmits a signal between the transmission / reception electrode and the input of the receiving means at the time of transmission.
- an electric field communication transceiver according to any one of the eighth to sixteenth aspects, which cuts a path and connects a signal path between a transmission / reception electrode and an input of a receiving means at the time of reception.
- the first aspect force can also prevent a decrease in the amplitude of the transmission voltage due to an increase in the stray capacitance between the transmission electrode and the living body due to the downsizing of the transceiver or the transmitter. It is possible to provide a transmitter and a transceiver that can prevent a decrease in voltage applied to a transmission medium and improve the quality of electric field communication.
- an eighteenth aspect of the present invention is an electric field communication transceiver that communicates information via an electric field induced in an electric field transmission medium, and is applied to an inductor that resonates with a transmission signal for communication.
- a potential difference is generated according to the direct current obtained by rectifying the transmission signal input to the resonance circuit with the variable capacitance diode, and a resonance circuit having a variable capacitance diode whose capacitance changes according to the voltage
- an electric field communication transceiver having a resistor for applying this potential difference between an anode of a variable capacitance diode and a force sword.
- the resonant circuit resonates between a stray capacitance between the ground of the electric field communication transceiver and the ground ground and a stray capacitance between the electric field transmission medium and the ground ground.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to 18 aspects is provided.
- the twentieth aspect of the present invention is the electric field communication transceiver according to the eighteenth or nineteenth aspect, wherein the resonant circuit is an inductor, a variable capacitance diode, and a resistor connected in parallel. Provide the ba.
- the resonant circuit includes an inductor connected in series to a circuit in which a variable capacitance diode and a resistor are connected in parallel.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to the state is provided.
- the inductor has a direct current applied to one or both of the terminals.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to any one of the eighteenth to twenty-first aspects is provided, wherein a capacitor for blocking the input is provided.
- variable reactance means capable of performing self-correction by omitting a reactance value correction circuit is realized, and thus the circuit scale is small and the power consumption is low.
- An electric field communication transceiver capable of good communication can be provided.
- an electric field based on information to be transmitted is induced in the electric field transmission medium, and information is transmitted using the induced electric field, while the electric field transmission medium is induced.
- An electric field communication transceiver that receives information by receiving an electric field based on information to be received, and changes the reactance value so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- a variable reactance means for controlling the resonant state of the stray capacitance between the transmitter ground and the ground ground and the stray capacitance between the electric field transmission medium and the ground ground, and a parallel resonant circuit in the variable reactance means to obtain the resonant state.
- a variable capacity variable variable connected in series to control the resonance state in the parallel resonant circuit. Comprising a quantity means.
- the variable capacitance means is two variable capacitance diodes having two poles of an anode and a force sword, the anode of one variable capacitance diode and the other
- a parallel resonant circuit consisting of an inductor and a variable capacitance diode, in which the power sword of the variable capacitance diode is connected in series via a capacitor, and the capacitor is short-circuited for a high-frequency signal related to information transmission
- the variable-capacitance diode is insulated by the capacitor and connected in parallel to the signal source of the low-frequency signal, and the capacitance of the variable-capacitance diode is variably controlled.
- variable capacitance means is connected in series with each other between the anodes of each other with respect to other variable capacitance means having the same configuration, without a capacitor.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to a twenty-fourth aspect is provided.
- variable capacitance diodes are connected in series.
- a connected electric field communication transceiver according to any of the twenty-fourth to twenty-fifth aspects is provided.
- an electric field based on information to be transmitted is induced in an electric field transmission medium, and information is transmitted using the electric field, while reception induced by the electric field transmission medium is received.
- AC signal output means for outputting an AC signal having a first frequency, and induction and reception of an electric field based on the information to be transmitted
- Transmitting and receiving electrodes for receiving information by detecting an electric field based on power information, stray capacitance between the transmitting and receiving electrodes and the ground, and impedance of the electric field transmission medium adjacent to the transmitting and receiving electrodes between the ground and the ground
- the first reactance means provided between the output of the AC signal output means and the transmission / reception electrode, the stray capacitance between the transmission / reception electrode and the ground, and the transmission / reception Since the impedance of the electric field transmission medium in the vicinity of the electrode and the earth ground resonates, the second signal provided between the output of the AC signal output means and the earth ground or between the transmitting / receiving electrode and the earth ground is used.
- reactance means a receiving means for detecting an electric field of an AC signal having a second frequency different from the first frequency, converting it to an electric signal, and demodulating the AC signal, and passing the AC signal having the first frequency
- a twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention is variable reactance means in which either one of the first reactance means and the second reactance means has a variable reactance value, and the electric field transmission medium
- An electric field communication transceiver according to a twenty-seventh aspect is provided, comprising reactance control means for controlling a reactance value of the variable reactance means so that a transmission voltage applied to the power supply is maximized.
- the twenty-ninth aspect of the present invention provides the first reactance means and the second reactance means. Both reactance values are both variable, and the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means are respectively used, and the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means are set so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to a twenty-seventh aspect is provided, comprising reactance control means for controlling the reactance value of each of the variable reactance means.
- the reactance control means is configured to control the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium for each reactance value of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means. After storing the amplitude and extracting the maximum value of the amplitude, the operation control storage unit for setting the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means, and the amplitude of the transmission voltage are detected.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to the twenty-eighth or twenty-ninth aspect, comprising: amplitude detection means.
