WO2006059331A2 - Transmission bilaterale dans un capteur in vivo autonome - Google Patents

Transmission bilaterale dans un capteur in vivo autonome Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006059331A2
WO2006059331A2 PCT/IL2005/001289 IL2005001289W WO2006059331A2 WO 2006059331 A2 WO2006059331 A2 WO 2006059331A2 IL 2005001289 W IL2005001289 W IL 2005001289W WO 2006059331 A2 WO2006059331 A2 WO 2006059331A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
transmitter
signal
transceiver
rate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2005/001289
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English (en)
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WO2006059331A3 (fr
Inventor
Ido Bettesh
Original Assignee
Given Imaging Ltd.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Given Imaging Ltd. filed Critical Given Imaging Ltd.
Priority to US11/791,978 priority Critical patent/US20080193139A1/en
Priority to DE112005003031T priority patent/DE112005003031T5/de
Priority to JP2007544009A priority patent/JP2008521539A/ja
Priority to EP05813142A priority patent/EP1836589A2/fr
Publication of WO2006059331A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006059331A2/fr
Publication of WO2006059331A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006059331A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/143—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex for modulated signals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to two-way communication by an in-vivo sensing device, and more particularly, to the transmission and receipt of wireless signals by an in-vivo sensing device.
  • Autonomous in-vivo sensing devices are known. Certain autonomous in-vivo sensing devices include functions that may be activated or deactivated in response to various signals or stimuli such as for example the passage of time, a change in environmental conditions such as change of scenery, or other factors.
  • an autonomous in-vivo sensing device that includes an in-vivo transceiver to both transmit wireless signals to, for example, an external receiver, and to receive wireless
  • the transceiver may be a half duplex transceiver that may alternate between transmission and reception. In other embodiments of the present invention, the transceiver may transmit at a higher rate than it may receive. In yet other embodiments of the present invention, reception may be by wide bandwidth communication, e.g. spread spectrum communication. 5
  • the wireless signals transmitted by the in-vivo transceiver may be or may include sensed data such as, for example, image data that may be collected by the in-vivo sensing device. According to embodiments of the present invention, the wireless signals received by the transceiver may be command signals to alter one or more operation state of the in-vivo device. 0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 depicts an in-vivo sensing device and an associated system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2A shows an on/off keying (OOK) that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2B shows the frequency characteristic of an on-off keying (OOK) signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 A shows an on/off keying modulation combined with a variable frequency signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3B shows the frequency characteristic of an on/off keying modulation combined with variable frequency signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4A shows a constant envelope modulated carrier signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4B shows an on/off keying modulation combined with a frequency sweep signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a portion of a transmitter for transmitting a constant envelope signal with a wide frequency bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a block diagram of the circuitry for the receiver part of a transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows one or more symbols composed of a sequence of narrow OOK pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a transmitter for transmitting OOK pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the circuitry for reception of OOK pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 shows a diagram with circuitry for a demodulator receiver according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Figure 11 shows a modified FSK scheme spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 shows a hard limiter FSK receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 shows a portion of a transmitter for transmitting an FSK modulated signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows a flow chart of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn accurately or to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity, or several physical components may be included in one functional block or element. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be directed to an autonomous, typically swallowable in-vivo device. Other embodiments need not be swallowable.
  • Devices or systems according to embodiments of the present invention may be similar to embodiments described in International Application WO 01/65995 and/or in U.S. Patent No. 5,604,531, each of which are assigned to the common assignee of the present invention and each of which are hereby fully incorporated by reference.
  • a receiving and/or display system suitable for use with embodiments of the present invention may also be similar to embodiments described in WO 01/65995 and/or in U.S. Patent Number 5,604,531.
  • Devices and systems as described herein may have other configurations and other sets of components.
  • devices and systems described herein maybe used for controlled drug delivery, for example, to a target location, as may be described by in PCT publication WO 00/22975, published on April 27, 2000 and which is assigned to the common assignee and which is hereby fully incorporated by reference.
  • Alternate embodiments of a device, system and method according to various embodiments of the invention may be used with other devices, nonimaging and/or non-in-vivo devices.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an in-vivo sensing device and an external receiver and transmitter system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the system may include a device 40 having an imager 46, an optical system 50, a sensor 43, an illumination source 42, a power source 45 such as for example one or more batteries and a controller 47.
