Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
  • C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of derivatives of 2,4-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazole-3- 5 thione as inhibitors of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO).
• MPO myeloperoxidase
• MPO Myeloperoxidase
• PMNs polymorphonuclear leukocytes
• MPO is one member of a diverse protein family of mammalian peroxidases that also includes eosinophil peroxidase, thyroid peroxidase, salivary peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, prostaglandin H synthase, and others.
• the mature enzyme is a dimer of identical halves. Each half molecule contains a covalently bound
• PMNs are of particular importance for combating infections. These cells contain MPO, with well documented microbicidal action. PMNs act non-specifically by phagocytosis to engulf microorganisms, incorporate them into vacuoles, termed phagosomes, which fuse
• hypochlorous acid a potent bactericidal compound.
• Hypochlorous acid is oxidizing in itself, and reacts most avidly with thiols and thioethers, but also converts amines into chloramines, and chlorinates aromatic amino acids.
• Macrophages are large phagocytic cells which, like
• PMNs are capable of phagocytosing microorganisms. Macrophages can generate hydrogen peroxide and upon activation also produce myeloperoxidase. MPO and hydrogen peroxide can also be released to the outside of the cells where the reaction with chloride can induce damage to adjacent tissue.
• WO 01/85146 discloses various compounds that are MPO inhibitors and are thereby useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• the present invention relates to a group of 2,4-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thione derivatives that surprisingly display useful properties as inhibitors of the enzyme MPO.
• 5 Q represents a 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring
• alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms;
• alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms;
• Q represents benzo fused C4 to 8 cycloalkyl wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy;
• W represents a bond or CHR wherein R represents H, CH3, F, OH, CH2OH or phenyl; 0
• X represents a bond, O, CH2 or NR wherein R represents H or Cl to 6 alkyl
• Y represents phenyl, naphthyl or a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaromatic ring system containing one to three heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S; said phenyl, 5 naphthyl or heteroaromatic ring system being optionally substituted by one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, OH, Cl to 6 alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl,
• alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by one or more fluoro atoms
• o or Y represents Cl to 6 alkyl or C3 to 6 cycloalkyl
• said cycloalkyl group optionally including an O atom and optionally being benzo fused
• 5 each R , R , R , R and R independently represents H or Cl to 6 alkyl;
• R represents H, Cl to 6 alkyl, CHO or C2 to 6 alkanoyl; said alkyl being optionally further substituted by phenyl wherein the phenyl group may be optionally further o substituted by halogen, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkoxy or C2 to 6 alkanoyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of the enzyme MPO is beneficial.
• the compounds of formula (I) may exist in enantiomeric forms. Therefore, all enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
• the compounds of formula (I) may exist in tautomeric forms. All such tautomers and mixtures of tautomers are included within the scope of the present invention.
• a more particular aspect of the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prophylaxis of neuroinflammatory disorders.
• a method of treating, or reducing the risk of, diseases or conditions in which inhibition of the enzyme MPO is beneficial which comprises administering to a person suffering from or at risk of, said disease or condition, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a method of treating, or reducing the risk of, neuroinflammatory disorders in a person suffering from or at risk of, said disease or condition comprises administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, hi admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of the enzyme MPO is beneficial.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of neuroinflammatory disorders.
• Q represents an optionally benzo fused 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently
• Q represents an optionally benzo fused C3 to 8 cycloalkyl substituted by one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, OH, Cl to 6 alkyl, C3 to
• Q represents an optionally benzo fused partially unsaturated C5 to 8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, OH, Cl to 6 alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, Cl to 6 alkoxy, Cl to 6 alkylthio, oxo
• Q represents benzo fused C4 to 8 cycloalkyl wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy; and X, Y and W are as defined above.
• W represents a bond or CH 2 .
• X represents a bond or O.
• W represents CH 2 and X represents a bond.
• W represents CH 2 and X represents O.
• Y represents phenyl optionally substituted as defined above.
• Y represents pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above. In one embodiment, Y represents 2-pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above. In one embodiment, Q represents an optionally benzo fused 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently
• Q represents an optionally benzo fused 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently
• alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms;
• W represents CH 2 ;
• X represents O; and
• Y represents phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above.
• alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms
• W represents CH2
• X represents a bond
• Y represents phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above.
• Q represents benzo fused C4 to 8 cycloalkyl wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy; W represents CH2; X represents O; and Y represents phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above.
• Q represents benzo fused C4 to 8 cycloalkyl wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy; W represents CH2; X represents a bond; and Y represents phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted as defined above.
• a specific aspect of the invention concerns the use of any one or more of the following compounds of formula (I): 5-phenoxymethyl-4-(dihydrofuran-2-one-3-yl)-2,4-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thione;
• Cl to 6 alkyl denotes a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include methyl, ethyl, 1 -propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• Cl to 2 alkyl is to be interpreted analogously.
• C3 to 8 cycloalkyl denotes a cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• C3 to 6 cycloalkyl is to be interpreted analogously.
• C3 to 6 cycloalkyl; said cycloalkyl group optionally including an O atom and optionally being benzo fused is to be interpreted analogously. Examples of such groups include tetrahydrofuran, oxane, indan, tetrahydronaphthalene, chroman and isochroman,
• unsaturated C5 to 8 cycloalkyl referred to herein denotes a cyclic alkyl group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms and incorpoprating one or more double bonds. Examples of such groups include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and cycloheptadienyl.
• saturated or partially unsaturated C6 to 8 bicycloalkyl denotes a bicyclic alkyl group having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally incorpoprating one or more double bonds. Examples of such groups include bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
• aromatic C4 to 8 cycloalkyl referred to herein denotes a cyclic alkyl group having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms fused to a benzo ring. Examples of such groups include indanyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl.
• Cl to 6 alkoxy denotes a straight or branched chain alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include methoxy, ethoxy, 1-propoxy, 2-propoxy and tert-butoxy.
• Cl to 6 alkylthio denotes a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms that is bonded to the molecule via a sulphur atom. Examples of such groups include methylthio, ethylthio and propylthio.
• C2 to 6 alkanoyl denotes a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms bonded through a carbonyl group. Examples of such groups include acetyl, propionyl and pivaloyl.
• halogen referred to herein denotes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• Examples of an alkyl or alkoxy group optionally further substituted by one or more halogen atoms include CH 2 Cl, CHCl 2 , CCl 3 , CH 2 F, CHF 2 , CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 , CF 3 CH 2 , CH 2 FCH 2 , CH 3 CF 2 , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 , OCF 3 and OCH 2 CF 3 .
• Examples of a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N include furan, thiophene, imidazole, thiazole, isoxazole, pyridine and pyrimidine.
• Examples of a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S include tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and piperazine.
• Examples of a 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S include tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, imidazoline, tetrahydropyran, dehydropiperidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine.
• Examples of a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaromatic ring system containing one to three heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S include furan, thiophene, imidazole, thiazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, indole, isoquinoline, benzofuran and benzothiadiazole.
• Examples of a saturated 5- or 6-membered azacyclic ring optionally including one further heteroatom selected from O, S and N include pyrrolidine, morpholine, piperazine and piperidine.
• a further aspect of the invention concerns the novel compounds of formula (I) for use as a medicament.
• Q represents a 5 to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring
• alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms;
• alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by phenyl or by one or more halogen atoms;
• the ring Q is optionally benzo fused wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy;
• Q represents benzo fused C4 to 8 cycloalkyl wherein the benzo ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CHO, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkylthio and Cl to 6 alkoxy;
• W represents CH 2 ;
• X represents a bond
• R represents H or one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, OH, Cl to 6 alkyl, C3 to 6 cycloalkyl, Cl to 6 alkoxy, Cl to 6 alkylthio, CO2H, C2 to 6 alkanoyl, Ph, NO 2 , C(O)NR 12 R 13 OrNR 4 R 5 ; said alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups being optionally further substituted by one or more fluoro atoms;
• each R , R , R , R and R independently represents H or Cl to 6 alkyl
• R represents H, Cl to 6 alkyl, CHO or C2 to 6 alkanoyl; said alkyl being optionally further substituted by phenyl wherein the phenyl group may be optionally further substituted by halogen, Cl to 6 alkyl, Cl to 6 alkoxy or C2 to 6 alkanoyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Particular compounds of formula (Ia) include: 4-(bicyclo[2.2. l]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-2,4-dihydro-[l ,2,4]triazole-3- thione;
• a further aspect of the invention concerns the novel compounds of formula (Ia) for use as a medicament.
