WO2006058995A2 - Oxyde poreux mesostructure multifonctionnalise - Google Patents
Oxyde poreux mesostructure multifonctionnalise Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006058995A2 WO2006058995A2 PCT/FR2005/002967 FR2005002967W WO2006058995A2 WO 2006058995 A2 WO2006058995 A2 WO 2006058995A2 FR 2005002967 W FR2005002967 W FR 2005002967W WO 2006058995 A2 WO2006058995 A2 WO 2006058995A2
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/0308—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- B01J2229/12—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to alter the outside of the crystallites, e.g. selectivation
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- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/86—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by NMR- or ESR-data
Definitions
- the present invention relates to multifunctional mesostructured porous oxides, especially useful as heterogeneous catalysts, and a process for their preparation.
- heterogeneous catalysts that combine performance, selectivity, stability and regeneration.
- heterogeneous catalysts having a high density of active sites and a porous morphology to optimize the diffusion to these sites.
- mesostructured and porous materials having a uniform and adjustable pore size has allowed a considerable advance in this field. These materials are obtained by polycondensation, sol-gel, in the presence of surfactant, through a self-assembly.
- the pore size of these materials is sufficient to accommodate organic or organometallic functional groups.
- These hybrid materials are therefore interesting because they combine the stability of an inorganic framework with the possibility of a molecular design of active sites.
- the functional groups may be introduced during the synthesis or by post-synthetic modification. It is particularly desirable to produce materials in which the functions are accessible and distributed and regularly spaced.
- the patent application WO 02/16267 describes the surface modification of a mesostructured porous silica obtained by synthesis in a basic medium.
- the surface hydroxyl groups are partially protected by surfactant molecules prior to silylation.
- the regular arrangement of the surfactant molecules generated by the electrostatic repulsion of their positively charged heads is assumed to play the role of a molecular cache, to control the location of silyl groups.
- control concerns both the nature, the distance and the number of neighboring functions.
- the different functions are distributed randomly or remotely in these materials.
- the aim of the invention is then to propose a process for preparing a multifunctionalized mesoporous oxide, in which the different chemical functions are distributed in a controlled manner, thus creating a well-defined chemical neighborhood.
- the proposed preparation process is rapid and can be implemented under mild conditions.
- the present invention takes advantage of the molecular cache principle developed for basic TS + type interfaces. Unexpectedly, it turned out that it was possible to apply this principle to acid interfaces of type I + X “ S + and I + S " . On these interfaces, it is possible to use chlorinated silyl compounds, readily available and reactive.
- the method thus makes it possible to carry out one or more additional functionalization steps, thus offering multiple possibilities of combinations.
- the chemical functions introduced can be very diverse in nature depending on the intended application. It may be, for example, acidic, basic, oxidizing, reducing, complexing or chiral functions.
- the materials thus obtained then have the following properties: a well-defined porosity in the nanometric range;
- porous is intended to mean a material comprising cavities allowing the movement of fluids or gas.
- the porosity of a material is characterized in particular by the pore size, its dispersion, and the pore volume.
- the term “mesostructured” is intended to mean a material that has a periodic structure at the nanoscale, ie between 1 and 50 nm.
- precursor is intended to mean any molecular reagent which, by chemical reaction, in particular with air or a solvent, or thermally, and more particularly by hydrolysis, conducts an oxide to a material in the present context.
- precursor solution is intended to mean a surfactant solution in which the surfactant molecules are organized, generally so as to form spheres called micelles in which the surfactant molecules are oriented in a manner similar to the surface in question. imposing by the length of their hydrophobic carbon chain a size defined in the micelle.
