WO2006059648A1 - 電子透かし埋め込み装置及び検出装置並びに方法及び記録媒体 - Google Patents
電子透かし埋め込み装置及び検出装置並びに方法及び記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006059648A1 WO2006059648A1 PCT/JP2005/021999 JP2005021999W WO2006059648A1 WO 2006059648 A1 WO2006059648 A1 WO 2006059648A1 JP 2005021999 W JP2005021999 W JP 2005021999W WO 2006059648 A1 WO2006059648 A1 WO 2006059648A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0051—Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0061—Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0065—Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
Definitions
- Digital watermark embedding device detection device, method, and recording medium
- the present invention relates to a digital watermark embedding device and a detection device, a method, and a recording medium, and more specifically, an electronic permeability embedding device and a detection device that improve the detection rate of electronic permeability.
- the present invention relates to a method and a recording medium.
- Digital watermark is being studied as one of the solutions for copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technology that secretly embeds information related to copyrights, etc. in content that cannot be perceived by humans.
- the digital watermark is required to have resistance to various processes as described above.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a conventional digital watermark embedding and detection technique described in Patent Document 1.
- a conventional digital watermark embedding apparatus embeds embedded data in an original image according to the following Equation 1.
- Equation 1 (x, y) indicates the coordinates of the pixel, and i (x, y) indicates the original image s at the coordinates (x, y).
- p (x, y) indicates the pattern to be added to the original image at coordinates (x, y) to embed the information
- i (x, y) indicates the coordinates (x, y) Represents the pixel value of the watermarked image in which information is embedded.
- An embedded image in which embedded information is embedded in an original image may be subjected to enlargement or reduction processing as described above.
- a processing target image an image on which a conventional digital watermark detection apparatus executes detection of a digital watermark.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus before detecting the digital watermark included in the processing target image, the digital watermark detection apparatus first obtains the enlargement ratio or reduction ratio of the processing target image by the autocorrelation defined by Equation 3. Next, the digital watermark detection apparatus restores the embedded image by enlarging or reducing the processing target image based on the obtained enlargement ratio or reduction ratio, and detects the information through the restoration.
- V y ⁇ JC y where p ′ (x, y) represents an embedded pattern component extracted from the detected image i ′ (x, y).
- the autocorrelation Co is a pi at 0 that satisfies the following equation 4.
- FIG. 27A is a schematic diagram showing a conventional enlargement / reduction process, and shows a case where autocorrelation does not peak because 0 does not satisfy Equation 4
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an enlargement / reduction process of FIG. 6 and shows a case where autocorrelation peaks because 0 satisfies Equation 4.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-111994.
- Some contents in which a digital watermark is embedded are not only used as digital data but also printed on paper, such as images. Also, not only enlargement / reduction processing but also clipping may be applied to the image data. Therefore, it is desirable that the information embedded as electronic permeability can be detected from image data printed on paper, image data optically converted to digital data, and image data subjected to clipping. It is.
- the position where the electronic transparency is embedded is the first electronic image in the original image.
- the watermark is displaced from the embedded position. Therefore, there is a problem that the information embedded in these images as electronic transparency cannot be detected correctly only by applying the conventional technology corresponding to the enlargement / reduction processing. It was.
- the present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems. From the image data obtained by optically converting the printed image or the image data subjected to clipping, a digital watermark is provided.
- Electronic watermark embedding device and detection device, electronic watermark embedding method and detection method, electronic watermark embedding and detection program in which electronic watermark embedding and detection programs are recorded The purpose is to provide a medium. Means for solving the problem
- a first aspect of the present invention is directed to an electronic permeability embedding device for embedding information constituted by at least one data element in digital data as an electronic permeability.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus includes a block dividing unit that divides digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size, and m pieces (where m is A block selection unit that selects a block of an integer greater than or equal to 2 and a single data element embedded in the selected m blocks.
- An additional pattern setting unit that sets a combination of the additional patterns; and an additional pattern superimposing unit that superimposes each of the set additional patterns on each of the selected blocks.
- the additional pattern setting unit sets a block to be embedded in the other selected block, depending on the additional pattern embedded in one of the selected blocks.
- the digital data includes a plurality of pixel values
- the additional pattern includes an array of data superimposed on each of the pixel values
- the additional pattern setting unit performs relative processing of each included data. You may set a combination of two additional patterns whose magnitude relationships are reversed.
- the second aspect is directed to a digital watermark detection apparatus for detecting information embedded as digital watermark in digital data.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus includes a block dividing unit that divides digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size, and m pieces (where m is a number) according to a predetermined order from the plurality of blocks. , Detect a combination of m additional patterns superimposed on the selected block and determine the data element associated with the combination of additional patterns. And an embedded information determination unit.
- the embedded information determination unit calculates the cross-correlation between the predetermined detection filter and each of the selected blocks, and V, based on the phase change in the calculated cross-correlation, It is preferable to detect a combination of additional patterns.
