WO2006050781A2 - Procede pour produire du cyanure d'hydrogene et tube de reaction utilise lors de la mise en oeuvre dudit procede - Google Patents

Procede pour produire du cyanure d'hydrogene et tube de reaction utilise lors de la mise en oeuvre dudit procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006050781A2
WO2006050781A2 PCT/EP2005/010997 EP2005010997W WO2006050781A2 WO 2006050781 A2 WO2006050781 A2 WO 2006050781A2 EP 2005010997 W EP2005010997 W EP 2005010997W WO 2006050781 A2 WO2006050781 A2 WO 2006050781A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaction tube
internals
reaction
hydrogen cyanide
catalyst
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/010997
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006050781A3 (fr
Inventor
Jozef Adriaenssens
Dieter Bathen
Manfred BÄUML
Martin Bewersdorf
Ernst Gail
Thomas Lieser
Thomas Müller
Ivan Pelgrims
Michael Rinner
Robert Weber
Original Assignee
Degussa Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa Gmbh filed Critical Degussa Gmbh
Publication of WO2006050781A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006050781A2/fr
Publication of WO2006050781A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006050781A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/02—Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide
    • C01C3/0208—Preparation in gaseous phase
    • C01C3/0229—Preparation in gaseous phase from hydrocarbons and ammonia in the absence of oxygen, e.g. HMA-process