- the invention therefore relates to a process for manufacturing a multifunctionalized mesostructured porous oxide comprising the steps of: a) acid polycondensing an oxide precursor in a micellar solution of ionic surfactant leading by self-assembly to a porous mesostructured oxide containing surfactant micelles; b) separating the oxide formed from the reaction mixture; c) allowing the oxide containing surfactant micelles to react with a first functionalized agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the accessible OH groups of the oxide; d) at least partially removing the surfactant from the functionalized oxide; e) allowing the oxide to react with a second functionalized agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the OH groups released from the oxide; f) repeating
- Silica is a particularly preferred oxide, particularly because of its strength. However, the process can be extended to the preparation of more fragile porous materials.
- the oxide may therefore be more generally a metal or non-metallic oxide, mixed or pure.
- metal oxide mention may in particular be made of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
- mixed oxides mention may in particular be made of silica-alumina.
- the oxide precursor is a compound that decomposes under the conditions of the process into the oxide, such as compounds capable of hydrolysis.
- the oxide precursor is an alcoholate or a metal chloride.
- the preferred precursor is tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS).
- the polycondensation reaction of the oxide precursor is of the sol-gel type. It is conducted in solution containing surfactant organized in the form of micelles. The choice of surfactant and its conditions of use determines both the porous structure, the pore size and the specific surface area.
- the pore size of the oxide prepared is primarily a function of the chain length of the alkyl group of the surfactant.
- cetyltrimethylammonium bromide makes it possible, for example, to obtain a solid with a pore diameter of approximately 3 nm.
- An increase in concentration generally favors an ordered cubic or lamellar form to the detriment of a hexagonal form.
- the ionic surfactant may be chosen from ionic, cationic (S + ) or anionic (S + ) surfactants, capable of forming a micellar solution in a polar solvent.
- These surfactants comprise in particular, among the cationic surfactants, the ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium and, among the anionic surfactants, the salts of carboxylates and sulfonates bearing respectively at least one aliphatic group. Typically, the aliphatic group has 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts bearing one or two aliphatic groups containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms, the quaternary phosphonium salts bearing one or two aliphatic groups containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms. carboxylate salts having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and sulphonate salts having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic groups are preferably selected from straight saturated alkyl groups.
- the quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula are suitable
- X represents fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, tosylate, nitrate, sulfate, and R 4, R 5, Re and R 7 may be indifferently selected from straight and branched alkyls and alkenyls, cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, aryls, optionally substituted, for example with an optionally fluorinated alkyl group.
- surfactants include, in particular, tetramethylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium and benzyltrimethylammonium salts.
- the micellar solution comprises a polar solvent, such as water, alcohols, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or a mixture thereof, preferably chosen from water, alcohols and acetonitrile.
- a micellar solution with water as a solvent is particularly preferred.
- the micellar solution further comprises an organic solvent, preferably a polar solvent, as cosolvent.
- co-solvent means a solvent present to a lesser extent, generally from 1 to 40% by volume, in particular from 5 to to 20% by volume relative to the total solvent present in the reaction mixture.
- the cosolvent is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of straight, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic mono-, di- or polyalcohols; straight, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic ethers; straight, branched and cyclic, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic amines, amides and nitriles; esters of carboxylic acids with one of the abovementioned alcohols; straight, branched and cyclic, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic alkyl sulfoxides and mixtures thereof. More specifically, the cosolvent is selected from the group consisting of
- Ethanol ethylene glycol, tetraglyme, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran, ether, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, methylformamide, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide and mixtures thereof.
- the specialist is able, depending on the needs and conditions chosen, to adapt and select the appropriate equipment to carry out the reaction.
- step a) is carried out in acidic medium by acid catalysis at a pH below the isoelectric point of the oxide in formation.
- step a) is preferably carried out at a pH of 0 to 6.
- the polycondensation is advantageously carried out at a pH of less than 2.
- micellar solution leads by self-assembly to a porous mesostructured oxide containing micelles of surfactant.
- the molar ratio between the oxide precursor and the micellar solution in step a) is critical for the morphology of the prepared solid.
- it is chosen so as to form a mesostructured solid of hexagonal or cubic symmetry.