- the reactance control means includes an adjustment signal generating means for adjusting the reactance values of the first variable reactance means and the second variable reactance means, Amplitude detection means for detecting the amplitude of the transmission voltage using the adjustment signal output from the adjustment signal generation means, and the reactance value of the first variable reactance means is controlled based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detection means First control signal generating means for outputting a signal to be output and second control for outputting a signal for controlling the reactance value of the second variable reactance means based on the amplitude detected by the amplitude detecting means When controlling the reactance values of the signal generating means and the first variable reactance means, connect at least the amplitude detecting means and the first control signal generating means, and connect the second When controlling the reactance value of the variable reactance means, at least the amplitude detecting means and the third connecting means for connecting the second control signal generating means are provided.
- An electric field communication transceiver is provided.
- an inductor and a variable capacitance diode whose capacitance changes according to an applied voltage, in either the first reactance means or the second reactance means.
- a resonance circuit for resonating with the stray capacitance, and a potential difference is generated according to a direct current obtained by rectifying the transmission signal input to the resonance circuit with a variable capacitance diode, and the potential difference is variable.
- the reactance control means controls the reactance value of the variable reactance means that is not the self-adjustable variable reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- a variable-capacitance diode in either the first reactance means or the second reactance means, a variable-capacitance diode whose capacitance changes in accordance with an inductor and an applied voltage.
- a potential difference is generated according to a direct current obtained by rectifying the transmission signal input to the resonance circuit with the variable capacitance diode and a resonance circuit for resonating with the stray capacitance with the variable capacitance diode.
- a self-adjusting variable reactance means having a resistor applied between the anode and the force sword, and the reactance control means not being the self-adjusting variable reactance means so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- An electric field communication transceiver according to any one of the twenty-ninth to thirty-first aspects is provided for controlling the reactance value of the variable reactance means.
- a thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention is an electric field communication system in which a second electric field communication transceiver is coupled to an electric field communication transceiver according to any of the twenty-seventh to thirty-second aspects.
- the second transceiver rectifies the AC signal of the first frequency transmitted from the transmission / reception electrode and the electric field communication transceiver for inducing the electric field based on the information to be transmitted and receiving the electric field based on the information to be received. Then, the rectified power storage means for generating, storing and outputting DC power, and the information to be transmitted with the AC signal of the second frequency different from the first frequency are modulated to generate and transmit the modulated signal.
- a first filter means for blocking an AC signal having a second frequency, and a second filter for blocking an AC signal having a first frequency by passing an AC signal having a second frequency And an electric field communication system.
- the AC signal output means of the electric field communication transceiver modulates the information to be transmitted with the AC signal of the first frequency to generate and transmit a modulated signal.
- the second electric field communication transceiver is configured to transmit information to be received.
- An electric field communication system according to a thirty-fourth aspect is provided, comprising receiving means for detecting an AC electric field having a second frequency, converting the electric field into an electric signal, and demodulating the electric field.
- an electric field capable of applying a large voltage to the portable terminal side transceiver from the installed terminal side transceiver and thereby transmitting electric power to the portable terminal side transceiver.
- a communication transceiver and an electric field communication system can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration of a conventional transceiver.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining an electric field communication transceiver using a variable reactance unit according to the prior art.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit according to a conventional technique.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the configuration of another conventional electric field communication transceiver.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an electric field communication system using the electric field communication transceiver shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a first basic configuration of a transmission unit of the electric field communication transceiver according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a second basic configuration of the transmission unit of the electric field communication transceiver according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram for explaining the electric field communication transceiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a reactance control unit of the electric field communication transceiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing one variation of the electric field communication transceiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining an electric field communication transceiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a reactance control unit of an electric field communication transceiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an equivalent circuit when adjusting the variable reactance X of the electric field communication transceiver according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an equivalent circuit when the variable reactance unit of the electric field communication transceiver according to the second embodiment of the present invention adjusts the variable reactance X.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing one modification of the electric field communication transceiver according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram for explaining an electric field communication transceiver of the electric field communication transceiver according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram for explaining a self-adjusting variable reactance unit of an electric field communication transceiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is graphs (a) to (b) for explaining the operation of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit of the electric field communication transceiver according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a reactance control unit of an electric field communication transceiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram for explaining an example of a self-adjusting variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a transmission state in a self-adjusting variable reactance applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is graphs (a) to (d) for explaining the operation of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram for explaining another example of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of an electric field communication transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a variable reactance.
- FIG. 26 is an equivalent circuit for the high-frequency AC signal of the variable reactance unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 27 is an equivalent circuit for the low-frequency AC signal of the variable reactance unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic configuration of an electric field communication transceiver and an electric field communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing an electric field communication transceiver and an electric field communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram of a reactance control unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver and the electric field communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a graph for explaining a reactance control operation in the electric field communication transceiver and the electric field communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing an electric field communication transceiver and an electric field communication system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is a block diagram of a second configuration of the reactance control unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver and the electric field communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing an electric field communication transceiver and an electric field communication system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a block diagram for explaining a variable-reactance unit of the electric field communication transceiver and electric field communication system shown in FIG. 38.
- FIG. 40 is graphs (a) to (d) for explaining the operation of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit shown in FIG. 39.