- the detection filter may be configured by at least a part of the additional pattern.
- the third aspect is directed to an electronic permeability embedding method for embedding information constituted by at least one data element in digital data as the electronic permeability.
- the digital watermark embedding method includes a block dividing step of dividing digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size, and m pieces (where m is M selected from among multiple types of additional patterns corresponding to the block selection step and one data element embedded in the selected m blocks An additional pattern setting step for setting a combination of the additional patterns, and an additional pattern superimposing step for superimposing each of the set additional patterns on each of the selected blocks.
- the fourth aspect is directed to a digital watermark detection method for detecting information embedded as digital watermark in digital data.
- the digital watermark detection method includes a block dividing step of dividing digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size, and m pieces (where m is A block selection step for selecting (an integer greater than or equal to 2) and a combination of m additional patterns superimposed on the selected block and detecting the data elements associated with the combination of additional patterns And an embedded information determination step for determining.
- the fifth aspect is directed to a computer-readable recording medium in which a program for embedding information constituted by at least one data element in digital data as electronic permeability is recorded.
- the recording medium includes a block dividing function that divides digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size and m pieces (where m is a number) according to a predetermined order from the plurality of blocks.
- Block selection function that selects blocks of 2 or more) and m of selected additional patterns corresponding to one data element embedded in the selected m blocks
- a computer-readable program for realizing an additional pattern setting function for setting a combination of additional patterns and an additional pattern overlapping function for superimposing each of the set additional patterns on each selected block is recorded. .
- the sixth aspect is directed to a computer-readable recording medium recording a program for detecting information embedded as digital watermark in digital data.
- the recording medium includes a block dividing function for dividing digital data into a plurality of blocks having a predetermined size and a m number of m (however, m in accordance with a predetermined order from the plurality of blocks). Is a block selection function that selects an integer of 2 or more), and m additional pattern combinations superimposed on the selected block are detected, and data associated with the additional pattern combinations is detected.
- a program that realizes an embedded information determination function for determining an element is recorded in a computer-readable manner.
- a cross-correlation between a predetermined detection filter and a selected block is calculated, and a combination of additional patterns is obtained by a phase change of the cross-correlation, so that an embedded information signal Make a decision. Even when a positional shift occurs, the phase change of the cross-correlation remains unchanged, so that the embedded information signal can be detected correctly.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital watermark embedding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an electronic watermark embedding method executed by the electronic permeability embedding device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example (embedding without duplication) of a digital watermark embedding method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example (embedding with overlap) of the digital watermark embedding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example (embedding without duplication) of a digital watermark embedding method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example (embedding with overlap) of the electron permeability embedding method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a digital watermark detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a detection method (when there is no positional shift in an additional pattern) executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining another example of the detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention (when there is a positional deviation in the additional pattern).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a detection method (when there is no positional shift in an additional pattern) executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining another example of the detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention (when there is a positional deviation in the additional pattern).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a detection filter used by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiments 3 and 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14A is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 9 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14B is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 2 shown in FIG. 9 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 10 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 2 shown in FIG. 10 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 11 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 2 shown in FIG. 11 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 12 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing a cross-correlation between block 2 shown in FIG. 12 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of Walsh-Hadamard basis.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) basis.
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- FIG. 20A is a diagram showing an example 1 of an additional pattern.
- FIG. 20B is a diagram showing an example 1 of an additional pattern.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing an example 2 of an additional pattern.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram showing an example 2 of an additional pattern.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram showing an example 3 of an additional pattern.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram showing an example 3 of additional patterns.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a modification in which a plurality of types of additional patterns having different sizes are superimposed on digital data.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of hardware of a computer that executes an electronic permeability embedding or detection program stored in a recording medium.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing a method for realizing a digital watermark embedding device or a detection device using the computer shown in FIG. 24.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a conventional electron permeability embedding and detection technique.
- FIG. 27A is a schematic diagram showing a conventional enlargement / reduction process, and shows a case where the autocorrelation does not become a peak.
- FIG. 27B is a schematic diagram showing a conventional enlargement / reduction process, and shows a case where autocorrelation peaks.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronically permeable embedding device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the electronic permeability embedding device shown in FIG. 1 includes a block dividing unit 101 and a block selecting unit.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a digital watermark embedding method executed by the digital watermark embedding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- original data (still image) is input to the digital watermark embedding device.
- the block division unit 101 divides the original data into a plurality of blocks including M ⁇ N pixels (step 201).
- M and N are integers of 1 or more
- M X N is an integer of 2 or more.
- block selecting section 102 selects at least two blocks from a plurality of blocks divided by block dividing section 101 in accordance with a predetermined order (step 202).
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets a combination of additional patterns to be superimposed on the block selected by the block selection unit 102 in response to a predetermined embedded information signal (step 203).