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a reaction tube for the production of hydrogen cyanide by the so-called BMA process from ammonia and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a platinum-containing catalyst, and to an improved process for the production of hydrogen cyanide using this reaction tube.
  • the BMA process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from ammonia and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is carried out at temperatures in the range of 1000 0 C to 1400 0 C. Since the reaction is endothermic, heat must be added to the reaction mixture in the process. On an industrial scale, the BMA process is carried out in externally heated reaction tubes, which are coated on the inside of the tube with a platinum-containing catalyst and are flowed through by the gaseous reaction mixture. The space-time yield in these technical reactors is determined by the geometric surface of the reaction tube and the resulting limited active surface of the platinum-containing catalyst.
  • reaction tubes for use in the BMA process From the prior art approaches for increasing the surface / volume ratio of the surface coated with the catalyst are known for reaction tubes for use in the BMA process. From DE 39 15 428 reaction tubes for the BMA process are known which have periodic cross-sectional changes of the reaction tube from a circular cross section to an elliptical cross section.
  • reaction tubes described in the prior art with increased surface / volume ratio allow a higher space-time yield in the BMA process, but they have the disadvantage in industrial use that during the production of hydrogen cyanide to a greater extent fouling of the inner surfaces of the reaction tube occurs.
  • the carbon black formed by decomposition of the aliphatic hydrocarbons used for the production of hydrogen cyanide precipitates on the platinum-containing catalyst and thereby inhibits the
  • the present invention is a reaction tube for the production of hydrogen cyanide from ammonia and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a catalyst containing platinum on the inside of the tube and disposed within the reaction tube, coated with the catalyst internals, wherein the main surfaces of
  • the invention further provides a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide by reacting ammonia and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms at 1000 ° (to 1400 0 C in the presence of a platinum-containing catalyst, wherein the reaction in a reaction tube according to the invention is carried out.
  • reaction tubes according to the invention and arranged inside the reaction tube fittings are preferably made of a gas-tight sintered ceramic, and particularly preferably from gas-tight sintered aluminum oxide or silicon carbide.
  • the reaction tubes of the invention preferably have a cylindrical shape, wherein the inner diameter of the tubes is preferably 10 to 50 mm and more preferably 15 to 30 mm.
  • the length of the reaction tubes is preferably in the range of 1000 to 3000 mm and more preferably in the range of 1500 to 2500 mm.
  • reaction tubes of the invention are coated on the inside completely or partially with a platinum-containing catalyst.
  • a platinum-containing catalyst Preferably, more than 80% of the geometric surface of the inside of the reaction tube is coated with the platinum-containing catalyst.
  • Platinum-containing catalysts can all be used for the production of BMA
  • Hydrogen cyanide known catalysts are used.
  • the catalysts known from WO 2004/076351 with a reduced sooting tendency are preferably used.
  • the platinum-containing catalysts can be applied to the inside of the reaction tube by any known method for applying such catalysts to support materials.
  • the processes described in EP-A 0 299 175, EP-A 0 407 809 and EP-A 0 803 430 are preferably used for applying the platinum-containing catalyst to the inside of the reaction tubes.
  • a reaction tube according to the invention has one or more internals which are arranged inside the reaction tube and, like the outer reaction tube, are completely or partially coated with a platinum-containing catalyst, the internals preferably being coated with the same catalyst as the outer reaction tube.
  • the internals are arranged in the reaction tube according to the invention so that the main surfaces of
  • Fixtures are inclined by not more than 10 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the reaction tube.
  • the internals are arranged so that the main surfaces in essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reaction tube.
  • the internals arranged in the reaction tube can have an arbitrary cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reaction tube.
  • Preferably internals are used with a circular or annular cross-section, that is, the internals are cylindrical body in the form of a round rod or cylindrical tube.
  • Likewise, however, can also be installations with a polygonal
  • Cross-section or a star-shaped cross-section may be used, wherein internals with polygonal cross-section preferably have a triangular or square cross-section and internals having a star-shaped cross-section preferably have a cross section with threefold to sechcroftr symmetry. Also suitable according to the invention are fittings in the form of bands having a longitudinal rectangular cross-section.
  • the internals arranged in the reaction tube are preferably dimensioned such that they fill from 0.5 to 50% and particularly preferably from 1 to 30% of the free cross-sectional area of the reaction tube.
  • the internals are preferably installed over a range of at least 20% of the length of the reaction tube and may optionally occupy the entire length of the reaction tube. Particularly preferably, the internals are arranged only over a range of 40 to 75% of the length of the reaction tube. If the internals in the reaction tube are not arranged over the entire length of the reaction tube, then they are in Reaction tube is preferably arranged from the entrance of the flow in the reaction tube, so that in the reaction tube for the exit of the flow out of the reaction tube towards a region of the reaction tube remains free of internals.
  • the internals arranged in a reaction tube according to the invention may additionally have one or more spacers with which the internals are centered in the reaction tube. With such spacers, a swinging of the internals can be prevented by flowing through the reaction tube with a reaction gas and achieve a symmetrical arrangement of the internals in the reaction tube, resulting in a more uniform
  • a gas mixture containing ammonia and an aliphatic hydrocarbon with 1 to 4 carbon atoms will contain passed through the inventive reaction tube and the reaction tube maintained by heating from outside to a temperature of 1000 0 C to 1400 0 C.
  • the hydrocarbon used is preferably methane.
  • the gas mixture used for the production of hydrogen cyanide preferably contains ammonia in stoichiometric excess.
  • methane as a hydrocarbon is Preferably, a molar ratio of ammonia to methane in the range of 1.01: 1 to 1.30: 1 used.
  • the flow rate of the gas mixture through the reaction tube is preferably selected such that a substantially laminar flow is formed in the entire reaction tube including the region in which the internals are arranged.
  • the inventive method for the production of hydrogen cyanide by reacting ammonia with an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in a reaction tube according to the invention has the advantage over the known in the prior art method that at the same throughput of reaction mixture compared to a reaction tube without Built-in a higher yield of hydrogen cyanide is achieved without it comes in the reaction tube in the course of the reaction to increased soot formation and carbon fouling of the catalyst.
  • the inventive method using reaction tubes according to the invention therefore allows the production of hydrogen cyanide with increased space-time yield and avoids simultaneous interruptions in the production of hydrogen cyanide, which would be necessary to remove soot deposits.
  • a reaction tube made of sintered alumina with 2100 mm length and 17 mm inner diameter was coated and formed as described in Example 6 of EP-A 0 407 809 with a platinum-containing catalyst. Subsequently, a mixture of ammonia and methane in a molar ratio of 1.1: 1 was passed at 1320 0 C at a flow rate of 36 mol NH3 / h from bottom to top through the vertical reaction tube. The gas leaving the reaction tube was analyzed and the hydrogen cyanide yield was 83.4% based on ammonia.
  • Example 1 was repeated, in the reaction tube, however, an axially coated with the same catalyst from the outside tube of aluminum oxide 1200 mm in length and 6 mm outside diameter was additionally installed axially from the bottom.
  • the feed mixture was fed to the annular gap between the two tubes.
  • the yield of hydrogen cyanide was 86.1% based on ammonia.
  • Example 2 was repeated, but it was an externally coated tube of alumina 1000 mm in length and 6 Outer diameter mounted from above into the reaction tube and fixed with spacers axially in the reaction tube. The product mixture was taken from the annular gap between the two tubes. The yield of hydrogen cyanide was 86, 3% based on ammonia.
  • Example 3 was repeated, at the lower end of the tube suspended in the reaction tube with 6 mm outer diameter j edoch but also a catalyst coated disc with 14 mm diameter was attached transversely to the flow direction, so that the main surfaces of the disc arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reaction tube were .
  • the yield of hydrogen cyanide was 84, 2% based on ammonia.
  • Examples 3 and 4 also show that when using reaction tubes with internals according to the invention, which cause a substantially laminar flow in the reaction tube, a higher hydrogen cyanide yield is achieved than when using internals, which are arranged transversely to the flow direction major surfaces in the reaction tube cause a turbulent flow in many areas.
  • Example 5 shows that a reduction in the tendency to fouling can be achieved by reaction tubes with internals according to the invention compared to reaction tubes without internals.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des tubes de réaction comportant des inserts revêtus de catalyseur, dont les faces principales ne sont pas inclinées de plus de 10° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du tube à réaction. Ces tubes de réaction permettent d'obtenir des rendements améliorés lors de la production de cyanure d'hydrogène selon le procédé BMA, sans augmentation de la formation de suie dans les tubes de réaction.
PCT/EP2005/010997 2004-11-12 2005-10-13 Procede pour produire du cyanure d'hydrogene et tube de reaction utilise lors de la mise en oeuvre dudit procede WO2006050781A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004054727.0 2004-11-12
DE200410054727 DE102004054727A1 (de) 2004-11-12 2004-11-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyanwasserstoff und Reaktionsrohr für das Verfahren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006050781A2 true WO2006050781A2 (fr) 2006-05-18
WO2006050781A3 WO2006050781A3 (fr) 2007-01-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2005/010997 WO2006050781A2 (fr) 2004-11-12 2005-10-13 Procede pour produire du cyanure d'hydrogene et tube de reaction utilise lors de la mise en oeuvre dudit procede