- FIG. 41 is a block diagram of another reactance control unit applied to the electric field communication transceiver and the electric field communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing a transmitter according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing a transmitter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a transmitter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an electric field communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a circuit model of a transmission unit and a living body in order to explain the basic configuration of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the mobile terminal 10, the transceiver 15, the IZO circuit 40, and the wearable computer 30.
- the mobile terminal 10 is in contact with a living body 20 such as a human body via a transmission electrode 8 through an insulator 9.
- a living body 20 such as a human body
- the ground ground 14 such as the floor or the ground surface
- the transceiver 15 included in the mobile terminal 10 includes a transmission circuit 3, an oscillator 4 included in the transmission circuit 3, and a modulation circuit 5.
- the transmission output of the transmission circuit 3 is transmitted via the transmission electrode 8. Sent to organism 20.
- the transmission circuit 3 has a transmission resistor R 7 therein.
- the voltage applied to the living body 20 using the resonance phenomenon using two reactances (resonance phenomenon caused by reactance X 2 and reactance X 1 in FIG. 6).
- the reactance values of the reactance X 2 and the reactance X 1 in FIG. 6 are respectively X, X, and g P g P.
- the admittance (Y) in the left part of the broken line shown in Fig. 6 is expressed by the following equation. It is.
- V V / ⁇ 1+ (C / C) - ⁇ [ ⁇ [C + C (1 + C / C)] — (1 + C / C) / X]
- b I is the maximum and its value is
- FIG. 7 shows the case where reactance X 1 is connected between the transmission output of transmission circuit 3 and circuit ground 6
- V V / ⁇ 1+ (C / C) — coX [C + C (1 + C / C)] (8)
- a signal having a large amplitude can be applied to the living body 20.
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the transceiver 15 according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- This figure 8 shows a transceiver 15 indicated by a broken line and an IZ connected to the transceiver.
- An O circuit 40, an insulator 9 for contacting a living body 20 (not shown) referred to in FIG. 6, and a transmission / reception electrode 8 disposed under the insulator 9 are shown.
- the transceiver 15 includes a receiver 23, a transmitter 16, a switch 17, and a switch 18.
- variable reactance unit X 19 the variable reactance unit X 21, and the reactance control unit 22 are g P
- One end of switch 18 is connected to circuit ground 29.
- the transceiver 15 having such a configuration is compatible with half-duplex transmission, and the switch 17 and the switch 18 are turned on in the transmission state and turned off in the reception state.
- a reactance control unit 22 for controlling the variable reactance X19 and the reactance g21 in order to maintain the resonance state corresponding to the floating stray capacitance is provided.
- FIG. 9 shows an internal block diagram of the reactance control unit 22.
- the reactance control unit 22 shown in FIG. 9 includes therein an adjustment signal generation unit 24 for generating an adjustment signal, a high input impedance amplitude monitor unit 25 for monitoring the amplitude of the input signal, High input impedance amplitude monitor 25 Switch 26 that switches output from control 25, Control signal generator 27 that outputs control signal to variable reactance X21 controlled by adjustment signal
- control signal generator 28 for outputting a control signal to the variable reactance unit X 19 g
- the reactances of the reactance X 19 and the reactance X 21 are interchanged g P
- the method of adjusting by changing each other is taken. First, the control signal of the control signal generator 27 is kept constant, the reactance X21 is kept constant, and a3 and b3 of switch 26 are connected, see Fig. 6.
- the input impedance of the high input impedance amplitude monitor unit 25 is increased.
- the high input impedance amplitude monitor unit 25 also adjusts the reactor IV when a small change is made
- a signal based on the change in b I is output to the control signal generation unit 27, and the control signal generation unit 27 also determines and outputs the next control signal.
- switch 26 is switched to the connection between a3 and c3 to fix reactance X19, and reactance X21 is adjusted so that
- a signal for controlling the operation of the switch 26 at the time of the adjustment and the control signal generators 27 and 28 and the operation of the high input impedance amplitude monitor unit 25 is also generated by the adjustment signal generator 24.
- variable reactance part X is connected between the transmission / reception electrode and the circuit ground.
- variable reactance unit X is connected to the transmitter circuit output and circuit.
- a transmitter that performs only transmission has a configuration in which the receiver 23, the switch 17, and the switch 18 are omitted from the transceiver 15, as shown in FIG. 42 (transmitter 150).
- FIG. 10 shows one modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmission unit 16 and the reception unit 23 are isolated by the switch 31 in order to prevent the transmission signal from leaking to the reception unit 23 via the transmission / reception electrode 8. .
- al and bl of switch 31 are connected, and al and cl are connected when receiving.
- variable reactance (reactance X 19 and reactance X g P) At the time of reception, variable reactance (reactance X 19 and reactance X g P
- the control signal output from the reactance control unit 22 is input to the reactance X 19 and the reactance X 21 respectively.
- the electronic circuit can be protected even when the transmission signal becomes larger than the withstand voltage of the electronic circuit in the input stage of the receiving unit 23 due to resonance. Therefore, in this configuration, an electric field detector having a low withstand voltage can be used for the input stage of the receiving unit 23.
- FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a transceiver according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- This tiger In the receiver each variable reactance is adjusted one by one in sequence.
- a switch 32, a switch 18, and a resistor 33 are provided as load resistors.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining the internal configuration of the reactance control unit 22.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 12 is the same as the configuration already shown in FIG. 9, and is different in that a state switching signal is output from the adjustment signal generator 24.