- the additional pattern superimposing unit 104 superimposes each of the additional patterns set by the additional pattern setting unit 103 on each of the blocks selected by the block selecting unit 102 (step 2004).
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus uses two types of additional patterns shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B.
- data to be superimposed on each of the pixel values included in the block is arranged in 16 ⁇ 8.
- each of the additional patterns shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B is an array composed of two types of data: data shown in white in the figure and data shown in gray. To do.
- the magnitude relationship between the data shown in white and the data shown in gray is predetermined.
- each data included in the supplementary calorie pattern shown in FIG. 21A is arranged so as to be inverted with respect to each data included in the additional pattern shown in FIG. 21B. .
- the digital watermark embedding device when the value of the embedded information signal W [k] (where k represents the index of the embedded information bit) is 0, A combination of additional patterns set to have the same phase is superimposed on the block, and when the value of the embedded information signal W [k] is 1, the combination of additional patterns set to have the opposite phase Is superimposed on the block.
- the embedded information signal embedded as the electronic permeability is constituted by an array including at least one embedded information W [k].
- One embedded information signal W [k] corresponds to one data element constituting the embedded information.
- one data element of the embedded information signal corresponds to 1-bit information (0 or 1), but may correspond to information that can be expressed by 2 bits or more.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the electronic permeability embedding method according to the first embodiment.
- the block dividing unit 101 divides original data including 64 ⁇ 8 pixels into four blocks including 16 ⁇ 8 pixels (step 201).
- the divided blocks are called blocks A to D in order.
- the block selection unit 102 selects two blocks 1 and 2 from the blocks A to D in the order from left to right in FIG. 3 (step 202).
- a block selection method a method of selecting a block without reselecting an already selected block (hereinafter referred to as “no duplication” method), or a method of reselecting an already selected block (hereinafter referred to as “block selection”). It is called the “overlapping” method.
- Fig. 3 shows an example in which the digital watermark embedding apparatus embeds information according to a method without duplication. Blocks A and B are selected as the first set of blocks 1 and 2, and blocks C and D are selected as the second set of blocks 1 and 2.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets a combination of additional patterns to be superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2 selected in step 202 (step 203).
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 corresponds to the combination of the anti-phase additional patterns in the blocks A and B corresponding to the value 1 of the embedded information signal W [l] superimposed on the selected first set of blocks A and B. Set. Further, the additional pattern setting unit 103 corresponds to the additional pattern having the same phase for the blocks C and D corresponding to the value 0 of the embedded information signal W [l] to be superimposed on the selected second set of blocks C and D. Set the combination. Therefore, the additional pattern of FIG. 21A is set for block A, the additional pattern of FIG. 21B is set for block B, the additional pattern of FIG. 21A is set for block B, and the additional pattern of FIG. The additional pattern of Fig. 21A is set.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the electronic permeability embedding method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 shows an example where the digital watermark embedding device embeds information according to a method with duplication.
- the embedded data signal W [l] l is used as the embedded information signal W [k] (where k represents the index of the embedded information bit).
- W [2] 0 is assumed.
- the block dividing unit 101 divides original data including 48 ⁇ 8 pixels into three blocks including 16 ⁇ 8 pixels (step 201).
- the divided blocks are called blocks A to C in order.
- the block selection unit 102 selects two blocks from the blocks A to C in the order of output from left to right in FIG. 4 (step 202).
- the block selection unit 102 selects blocks A and B as a first set of blocks 1 and 2. Further, the block selection unit 102 selects the block B that has already been selected in the first set, and selects the blocks B and C as the second set of blocks 1 and 2.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets a combination of additional patterns to be superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2 selected in step 202 (step 203).
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets the additional pattern of FIG. 21A to block A and adds the additional pattern of FIG. 21B to block B corresponding to the value 1 of the embedded information signal W [l] superimposed on the first set of blocks. Set the pattern.
- additional pattern setting section 103 sets an additional pattern for each of blocks 1 and 2 in the set, it is superimposed on block 1 in the second set (block 2 in the first set, ie, block B).
- the pattern has already been determined. Therefore, it is only necessary to determine the additional pattern of block 2 (block C) depending on the already determined additional pattern of block 1 (block B).
- a combination of additional patterns of the same phase is set corresponding to the value 0 of the embedded information signal W [l] to be superimposed. Therefore, additional pattern setting section 103 sets the additional pattern shown in block C, FIG. 21B.
- the additional pattern superimposing unit 104 superimposes each of the data included in the additional pattern set in step 203 on each of the pixel values included in the blocks A to C, and outputs the image data with information. obtain.
- two data elements corresponding to the value of W [k], which is one data element constituting the embedded information signal, are used.
