WO2006046500A1 - 通信遅延を有する通信路を介して信号を送受信する遠隔制御システム - Google Patents
通信遅延を有する通信路を介して信号を送受信する遠隔制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006046500A1 WO2006046500A1 PCT/JP2005/019483 JP2005019483W WO2006046500A1 WO 2006046500 A1 WO2006046500 A1 WO 2006046500A1 JP 2005019483 W JP2005019483 W JP 2005019483W WO 2006046500 A1 WO2006046500 A1 WO 2006046500A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
Definitions
- a remote control system for transmitting and receiving signals via a communication path having a communication delay
- the present invention relates to a remote control system that transmits and receives signals via a communication path having a communication delay, and in particular, as in the Internet, the communication delay varies and the communication delay (dead time) cannot be accurately measured.
- the present invention relates to a remote control system suitable for application to a remote operation system using a network as a communication means.
- Patent Document 1 a communication time delay is predicted based on planned movement data of a remote place where a robot is placed, and the command generation timing is changed in accordance with the fluctuation of the communication time delay.
- a robot remote control device is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes a remote operation method and apparatus that converts a communication time delay into a force sensation and remotely operates a controlled part at a remote location.
- the communication delay can be regarded as a dead time in the control system. If the dead time is included in the control system, a phase delay occurs in the system, which causes the control system to become unstable.
- the Smith method has been used as a method for compensating for instability of a control system including a dead time element.
- Fig. 13 shows a block diagram of a control system using the Smith method.
- C (s) is the control.
- Control device G (s) indicates the transfer function to be controlled
- e " Ts is a dead time element (s is a Laplacian operator).
- the system can be stabilized by adding a compensation element (Smith Predictor) [G (s) (1-e- Ts )] using the Smith method.
- a compensation element Smith Predictor
- FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a bilateral system with communication delay
- Fig. 14 (b) shows a block diagram when the Smith method is applied to the bilateral system of Fig. 14 (a).
- FIG. 14 shows a conceptual configuration of the bilateral system.
- 1 is a master
- 2 is a slave
- master 1 and slave 2 are connected by a communication path 3 having communication delay such as the Internet.
- the transfer function of slave 2 is lZjs
- force signal F from master 1 is applied to slave 2
- speed signal sXe— Ts is returned from master 2 to master 1.
- Fig. 14 (a) When the values of the communication delays Tl and ⁇ 2 in the system shown in Fig. 14 (a) are known, the system shown in Fig. 14 (a) is shown in Fig. 14 (b) as described in Fig. 13 above. As shown, by introducing a compensation element using the Smith method, a response sX that compensates for the communication delay can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-25986
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-82293 A
- the Smith method described above has been widely used as a method for compensating for instability of the system caused by communication delay (dead time) in a remote control system.
- the Smith method cannot measure the exact value of the communication delay (dead time) of the remote control system, and in some cases the performance will be poor. Because of this nature, communication delays (no Since the value of the “unused time” fluctuates from time to time and the value cannot be measured accurately, satisfactory performance cannot be obtained for a remote control system using a network as a communication device.
- the present invention can compensate for instability caused by the dead time even in a control system having a dead time in which an accurate value cannot be measured, and bilateral using a communication means having a large communication delay.
- the object is to provide a remote control device that can transmit tactile sensation from a remote place by applying to control.
- communication disturbance estimation means for estimating communication disturbance is provided, and the communication disturbance estimation means estimates the communication disturbance. Based on communication disturbances (communication disturbances can be expressed as X ⁇ (1—e— ts ) [X: control signal, t: delay time]) And compensate for communication delays in the remote control system.
- the communication disturbance estimation means determines that the communication delay in the communication path is an acceleration dimension (force dimension) disturbance (communication disturbance) applied to a remote control target, and transmits a control signal or control transmitted through the communication path.
- a communication disturbance is estimated based on a signal corresponding to the signal and a response signal transmitted from a remote control target or a signal corresponding to the response signal.
- a disturbance estimation means for estimating the disturbance applied to the control object at the remote location is provided, and based on the disturbance estimated by the disturbance estimation means, it is added to the control target at the remote location. Compensate for disturbances.
- the gain of the communication disturbance estimation means and the disturbance estimation means are reduced so that the disturbance applied to the control target at a remote location has less influence on the estimation result of the communication disturbance estimation means.
- the master-side manipulator and slave-side manipulator are connected via a communication path with a communication delay, and follow the master-side manipulator to drive the slave-side manipulator and add it to the slave side.