- FIG. 13 refers to an equivalent circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- This equivalent circuit includes a signal source V 35, a resistor R 36, a resistor R 37, a reactance X 38, a ss dv p stray capacitance C 39 between the transmission electrode and the ground, a transmission / reception electrode 44, and a living body.
- Capacitance C42 is shown.
- the reactance X38 becomes a value represented by the following equation.
- variable reactance part X 19 is adjusted, and the variable reactance part X 21 is changed to g P in equation (6).
- Figure 14 shows an equivalent circuit in which al and cl and a2 and c2 of switch 1 are connected. X >> X
- V V / ⁇ 1+ (C / C) - ⁇ ⁇ [C + C (1 + C / C)]-(l + C / C) / (X + X) ⁇
- variable reactance part X19 is adjusted in this way, the variable reactance part X21 is minutely adjusted.
- the transmitter that performs only transmission has a configuration in which the receiving unit 23 and the switch 18 are omitted from the transceiver 15 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- variable reactance part X 21 is connected between the transmission / reception electrode 8 and the circuit ground 29.
- variable reactance part X 21 is connected to the transmission circuit output from the transmission part 16 and the circuit ground 29.
- the resistor 33 that is a load resistance is not necessary.
- switch 17 is turned on to adjust variable reactance section X 19 and switch 1
- variable reactance part X 19 becomes a value represented by the following equation.
- the reactance value is set to X + X by slightly changing the variable reactance unit X 19. This
- switch 18 is turned on so that the voltage applied to transmitter / receiver electrode 8 can be maximized.
- the reactance part X21 By adjusting the reactance part X21, a large amplitude can be obtained as in the case of Fig. 11.
- a transmitter that performs only transmission has a configuration in which the receiving unit 23 and the switch 17 are omitted.
- the input of the receiving unit 23 is connected to the switch 17 in the same way as the modification of the first embodiment referred to in FIG. And the receiver 23 can be isolated.
- FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of the transceiver 15 according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the reactance value can be adjusted without the need for a control unit in place of the variable reactance unit X 21 in the first and second embodiments.
- a self-adjustable variable reactance unit 52 is applied.
- FIG. 17 shows a specific configuration of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 52. Capacitances 53 and 55 are used to block the DC component, and can be regarded as a short circuit for AC signals.
- Fig. 18 (a) shows the relationship of the DC component ID of the current generated when an AC voltage of amplitude I VAC I is applied to the variable capacitance diode 56. When the reverse bias voltage VDC is generated across the variable capacitance diode 56, the period during which the variable capacitance diode 56 is short-circuited is shortened, so the ID becomes smaller for the same VAC.
- Figure 18 (b) shows the potential difference (equivalent to VDC) caused by ID flowing through resistor 57
- Figure 18 (c) shows the voltage VDC dependence of capacitance C of variable capacitance diode 56.
- Figure 18 (d) shows the amplitude of V I V
- variable capacitance diode 56 When an AC signal is input, it is rectified by the variable capacitance diode 56 to generate a DC current ID (point 1 in FIG. 18 (a)). This creates a DC voltage VDC by flowing through resistor 57, and the same potential difference is also applied to the variable capacitance diode. As a result, the capacitance C decreases (point 1 in Fig. 18 (c)) and approaches the capacitance value causing resonance, and IVI increases. [0105] Since I VAC I is proportional to I v I, I VAC I increases the force VDC increases.
- FIG. 19 shows a block diagram of the reactance control unit 51.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 19 is common to the basic configuration and the configuration of the reactance control unit already referred to in FIG.
- a high input impedance amplitude monitor unit 62 is provided to monitor the input signal, and the control signal generation unit 63 generates a control signal. Also, since there is only one variable reactance unit 50 controlled by the reactance control unit 51, only one control signal generation unit 63 is required. With the above configuration, it is possible to realize a transceiver that can maintain a good communication state by efficiently applying voltage to a living body even if the transceiver is downsized.
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 52 is connected between the transmission / reception electrode 8 and the circuit ground 29, and the variable reactance unit 50 is connected between the transmission circuit output from the transmission unit 16 and the transmission / reception electrode 8.
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 52 is connected between the transmission circuit output from the transmission unit 16 and the transmission / reception electrode 8
- the variable reactance unit 50 is connected between the transmission circuit output from the transmission unit 16 and the circuit ground 29.
- the same effect is obtained.
- the input of receiving unit 23 is connected to switch 31 shown in FIG. A configuration in which the transmission unit and the reception unit are isolated may be employed.
- the transmitter that performs only transmission omits the receiving unit 23, the switch 17, and the switch 18 from the transceiver 15 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. It has a configuration.
- the amplitude of the transmission voltage due to the increase in the stray capacitance between the transmission electrode and the living body accompanying the downsizing of the transceiver or the transmitter It is possible to provide a transmitter and a transceiver that can prevent a decrease in voltage, prevent a decrease in voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium, and improve the quality of electric field communication.
- FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201.
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 is a force that can be used in place of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 52 of the transceiver 15 according to the above-described third embodiment. It can also be applied to.
- a self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 includes an AC signal terminal 210 to which a high-frequency AC signal is applied, an AC signal terminal 211, and a capacitor 202 for providing a capacitance such as a capacitor. 206, a resistor 205, and a variable capacitance diode 204 are shown.
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 having such a configuration forms a resonance circuit composed of an inductor 203 and a variable capacitance diode 204 as a portion that causes resonance.