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102004054727A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006050781A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2813286A1 (fr) 2013-06-11 2014-12-17 Evonik Industries AG Tube de réaction et procédé de fabrication de cyanure d'hydrogène
WO2015052066A1 (fr) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Evonik Industries Ag Tube réactionnel et procédé de production de cyanure d'hydrogène
EP3301075A1 (fr) 2016-09-28 2018-04-04 Evonik Degussa GmbH Procede de production de cyanure d'hydrogene

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882985C (de) * 1940-12-14 1953-07-13 Degussa Verfahren zur Durchfuehrung katalytischer Reaktionen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Blausaeure
GB737995A (en) * 1949-06-01 1955-10-05 Rudolf Wendlandt Method for the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid from volatile nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbons
FR1146102A (fr) * 1955-02-03 1957-11-06 Lonza Ag Procédé pour la préparation d'acide cyanhydrique
GB821139A (en) * 1955-02-03 1959-09-30 Lonza Electric & Chem Works Improved method for the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide
GB958784A (en) * 1959-10-09 1964-05-27 Lonza Electric & Chem Works Process for the production of catalytically active coatings on reaction chambers
WO2003078054A1 (fr) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Invista Technologies S.À.R.L. Reacteurs chauffes par induction pour reactions catalysees en phase gazeuse -

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882985C (de) * 1940-12-14 1953-07-13 Degussa Verfahren zur Durchfuehrung katalytischer Reaktionen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Blausaeure
GB737995A (en) * 1949-06-01 1955-10-05 Rudolf Wendlandt Method for the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid from volatile nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbons
FR1146102A (fr) * 1955-02-03 1957-11-06 Lonza Ag Procédé pour la préparation d'acide cyanhydrique
GB821139A (en) * 1955-02-03 1959-09-30 Lonza Electric & Chem Works Improved method for the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide
GB958784A (en) * 1959-10-09 1964-05-27 Lonza Electric & Chem Works Process for the production of catalytically active coatings on reaction chambers
WO2003078054A1 (fr) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Invista Technologies S.À.R.L. Reacteurs chauffes par induction pour reactions catalysees en phase gazeuse -

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016526523A (ja) * 2013-06-11 2016-09-05 エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーＥｖｏｎｉｋ Ｄｅｇｕｓｓａ ＧｍｂＨ シアン化水素を製造するための反応管および方法
WO2014198502A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Evonik Industries Ag Tube de réaction et procédé de production d'acide cyanhydrique
EP2813286A1 (fr) 2013-06-11 2014-12-17 Evonik Industries AG Tube de réaction et procédé de fabrication de cyanure d'hydrogène
JP2016536245A (ja) * 2013-10-11 2016-11-24 エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーＥｖｏｎｉｋ Ｄｅｇｕｓｓａ ＧｍｂＨ シアン化水素を製造する反応管及び方法
CN105813725A (zh) * 2013-10-11 2016-07-27 赢创德固赛有限公司 用于制备氰化氢的反应管和方法
US20160263558A1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2016-09-15 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Reaction tube and method for producing hydrogen cyanide
WO2015052066A1 (fr) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Evonik Industries Ag Tube réactionnel et procédé de production de cyanure d'hydrogène
RU2666446C2 (ru) * 2013-10-11 2018-09-07 Эвоник Дегусса Гмбх Реакционная труба и способ получения цианистого водорода
US10441942B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2019-10-15 Evonik Degussa, GmbH Reaction tube and method for producing hydrogen cyanide
EP3301075A1 (fr) 2016-09-28 2018-04-04 Evonik Degussa GmbH Procede de production de cyanure d'hydrogene
WO2018060196A1 (fr) 2016-09-28 2018-04-05 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Procédé de production de cyanure d'hydrogène
CN109982970A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2019-07-05 赢创德固赛有限公司 制备氰化氢的方法
CN109982970B (zh) * 2016-09-28 2020-08-04 赢创运营有限公司 制备氰化氢的方法
US11897781B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2024-02-13 Evonik Operations Gmbh Method for producing hydrogen cyanide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006050781A3 (fr) 2007-01-25
DE102004054727A1 (de) 2006-05-24

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