  • Controller 47 may be implemented as a processor, FPGA (Field Programmable Field Array) or by a similar implementation. Other components or sensors may also be included.
  • Controller 47 may, for example, be capable of processing signals that are received by device 40 into for example command or control signals that may control, activate, deactivate or otherwise alter an operative state of components that may be included in device 40.
  • Device 40 may include a transceiver 49 that may be capable of receiving wireless signals and transmitting wireless signals. Transceiver 49 may also have other functions. In some embodiments, transceiver 49 and controller 47 may be or may be included in a single integrated circuit or other device. Device 40 may include antenna 48 that may be operably attached to transceiver 49. In some embodiments, antenna 48 may be used for, or in the performance of, both the receipt and transmission of wireless signals by transceiver 49. In other embodiments there may be more than one antenna such as for example a receiver antenna and/or a transmitter antenna. Device 40 typically may be or may include an autonomous swallowable capsule, but may have other shapes, and need not be swallowable or autonomous.
  • device 40 may be a capsule or other unit where all the components are substantially contained within a container, housing or shell, and where device 40 may not require a wired or cabled connection to, for example, receive power or transmit information.
  • device 40 may collect sensed data from the GI tract while it passes through the GI lumen. Other lumens may be imaged.
  • Receiver 12 External to device 40 may be a receiver 12, transmitter 13, a controller 17, a storage unit 15 and a display unit 16.
  • Receiver 12, which may be a receiver/recorder, and transmitter 13 may be housed or included in the same housing or unit, or may be housed in one or more separate units.
  • transmitter 13 and receiver 12 may be housed in a portable unit that may be carried or worn by a patient and/or may be integrated into a transceiver.
  • Receiver 12 may be connected to and/or in electrical communication with a processor 14 which may process, for example, data signals such as, for example, sensed data signals that are received from device 40 and/or control data received from device 40.
  • processor 14 may be operably connected to the display 16 and/or a storage system 15 that may display and/or store the image or other sensed data collected and transmitted by device 40.
  • Processor 14 may analyze data received by receiver 12 and may be in communication with storage system 15, transferring image data (which may be stored and transferred as for example frame data) or other data to and from storage system 15.
  • Processor 14 may also provide the analyzed data to display 16 where a user may view the images.
  • Display 16 may present or display the data such as, for example, image frame data or video data of, for example, the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract or other body lumen.
  • processor 14 may be configured for real time processing and/or for post processing to be performed. Other monitoring and receiving systems may be used.
  • transmitter 13 and controller 17 may be housed in a receiver that may, for example, be worn by a patient in which device 40 is placed. In some embodiments, transmitter 13 and controller 17 may be housed elsewhere and may be housed separately. For example, controller 17 may be operably connected to receiver 12 such that an external operator who may for example view sensed data on display 16 may activate transmitter 13 to deliver a wireless signal to transceiver 49. Transmitter 13 may typically be connected to and/or in electrical communication with a processor 14. Processor 14 may function, at least partially as a controller and/or include, for example, a controller 17 to process, for example, control commands/instructions to device 40 via transmitter 13.
  • signals other than control commands/instructions may be processed by processor 14 with, for example, controller 17 and transmitted via transmitter 13.
  • controller 17 and processor 14 may be separate units that may be in electrical communication with each other.
  • control commands/instructions generated, for example, by controller 17 may be based on data received by receiver 12 and processed by processor 14.
  • controller 17 may generate commands and/or instructions, based on signals representing measurements received at receiver 12..
  • control commands/instructions generated, by controller 17 may be based on, user input data, for example, a patient or external operator may for example, initiate the transmission of a wireless signal and/or command from, for example, transmitter 13 to transceiver 49.
  • control commands/instructions may be based on both user input data and data receiver and/or processed by processor 14.
  • transceiver 49 may be a half duplex transceiver where the transceiver 49 alternates from transmitting to receiving, e.g. via time division multiple access (TDMA).
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • the transmission rate to the external receiver 12 may be significantly higher than the transmission rate from external transmitter 13 to the transceiver 49.