- the two capacitors 202 and 206 are arranged to block the input DC component, while the input AC signal can be regarded as an electrical short circuit.
- the voltage applied to the variable capacitance diode 204 and the direct current component of the flowing current are VDC and ID, respectively.
- the voltage VDC of the variable capacitance diode 204 is positive in the reverse bias direction.
- FIG. 21 illustrates an electric field communication transceiver 200 having a configuration different from that of the transceiver 15 according to the third embodiment, to which the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 illustrated in FIG. 20 is applied, and a transmission state thereof. An explanatory diagram is shown.
- the reactance unit 201 is inserted between the transmission circuit output 216 and the living body 215 which is an electric field transmission medium to induce an electric field.
- the AC component of the potential difference between the living body 215 and the ground is V 222
- the AC component of the potential difference of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 is VAC b
- the transmission circuit output 216 has an oscillator 23 therein, and the voltage of a signal generated in the oscillator 23 is VS.
- R 24 is shown as the internal resistance of the transmission circuit output 216.
- the communication circuit output 216 is connected to the transmitter ground 218 and is connected to the transmitter ground 218. Then, VS is output from oscillator 23.
- the transmitter ground 218 is coupled to the ground ground 220 via a stray capacitance C 219 between the transmitter ground and the ground ground.
- variable reactance 1 is a stray capacitance “stray capacitance C 219 between the transmitter ground and the ground ground” and “biological body and ground dull g
- the resonant state is controlled by changing the reactance value for stray capacitance C 221 between
- FIG. 22 (a) shows the relationship with the DC component ID of the current generated when an AC voltage having an amplitude
- Fig. 22 (b) is a graph of the potential difference (equivalent to VDC) caused by ID flowing through resistor 205, and Fig. 22 (c) shows the voltage VDC dependency of capacitance C of variable capacitance diode. . Also
- Figure 22 (d) shows the C dependence of the amplitude I V I of V.
- the points in the graph are variable reactances b b v
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 is configured as shown in Fig. 20, so that the complete resonance state is not achieved, but the reactance value is brought to the vicinity of the complete resonance state. You can get closer.
- an electric field communication transceiver capable of self-correcting the reactance value without using correction means such as an amplitude monitor unit and a control signal generation unit used in the conventional electric field communication transceiver.
- FIG. 23 shows another configuration of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201.
- an inductor 203 that causes resonance of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 201 and a variable capacitance diode 204 are connected in series.
- Capacitors 202 and 206 are used to block the DC component, and can be regarded as a short circuit for AC signals.
- the configurations of the first and second embodiments of the present invention described above are used for communication in an electric field communication transceiver that communicates information via an electric field induced in an electric field transmission medium. Obtained by rectifying a resonant circuit with an inductor to resonate with the transmission signal, a variable capacitance diode whose capacitance changes according to the applied voltage, and the transmission signal input to the resonance circuit with the variable capacitance diode. A resistor that generates a potential difference according to the direct current applied and applies the potential difference between the anode of the variable capacitance diode and the force sword.
- the resonance circuit resonates between the stray capacitance between the ground of the electric field communication transceiver and the ground and the stray capacitance between the electric field transmission medium and the ground.
- an inductor, a variable capacitance diode, and a resistor are connected in parallel.
- an inductor is connected in series to a circuit in which a variable capacitance diode and a resistor are connected in parallel.
- the inductor is a coil for blocking direct current input to one or both of the terminals. It is arranged.
- the self-adjusting variable reactance unit according to the present invention described above realizes a variable reactance means that enables self-correction by omitting the reactance value correction circuit, and the circuit scale is small.
- An electric field communication transceiver capable of low power consumption and good communication can be provided.
- FIG. 24 is a configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of the variable reactance according to the first embodiment of the electric field communication transceiver of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 shows a variable reactance unit 301, AC signal terminals 302 and 304 for connecting the variable reactance unit 301 to the outside, and a control signal input 303.
- variable reactance unit 301 includes capacitors 306, 310, and 314, an inductor 315, resistors 7, 9, 11, and 13, a noffer amplifier 305, and variable capacitor diodes 308 and 312. is doing.
- variable reactance unit 301 is applied to the electric field communication transceiver 335 referred to in FIG.
- the configuration of the electric field communication transceiver 335 is to perform data communication between an insulator 322 that comes into contact with a living body 320 such as a human body, a transmission / reception electrode 323 provided in accordance with the insulator 322, and an external information processing device (not shown). And an IZO circuit 21 for performing.
- the electric field communication transceiver 335 includes a transmission circuit 324, an oscillator 326 and a modulation circuit 325 that constitute the transmission circuit 324, a switch 327, a variable reactance unit 301 that is referred to in FIG. 24, and an electric field detection.
- An optical unit 328, a signal processing unit 329, a switch 330, a demodulation circuit 331, a waveform shaping unit 332, an amplitude monitor unit 333, and a control signal generation unit 334 are provided.
- variable reactance unit 301 When the variable reactance unit 301 is applied to the electric field communication transceiver 335 having such a configuration, the AC signal terminals 302 and 304 shown in FIG. Further, a control signal for controlling the reactance value is input from the control signal generator 334 to the control signal input 303. The transmission signal from the transmission circuit 324 is input to the AC signal terminal 302 via the switch 327, and the output signal of the AC signal terminal 4 is transmitted. Connected to receiving electrode 323.