- the ratio of oxide precursors to surfactant may range from 1 to 20, preferably from 5 to 15 and most preferably from 7 to 9.
- step a) can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 4 to 200 ° C., preferably between 15 and 100 ° C., and most preferably at room temperature.
- the pressure during step a) can be between 1 and 30 bar, preferably between 1 and 5 bar.
- the duration of the reaction is variable and depends in particular on the reactivity of the precursor of the oxide. Generally, however, the reaction is complete within a few hours at room temperature.
- the solid is separated from the reaction mixture.
- the separation can be carried out by one of the usual liquid solid separation techniques, for example by means of filtration.
- the recovered porous oxide is dried, as is known per se, for example by dynamic vacuum or by inert gas sweeping.
- the duration of the drying is typically from 1 to
- the drying temperature is generally between 15 and 150 ° C., preferably between 20 and 80 ° C.
- the solid obtained does not require aging in an autoclave at temperatures above 70 ° C. to ensure the stability of its ordered structure.
- the solid obtained can be characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis infrared spectroscopy, multi-core nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H, 13 C, 29 Si) and thermogravimetry.
- the first three techniques make it possible to check the macroscopic properties such as the ordered structure of the pores, the specific surface and the pore size distribution, the mass distribution "water-organic matter-inorganic matter" and, for the fourth, the empirical formula. elementary.
- the following techniques make it possible to probe the molecular properties of the solid-liquid or solid-gas interface.
- Step c) makes it possible to introduce a first functionality in the porous mesostructured oxide obtained.
- the oxide containing surfactant micelles it consists in allowing the oxide containing surfactant micelles to react with a functionalized agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the accessible OH groups of the oxide. It is therefore important that the surfactant molecules are maintained within the pores. In order to optimize the spatial control of the functions introduced into the porous oxide, it is therefore preferable to choose the solvent and, more generally, the reaction conditions, taking into account this criterion.
- the functionalized agent is intended to introduce a functionality by reaction with a group present on the surface of the pores without moving the surfactant molecules present in the vicinity. As mentioned above, it also has the effect of consolidating the porous solid.
- the functionalized agent (s) may advantageously be organosilyl compounds.
- the molecule released by this reaction preserves surfactant molecules acting as a molecular cache. It is by moreover preferably it does not interact with the electrical interface between surfactant molecules and positively charged surface hydroxyl groups.
- the released molecule be neutral or acidic, preferably acidic.
- the functionalizing agents of the family of organosiloxanes which give off water during the reaction with the hydroxyl groups, and in particular the organochlorosilanes, which release the hydrochloric acid, are in this context of particular interest. These are also preferred because they have a more polar character and greater reactivity.
- the functionalized agent may comprise a chiral function or a function capable of acting as a ligand.
- the functionalizing compound is an organochlorosilane of formula:
- R 1 R 2 R 3 Si-Cl in which R 1, R 2 and R 3 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkyl and alkenyl groups and aryl groups, optionally substituted with one or several functions alcohol, amine, imine, halide, nitro, thiol, phosphino, cyano, alkoxy, carboxy, ester and / or acetylacetonato.
- R3 and / or R 2 is a chlorine atom. It is also preferred that
- R 1 and optionally R 2 are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably methyl.
- the organochlorosilane may be chosen from the group consisting of trimethylchlorosilane, phenyldimethylchlorosilane, propyldimethylchlorosilane, ethyldimethylchlorosilane, vinyldimethylchlorosilane, octyldimethylchlorosilane, dodecyldimethylchlorosilane and diphenylmethylchlorosilane .
- the dichlorosilanes and trichlorosilanes of the R 1 R 2 SiCl 2 and R 1 SiCl 3 type may also be suitable.
- the preferred functionalizing agent being of organochlorosilane type R 1 R 2 RaSiCl and more particularly chosen from the class of organodimethylchlorosilanes of formula R 1 (CHs) 2 SiCl.