  • device 40 may transmit, e.g.
  • device 40 may be placed, inserted or ingested into a body lumen such as for example the GI tract or other body lumen.
  • imager 46 may capture images of portions of the body lumen and such images or image data may be transmitted by transceiver 49 to for example receiver 12, where an external operator may view or some other function may analyze the transmitted data.
  • an external operator may use an input device, e.g. keyboard, dial etc. or some other automated or manual function or process to send a command to controller 17 to transmit a wireless signal such as for example a control signal from transmitter 13 to transceiver 49.
  • transceiver 49 and/or controller 47 may issue a command, control or other signal to for example sensor 43, imager 46 or to some other component of device 40.
  • a signal to a particular component of device 40 may be issued by way of or through controller 47.
  • a component or sensor such as for example sensor 43 or imager 46 may be activated, de-activated or may otherwise alter its state of operation.
  • Other actions, functions or processes of device 40 such as for example activation time, light intensity, release of an encapsulated liquid or powder, change in buoyancy, frame capture rate, image resolution, tissue sample collection, transmission power or other auxiliary functions may be activated, deactivated or otherwise altered in response to a signal received by transceiver 49.
  • controller 17 may analyze parameters of the signal received at receiver 12. Such parameters may be, for example, received power, signal quality, frequency offset, modulation index or any other characteristic parameter of the signal. Based on the analysis controller 17 may transmit commands and/or instructions from transmitter 13 to transceiver 49. These commands and/or instructions may be used by controller 47 to improve characteristics of the signal transmitted from transceiver 49 to receiver 12. Improving signal characteristics may include for example, ensuring that signal power is sufficient to guarantee good signal quality at receiver 12, correct modulation index, correct earner frequency and the like. The commands and/or instructions issued by processor 14 with using, for example, controller 17, may be generated both automatically and manually.
  • Power source 45 may include one or more batteries.
  • power source 45 may include silver oxide batteries, lithium batteries, other suitable electrochemical cells having a high energy density, or the like.
  • Other power sources may be used.
  • an external power source may be used to transmit power to device 40.
  • sensor 43 may be or include, for example, pH, temperature, pressure or other physiological parameter sensors. Size and power constraints of typical autonomous in-vivo devices may, for example, restrict the circuitry size and/or reception capability of an in-vivo receiver.
  • spread spectrum communication may be implemented for high power transmission of, for example, a constant envelope signal to an in-vivo device.
  • Fig. 2A showing a constant envelope signal that may be used as a transmission signal to an in-vivo device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a simple amplitude modulated signal may be used during transmission to device 40 to minimize the circuitry required for reception and/or deciphering of the signal transmitted.
  • an amplitude modulated signal may be for example, an on/off keying (OOK) modulation signal 300, with constant frequency carrier signal 350 that may typically be used in short range devices (SRD).
  • OOK on/off keying
  • SRD short range devices
  • Some of the advantages of using an OOK modulation may be that for example, no A/D or digital signal processing (DSP) may be required, OOK modulation may be less sensitive to phase noise and frequency error, and the constant envelope signal serves to transmit power efficiently.
  • each symbol in the OOK may assume one of the two values: a logical 'mark', (e.g. T) or a logical 'space', (e.g., '0').
  • a logical 'mark' e.g. T
  • a logical 'space' e.g., '0'
  • Other encodings and meanings may be used.
  • the transmitter 13 may transmit a carrier signal 350 with a constant frequency, Fc, during the entire mark symbol.
  • Fc constant frequency
  • space 330 the transmitter may not transmit anything.
  • the transceiver 49 may measure during each symbol the received energy and decide if a mark 320 or space 330 may have been transmitted.
  • a schematic diagram of the OOK modulation signal in the frequency domain is shown in Fig. 2B.
  • the transmission power of the mark or symbol may be determined in the frequency domain, for example, by the integral of the spectral density (SD) gain over the bandwidth of the carrier signal 350 using known methods.
  • SD spectral density
  • the typically narrow bandwidth of, for example, signal 300 may limit the total transmission power.