- a combination of additional patterns is set, and each set additional pattern is superimposed on each of the two blocks. Since the relative relationship between each of the additional patterns embedded in the pair of adjacent blocks is not easily changed due to the positional deviation of the image data, it is possible to improve the resistance to electronic permeability against the positional deviation.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus when the digital watermark embedding apparatus superimposes the embedded information signal by a method with overlap, the number of embedded information signals that can be superimposed on a certain number of blocks can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to embed more information in the digital data compared to the method without duplication.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of the electronic permeability embedding method according to the second embodiment.
- the original data including 96 ⁇ 8 pixels is embedded in the 2-bit embedded information signal W [k] as embedded information signal W [k] (where k represents an index of embedded information bits).
- the block dividing unit 101 divides original data including 96 ⁇ 8 pixels into six blocks including 16 ⁇ 8 pixels (step 201). For ease of explanation, the divided blocks are called blocks A to F in order.
- the block selection unit 102 selects three blocks 1 to 3 from the blocks A to F in the order from left to right in FIG. 3 (step 202).
- a block selection method a method of selecting a block without reselecting an already selected block (hereinafter referred to as “no duplication” method) or a method of selecting an already selected block again (hereinafter referred to as “ There is a method of “there is duplication”.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the digital watermark embedding apparatus embeds information according to a method without duplication.
- Blocks A to C are the first set of blocks 1 to 3.
- Blocks D to F are selected as the second set of blocks 1 to 3.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets a combination of additional patterns to be superimposed on the blocks 1 to 3 selected in step 202 (step 203).
- the digital watermark embedding device has the value power of the embedded information signal W [k]
- the additional pattern having the same phase as the additional pattern set in the block 1 is transferred to the block 2.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus sets the additional pattern of the opposite phase to the additional pattern set in block 1 to block 2 and Set the additional pattern of opposite phase to the additional pattern set in 2 to block 3.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets the additional pattern of FIG. 21A in block A corresponding to the value 1 of information W [0] embedded in blocks A to C, and Set the additional pattern of Fig. 21B, and set the additional pattern of Fig. 21A to block C. Further, the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets the additional pattern of FIG. 21A in each of the blocks D to F corresponding to the value 0 of the information W [l] embedded in the blocks D to F.
- the additional pattern superimposing unit 104 superimposes each of the set additional patterns on each of the selected blocks (step 204). More specifically, the additional pattern superimposing unit 104 superimposes each of the data included in the additional pattern set in step 203 on each of the pixel values included in the block to obtain image data with information.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of the electronic permeability embedding method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the digital watermark embedding apparatus embeds information according to a duplication method.
- the block dividing unit 101 divides original data including 80 ⁇ 8 pixels into five blocks including 16 ⁇ 8 pixels (step 201).
- the divided blocks are called blocks A to E in order.
- the block selection unit 102 moves from left to right in FIG. In block order, select three blocks at a time (step 202).
- the block selection unit 102 selects blocks A to C as the first and third blocks 1 to 3, and selects blocks C to E as the second and first blocks 1 to 3.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets a combination of additional patterns to be superimposed on the blocks 1 to 3 selected in Step 202 (Step 203).
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets the additional pattern of FIG. 21A to block A and sets the additional pattern of FIG. 21B to block B corresponding to the value 1 of the embedded information signal W [l] superimposed on the first set of blocks.
- the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets an additional pattern for each of the first set of blocks, the additional pattern superimposed on the second set of blocks 1 (first set of blocks 3, ie, block C). Has already been determined. Therefore, the additional pattern setting unit 103 may determine the additional patterns of blocks 2 and 3 (blocks D and E) depending on the already determined additional pattern of block 1 (block C). In the second set of blocks D and E, a combination of additional patterns of the same phase is set corresponding to the value 0 of the embedded information signal W [2] to be superimposed. Therefore, the additional pattern setting unit 103 sets the additional pattern shown in FIG. 21A for each of the blocks D and E.
- the additional pattern superimposing unit 104 superimposes each of the data included in the additional pattern set in step 203 on each of the pixel values included in the block to obtain image data with information.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus shown in FIG. 7 includes a block division unit 701, a block selection unit 702, and an embedded information determination unit 703.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a digital watermark detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the block dividing unit 701 divides the data-containing data into a plurality of blocks including M X N pixels (Step 801).
- M and N are integers of 1 or more, and M X N is an integer of 2 or more.
- the block selection unit 702 selects at least two blocks from the plurality of blocks divided by the block division unit 701 in accordance with a predetermined order (step
- the embedding information determination unit 703 extracts the combination of additional patterns superimposed on the block selected by the block selection unit 702, and determines the embedding information corresponding to the combination of additional patterns. (Step 803).
- Embodiment 3 when two additional patterns are in phase, information of 0 is superimposed, and when two additional patterns are in reverse phase, information of 1 is superimposed. Assuming that
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- Figure 9 shows the case where the misalignment occurs in the additional pattern embedded in the information-containing data.
- the block dividing unit 701 divides information-containing data including 32 X 8 pixels into two block units including 16 X 8 pixels. (Step 801)
- block selecting section 702 selects blocks 1 and 2 from the two blocks divided by block dividing section 701 (step 802).