- organosiloxane compounds may also be used as the functionalizing agent. These compounds, however, react more difficult by opening their siloxane bridge Si-O-Si. The reaction releases water, which does not change the pH and therefore does not affect the charge density on the oxide ensuring the retention of the surfactant acting as molecular cache.
- the functionalizing agent can therefore be an organosiloxane of general formula: wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are independently of each other as defined above.
- the solvent allowing the solution of the functionalizing agent to be dissolved is preferably not very polar so as to avoid the displacement of the surfactant molecules.
- the reaction of the oxide with the functionalized agent is carried out in an aprotic apolar solvent.
- the solvent may be selected from the group consisting of petroleum ethers, optionally alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, straight, branched or cyclic alkanes and alkenes having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents include toluene, benzene, xylenes, cyclohexane, n-hexane, and more generally substituted alkanes and aryls, with toluene being most preferred.
- the functionalization reaction is carried out on the solid resulting from step b) at temperatures between 4 and 200 ° C. and preferably at temperatures ranging from 15 to 110 ° C.
- reaction it is preferred to carry out the reaction at low temperature, and particularly at room temperature, in order to further preserve surfactant molecules acting as a molecular cache.
- the functionalized solid obtained is characterized by the same techniques described above.
- the retention rate of the surfactant molecules inside the pores is controlled by quantitative determination of the reaction medium after filtration.
- this assay involves precipitation by potassium dichromate.
- step d) consists in totally or partially removing the surfactant from the functionalized oxide.
- the complete removal of the surfactant will be carried out.
- the molecular cache is removed using a solvent, thus releasing the surface hydroxyl groups, which will then be available for reaction with a functionalizing agent in the next step.
- the functionalized porous solid is then treated either by successive washings of several cycles, preferably three, or by continuous extraction in the presence of a polar solvent.
- polar solvent there may be mentioned, for example, alcohols, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or their mixtures, ethanol being preferred.
- the washes are carried out at temperatures of 10 to 110 0 C, preferably 20 to 85 0 C, a low temperature being preferred.
- Maintaining the solid structuring integrity can be controlled at this step by X-ray diffraction.
- the efficiency of the removal of the molecular cache can be demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy.
- the amount of surfactant released is determined by assaying with potassium dichromate as previously mentioned.
- the molecular cache is partially removed only. This will make it possible to free some of the hydroxyl groups to carry out the second functionalization and preserve another part available for subsequent functionalizations.
- the total removal of the surfactant can be carried out with a polar solvent.
- the polar solvent may especially be chosen from the group consisting of C 1 to C 4 alcohols, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide and mixtures thereof. According to one embodiment, the total elimination of the surfactant is carried out by repeated washing with a polar solvent.
- the washing is carried out at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 60 ° C.
- Partial removal of the surfactant can also be achieved by a single wash with a polar solvent.
- This polar solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of dioxane, C5 to C10 alcohols and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent used for the partial and total elimination is identical, the total elimination being obtained by successive washings.
- step e) of the process the oxide is allowed to react with a second functionalized agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the OH groups released in the previous step.
- This step is performed analogously to step c), adapting, if necessary, the conditions to the nature of the functionalized agent selected.
- Step f) repeats steps d) and e) for each additional functionality with an appropriate functionalized agent.
- step g) is performed to ensure complete removal of the remaining surfactant, as described above.
- step h) consists in recovering the multifunctionalized mesostructured porous oxide obtained from the reaction mixture by separation techniques known per se.
- the introduced functions can then optionally be modified chemically and selectively while keeping the initial uniform distribution, thus offering a great flexibility of choice in the desired properties according to the intended applications.
- the described method has the following main advantages:
- the invention therefore relates to a multifunctionalized mesostructured porous oxide obtainable by the method described above.