- the capacitors 306, 310, and 314 in the variable reactance unit 301 are connected to cut off at least a control signal that is a signal having a frequency lower than that of the AC signal.
- the resistors 7, 9, 11, and 13 are connected to prevent an AC signal having a high frequency from leaking to the control signal side.
- the buffer amplifier 305 of the control signal input 303 is connected in order to prevent the variable reactance unit 301 from being affected by the circuit elements included in the control signal generation unit 334 connected to the preceding stage and changing the characteristics.
- a variable reactance is realized by a resonance circuit composed of a combination of an inductor 315 and variable capacitance diodes 308 and 312.
- FIGS. 26 and 27 show an equivalent circuit of the variable reactance unit 301 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 shows an equivalent circuit with an AC signal having a high frequency
- FIG. 27 shows an equivalent circuit with a control signal having a low frequency.
- the capacitors 306, 310, and 314 included in the variable reactance unit 301 referred to in FIG. 24 can be regarded as a short circuit.
- the variable capacitance diodes 308 and 312 are equivalent to the configuration in which the capacitance 10 can be regarded as a short circuit, and thus the voltage of the AC signal is equally divided into the variable capacitance diodes 308 and 31 2, respectively. Applied.
- the inductor 340 is equivalent to the inductor 315 of FIG. 24
- the variable capacitance diode 341 is equivalent to the variable capacitance diode 308 of FIG. 24
- the variable capacitance diode 342 is the variable capacitance of FIG. Equivalent to diode 312.
- the AC signal terminals 900 and 901 are equivalent to the AC signal terminals 302 and 304, respectively.
- the voltage VAC When the voltage VAC is applied to the inductor 340, the voltage VAC is also applied to the two variable capacitance diodes 341 and 342 connected in parallel to the inductor 340. Since the two variable capacitance diodes 341 and 342 are connected in series, the voltage applied to each variable capacitance diode is VAC / 2. However, the variable capacitance diodes 341 and 342 both have the same electrical characteristics. [0144] For this reason, in the first embodiment, the force using two variable capacitance diodes may be used as two or more variable capacitance diodes. If N variable capacitance diodes are used, the voltage VAC of the AC signal applied to each variable capacitance diode will be VACZN, and resonance suppression is less likely to occur than when two variable capacitance diodes are used. Can do.
- the equivalent circuit referred to in FIG. 27 is an equivalent circuit for the low-frequency control signal of the variable reactance unit 301 referred to in FIG.
- the capacitors 306, 310, and 314 provided in the variable reactance unit 301 can be regarded as being in an electrically open state, so that the variable capacitors diodes 308 and 312 are viewed in parallel as viewed from the buffer amplifier 305. Equivalent to being connected.
- the buffer amplifier 343 is equivalent to the buffer amplifier 305 in FIG. 24, and the variable capacitance diodes 345 and 346 are equivalent to the variable capacitance diodes 308 and 312 respectively.
- Resistors 347, 348, 349, and 350 ⁇ are equivalent to resistors 7, 9, 11, and 13, respectively, and control signal input 902 is equivalent to control signal input 303.
- the voltage V (344) of the control signal output from the amplifier 343 is the variable capacitance diode 345, 34.
- variable reactance unit when configured as shown in FIG. 28, for example, as compared with the variable reactance unit 301 in the first embodiment of the present invention, not only the AC signal but also the control is performed. The signal is also divided and applied in equal parts. For this reason, if two variable capacitance diodes are used, the control signal applied to each variable capacitance diode will be 1Z2, so the variable range of the capacitance will be halved compared to the configuration of the variable reactance unit 301.
- the high-frequency signal applied to the AC signal terminals 903 and 905 flows by short-circuiting the capacitors 355 and 360, and a voltage of, for example, VAC is applied to the inductor 315. Since the variable capacitance diodes 358 and 359 are simply connected in series, the voltage VAC applied to the inductor 315 is divided equally and the voltage VACZ2 is applied to each.
- the control signal V for variably controlling the capacitances of the variable capacitance diodes 358 and 359 input from the control signal input 905 is supplied to the resistors 356 and 357 via the buffer amplifier 361.
- the variable capacitance diodes 358 and 359 are marked.
- the control signals applied to the variable capacitance diodes 358 and 359 are V Z2 respectively.
- variable reactance unit 301 in the variable reactance unit 301 according to the first embodiment, the suppression of resonance due to the applied voltage becoming larger than the withstand voltage is prevented, and the capacitance variable range of the variable capacitance diode is reduced.
- the circuit configuration is not allowed.
- FIG. 29 is a configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of the variable reactance unit according to the second embodiment of the electric field communication transceiver of the present invention.
- variable reactance unit 301 referred to in Fig. 29 includes AC signal terminals 906, 907 and a control signal input 908, and therefore the first embodiment of the present invention already shown in Fig. 24 is provided.
- the configuration is the same as that of the variable reactance unit 301 according to the embodiment.
- Intense force S et al. Inner capacity, capacity 365, 369, 372, 374, resistance 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, reactance 366, and nota amplifier 367 , Variable capacity die 368, 370, 371, 373, and has the characteristic power ⁇ .
- variable capacitance diode In general, the current-voltage characteristics of a variable capacitance diode are asymmetric, and the variable capacitance diode is short-circuited when the anode potential is larger than a predetermined value determined by the characteristics of the semiconductor. Therefore, the amplitude of the AC signal is suppressed. Will be.