- the embedded information determination unit 703 detects a combination of additional patterns superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2, and determines embedded information corresponding to the detected additional pattern. More specifically, the embedded information determination unit 703 uses the pattern shown in FIG. 13 as a detection filter. In the third embodiment, the detection filter is configured by a part of the attached calo pattern shown in FIG. 21A. The embedded information determination unit 703 is shown in FIG. 13 while moving the detection filter from pixel (0,0) to coordinate (8,0) (direction dl shown in FIG. 9) pixel by pixel. Calculate the cross-correlation between the detection filter and block 1. Similarly, the embedded information determination unit 703 calculates the cross-correlation of the detection filter shown in FIG. 13 from the coordinates (16,0) to (24,0) (direction d2 shown in FIG. 9). The cross-correlation may be obtained according to a known method or formula.
- FIG. 14A shows the cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 9 and the detection filter shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 14B shows block 2 shown in FIG. 9 and the detection filter shown in FIG. The cross correlation with is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the value of cross-correlation
- the horizontal axis indicates the shift amount of the detection filter in the direction dl or d2.
- the detection filter when the shift amount of the detection filter is n force ⁇ (when the coordinates of the vertex of the detection filter coincide with the coordinates (0,0)), the detection filter includes the additional pattern embedded in the block 1. Agree with some. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14A, the cross-correlation between the detection filter and block 1 has a maximum value.
- the detection filter shift amount is n (when the vertex of the detection filter matches the coordinate (4,0))
- the detection filter is a part of the additional pattern embedded in block 1 , Inversion relationship. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 14A, the cross-correlation between the detection filter and block 1 takes a local minimum.
- the cross-correlation shown in Fig. 14B can be obtained in the same way.
- the cross-correlation between block 1 and the detection filter draws a cosine curve when plotted as shown in FIG. 14A. Since the phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 14B is inverted with respect to the phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 14A (that is, the phase difference is ⁇ ), the embedded information determination unit 703 It is determined that each of 2 is superimposed with an antiphase additional pattern. Therefore, the embedded information determination unit 703 determines that the information signal W [l] embedded in the blocks 1 and 2 is “1”.
- FIG. 10 shows two blocks 1 and 2 that have been selected for image power with information in which the additional pattern is shifted.
- the embedding information determination unit 703 shifts the vertex of the detection filter to the coordinate (0,0) force (8,0) (in the direction d3 shown in FIG. 10), while Calculate the correlation. In addition, the embedded information determination unit 703 shifts the vertex of the detection filter between the detection filter and the block 2 when the coordinate (16,0) force is also shifted to (24,0) (in the direction d4 shown in FIG. 10). Calculate cross-correlation.
- FIG. 15A shows the cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 10 and the detection filter shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 15B shows block 2 shown in FIG. 10 and the detection filter shown in FIG. The cross correlation with is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the value of the cross-correlation
- the horizontal axis indicates the shift amount of the detection filter in the direction d3 or d4.
- the amount of shift is shifted by 1 from the initial phase of the cross-correlation.
- the initial phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 15B is also shifted by a shift amount 1 from the initial phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 14B.
- the embedding information determination unit 703 can determine that the additional patterns superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2 are opposite in phase to each other. Therefore, the embedded information determination unit 703 determines that the information signal W [l] embedded in the blocks 1 and 2 is 1 based on the cross-correlation of the additional patterns embedded in the blocks 1 and 2. can do.
- the cross-correlation of each additional pattern embedded in a plurality of blocks is detected, and based on the detected cross-correlation.
- one data element W [k] constituting the embedded information signal can be determined. Therefore, the printed image power is optically converted into digital data. Even if the relative misalignment of the additional pattern occurs in the converted image containing information or the clipped information containing image, it is embedded without depending on the misalignment of the additional pattern. It is possible to correctly detect the existing information signal.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus does not depend on the positional deviation of the additional pattern as long as information is embedded in the printed image by the digital watermark embedding apparatus according to the present invention. A unique effect can be obtained in that the information embedded as a permeability can be detected.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- Fig. 11 shows the case where there is a position shift in the additional pattern embedded in the information-containing data.
- the block dividing unit 701 divides the data-containing data including 32 ⁇ 8 pixels into a plurality of blocks including 16 ⁇ 8 pixels (step 801).
- block selecting section 702 selects blocks 1 and 2 from the two blocks divided by block dividing section 801 (step 802).
- the embedded information determination unit 703 detects a combination of additional patterns superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2, and determines embedded information corresponding to the detected additional pattern.
- the embedded information determination unit 703 uses the pattern shown in FIG. 13 as a detection filter.
- the embedded information determination unit 703 determines the vertex of the detection filter from the coordinates (0,0).
- the cross-correlation between the detection filter and block 1 is calculated while shifting pixel by pixel up to the coordinate (8,0) (in the direction d5 shown in Fig. 11).