  • Fig. 3A showing schematically an OOK combined with variable frequency signal that may be implemented for transmission of command signals to an in-vivo transceiver 49 according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the transmitter 13 may transmit a variable frequency signal, for example, a chirp signal, with higher mark symbol amplitude as compared to mark symbol amplitude 320 and for a symbol such as space 260 the transmitter may not transmit anything.
  • a variable frequency signal for example, a chirp signal
  • the modulation described by figure 2A may produce a maximal power of -23 [dBm] while the modulation in Fig. 3A which may reach -9 [dBm] under the same regulatory limits.
  • the higher mark symbol amplitude may, for example, compensate for attenuation that may occur through the body tissue.
  • the variable frequency carrier signal may, for example, serve to diffuse the spectral density over a larger range of frequencies.
  • Transmitted carrier frequency 250 may be a variable frequency carrier that may range, for example, between 3-10 MHz. Other suitable ranges may be used. The corresponding frequency domain of this signal is shown schematically in Fig. 3B.
  • Introducing a variable or wide band carrier frequency 250 may serve to increase the total transmission power while maintaining a specified (or required, e.g., by regulation standards) spectral density power, e.g. such as the spectral density power shown in Fig. 2B.
  • the extra power may be obtained, for example, by increasing the bandwidth of the carrier signal in the frequency domain. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, it may be possible to increase the total transmission power to a desired level as long as the bandwidth may be increased in the same proportion.
  • the transmitted signal may have low requirements on frequency stability and phase noise, since such a receiver may consider only the amplitude and may disregard the frequency component of the carrier signal.
  • the use of a single frequency or varying frequencies may have the same effect as long as the total power may be the same.
  • An additional advantage to such an embodiment may be that a narrow (band pass filter) BPF typically requiring substantial circuitry, may not be required.
  • commands/instructions signals received with wide input bandwidth may be deciphered, for example, as may be described herein.
  • CPFSK continuous phase frequency shift keying
  • the bit rate may be increased by for example, increasing the symbol rate.
  • Other suitable signals may be used to transmit command signals using spread spectrum communication.
  • a component such as for example, an I/Q modulator 510 may be used to create a wide bandwidth and/or spread spectrum carrier signal.
  • the signal may be amplified by amplifier 520 to a desired gain. Amplifying the signal to the desired gain may facilitate reception of the signal in-vivo despite attenuation.
  • a switch 530 may be used to create a mark space modulated signal.
  • Other methods and/or components such as, for example, a scrambler, may be used to generate a signal having a spread spectrum.
  • a transmitter such as transmitter 13 may transmit a variable frequency signal, which may be, for example, a chirp signal as depicted in Fig. 4A. Generating a variable frequency having a chirp pattern may be referred to as frequency sweep.
  • the frequency of the chirp signal or other signal may vary symmetrically around a carrier frequency (Fc), e.g., 13.56MHz ⁇ 15OkHz.
  • the chirp signal may increase in frequency, (e.g., up-chirp) 401 or decrease in frequency (e.g., down-chirp), 402 each representing a logical statement at the transceiver 49 as depicted in Fig. 4B.
  • Fig. 4B depicts the up-chirp 403, which may represent a logical '0' or space and the down-chirp 404, which may represent a logical T or 'mark' at, for example, transceiver 49.
  • Other encodings and meanings may be used.
  • Using the chirp signal or another variable frequency carrier signal may, for example, serve to diffuse the spectral density over a large range of frequencies.
  • the data signal may be a constant envelope signal, which may be generated easily.
  • the speed of the frequency sweep may be changed over certain bands. For example, slowing down the frequency sweep in the down-chirp signal near Fc, may result in transmitting more power in this band.
  • the modulation structure using a chirp signal may be similar to Manchester coding as known in the art. Therefore, the modulation structure may be invariant to frequency shifts, which may improve the performance of the communication. Other variable frequency methods may be used.
  • Fig. 6 showing schematically a block diagram of the circuitry for the receiver 600 of the transceiver 49 in, for example, an in-vivo device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver 600 may be a typical fixed gain non-coherent OOK receiver that may typically be used, for example, in short range devices (SRD(s)) to receive commands/instructions in the form of a constant symbol envelope signal.
  • SRD(s) short range devices
  • other suitable receivers or components in the receiver 600 circuitry may be used and/or other suitable signals besides OOK modulated signals may be received.