- the invention relates to the use of a multifunctionalized mesostructured porous oxide as described for selective adsorption by molecular recognition, multifunctional catalysis, selective separation, chromatography, combinatorial chemistry or the remediation of metals.
- Fig. 1 an X-ray diffractogram of solids prepared according to the example: (a) 1; (b) 7; (c) 8;
- Fig. 2 an IR spectrum of solids prepared according to Examples 1, 2 and 3; Fig. 3: a spectrum. IR solids prepared according to Examples 1, 7 and 8; Fig. 4: an X-ray diffractogram of solids prepared according to the example: (a) 4; (b) 9; (c) 10;
- Fig. 5 an IR spectrum of solids prepared according to example 4, 5 and 6
- Fig. 6 an IR spectrum of solids prepared according to example 4, 9 and 10;
- Fig. 7 a nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm of the solid prepared according to Example 3.
- Fig. 8 a nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm of the solid prepared according to Example 6;
- Fig. 9 a CP-MAS 13 C NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 6
- Fig. 10 a CP-MAS 29 Si NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 6
- Fig. 11 a CP-MAS 13 C NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 8;
- Fig. 12 a CP-MAS 29 Si NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 8
- Fig. 13 a CP-MAS 13 C NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 10
- Fig. 14 a CP-MAS 29 Si NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 10;
- Fig. 15 an X-ray diffractogram of the solid prepared according to the example: (a) 4; (b) 9; (c) 10; (d) 11; Fig. 16: a CP-MAS 13 C NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 11; and
- Fig. 17 a CP-MAS 29 Si NMR of the solid prepared according to Example 11.
- This example describes the preparation of a SBA-3 type silica with a 2D hexagonal structure (honeycomb structure) according to the literature (Huo et al., Chem Mater 1994, 6, 1176) from a gel of the following molar composition: tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) 1, 00
- the gel was prepared on the basis of a scale from 1, 5-10 '2 molar silicon.
- the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in water and 37% hydrochloric acid at 40 ° C. It is allowed to cool to 25 ° C., then the tetraethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise over a period of five hours. at ten minutes, with stirring. The crystal clear solution trouble immediately. The polycondensation reaction is then continued for three hours at 25 ° C., with stirring.
- the powder obtained is then filtered, washed with distilled water and dried in air.
- the yield of the reaction based on half of the mass of silica obtained relative to the mass of TEOS introduced, varies between 60 and 70%.
- the solids obtained are denoted silica R1 and silica R2. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( Figure 1) and infrared spectroscopy ( Figures 2 and 3). The diffractograms of the two silicas are characterized by the presence of three peaks, between 1 and 10 ° in scale 2 ⁇ , respectively at 35.6, 20.8 and 18.1 ⁇ , characteristics of mesophases with hexagonal structure.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the two solids contains the characteristic bands of silica ( ⁇ a si-o ⁇ 900 and 1300 cm -1 , ⁇ S io ⁇ 750 and 850 cm -1 ; ⁇ a 0 -s ⁇ -o ⁇ 400 and 650 cm -1 ) and those typical of CTAB ( ⁇ C -H ⁇ 2900 and 3100 cm -1 , ⁇ C -H ⁇ 1400 and 1550 cm -1 ).
- CTAB that was not incorporated in the pores of the material during the synthesis is quantitatively assayed by potassium dichromate precipitation, carried out as follows.
- a silica (0.702 g) obtained according to Example 1 is suspended in toluene (15 ml) previously dried over P 2 O 5 .
- Via a syringe 3 ml of trimethylchlorosilane (TIVISCI, 0.024 mol) are then introduced dropwise into the suspension.
- the reaction mixture is heated at 55 ° C for a period of 3 hours, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere. After reaction, the solid is filtered on a frit maintained under nitrogen, washed
- the solid thus functionalized, noted R1-TMS silica is characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.
- the X-ray diffractogram indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the functionalization step without a significant change in the intensity of the peak d (100) to 35 ⁇ .