- the embedding information determination unit 703 shifts the vertex of the detection filter from the coordinates (16,0) to (24,0) (in the direction d6 shown in FIG. 11) pixel by pixel while shifting the detection filter and the block. Calculate the cross-correlation with 2.
- FIG. 16A shows the cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 11 and the detection filter shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 16B shows block 2 shown in FIG. 11 and the detection filter shown in FIG. The cross correlation with is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the cross-correlation value
- the horizontal axis indicates the shift amount of the detection filter in the direction d5 or d6.
- the embedded information determination unit 703 Since the phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 16B is not inverted with respect to the phase of the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 16A, the embedded information determination unit 703 has the same phase for each of the blocks 1 and 2. It is determined that the additional pattern is superimposed. Therefore, the embedded information determination unit 703 determines that the information signal W [l] embedded in the blocks 1 and 2 is 0.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining another example of the detection method executed by the digital watermark detection apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- Figure 12 shows the two blocks 1 and 2 selected for the image power with information that the additional pattern is shifted.
- FIG. 17A shows the cross-correlation between block 1 shown in FIG. 12 and the detection filter shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 17B shows block 2 shown in FIG. 12 and the detection filter shown in FIG.
- the cross correlation with is shown.
- the vertical axis represents the cross-correlation value
- the horizontal axis represents the shift amount of the detection filter in the direction d7 or d8.
- the additional pattern is shifted by one pixel with respect to block 1 shown in FIG.
- the initial phase is shifted by the shift amount 1 from the cross correlation shown in FIG. 16A.
- the initial phase is shifted by a shift amount 1 from the cross-correlation shown in FIG. 16B.
- the embedded information determination unit 703 can determine that the additional patterns superimposed on the blocks 1 and 2 are in phase with each other. Therefore, the embedded information determination unit 703 determines that the information signal W [l] embedded in the blocks 1 and 2 is 0 based on the cross-correlation of the attached calo pattern embedded in the blocks 1 and 2. be able to.
- the cross-correlation of each additional pattern embedded in a plurality of blocks is detected, and based on the detected cross-correlation.
- one data element W [k] constituting the embedded information signal can be determined. Therefore, in the case where the relative displacement of the additional pattern occurs in the printed image force information-containing image optically converted into digital data, or in the clipped information-containing image, etc. Therefore, it is possible to correctly detect the embedded information signal without depending on the positional deviation of the additional pattern.
- Embodiment 1 described above when embedding 0 information, the digital watermark embedding device superimposes an additional pattern of the same phase on blocks 1 and 2 and embeds 1 information.
- the method of combining force addition patterns in which anti-phase addition patterns are superimposed on blocks 1 and 2 is not limited to this example.
- the digital watermark embedding device When embedding 0 information, the digital watermark embedding device superimposes an additional pattern of opposite phase on the blocks 1 and 2, and when embedding information of 1, superimposes an additional pattern of the same phase on the blocks 1 and 2. Also good.
- the digital watermark embedding device superimposes the additional pattern having the same phase as that of block 1 on block 2 and embeds block 2 when embedding 0 information.
- an additional pattern with the same phase is superimposed on block 3 and information 1 is embedded, an additional pattern with the opposite phase to block 1 is superimposed on block 2 and
- the combination method of the force additional pattern in which the additional pattern is superimposed on the block 3 is not limited to this example.
- information of 0 and 1 may be associated with the reverse of that in the embodiment.
- Various nominations are conceivable as a method for combining additional patterns.
- the electronic watermark embedding device when embedding zero information, the electronic watermark embedding device superimposes an additional pattern in the same phase as block 1 on block 2 and an additional pattern in the opposite phase to block 2 on block 3.
- the additional pattern having the opposite phase to that of block 1 may be superimposed on block 2, and the additional pattern having the same phase as that of block 2 may be superimposed on block 3.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus uses the additional pattern superimposed on blocks i and j (where i and j are integers equal to or greater than 1 satisfying i and j).
- the setting method of force additional pattern that sets the additional pattern to be superimposed on block j depending on the additional pattern to be superimposed on block i when setting the combination of is not limited to this example Absent.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus may set an additional pattern to be superimposed on block i depending on the attached calo pattern to be superimposed on block j.
- the number of selected force blocks for which the block selection unit selects two or three blocks is not limited to this example.
- the method of selecting a force block in which the block selecting unit selects two or more adjacent blocks is not limited to this example.
- the block selection unit may intermittently select blocks several blocks apart.
- the block selection unit may select two or more blocks aligned in the vertical direction or the diagonal direction.
- the method of superimposing a force additional pattern in which the digital watermark embedding apparatus directly superimposes the additional pattern on the pixel value included in the block is limited to this example. It is not something.
- the additional pattern superimposing unit may superimpose the additional pattern on a luminance signal or a color difference signal converted from the color space.