• a further aspect of the invention concerns the novel compounds of formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of the enzyme MPO is beneficial.
• a process for the preparation of the novel compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer or racemate thereof comprises: (a) reaction of a thiosemicarbazide derivative of formula (II)
• R represents Cl to 6 alkyl
• such intermediates may be isolated or may undergo in situ cyclisation to give the compounds of formula (I). See, for example, Foks, H. et al. Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon, 2000, 164, 67-81; Udupi, R. H. et al. Indian Drugs, 2002, 39, 318-322; Pilgram, K. H. et al. J. Org. Chem, 1988, 53, 38-41; and Vidaluc, J-. L. et al. J. Med Chem., 1994, 37, 689-695.
• the compounds of formulae (II) and (IH) are reacted together in an organic solvent such as an alcohol, for example, methanol, in the presence of a base such as sodium methoxide, at a temperature between 25 °C and the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture until reaction is complete, typically for between 10 to 50 hours. See, for example, Pesson, M. et al. CR. Hebd. Sceances Acad. ScL, 248; 1959; 1677-1679.
• the reaction mixture is then cooled and concentrated.
• the residue is dissolved in water and acidified with an acid such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, typically to pH about 3 to 6.
• the compounds of formulae (II) and (IV) are dissolved in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane, or DMF or mixtures thereof.
• a coupling reagent for example, a peptide (amide) bond forming reagent
• EDC l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide
• reaction is stirred at temperatures between 10 0 C and the reflux temperature of the solvent until the reaction is completed, typically for 1 to 15 h.
• the reaction mixture is concentrated and the residue is dissolved in a solvent, for example, a mixture of water and methanol with an added inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate and heated to temperatures between 25 0 C and the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture o until the reaction is complete, typically for 30 minutes to 20 h.
• the reaction mixture is neutralized with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated product is collected by filtration.
• the reaction mixture is concentrated and the product is extracted with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or chloroform and the organic phase is dried and concentrated.
• the crude products are s purified by chromatography or recrystallization when necessary.
• a compound of formula (V) in an organic solvent such as chloroform or dichloromethane containing a base such as pyridine or triethylamine is treated with a compound of formula (II).
• the reaction mixture is stirred at a temperature between 10 °C o and the reflux temperature of the solvent until reaction is complete, typically for 1-16 h.
• the reaction mixture is concentrated and the residue is dissolved in a solvent such as water and methanol and the process is then continued as in process (b).
• the compounds of formulae (VI) and (VII) are dissolved in an organic 5 solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMF or dioxane or mixtures thereof, and then heated to between 25 0 C and the reflux temperature of the solvent, preferably under an inert atmosphere until the reaction is completed, typically for 1 to 16 h.
• organic 5 solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMF or dioxane or mixtures thereof.
• the o reaction mixture is poured onto ice and the intermediate collected and, if necessary, purified by chromatography. If the intermediate does not precipitate, it is isolated by extraction with an organic solvent such as chloroform, ethyl acetate or diethyl ether.
• the intermediate is then dissolved in water or an alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably with an added base such as, for example, sodium hydroxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate, and heated to between 25 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent until the reaction is completed, typically for 1 to 16 h.
• the mixture is then neutralized by addition of an acid. Either the product precipitates upon neutralization, and it is then collected by filtration or the reaction mixture is extracted with an organic solvent.
• the crude product is then purified by chromatography or by recrystallization when necessary.
• the compounds of formulae (VI) and (VII) are dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMF or dioxane or mixtures thereof, and then heated in a microwave oven to a suitable temperature, generally between 120 °C and 150 0 C, for a suitable period of time, typically about 5 to 15 minutes. Under these conditions, the products of formula (I) may be formed directly without the need to isolate any intermediate.
• the compounds of formulae (VIII) and (VII) are reacted together using essentially the same conditions as for the reaction of compounds of formulae (VI) and (VII) in process (d), including in particular the use of microwave oven technology.
