WO2006057304A1 - X線ct装置及び画像処理装置 - Google Patents
X線ct装置及び画像処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006057304A1 WO2006057304A1 PCT/JP2005/021588 JP2005021588W WO2006057304A1 WO 2006057304 A1 WO2006057304 A1 WO 2006057304A1 JP 2005021588 W JP2005021588 W JP 2005021588W WO 2006057304 A1 WO2006057304 A1 WO 2006057304A1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/504—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
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- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
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- G06T11/008—Specific post-processing after tomographic reconstruction, e.g. voxelisation, metal artifact correction
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- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
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- G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
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- G06T2211/00—Image generation
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- G06T2211/404—Angiography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus and an image processing apparatus that generate an image inside a subject based on projection data obtained by irradiating the subject with X-rays.
- multi-slice X-ray CT equipment In response to the strong demand from the medical field that the advancement of X-ray CT equipment has taken higher-definition (high-resolution) and wide-area imaging, multi-slice X-ray CT equipment has been developed in recent years. This has become quite popular.
- This multi-slice X-ray CT system detects an X-ray source that emits a fan beam X-ray that spreads in the slice direction (longitudinal direction of the bed) and multiple rows (4 rows, 8 rows, 16 rows, etc.)
- This is a scanner that includes a two-dimensional detector having a structure in which element rows are arranged in the slice direction, and operates this by multi-scan or helical scan. As a result, volume data over a wide range of the subject can be obtained with high accuracy and in a short time compared to a single slice X-ray CT apparatus.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce blurring generated around an object having a high X-ray attenuation coefficient when an X-ray absorption distribution image inside a subject obtained by an X-ray CT apparatus is displayed.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an X-ray CT apparatus that collects projection data related to a subject and reconstructs an image inside the subject based on the collected projection data. And said Based on the unit configured to extract a high-contrast region having a relatively high X-ray attenuation coefficient from the image, the position of the extracted high-contrast region, and the point image intensity distribution function unique to the device, A unit configured to generate a blurred image relating to a contrast region and a relatively low X-ray attenuation coefficient! The subtracting the blurred image from the image cover in order to generate a low contrast image relating to a low contrast region.
- an X-ray CT apparatus comprising a mute configured as described above.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus that collects projection data related to a subject and reconstructs an image inside the subject based on the collected projection data.
- a unit that subtracts a blurred image related to a region with a relatively high X-ray attenuation coefficient included in the image from the image In order to generate a low-contrast image related to a region with a relatively low X-ray attenuation coefficient, a unit that subtracts a blurred image related to a region with a relatively high X-ray attenuation coefficient included in the image from the image.
- a unit that classifies the low-contrast image into a plurality of regions according to CT values, and a unit that replaces pixel values of the low-contrast image with values that are unique to the plurality of classified regions. Provides a CT line.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus that collects projection data related to a subject and reconstructs an image inside the subject based on the collected projection data.
- An X-ray CT apparatus comprising: a unit that selects a specific region from the plurality of extracted region candidates based on a distance between the centroids.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an X-ray CT apparatus that is useful in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an image processing unit useful for the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a transfer function.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an image processing unit useful for the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a clustering processing unit that works according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram closing three regions divided by the clustering process.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a region determination processing procedure by the region determination unit of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a bottom view of S13 in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the regions Rl extracted in S14 of FIG. 7 and the center-of-gravity position Bl calculated in S15.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the region R2 extracted in S14 of FIG. 7 and the barycentric position B2 calculated in S15.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the region R3 extracted in S14 of FIG. 7 and the barycentric position B3 calculated in S15.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an X-ray CT apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the X-ray CT system 1 includes a gantry 2 configured to collect projection data related to the subject, a bed 3 for moving the subject P, and input and image display for operating the X-ray CT device.
- An operation console is provided to perform the operation.
- the gantry 1 includes an X-ray tube 5 and an X-ray detector 6.
- the X-ray tube 5 and the X-ray detector 6 are mounted on a ring-shaped rotating frame 8 that is rotated by a gantry driving device 7.
- the bed 3 includes a top plate 8 on which a subject is placed and a top plate driving device 9 for moving the top plate 8.
- the rotating frame 8 has an opening in its central part. The subject P placed on the top plate 8 is inserted into the opening.
- the rotation center axis of the rotating frame 8 is defined as the Z axis (slice direction axis), and the plane perpendicular to the Z axis is defined as two orthogonal axes of XY.
- a tube voltage is applied between the cathode and anode of the X-ray tube 5 from the high voltage generator 10.
- Filament current is supplied from the high voltage generator 10 to the filament of the X-ray tube 5.
- X-rays are generated by applying a tube voltage and supplying a filament current.
- a one-dimensional array type detector or a two-dimensional array type detector (also referred to as a multi-slice type detector) is adopted.