- the infrared spectrum (FIG. 2), in addition to the characteristic bands of silica and CTAB, has new bands at 2960 and 852 cm -1 , attributed to the trimethylsilane moiety.
- the residue is taken up in water and the CTAB, which was optionally extracted during this functionalization step, is quantitatively determined by precipitation with potassium dichromate as described in Example 1. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.
- a trimethylchlorosilane functionalized silica (0.652 g) prepared according to Example 2 is suspended in absolute ethanol (25 ml). The reaction mixture is heated at 65 ° C for one hour, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the solid is then filtered and resuspended in 25 ml of fresh ethanol. Three extraction cycles are performed to remove the surfactant and release the porosity quantitatively.
- the solid obtained denoted silica R 1 -TMS-E
- R 1 -TMS-E is characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and silicon-29, by isothermal adsorption / desorption of nitrogen and by elemental analysis.
- the X-ray diffractogram indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the CTAB extraction step with an increase in peak intensity d (100) to 35 ⁇ suggesting a release of porosity.
- the infrared spectrum (FIG. 2) shows that the extraction was complete, in particular by the total disappearance of the typical CTAB vibration bands in the spectral region 2900-2800 cm- 1
- Nitrogen sorption (adsorption and desorption) measurements (Figure 7) show typical Type IV isotherm of mesostructured materials with a surface area of 1000 m 2 / g and an average pore size of 2.2 nm.
- Elemental analysis (C% 11.06, H% 3.48, N% ⁇ 0.10 (residual mass at 1000 ° C., 82.22%) indicates that it was introduced during the step of functionalization about 3-10 '3 moles of TMS fragment per gram of silica or 3.7 10 ' 3 moles of TMS fragment per gram of dry silica.
- This example describes a process for preparing a mesostructured porous silica different from Example 1, in particular in that it is carried out in the presence of a cosolvent.
- An SBA-3 type silica having a 2D hexagonal structure was prepared from a gel of the following molar composition: tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) 1.00
- the gel was prepared on the basis. a scale of 1, 5-10 '2 molar silicon.
- the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in water and the hydrochloric acid at 40 ° C. Half of the amount, the acetonitrile is then added to this solution. We let Cool to 25 ° C, then add the tetraethylorthosilicate solution in the acetonitrile residue dropwise over a period of five to ten minutes with stirring. The clear solution becomes cloudy immediately. The polycondensation reaction is then continued for three hours at 25 ° C., with stirring.
- the powder obtained is then filtered, washed with distilled water and dried in air.
- the yield of the reaction based on half of the mass of silica obtained relative to the mass of TEOS introduced, varies between 60 and 70%.
- the solids obtained were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (FIG. 4) and by infrared spectroscopy (FIGS. 5 and 6).
- the diffractograms of the two silicas are characterized by the presence of two peaks, between 1 and 10 ° in scale 2 ⁇ , respectively at 34.5 and 20 ⁇ characteristics of a hexagonal structure. '
- the infrared spectrum of both solids contain the characteristic bands of silica ( ⁇ has s ⁇ -o ⁇ 900 and 1300 cm "1; ⁇ s s ⁇ -o ⁇ 750 and 850 cm"1; ⁇ a o-si-o ⁇ 400 and 650 cm -1 ) and CTAB ( ⁇ C -H ⁇ 2900 and 3100 cm -1 , ⁇ C -H-1400 and 1550 cm -1 ).
- a silica (Al) (0.710 g) obtained according to Example 4 is suspended in toluene (15 ml) previously dried over P 2 O 5 .
- 3 ml of trimethylchlorosilane (TIVISCI 1 0.024 moles) are then introduced dropwise into the suspension.
- the reaction mixture is heated at 55 ° C for a period of 3 hours, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the solid thus functionalized, noted Silica A1-TMS is characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.
- the X-ray diffractogram indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the functionalization step without any significant change in the intensity of the peak d (100) to 34.5 A.