• the intermediate 2,4-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazol-3-one is then converted into the corresponding 2,4- dihydro-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thione of formula (I) by treatment with Lawesson's reagent.
• Suitable conditions for the use of Lawesson's reagent will be readily apparent to the man skilled in the art. See, for example, Cava, M.P. et al, Tetrahedron, 1985, 41, 5061-5087.
• the intermediate 2,4-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazol-3-one and Lawesson's reagent are dissolved or suspended in a suitable dry organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or dioxane and then heated to between 30 0 C and the reflux temperature of the solvent until reaction is complete, typically for between one to 30 hours. If the sulphurisation reaction is conducted in a microwave oven, then suitable temperatures are generally between 120 °C and 150 0 C and suitable reaction times are generally about 10 minutes to 1 hour.
• a suitable dry organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or dioxane
• the dithioester of formula (IX) is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as absolute ethanol and the hydrazide (VII) is added.
• the reaction mixture is then heated at a suitable temperature, typically 80-90 °C for a suitable period of time, typically 3 to 16h, prior to concentration and dissolution in methanol containing a base such as 2% aqueous NaOH.
• a suitable temperature typically 80-90 °C for a suitable period of time, typically 3 to 16h
• a base such as 2% aqueous NaOH.
• 70 0 C typically 2 to 2 Ih
• the mixture is cooled, diluted with water and the pH adjusted to approx 7 with IM HCl.
• the precipitate is collected and, if necessary, purified by crystallisation or by chromatography.
• Compounds of formula (V) may be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IV) with thionyl chloride. See, for example, Encyclopaedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Vol. 7, ed. Paquette, L. A., John Wiley & Sons, Westshire, 1995.
• the present invention includes compounds of formula (I) in the form of salts.
• Suitable salts include those formed with organic or inorganic acids or organic or inorganic bases. Such salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable although salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable acids or bases may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question.
• preferred acid addition salts include those formed from hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, phosphoric, citric, tartaric, lactic, pyruvic, acetic, succinic, fumaric, maleic, methanesulphonic and benzenesulphonic acids.
• Preferred base addition salts include those in which the cation is sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, choline, ethanolamine or diethylamine.
• Salts of compounds of formula (I) may be formed by reacting the free base, or a salt, enantiomer or racemate thereof, with one or more equivalents of the appropriate acid or base.
• the reaction may be carried out in a solvent or medium in which the salt is insoluble or in a solvent in which the salt is soluble, for example, water, dioxan, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether, or a mixture of solvents, which may be removed in vacuo or by freeze drying.
• the reaction may also be a metathetical process or it may be carried out on an ion exchange resin.
• Compounds of formulae (II), (III), (IV), (VI), (VII) and (VIII) are either known in the literature or may be prepared using known methods that will be readily apparent to the man skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the invention and intermediates thereto may be isolated from their reaction mixtures and, if necessary further purified, by using standard techniques.
• the compounds of formula (I) may exist in enantiomeric forms. Therefore, all enantiomers, io diastereomers, racemates and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
• the various optical isomers may be isolated by separation of a racemic mixture of the compounds using conventional techniques, for example, fractional crystallisation, or HPLC. Alternatively, the various optical isomers may be prepared directly using optically active starting materials.
• Intermediate compounds may also exist in enantiomeric forms and may be used as purified enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates or mixtures.
• the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful because 2.0 they possess pharmacological activity as inhibitors of the enzyme MPO.
• the compounds of formulae (T) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are indicated for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions in which modulation of the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is desirable.
• MPO myeloperoxidase
• linkage of MPO 25 activity to disease has been implicated in neuroinflarnmatory diseases. Therefore the compounds of the present invention are particularly indicated for use in the treatment of neuroinflarnmatory conditions or disorders in mammals including man. Such conditions or disorders will be readily apparent to the man skilled in the art.
• Conditions or disorders that may be specifically mentioned include multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke, as well as other inflammatory diseases or conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sinusitis, rhinitis, psoriasis, dermatitis, uveitis, gingivitis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, renal glomerular damage, liver fibrosis, sepsis, proctitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation associated with reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury and tissue damage/scarring/adhesion/rejection.