- the X-ray detection element has a square light receiving surface of 0.5 mm X O. 5 mm, for example.
- 916 X-ray detection elements are arranged in the channel direction.
- a two-dimensional array detector has 40 rows arranged in the slice direction.
- a single row force is a one-dimensional array type detector.
- the data acquisition device 11 is generally called a DAS (data acquisition system). Yes.
- the data collection device 11 converts the signal output from the detector 6 for each channel into a voltage signal, amplifies it, and further converts it into a digital signal. This data (raw data) is supplied to the operation console 4 outside the gantry.
- the preprocessing unit 12 of the operation console 4 performs correction processing such as sensitivity correction on the data (raw data) output from the data collection device 11 and outputs projection data.
- This projection data is sent to the reconstruction processing unit 13.
- the reconstruction processing unit 13 reconstructs image data based on projection data collected by, for example, helical scan, volume scan using cone beam X-rays, or a combination thereof, and stores the image data in the image storage unit 14. .
- the image processing unit 15 generates a display image based on the image data stored in the image storage unit 14. Setting of conditions for displaying an image, setting of a region of interest, and the like are performed based on an input to the input device 16 by an operator. Details of the image processing unit will be described later.
- the display device 17 displays the image generated by the image processing unit 15.
- the scan control unit 18 of the operation console 4 is configured so that a scan such as a helical scan is performed based on an input from the operator, the high pressure generator 10, the gantry drive unit 7, the data collection unit 11, the top plate drive unit. 9 is controlled.
- the operation console 4 may be configured by dedicated hardware, or the same function may be realized by software using a computer!
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the image processing unit 15 in FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a blood vessel cross-sectional structure as an example of an image processing target. It contains vascular wall Pl, stent P2, cosmetic agent (blood flow part) P3, and lipid P4.
- vascular wall Pl vascular wall
- stent P2 vascular wall
- cosmetic agent blood flow part
- lipid P4 lipid
- the image processing unit 15 includes a region of interest setting / image extracting unit 19, a high contrast extracting unit 20, a convolution unit 21, a CT value scaling unit 22, a subtractor 23, and an adder 24.
- the region-of-interest setting 'image extracting unit 19 sets a region of interest based on the input to the input device 16, and extracts and outputs image data of the region of interest from the image storage unit 14.
- (B) in FIG. 2 represents an image of the region of interest extracted by the region of interest setting / image extracting unit 19.
- the high contrast extraction unit 20 extracts a high contrast region having a very high X-ray attenuation coefficient, that is, a pixel group having a very high CT value, from the image of the region of interest extracted by the extraction unit 19.
- High-contrast materials include steps embedded in the subject for treatment. There are metallic instruments such as mint and calcium mineral. Note that contrast agents that are not mainly stents are mainly used as high-contrast substances in low-contrast images, excluding stents, which will be described later. A contrast agent having a CT value between the stent and the vessel wall is selectively used.
- a differential image of an input image is obtained by obtaining a difference between the value of the pixel of interest and the average value of a plurality of pixels around the pixel of interest, and this differential image is obtained.
- a binarized image is obtained by applying threshold processing to the edge using the threshold corresponding to the edge of the stent.
- This binarized image is an image with different pixel values in the area where the high-contrast material will exist and the other areas.
- this binarized image is an image including information on a position where a high contrast material will exist (hereinafter referred to as a high contrast position image).
- FIG. 2C shows this high contrast position image.
- a relatively high-contrast position image can be easily obtained with relatively little arithmetic processing.
- the convolution unit 21 performs a convolution operation on a high-contrast position image with a point spread intensity function (PSF) unique to the X-ray computed tomography apparatus.
- PSF point spread intensity function
- the PSF scans a wire phantom that has a diameter of its heel (0.05 mm) that is smaller than the detector pitch (resolution limit) of the detector 6, for example 0.5 mm, and obtains its projection data force by reconstruction. It is obtained as 2D image (blurred image) data about the wire phantom.
- the CT value scaling unit 22 standardizes the image (blurred image) output from the convolution unit 21 according to a non-singular value as a CT value, that is, a standard CT value as a contrast agent here. (Scaling). This normalization process is a pixel value level adjustment process for a subtraction process described later. (D) in FIG. 2 represents an image output from the CT value scaling unit 22 (hereinafter referred to as a high contrast image).
- the subtraction unit 23 performs a subtraction process, and obtains a difference image between the image of the region of interest and the high-contrast image. Ask. As a result, a low-contrast image in which the high-contrast substance and the blur component around it are reduced can be obtained from the image of the region of interest.
- This low-contrast image is an image showing a substance with a low attenuation coefficient. (E) in Fig. 2 shows this low contrast image.