  • a band pass filter (BPF) 610 may be implemented to limit the noise (and/or select the expected carrier frequency (Fc) of the signal) and an envelope detector (620) may be implemented for detecting marks 320 and spaces 330 of the received signal.
  • BPF band pass filter
  • Fc expected carrier frequency
  • 620 envelope detector
  • the BPF may be naturally provided by antenna 48.
  • Antenna 48 may be an inductor in parallel to some capacitance that may function as a BPF.
  • the center carrier frequency (Fc) may be adjusted by controlling the capacity parallel to the antenna.
  • a BPF other than the antenna may be included.
  • Typical envelope detectors may include suitable log amplifiers and/or suitable diode and RC circuits.
  • One or more low-pass filters (LPF) 630 may be introduced for smoothing effect, and thresholding 640 may be implemented for deciding if the symbol is mark (above threshold) or space (below threshold).
  • the LPF may be, for example, a typical integrate and dump unit for eliminating the noise from the envelope. Other suitable methods of smoothing may be implemented.
  • receiver 600 may be a logarithmic amplifier receiver, demodulator receiver, IF receiver, or other suitable receiver.
  • the signal rate transmitted to the transceiver 49 may be in the order of approximately 10-30 Kbits/s and thus may typically require a BPF of the same order as the receiver.
  • BPF the same order as the receiver.
  • a much wider BPF, for example, a 3-10 MHz filter, that may be implemented may not be suitable for narrow band signal since it may receive along with the transmitted signal a lot of noise and interferences.
  • a transmission signal and transmitter may be provided that may be suitable for transmitting a low data rate, e.g.
  • each symbol may be composed of a Barker or PN sequence of narrow OOK chips or pulses.
  • Other sequences may be used such as for example the sequence shown in Fig. 7 where a mark may be represented by, for example a '0101' sequence of pulses while a space may be represented by a '1010' sequence of pulses.
  • Other suitable sequences may be used to distinguish between marks and spaces.
  • the width of the pulses in the time domain may be inversely proportional to the width of the bandwidth in the frequency domain.
  • the wide bandwidth may be obtained by implementing a series of narrow pulses in the time domain.
  • 10 MHz bandwidth may require pulses of 100 ns each.
  • Multiple pulses may facilitate better correlation to determine more accurately the beginning and end of a symbol.
  • One or more symbols composed of a sequence of narrow OOK signals are shown in Fig. 7.
  • a synthesizer (810) may be implemented to generate a constant carrier frequency.
  • the earner frequency may be, for example, adjusted, e.g. amplified and/or attenuated to the desired amplitude level.
  • the pulses may be generated using an on/off switch.
  • other suitable components may be used and other suitable methods of generating pulses may be implemented.
  • Fig. 9 showing a block diagram of the circuitry that may be required for reception of OOK pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver may be a typical On/Off Keying (OOK) receiver with additional circuitry to identify if a symbol is 'mark' or 'space'.
  • OOK On/Off Keying
  • the digital add-on may include a '0' correlation block 930 and ' 1' correlation block 940.
  • the '0' correlation block 930 and ' 1 ' correlation block 940 may be used to identify the pulses and correlate the sequence of pulses and/or chips.
  • the symbol may be determined as either a mark symbol or a space symbol. Other suitable methods implementing spread spectrum communication may be used.
  • the receiver part of transceiver 49 may be a demodulator receiver.
  • a voltage controlled oscillator 105 (VCO) of the transmitter part of transceiver 49 may be used as a demodulator during reception.
  • the transmitter's VCO may be activated in (constant wave) CW mode without modulation. Since the same antenna may be used for both transmission and receiving.
  • the VCO 105 may, for example, serve as a front-end receiver for the received signal.
  • the received signal frequency may be required to be outside the PLL bandwidth ( ⁇ 1 OkHz) to avoid attenuation by the synthesizer loop.
  • the receiver signal frequency may need to be maintained close to the synthesizer frequency so that the VCO 105 amplification capabilities may be implemented.
  • the VCO 105 may, for example, be used to amplify the received signal.
  • the non-linearity inherent to the VCO 105 may serve a mixer between the CW and the receiver signal.