- the infrared spectrum presents, for its part, in addition to the characteristic bands of silica and CTAB, new bands at 2960 and 852 cm -1 , attributed to the trimethylsilane moiety.
- a silica functionalized with trimethylchlorosilane (Silica A1-TMS) (0.568 g) prepared according to Example 5 is suspended in absolute ethanol (25 ml). The reaction mixture is heated at 65 ° C for one hour, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solid is then filtered and resuspended in 25 ml of fresh ethanol. Three extraction cycles are performed to remove the surfactant and release the porosity quantitatively.
- the solid obtained (silica A1 -TMS-E) is characterized by X-ray diffraction, by infrared spectroscopy, by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by silicon-29, by isothermal adsorption / desorption of nitrogen and by elemental analysis.
- the X-ray diffractogram indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the CTAB extraction step.
- An increase in peak intensity d (100) to 34.5 ⁇ suggests a release of porosity.
- the infrared spectrum (FIG. 5) shows that the extraction was complete, in particular by the total disappearance of the typical CTAB vibration bands in the spectral region 2900-2800 cm- 1, the nitrogen sorption (adsorption and desorption) measurements.
- Figure 8) shows a typical Type IV isotherm of mesostructured materials with a specific surface area of
- Elemental analysis (C% 6.73, H% 2.51, N% ⁇ 0.10 (residual mass at 1000 ° C., 83.20%) indicates that it was introduced during the step of functionalization about 1, 9 10 "3 moles of TMS fragment per gram of silica 2.2 10" 3 moles of TMS fragment per gram of dry silica.
- a silica (0.866 g) prepared according to Example 1 is suspended in toluene (15 ml) previously dried over P 2 O 5 .
- Via a syringe 4.0 ml of vinyldimethylchlorosilane (VDMSCI, 0.029 mol) are then introduced dropwise into the suspension.
- VDMSCI vinyldimethylchlorosilane
- the solid thus functionalized, denoted silica R2-VDMS, is characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.
- the diffractogranm X ( Figure 1) indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the functionalization step without significant change in the intensity of the peak d (100) to 35 ⁇
- the infrared spectrum ( Figure 3) has, as for in addition to the characteristic bands of silica and CTAB, new bands at 3070, 2960, 1419 and 847 cm -1 , attributed to the vinyldimethylsilane fragment.
- the toluene stock solution and the washing solutions are combined and the toluene is evaporated. The residue is taken up in water and the
- CTAB which would have been extracted during this functionalization step is quantified quantitatively by potassium dichromate precipitation as described in Example 1. The results are summarized in Table 1.
- a silica functionalized with vinyldimethylchlorosilane (silica R2-VDMS) (0.905 g) prepared according to Example 7 is suspended in absolute ethanol (25 ml ). The reaction mixture is heated at 65 ° C for one hour, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solid is then filtered and resuspended in 25 ml of fresh ethanol. Three extraction cycles are performed to remove the surfactant and release the porosity quantitatively.
- silica R2-VDMS-E After drying at 25 ° C. under dynamic vacuum (10 -2 mm / Hg), the solid obtained, denoted silica R2-VDMS-E, is characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and silicon-29 and by elemental analysis.
- the X-ray diffractogram (Figure 1) indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material was maintained during the CTAB extraction step with an increase in peak intensity d (100) to 35 A suggesting a release of porosity.
- the infrared spectrum (FIG. 3) shows that the extraction was complete, in particular by the total disappearance of the typical CTAB vibration bands in the spectral region 2900-2800 cm -1, we also observe the bands assigned to the 3070 vinyldimethylsilane fragment. 2960, 1419 and 847 cm 1.
- Elemental analysis (C% 9.78, H% 2.92, N% ⁇ 0.10 (residual mass at 1000 ° C: 80.65%) indicates that it was introduced during the functionalization step about 2-10 "3 moles of VDMS fragment per gram of silica is 2,5 10 -3 moles of VDMS fragment per gram of dry silica.