- the adding unit 24 adds the position information of the high-contrast substance by adding the high-contrast position image to the low-contrast image.
- (F) in Fig. 2 shows this output image.
- This output image is obtained by adding the position information of the high-contrast material to the image obtained by reducing the blur (artifact) due to the high-contrast material from the original image of the region of interest. Is displayed. In this output image, the lipid around the high-contrast substance, which was difficult to identify due to blurring in the original image, can be observed well.
- the blur component generated around the high-contrast substance can be reduced, so that the substance around the high-contrast substance can be observed well.
- a stent or calcification is present in a meridian vessel with a diameter of 3 mm to 5 mm, such as the coronary artery of the heart, the surrounding vessel wall, lipid accumulation state, contrast agent state, etc. are observed well. Is possible.
- the first embodiment may be implemented with various modifications.
- the high contrast position image is added in the above embodiment, only the low contrast image may be displayed without adding.
- marks of different colors indicating the position of the high contrast material may be superimposed and displayed.
- the force described in the X-ray CT apparatus is implemented in a medical image processing apparatus that displays an image based on projection data, CT image, etc. output from the X-ray CT apparatus. You may give it. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the force described for the processing of the two-dimensional image may be performed by performing the above-described processing on a plurality of two-dimensional images.
- the pixel value of the image when it is a CT value, it may be a value other than the CT value as long as it represents the force X-ray attenuation coefficient described above.
- the high-contrast position image is obtained by the differential / binary processing.
- the transfer function representing the blur due to the high-contrast material is inversely convolved with the image, and the high-contrast position image is obtained. Based on this information, the information on the method to obtain and the position of the stent A method for obtaining position information may be used.
- classification is automatically performed by clustering processing so that similar substances in an image can be easily identified.
- plaques and lipids are known to have CT values of 100 to 50, blood vessel walls of 50 to 129, and contrast agents in the bloodstream of 130 to 350. ing.
- CT value fluctuates.
- the region extraction (region division) method cannot cope with such variations in CT values and cannot be classified well.
- the region A mainly corresponding to the plaque, the region B mainly corresponding to the blood vessel wall, and the region C mainly corresponding to the contrast agent are extracted from the low contrast image with high accuracy.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the X-ray CT apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment.
- the clustering processing unit 25 obtains a plurality of predetermined regions based on CT f and performs CT value conversion processing so that each region is displayed with the same luminance or color.
- the case where the CT value is divided into three regions will be described.
- the number of these regions may be other numbers. It is also possible to change the number of areas according to the operator's input.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the cluster link processing unit 25.
- the clustering processing unit 25 includes a histogram generation unit 26, a region determination unit 27, and a CT value conversion unit 28.
- the histogram generator 26 obtains a histogram of the input low contrast image.
- the histogram shows the frequency distribution of pixel appearance for each CT value.
- CT values are distributed in the range between -100 and 537.
- the region determining unit 27 extracts, for example, three regions A, B, and C from the low contrast image as shown in FIG.
- Region A mainly corresponds to plaque.
- Region B mainly corresponds to the vessel wall.
- Region C mainly corresponds to the contrast agent.
- FIG. 7 shows three regions A, B, and C extracted from the low-contrast image by the region determination unit 27.
- the processing procedure is shown.
- the low contrast image force blood vessel wall region B is extracted (S11).
- a plurality of tracking lines are set radially from the approximate center of the blood vessel designated by the operator.
- CT values are tracked along each tracking line. Two positions where the CT value fluctuates relatively large, that is, two positions showing differential values exceeding a predetermined value, are identified as the inner and outer points of the blood vessel wall.
- the plaque region A is also extracted with a low contrast image force (S12).
- a pixel group inside the blood vessel wall and having a CT value lower than that of the blood vessel wall is extracted as the plaque region A.
- a contrast medium region C is extracted (S13-S19).
- the range of distribution of CT values on the histogram (in Fig. 6, the range from 100 to 537) is divided into N segments SEG to SEG by the k-means method. (S13). Highest CT value
- SEG is the SEG segment.
- N is set to 2 or 3 times the number n of regions finally classified.
- m is a processing variable. m is initialized to 1.
- the region candidate R corresponding to the segment SEG is extracted from the low-contrast image (S14). Region R is also extracted with low contrast image power with the lowest value of segment SEG as a threshold.
- the barycentric position B of the extracted region candidate R is calculated (S15).
- the variable m is incremented by one (S17).
- "CTmin seg m ⁇ CTmaxZ2" is determined as a stop condition for preventing diffusion.
- CTm in seg m is the minimum value of segment m
- CTmax is the maximum CT value of low contrast images.
- region candidate R corresponding to segment SEG and segment SEG is
- the value of the region candidate R is also extracted as a value. Extracted region candidate R
- Region candidate R is identified as region C of the contrast agent (S 19).