  • Fig. 10 showing the circuitry that may be implemented in a demodulator receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a demodulator receiver may be included in, for example, transceiver 49.
  • the circuitry may include, for example, a low noise amplifier 1 15, a non-linear device 120, a band pass filter 125 (BPF), a logarithmic amplifier 130, an integrator 135 and a threshold check method and/or system 140 resulting in output data 145.
  • non-linear device 120 may be required if, for example, non-linearity of the VCO 105 may not be high enough.
  • Nonlinear device 120 which may be, for example, a RC and diode circuit, may be used for demodulation.
  • the non-linearity of VCO 105 may be high enough and VCO 105 may serve as a mixer ⁇ vhere the low frequency product may be taken from a varactor bridge of VCO 105 (the varactor bridge may receive the output of the loop filter). In that case the non-linear device in Fig. 10 may be redundant.
  • the demodulated signal may be filtered using a BPF 125 and may go through a logarithmic amplifier 130 as may be described herein.
  • the BPF 125 may be replaced by a LPF, for example, when there may be no DC component in the output of non-linear device 120.
  • logarithmic amplifier 130 may be replaced by a simple RC and diode or hard limiter detector, for example, when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) may be high enough.
  • Advantages of the demodulator receiver may be that very few additional blocks may be required to provide reception capability to a transmitting in-vivo device. Another advantage may be that there may be no need for high gain amplifiers and that the logarithmic amplifier may operate in the IF frequency. Other components and methods for providing a demodulating amplifier may be implemented.
  • Fig. 1 1 describing a modified FSK modulation scheme in the frequency domain according to another embodiment of the present invention. For transmission of ' 1 ' symbol 325 a wideband signal located in frequencies above the carrier frequency may be transmitted.
  • a wideband signal located in frequencies below the carrier frequency may be transmitted.
  • the 'O" and " F symbol may be confined to the system bandwidth 301.
  • the wideband signal for '0' and T may be switched, other ranges of frequencies may be used for transmission of '0' and T, or other suitable methods using FSK modulation may be used.
  • the wideband signal may be created using several techniques.
  • a chirp signal may be used.
  • the chirp signal may be defined, for example, as a constant envelope signal with a linear sweep of frequencies.
  • the range of frequency sweep may be, for example, chosen according to the bandwidth of the system 301.
  • the frequency sweep range may change, for example, according to the symbol transmitted.
  • the demodulator may have to decide whether the frequency transmitted may be either above or below the carrier frequency or other specified frequency.
  • the FSK receiver may be a FSK receiver that may be used for both regular and modified FSK modulation schemes. Other suitable FSK receivers may be used. Reference is now made to Fig. 12 showing a hard limiter receiver structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Such a receiver may be included in, for example, transceiver 49.
  • the receiver may be based on a standard synthesizer circuit where a coil of a VCO 905 may serve as an antenna 906 while VCO 905 itself may be disconnected.
  • a receiver 901 may count the zero crossings of the received signal during each symbol (335, 325). The number of zero crossings may be compared with a threshold to reach a binary decision.
  • the gain required may be minimal, for example, a gain which may allow a hard limiter 912 to operate.
  • An advantage of this embodiment may be that a counter 915 may be implemented using the synthesizer dividers which may already exist. It may be possible to simplify the scheme even further by dividing the output of the hard limiter 912 by a constant before counting the results.
  • Another possibility may be to use existing units of the synthesizer even more. Assume that for " I' symbol 325 we transmit a frequency which may be above the carrier frequency and for ⁇ 0' symbol 335 we transmit a frequency which may be below the carrier frequency. If the synthesizer may be operating except for VCO 905 than the charge pump may push the voltage over the loop filter either up for '0' or down for ' 1'. Hence a threshold 920 over the differential voltage of the loop filter may be used for the binary decision. The comparison frequency may be raised to decrease the limit cycle phenomena that may occur when the frequencies used are too far from the carrier frequency.
  • One advantage of this embodiment may be its very simple structure.
  • LNA low-noise-amplifier
  • Size and power constraints of typical autonomous in-vivo devices may, for example, restrict the circuitry size and/or reception capability of an in-vivo receiver.