- the additional pattern superimposing unit converts the pixel value of the block that does not directly superimpose the additional pattern in the spatial domain into the frequency domain, and then operates the frequency coefficient to operate the additional pattern. May be superimposed.
- the method of detecting a force-added pattern in which the digital watermark detection apparatus detects a combination of additional patterns in the spatial domain is not limited to this.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus may determine a combination of superimposed additional patterns after converting a block into a frequency domain value.
- the information signal embedded in each of two or more blocks is shown as a method of detecting an information signal embedded in each of two adjacent blocks. The same argument holds for detection.
- the force detection filter in which the detection filter configured by a part of the additional pattern is used is not limited to this example.
- the additional pattern and the detection filter need not be a complete subset. If the relationship of “part of the detection filter additional pattern” is established, it is possible to detect the additional pattern using the detection filter.
- the Walsh-Hadamard basis shown in Fig. 18 is used as the data array of the additional pattern
- the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) shown in Fig. 19 is used as the data array of the detection filter. It is also possible to use a base.
- the size of the detection filter is not limited to 8 X 8.
- the digital watermark detection device may perform the detection process while appropriately changing the filter size in accordance with the enlargement ratio or reduction ratio of the information-containing image. In this case, it is possible to correctly detect the information signal embedded in the enlarged or reduced information-containing image.
- Embodiments 1 to 4 described above it is possible to correctly detect information embedded in an enlarged or reduced information-containing image by repeating the loop processing.
- the method is shown below.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a modification in which a plurality of types of additional patterns having different sizes are superimposed on digital data.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus superimposes the additional pattern in step 204 shown in FIG. 2, and then returns to step 201 to execute block division again.
- the block dividing unit converts the original data into The block is divided into a plurality of blocks having a size different from that of the previous division.
- the digital watermark embedding device divides 16 ⁇ 8 image data into two blocks having a size of 8 ⁇ 8, and has a size of 8 ⁇ 8
- the image on which the additional pattern is superimposed is again divided into a plurality of blocks having a size of 4 ⁇ 4.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus further superimposes an additional pattern having a size of 4 ⁇ 4 as shown in FIG. 23 on the image data on which the additional pattern of 8 ⁇ 8 is already superimposed.
- the additional pattern superimposed on the p-th and the additional pattern superimposed on the q-th are substantially orthogonal to each other. It is sufficient if it is set as follows. In this case, when the additional pattern is detected, the p-th additional pattern and the q-th additional pattern do not affect each other.
- the detection filter matches one of the additional patterns embedded in the enlarged or reduced information-containing image. . Therefore, the digital watermark detection apparatus can determine the additional pattern superimposed on the information-containing image without changing the size of the detection filter.
- the block selection unit may select one block from each of a plurality of frames.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus can detect the combination of the additional patterns based on the cross-correlation by obtaining the time series cross-correlation at the time of detecting the additional pattern.
- the block selection unit may select a block having different coordinates from each other in a plurality of frames.
- FIG. 21A and The force application pattern shown in the pattern shown in FIG. 21B is not limited to this example.
- the pattern shown in FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B or FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B may be used.
- the digital watermark embedding device or the digital watermark detection device is constructed as a program stored in a storage device (ROM, RAM, hard disk, etc.), and the program is stored in the computer. It can be realized by installing and executing the program, or by causing the computer to execute the program via a network.
- the program includes a block dividing unit 101, a block selecting unit 102, an additional pattern setting unit 103, an additional pattern superimposing unit 104, a block dividing unit 701, a block selecting unit 702, and an embedded information determining unit 703, which are processes or program modules.
- This computer is a concept including a computer incorporated in a portable terminal device.
- the storage medium here means semiconductor memory such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc., magnetic disk memory such as flexible disk and hard disk, optical disk such as CD-ROM, DVD, BD, etc., and recording medium such as memory card. Further, the recording medium is a concept including a communication medium such as a telephone line or a conveyance path.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of hardware of a computer that executes an electronic permeability embedding or detection program stored in a recording medium.
- the computer shown in FIG. 24 includes a CPU 2401, an image capturing unit 2402, a display unit 2404 such as a camera incorporated in a digital camera, camcorder, or mobile phone, a RAM 2406, an external storage device 2407 such as a hard disk, A drive 2410 for reading a recording medium 2409 such as a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, and a network IZF (interface) 241 2 for network communication are provided.
- the image capturing unit 2402 is an external storage device such as a hard disk when the CPU 2401 executes the digital watermark embedding process, and when the CPU 2401 executes the electronic watermark detection process.
- an external storage device such as a hard disk, a digital camera, a camcorder, a camera incorporated in a mobile phone
- an optical device such as a scanner may be used.
- the image capturing unit 2402 is connected to the data bus via a connection IZO (input / output).
- the display unit 2404, the external storage device 2407, and the drive 2410 Each is connected to the data bus via connection IZO (input / output) 2405, connection lZO2408, and connection ⁇ 02411.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing a method for realizing a digital watermark embedding device or a detection device using the computer shown in FIG.