- a variable capacitance diode is connected in series and in the opposite direction to the high-frequency AC signal. With this configuration, even if a voltage exceeding the withstand voltage is applied to one of the variable capacitance diodes, and the short-circuited variable capacitance diode is not short-circuited, the amplitude of the AC signal is suppressed. Absent.
- variable capacitance diodes 368 and 370 and the variable capacitance diodes 371 and 373 and the force S are connected in series with each other in the reverse direction, so that a voltage exceeding the withstand voltage is applied to one of the variable capacitance diodes. Even if it is done, the suppression of the amplitude of the AC signal due to the short circuit does not occur.
- FIG. 30 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- an inductor 203 and variable capacitance diodes 523 and 524 are connected in series to form a variable reactance unit 301.
- Capacitance 226 has an AC signal as the control signal Connected to prevent leakage to terminals.
- resistors 220 and 222 are connected to prevent high frequency signals from leaking to the control signal side.
- the potential of the power sword of the variable capacitance diode 523 becomes a negative for a low frequency signal, and the anode of the variable capacitance diode 524 and the circuit ground 218 do not short for a high frequency signal.
- a resistor 221 is connected between the variable capacitance diode 523 and the capacitance 225. Also in this connection, the voltage of the AC signal is divided and applied to the variable capacitance diodes 523 and 524, and the voltage of the control signal is applied without being divided to the variable capacitance diodes 523 and 524.
- the circuit configuration prevents the suppression of resonance due to the AC signal becoming greater than the withstand voltage, and does not reduce the variable capacitance range of the variable capacitance diodes 523 and 524.
- FIG. 31 is a configuration diagram for explaining a variable reactance unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the fourth embodiment is a combination of the second and third embodiments of the present invention described above.
- variable capacitance diodes 505 to 508 are connected in series to form a variable reactance, and the variable capacitance diodes 505 to 508 are referred to in FIG. 31 for a high-frequency AC signal. Connect in series and reverse. Even if one of them is short-circuited by this configuration, the variable capacitance diode in the reverse direction is not short-circuited, so the amplitude of the AC signal is not suppressed.
- an electric field based on information to be transmitted is induced in the electric field transmission medium, and information is transmitted using the induced electric field, while electric field transmission is performed.
- An electric field communication transceiver that receives information by receiving an electric field based on information to be received induced in the medium. The reactance value is changed so that the transmission voltage applied to the electric field transmission medium is maximized.
- Variable reactance means for controlling the resonant state between the stray capacitance between the transmitter ground and the ground ground for transmission and the stray capacitance between the electric field transmission medium and the ground ground, and variable to obtain the resonant state.
- An inductor that forms a parallel resonant circuit in the reactance means, and a parallel resonant circuit connected in parallel with the inductor And a variable capacity means of variable capacity connected in series in order to control the resonance state of the.
- the variable capacitance means is two variable capacitance diodes having two poles, an anode and a force sword.
- the variable capacitance means includes an anode of one variable capacitance diode and a force sword of the other variable capacitance diode. It is connected in series via a capacitor, and for a high-frequency signal related to information transmission, the capacitor is short-circuited and operates as a parallel resonant circuit composed of an inductor and a variable capacitance diode.
- the variable capacitance diode is insulated by the capacitor and connected in parallel to the signal source of the low frequency signal, and the capacitance of the variable capacitance diode is variably controlled.
- variable capacitance means is connected in series with other variable capacitance means having the same configuration without interposing a capacitor between them.
- variable capacitance diodes are connected in series.
- FIG. 32 shows a principle diagram of a power transmission system using electric field communication.
- An AC signal is applied to the living body (electric field transmission medium) 401 from the installation terminal side transceiver 403 installed on the ground ground 404, and the AC signal is converted into DC power by the mobile terminal side transceiver 402 that contacts the living body 401. Then, power is transmitted to a circuit (not shown) in the transceiver 402 on the portable terminal side.
- the rectifier that converts AC signals into DC power and the transmitter / receiver are collectively represented by input impedance Z410.
- the voltage applied to Z 410 is small. This system is connected to the installation side Transino 03.
- the signal strength is increased by sg b.
- FIG. 33 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 shows a portable terminal side transceiver 402, a living body 401 that is an electric field transmission medium, an installation terminal side transceiver 403, and a computer 427.
- the installed terminal side transceiver 403 has a variable reactance unit X 420 and a reactance control unit g b for controlling the variable reactance unit X 421 in order to maintain a resonance state with respect to the floating stray capacitance.
- the transmission signal from the installation terminal side transceiver 03 uses a frequency different from that of the transmission signal from the mobile terminal side transceiver 402.
- Filter A425 and Filter B426 are installed to discriminate these at each transceiver.
- Filter A425 has a configuration in which the impedance is lowered at frequency ⁇ and the impedance is increased at frequency f2, in order to pass the signal of frequency f1 and block the signal of frequency f2.
- the filter B426 has a configuration in which the frequency f2 impedance is lowered and the impedance is increased at the frequency fl in order to block the signal of the frequency fl and pass the signal of the frequency f2.
- the signal applied to living body 401 from installed terminal side transceiver 403 is input to rectifying and power storage unit 430 through filter A 428 in portable terminal side transceiver 402.
- the input AC voltage is converted to DC and stored, and distributed as DC power to each block (not shown) in the mobile terminal side transceiver 402.
- the terminal control / data storage unit 432 outputs the data to the transmission unit.