  • spread spectrum communication may be implemented for high power transmission of, for example, a constant envelope signal to an in-vivo device.
  • a component such as for example an I/Q modulator 710 may, for example, be used to create a wide bandwidth and/or spread spectrum carrier signal, the signal may be amplified or attenuated (720) to a desired gain, for example, to a gain that will facilitate reception in-vivo despite attenuation.
  • Other methods may be used to generate an FSK modulated signal with a wideband spectrum.
  • transceiver 49 may be a single integrated circuit providing both reception and transmission of wireless signals.
  • Transceiver 49 may operate using radio waves, but in some embodiments, other wireless transmission media may be used. In some embodiments transceiver 49 may receive wireless signals on a particular frequency and may transmit wireless signals on such same frequency. In such or other cases, for example, the transmission of wireless signals by for example transmitter 13 may alternate in time with the transmission of wireless signals by transceiver 49 so that such two components may not transmit at the same time.
  • reception of wireless signals by transceiver 49 may be programmed to occur during any idle transmission time, for example, during the period when illumination source 42 may be illuminating an in-vivo area. In other embodiments other periods of idle transmission may be used for reception of wireless signals. In other embodiments of the present invention, the period of reception may be shorter or longer than the period of illumination or may occur at other suitable periods, other than the period of illumination.
  • transceiver 49 may transmit a beacon or other transmission request signal at various intervals to indicate to, for example, receiver 12 that transceiver 49 is ready to receive a transmission. According to some embodiments of the invention, transceiver 49 may receive wireless transmission on a different frequency than the frequency used for transceiver 49 transmission.
  • both transmitter 13 and transceiver 47 may transmit at the same time using different frequencies and implementing, for example, a full-duplex communication.
  • a series of symbols may form a packet, which may be sent after each activation and/or trigger of the downlink channel.
  • a parsing algorithm may lead to a parsed structure of the packet.
  • the length of the packets may vary and may be specified in a packet preamble.
  • a simple automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme similar to, for example, TCP/IP protocol may be included to provide high reliability in the communication channel.
  • a cyclical redundancy code (CRC) may be provided by the transmitter 13 for confirmation.
  • the transceiver 49 may acknowledge the transmitter 13 if a message was transmitted correctly. In case of failure the message may be retransmitted until successful or some arbitrary timeout expires. Other suitable methods of confirmation may be used. In other embodiments of the present invention, confirmation may not be implemented.
  • wireless signals transmitted from transmitter 13 to transceiver 49 may be modulated with amplitude modulation. Alternatively or in addition, frequency modulation may be used for transmitting such or other signals to or from device 49.
  • a wireless signal may be received by a transceiver in an in-vivo device.
  • such wireless signal may be or may include a control or command signal in response to which for example an operations state of such in-vivo device may be activated, deactivated or otherwise altered.
  • such wireless signal may be modulated using amplitude modulation and may be transmitted from an external transmitter using a non-continuous and high- resolution signal.
  • the command or control information that is received by the transceiver may be or may include a small amount of information and may have been transmitted from an external receiver at a very low transmission rate such as for example between 1-10 kbits. Other rates may be used.
  • another wireless signal may be transmitted by for example the transceiver in such in-vivo device.
  • Such other wireless signal may be or include sensed data collected by such in-vivo sensing device, such as for example image data of the GI tract.
  • the wireless data of block 1420 may also include a reply including for example an acknowledgement that the signal of block 1410 has been received.
  • a wireless signal that is received by the transceiver may have been transmitted on the same radio frequency as the wireless signal that is transmitted by the transceiver.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur in vivo autonome qui comprend un émetteur récepteur pouvant par exemple émettre des signaux radio en direction d'un récepteur externe. Dans certains modes de réalisation, les signaux radio reçus par un tel dispositif peuvent comprendre des signaux de régulation ou de commande, activant, désactivant, ou modifiant le mode de fonctionnement d'un ou de plusieurs composants du capteur.