- the computer reads a program (step 2501).
- a program for causing the CPU 2401 to execute the digital watermark embedding method or detection method is recorded on the recording medium 2409 in a computer readable and executable format.
- the program recorded in the recording medium 2409 is read by the drive 2410.
- the program may download external storage capacity through the network IZF2412.
- the program may be stored in the external storage device 2407 in advance, or may be stored in the external storage device 2407 through the connection IZ02411 and 2408 after being read from the drive 2410.
- the program may be downloaded via the network IZF 2412 and then stored in the external storage device 2407 via the connection 2408.
- the program is read to the RAM 2406 (step 2502).
- the program force is read from the S drive 2410 to the RAM 2406
- the program may be expanded in the RAM 2406 through the connection I / O.
- the program stored in the external storage device 2407 is read into the RAM 2406
- the program is expanded into the RAM 2406 through the connection 2408.
- image data is captured (step 2503).
- the CPU 2401 executes digital watermark embedding processing
- the original image data is captured from the image capturing unit 2402.
- the image capturing unit 2402 captures image data in which electronic transparency is embedded.
- an image in which a digital watermark is embedded may be optically captured using an optical device such as a digital camera.
- the captured image data is expanded to the external storage device 2407 via the connections IZO 2408 and 2408.
- the captured image data is expanded to RAM 2406 through connection IZO 2408 (step 2505).
- the CPU 2401 executes digital watermark embedding processing or detection processing using the program and image data read into the RAM 2406 (step 2506).
- the processing result may be output to an output device or storage device on the network via the network IZF2412.
- the digital watermark embedding device or the digital watermark detection device is realized by the computer executing the program recorded on the recording medium.
- the functional block (FIG. 1) of the digital watermark embedding device according to each of the above embodiments or the functional block (FIG. 7) of the digital watermark detection device may be realized as an LSI that is an integrated circuit.
- These functional blocks may be one chip, or may be one chip so as to include a part or all of them.
- LSI degree of power integration
- it may be called IC, system LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI.
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and circuit integration may be performed using a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- an FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- a reconfigurable 'processor that can reconfigure the connection of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
- integrated circuit technology that replaces LSI emerges as a result of advances in semiconductor technology or other derived technologies, it is naturally possible to use such technology to create functional blocks. Biotechnology can be applied.
- the present invention can realize electronic transparency with improved resistance to misalignment, for example, when a relative misalignment occurs in an embedded digital watermark due to printing or clipping processing, for example. Etc. are useful.
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Abstract
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US11/791,838 US7907747B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2005-11-30 | Device, method, and recording medium for embedding/detecting a digital watermark |
JP2006547982A JP4393521B2 (ja) | 2004-12-03 | 2005-11-30 | 電子透かし埋め込み装置及び検出装置並びに方法及び記録媒体 |
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JP2013030974A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-02-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | 電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、及びプログラム |
JP2020088469A (ja) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-06-04 | 河村 尚登 | 電子透かし装置および方法 |
US11136002B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2021-10-05 | Pylon Manufacturing Corp. | Wiper blade |
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CN111008923B (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2022-10-18 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | 水印嵌入和水印提取方法、装置和设备 |
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JP2000350001A (ja) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 電子透かし情報の埋め込み方法および抽出方法 |
JP2001285619A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-12 | Canon Inc | 画像処理装置、画像処理方法及び記憶媒体 |
JP2004147253A (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-20 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
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US7720249B2 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2010-05-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark embedder and reader |
JP3592545B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-07 | 2004-11-24 | 株式会社リコー | 画像処理装置および画像処理方法および情報記録媒体 |
JP3872267B2 (ja) | 2000-09-12 | 2007-01-24 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | 拡大縮小耐性を有する電子透かし方法およびシステム |
US7433489B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2008-10-07 | Sony Electronics Inc. | Method to ensure temporal synchronization and reduce complexity in the detection of temporal watermarks |
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2005
- 2005-11-30 JP JP2006547982A patent/JP4393521B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-30 US US11/791,838 patent/US7907747B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000350001A (ja) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 電子透かし情報の埋め込み方法および抽出方法 |
JP2001285619A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-12 | Canon Inc | 画像処理装置、画像処理方法及び記憶媒体 |
JP2004147253A (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-20 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
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JP2013030974A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-02-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | 電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、及びプログラム |
US11136002B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2021-10-05 | Pylon Manufacturing Corp. | Wiper blade |
JP2020088469A (ja) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-06-04 | 河村 尚登 | 電子透かし装置および方法 |
JP7142256B2 (ja) | 2018-11-19 | 2022-09-27 | 河村 尚登 | 電子透かし装置および方法 |
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US7907747B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
US20080101650A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
JPWO2006059648A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
JP4393521B2 (ja) | 2010-01-06 |
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