- a silica (0.990 g) prepared according to Example 2 is suspended in toluene (15 ml) previously dried over P 2 Os. Via a syringe, 5.4 ml of cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane (CNPDMSCI, 0.033 moles) are then added dropwise to the suspension. The reaction mixture is heated at 55 ° C for a period of 3 hours, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- CNPDMSCI cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane
- CTAB that would have been extracted during this functionalization step is quantified by precipitation with potassium dichromate as described in Example 1. The results are summarized in Table 1. •
- a cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane functionalized silica (0.825 g) prepared according to Example 9) is suspended in absolute ethanol (25 ml). The reaction mixture is heated at 65 ° C for one hour, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solid is then filtered and resuspended in 25 ml of fresh ethanol. Three extraction cycles are performed to remove the surfactant and release the porosity quantitatively.
- the solid obtained is characterized by X-ray diffraction, by infrared spectroscopy, by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by silicon-29 and by elemental analysis.
- the X-ray diffractogram (Fig. 4) indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is conserved during the CTAB extraction step with an increase in peak intensity d (100) at 35 ⁇ suggesting a release of porosity.
- the infrared spectrum (FIG. 6) shows that the extraction was complete in particular by the total disappearance of the typical CTAB vibration bands in the spectral region 2900-2800 cm -1 .
- the bands assigned to the cyanopropyldimethylsilane fragment at 2972, 2262, 1435 and 843 cm- 1 are also observed.
- the solid NMR spectrum of the carbon (FIG. 13) is characterized by the presence of a resonance at -4.5 ppm attributed to the two methyl carbons of the (CH 3 ) Si-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN fragment, from two resonances to 13.1 and 15.9 ppm corresponding to the three methylene carbons of the propyl chain, (CHs) 2 Si-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN, and a resonance at 115.4 ppm typical of the nitrile carbon, (CHs) 2 Si-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN This indicates that the integrity of this fragment was maintained during the extraction process.
- the NMR spectrum of silicon allows us to evaluate, for its part, the nature of the bond with the surface of silica, there is shown in FIG.
- a silica functionalized with cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane whose surfactant was removed, according to Example 10) (silica A2-CNPDMS-E) (1.0 g) is suspended in toluene (15 ml) previously dried on P 2 O 5 .
- a syringe 4.0 ml of chloropropyldimethylchlorosilane (CIPDMSCI, 0.024 mol) are then introduced dropwise into the suspension.
- the reaction mixture is heated at 55 ° C for a period of 3 hours, with stirring and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the solid obtained denoted silica A2-CNPDMS-E-CIPDMS, is characterized by X-ray diffraction, by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by elemental analysis.
- the diffractogram X (FIG. 15) indicates that the hexagonal structure of the material is preserved during the second functionalization with a slight decrease in the intensity of the peak d (100) at 35 ⁇ .
- FIG. 14 shows the presence of a 12.5 ppm peak typical of a primary silicon atom containing an Si-O-Si bond and in the -90 / -110 ppm spectral region the resonances of the silica ( Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 ) corresponding to more or less condensed quaternary silicon atoms.
- Elemental analysis (C% 15.33, H% 3.44, N% 2.42, Cl 1, 15 (residual mass at 1000 0 C: 75.31%) indicates that the two sequential steps about 2.3-10 "3 moles of CNPDMS fragment per gram of dry silica (based on the percentage of nitrogen) and 4.30-10 " 4 moles of CIPDMS per gram of dry silica (based on the percentage of chlorine) is a molar ratio between the two CNPDMS / CIPDMS functional groups of 5.3. - Table 1
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR0412709A FR2878518A1 (fr) | 2004-11-30 | 2004-11-30 | Oxyde poreux mesostructure multifonctionnalise. |
| FR0412709 | 2004-11-30 |
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