PCT/IL2005/001289 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Transmission bilaterale dans un capteur in vivo autonome WO2006059331A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/791,978 US20080193139A1 (en) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Two-Way Communication in an Autonomous in Vivo Device
DE112005003031T DE112005003031T5 (de) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Zweiwegekommunikation in einer autonomen Vorrichtung im lebenden Organismus
JP2007544009A JP2008521539A (ja) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 自律式生体内装置内における双方向通信
EP05813142A EP1836589A2 (fr) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Transmission bilaterale dans un capteur in vivo autonome

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63185804P 2004-12-01 2004-12-01
US60/631,858 2004-12-01
US63688104P 2004-12-20 2004-12-20
US60/636,881 2004-12-20

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WO2006059331A3 WO2006059331A3 (fr) 2007-06-28

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US8615284B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2013-12-24 Innurvation, Inc. Method for acoustic information exchange involving an ingestible low power capsule
US8588887B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2013-11-19 Innurvation, Inc. Ingestible low power sensor device and system for communicating with same
US8512241B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2013-08-20 Innurvation, Inc. Methods and systems for acoustic data transmission
JP2008300916A (ja) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-11 Panasonic Corp 送受信用モジュール
EP2057589A4 (fr) * 2007-06-08 2011-10-19 Lg Innotek Co Ltd Étiquette, lecteur et système rfid
WO2008150147A1 (fr) 2007-06-08 2008-12-11 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd Étiquette, lecteur et système rfid
US8292175B2 (en) 2007-06-08 2012-10-23 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Tag device, reader device, and RFID system
EP2057589A1 (fr) * 2007-06-08 2009-05-13 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Étiquette, lecteur et système rfid
EP2174581A4 (fr) * 2007-07-24 2014-10-15 Olympus Medical Systems Corp Unité de réception
US9655500B2 (en) 2007-07-24 2017-05-23 Olympus Corporation Receiving device
EP2174581A1 (fr) * 2007-07-24 2010-04-14 Olympus Medical Systems Corporation Unité de réception
US9730336B2 (en) 2007-10-01 2017-08-08 Innurvation, Inc. System for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device
US8869390B2 (en) 2007-10-01 2014-10-28 Innurvation, Inc. System and method for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device
US9197470B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2015-11-24 Innurvation, Inc. Data transmission via multi-path channels using orthogonal multi-frequency signals with differential phase shift keying modulation
US9769004B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2017-09-19 Innurvation, Inc. Data transmission via multi-path channels using orthogonal multi-frequency signals with differential phase shift keying modulation
EP2113188A1 (fr) 2008-04-30 2009-11-04 Given Imaging Ltd. Système et procédés pour la détermination d'un arrêt de procédure
US8406490B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2013-03-26 Given Imaging Ltd. System and methods for determination of procedure termination
EP2119392A2 (fr) 2008-05-15 2009-11-18 Given Imaging Ltd. Dispositif, système et procédé pour manýuvrer magnétiquement un dispositif in vivo
US8617058B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2013-12-31 Innurvation, Inc. Displaying image data from a scanner capsule
US9351632B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2016-05-31 Innurvation, Inc. Displaying image data from a scanner capsule
US9788708B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2017-10-17 Innurvation, Inc. Displaying image data from a scanner capsule
US9192353B2 (en) 2009-10-27 2015-11-24 Innurvation, Inc. Data transmission via wide band acoustic channels
DE112010004507B4 (de) 2009-11-20 2023-05-25 Given Imaging Ltd. System und Verfahren zur Steuerung des Stromverbrauchs einer In-vivo-Vorrichtung
DE112010004507T5 (de) 2009-11-20 2013-01-17 Given Imaging Ltd. System und Verfahren zur Steuerung des Stromverbrauchs einer In-vivo-Vorrichtung
US9750400B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2017-09-05 Given Imaging Ltd. System and method for controlling power consumption of an in vivo device
US8647259B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2014-02-11 Innurvation, Inc. Ultrasound scanning capsule endoscope (USCE)
US9480459B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-11-01 Innurvation, Inc. Ultrasound scanning capsule endoscope
EP2859831A4 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2016-06-29 Olympus Corp Dispositif d'endoscope du type capsule, dispositif de réception et système d'endoscope du type capsule

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EP1836589A2 (fr) 2007-09-26
WO2006059331A3 (fr) 2007-06-28
JP2008521539A (ja) 2008-06-26

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