• Lung cancer has also been suggested to be associated with high MPO levels. The compounds are also expected to be useful in the treatment of pain.
• Prophylaxis is expected to be particularly relevant to the treatment of persons who have suffered a previous episode of, or are otherwise considered to be at increased risk of, the disease or condition in question.
• Persons at risk of developing a particular disease or condition generally include those having a family history of the disease or condition, or those who have been identified by genetic testing or screening to be particularly susceptible to developing the disease or condition.
• the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration and the treatment desired.
• the compounds of formulae (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof may be used on their own, or in the form of appropriate pharmaceutical compositions in which the compound or derivative is in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. Administration may be by, but is not limited to, enteral (including oral, sublingual or rectal), intranasal, inhalation, intravenous, topical or other parenteral routes. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are described in, for example, "Pharmaceuticals - The Science of Dosage Form Designs", M. E. Aulton, Churchill Livingstone, 1988.
• the pharmaceutical composition preferably comprises less than 80% and more preferably less than 50% of a compound of formulae (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• spectra were recorded at 400 MHz for proton and 100 MHz for carbon-13.
• the following reference signals were used: the middle line of DMSO-d ⁇ ⁇ 2.50 ( 1 H), ⁇ 39.51 ( 13 C); the middle line of CD 3 OD ⁇ 3.31 ( 1 B) or ⁇ 49.15 ( 13 C); acetone-d 6 2.04 ( 1 H), 206.5 25 ( 13 C); and CDCl 3 ⁇ 7.26 ( 1 H), the middle line of CDCl 3 ⁇ 77.16 ( 13 C) (unless otherwise indicated).
• Mass spectra were recorded on a Waters LCMS consisting of an Alliance 2795 (LC) and a ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ESI) operated in a positive or negative ion mode.
• the capillary 3 o voltage was 3 kV and the mass spectrometer was scanned from m/z 100-700 with a scan time of 0.3 or 0.8 s. Separations were performed on either Waters X-Terra MS, C8- columns, (3.5 ⁇ m, 50 or 100 mm x 2.1mm i.d.), or a ScantecLab's ACE 3 AQ column (100mm x 2.1 mm i.d.).
• the column temperature was set to 40 0 C.
• a linear gradient was applied using a neutral or acidic mobile phase system, running at 0% to 100% organic phase in 4-5 minutes, flow rate 0.3 ml/min.
• Neutral mobile phase system acetonitrile /[10 mM NH 4 OAc (aq) / MeCN (95:5)], or [10 mM NH 4 OAc (aq) / MeCN (1/9)] / [10 mM NH 4 OAc (aq) / MeCN (9/1)].
• Acidic mobile phase system [133 mM HCOOH (aq) / MeCN (5/95)] / [8 mM HCOOH (aq) / MeCN (98/2)].
• mass spectra were recorded on a Finnigan MAT SSQ7000 equipped with a thermo spray ion source (TSP) operated in the positive mode and scanning from m/z 120- 600 with a scan time of 1 s. Samples were introduced via an isocratic pump, Shimatzu LC- 10AD. The mobile phase was 50 mM ammonium acetate in 40:60 acetonitrile/MilliQ Water and the flow rate 1 ml/min.
• TSP thermo spray ion source
• Recrystallization was typically performed in solvents or solvent mixtures such as ether, ethyl acetate/heptanes and methanol/water.
• DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• EDC l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl- carbodiimide hydrochloride
• aq. aqueous.
• the title compound was obtained as white foam in 16% yield starting from phenoxyacetic o acid hydrazide (669 mg, 2.77 mmol) and 1, 2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene-l -isothiocyanate (655 mg, 3.47 mmol) using general procedure A with the following modifications.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated directly and not poured onto ice.
• the residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient elution 0-5% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ).
• the final product did not crystallize and was therefore extracted with EtOAc and purified 5 by column chromatography (gradient elution 0-30% EtOAc in hexane).
• o Assay buffer 20 mM sodium/potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5 containing 10 mM taurine and 100 mM NaCl.
• Developing reagent 2 mM 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 200 ⁇ M KI, 200 mM acetate buffer pH 5.4 with 20 % DMF. 5

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