- the input data is modulated at the frequency f2, and is marked on the body 401 through the filter B429.
- This signal is demodulated by the receiving unit 424 after passing through the filter B426 by the installed terminal side transino 402, and the data is input to the computer 427.
- the above is the data flow in the entire system.
- Fig. 34 shows a block diagram of the reactance control unit 422, and Fig. 35 shows the applied voltage amplitude
- the reactance control unit 422 performs an operation of finding the maximum value.
- X is a parameter
- the voltage amplitude V at this time is detected by the amplitude monitor and calculated, controlled, and stored in the memory g b
- a high input impedance bandpass filter 436 having a high input impedance is used at the input stage of the reactance control unit 422.
- the maximum value of V is searched for in the computation 'control' storage unit 435,
- a receiving unit 433 is provided in the portable terminal side transceiver 402, and a transmitting unit 434 that modulates data is provided in the installed terminal side transceiver 403 instead of the AC signal source 423.
- an electric field communication system 411 capable of full-duplex bidirectional communication between both transinos 02 and 403 can be configured.
- a variable reactance (not shown) is inserted into the output of the transmitter 431 of the mobile terminal side transceiver 402 to resonate with the stray capacitance, thereby increasing the signal applied from the mobile terminal side transceiver 402 to the living body 401. It is a spear.
- FIG. 36 shows one modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- variable reactance part X 421 is inserted between the transmitting / receiving electrode 418 and the ground.
- the voltage applied to the living body 401 can be increased, and as a result, electric power can be transmitted to the mobile terminal side transceiver 402 carried by the living body 401. If an electric field communication system using a combination of the portable terminal side transceiver 402 and the installation terminal side transceiver 403 having such a configuration is used, a highly convenient communication system can be realized.
- FIG. 37 shows the configuration of reactance control section 422 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the reactance control unit 422 alternately adjusts the reactance values of the variable reactance unit X 421 and the variable reactance control unit X 420 to adjust the bg.
- the method of adjusting is taken.
- the reactance value of the variable reactance section X 421 is made constant, and is referred to in FIG.
- the contact point a of the switch 441 is connected to the contact point c, and the input signal is input to the control signal generation unit A442 via the amplitude monitor unit 437.
- the control signal generated by the control signal generator A 442 is input to the variable reactance unit X 420 and the reactance g
- both the control signal generation unit A442 and the control signal generation unit B443 receive control signals for holding the reactance values when the adjustment signal from the adjustment signal generation unit 440 is not input to the variable reactance control unit X420.
- variable reactor g variable reactor g
- FIG. 38 is a configuration diagram for explaining the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a self-adjusting variable reactance unit 445 that can adjust its own reactance value without using the reactance control unit 422 is used.
- Figure 39 shows the specific configuration of the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 445.
- Capacitance 446 and capacitance 450 are used to block the DC component, and can be regarded as a short circuit for AC signals.
- Figures 40 (a) to 40 (d) are diagrams for explaining the operation of the configuration shown in FIG. Fig 40
- (a) shows the result when an amplitude I VAC
- Fig. 40 (b) is a graph of the potential difference (equivalent to VDC) caused by the ID flowing through the resistor, and Fig. 40 (c) shows the voltage VDC dependence of the capacitance C of the variable capacitance diode.
- Figure 40 (d) shows the C dependence of the amplitude I V I of V.
- the points in the graph are AC signals with variable reactance b b v
- variable reactance controlled by the reactance control unit can be reduced to one, and the adjustment complexity is reduced.
- FIG. 41 is a block diagram of the reactance control unit 422 applied to the sixth embodiment.
- the reactance that needs to be controlled by the reactance control unit 422 is a variable reactance unit 4
- the same effect is obtained even if the self-adjusting variable reactance unit 445 and the variable reactance unit 452 are replaced with each other. Is obtained.
- the transmitter, the electric field communication transceiver, and the electric field communication system according to the present invention are configured integrally with a computer and can be used in, for example, a wearable computer system that can be worn on a human body.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/591,389 US7583930B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-12-01 | Transmission device, electric field communication transceiver, and electric field communication system |
CN2005800100742A CN1938971B (zh) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-12-01 | 发送器以及电场通信收发器 |
EP05811434.9A EP1819073B1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-12-01 | Transmitter, field communication transceiver, and field communication system |
JP2006548004A JP4478160B2 (ja) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-12-01 | 送信器、電界通信トランシーバおよび電界通信システム |
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JP2004-350264 | 2004-12-02 | ||
JP2004350264 | 2004-12-02 | ||
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JP2004-350267 | 2004-12-02 | ||
JP2004-369722 | 2004-12-21 | ||
JP2004369722 | 2004-12-21 | ||
JP2005015742 | 2005-01-24 | ||
JP2005-015742 | 2005-01-24 |
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WO2006059684A1 true WO2006059684A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
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PCT/JP2005/022085 WO2006059684A1 (ja) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-12-01 | 送信器、電界通信トランシーバおよび電界通信システム |
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US (1) | US7583930B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1819073B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4478160B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100831718B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1938971B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006059684A1 (ja) |
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KR100831718B1 (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
EP1819073A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
CN1938971A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
JPWO2006059684A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
CN102664686A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
US20070184788A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1819073B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
JP4478160B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
KR20070048646A (ko) | 2007-05-09 |
CN102664686B (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
CN1938971B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP1819073A4 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
US7583930B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
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