- the displacement of the center of gravity is the threshold Th
- the largest region candidate R that fits below is selected as a specific region C.
- the contrast agent region c can be extracted with high accuracy without being greatly affected by the CT value variation factor.
- the region B of the blood vessel wall can be extracted with high accuracy without being significantly affected by the CT value fluctuation factor.
- the plaque region A can be extracted with high accuracy without being affected by the factor of CT value fluctuation.
- the region determination unit 27 may classify the histogram into three regions using the k-mean method.
- the threshold Th for determining each region is calculated by the k-mean method so that the variance of CT values in each region is equal.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of area division according to the present embodiment, and CT values from ⁇ 100 to 537 are classified into three areas. Pixels with CT values in the range of region A mainly correspond to the lipid portion. Pixels with CT values in the range of region B mainly correspond to the blood vessel wall. Pixels with CT values in the area C range mainly correspond to the plaque part.
- the CT value conversion unit 28 replaces the CT values of the pixels included in each of the three regions extracted or classified by the region determination unit 27 with preset eigenvalues for each region. Thereby The same area portion is displayed with the same brightness or color on the display image, and each area is displayed in a form that can be grasped.
- an image divided into regions according to the CT value is displayed, so that an image that allows a good grasp of different substances such as tissue, lipid, and contrast medium inside the subject are displayed. Can be provided.
- the threshold value for determining the region is automatically obtained based on the histogram, it is possible to provide a well-classified image even when there is a variation in the CT value.
- the blur component (artifact component) generated around the high contrast material is reduced and then the clustering process is performed on the low contrast image, the material around the high contrast material Can be observed well.
- the stents or calcifications in a meridian vessel having a diameter of 3 to 5 mm such as the coronary artery of the heart, the surrounding blood vessel wall, lipid accumulation state, contrast agent state, etc. are observed well. It is possible.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the spirit of the invention at the stage of implementation.
- Various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments. For example, some components such as all the components shown in the embodiment may be deleted. In addition, the components of different embodiments may be combined as appropriate.
- the threshold value may be obtained using another clustering method such as a force group averaging method or a Ward method obtained using the k mean method.
- the clustering process is performed on the image from which the high-contrast material and the surrounding blur are removed. However, such a process is not performed, and the clustering process is directly performed on the original image of the region of interest. It is also possible to generate a display image by processing!
- the high contrast position image is added, but only the low contrast image may be displayed without adding. Also, different colors indicating the position of high contrast material The mark may be superimposed and displayed.
- the force is described in the X-ray CT apparatus.
- the medical image processing apparatus performs image display based on the projection data CT image output from the X-ray CT apparatus. May be.
- the processing of the three-dimensional image may be performed by performing the above-described processing on the two-dimensional images of the force multiple described for the processing of the two-dimensional image.
- the case where the pixel value of the image is a CT value has been described, but any value other than the CT value may be used as long as it represents an X-ray attenuation coefficient.
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Abstract
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EP05809487A EP1825810A4 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2005-11-24 | X-RAY CT DEVICE AND IMAGE PROCESSING DEVICE |
JP2006547829A JP4874810B2 (ja) | 2004-11-26 | 2005-11-24 | X線ct装置 |
US11/753,783 US7953263B2 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2007-05-25 | X-ray CT apparatus and image processing apparatus |
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JP2004-342273 | 2004-11-26 |
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US11/753,783 Continuation US7953263B2 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2007-05-25 | X-ray CT apparatus and image processing apparatus |
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Cited By (15)
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JP2009545800A (ja) * | 2006-08-02 | 2009-12-24 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 画像中のボクセルのクラスター・マップを再構成する方法 |
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JP2011115481A (ja) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-16 | Hitachi Medical Corp | 画像解析装置及びその方法、画像解析プログラム |
JP2012200371A (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Toshiba Corp | プラーク領域抽出方法及びその装置 |
JP2015503389A (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2015-02-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 3dスキャンからのem場発生器によるアーティファクトの除去 |
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JP2015112487A (ja) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 医用画像における構造物をセグメンテーションする医用画像処理装置、医用画像をセグメンテーションするための方法及び医用画像をセグメンテーションするコンピュータプログラムを記憶する記憶媒体 |
JPWO2016104082A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-10-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
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JP7187131B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 | 2022-12-12 | キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 画像生成装置、x線コンピュータ断層撮影装置及び画像生成方法 |
JP2017018177A (ja) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
JPWO2019003506A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 断層像生成方法および放射線撮影装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1825810A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
JPWO2006057304A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
US20070230653A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
JP4874810B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
JP2012005891A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
JP5159937B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2284794B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2284794A3 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US7953263B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
EP2284794A2 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
EP1825810A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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