- a remote control system that transmits operating force to the master side
- the first control unit that controls the master side manipulator, the second control unit that controls the slave side manipulator, and the output of the master side manipulator Based on thread Communication disturbance estimating means for simulating the operation of the slave manipulator and estimating the communication disturbance from the simulated signal and the output of the slave manipulator that is also sent via the communication path by the slave side manipulator.
- Compensation value generation means for generating a compensation value for compensating for communication delay based on the communication disturbance estimated by the communication disturbance estimation means is provided.
- the output of the manipulator on the master side is sent to the slave side via the communication path, and the output of the manipulator on the slave side and the output of the master side manipulator sent via the communication path are second controlled.
- the slave manipulator output sent via the communication path is compensated by the output of the compensation value generating means, the compensated slave manipulator output,
- the master side manipulator output is input to the first control unit to control the master side manipulator.
- the communication disturbance estimation means regards the influence due to the communication delay (dead time) as the influence of the disturbance (communication disturbance) of the acceleration dimension (force dimension) applied to the system, and observes and compensates for this communication disturbance. Therefore, the estimated value of communication delay (dead time) is not required! For this reason, even a remote operation system using a network that cannot accurately measure communication delay (dead time), such as the Internet, can be controlled stably. Moreover, even if it is applied to a general control system with dead time, the same performance can be achieved.
- Disturbance estimation means for estimating the disturbance applied to the controlled object at the remote location is provided, and the disturbance applied to the controlled object at the remote location is compensated based on the disturbance estimated by the disturbance estimating means. Manipulate remote control objects without being affected by Can do.
- the disturbance applied to the control target at the remote location is The influence on the estimation result of the communication disturbance estimation means can be reduced, and the communication disturbance can be accurately estimated and compensated.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the concept of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example when a disturbance observer is provided on the slave side in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a communication disturbance observer and a disturbance observer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example when the method of the present invention is applied to a remote control system.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the remote control system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a disturbance and reaction force estimation observer.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a position response of a conventional example and the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a position response when delay time compensation is performed by the Smith method.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a position response when communication delay time is compensated according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an angular response and a force response when communication delay compensation is performed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a control system in which the Smith method is introduced.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram when the Smith method is applied to a neutral system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the concept of the present invention. First, the concept of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a conceptual configuration when the present invention is applied to a bilateral control composed of a master and a slave camera located at a remote place.
- 1 is a master
- 2 is a slave
- the master 1 and the slave 2 are connected via a communication path having a communication delay that varies from time to time, such as the Internet.
- the transfer function of slave 2 is lZjs, force signal F from master 1 is applied to slave 2, and speed signal sXe— Ts is returned from master 2 to master 1.
- the communication delay is treated as a disturbance applied to the slave side, that is, a communication disturbance, and the disturbance is estimated using a disturbance estimation means (hereinafter referred to as a disturbance observer) via the network.
- a disturbance observer this disturbance observer will be referred to as a communication disturbance observer.
- the force signal F may be a torque signal ⁇
- the speed signal sX may be an angular speed signal s ⁇ .
- S is a Laplace operator.
- a remote control system with communication delay can be regarded as a system having a dead time element that cannot be accurately measured due to communication delay.
- the block diagram shown in Fig. 14 (a) is equivalently converted to the block diagram shown in Fig. 1 (a).
- the influence of the dead time due to the communication delay can be regarded as the influence of disturbance (communication disturbance) in the acceleration dimension (force dimension).
- the communication disturbance observer 4 estimates the communication disturbance F (1-e- Ts ) applied to the slave side from the force signal F applied to the slave and the speed sXe— Ts which is the response signal of the slave force. By estimating communication disturbance due to communication delay using the observer 4, a compensation value is generated in the same manner as the Smith method, and this dead time can be compensated for as shown in FIG. 1 (c). .
- the communication disturbance (1--) of the acceleration dimension (force dimension) estimated by the communication disturbance observer 4 is applied to the compensation value generation means 6.
- the compensation value generation means 6 applies the communication disturbance F (l-e - T s) to lZJ s (T inertia coefficient of the slave side (nominal value) is multiplied by), adds sX a (l-e- Ts) to determined Mel which is obtained from the slave 2 sXe- Ts.
- sX that compensates for communication disturbance can be obtained.
- communication disturbance is estimated using a communication disturbance observer, and communication delay is compensated, so that accurate estimation of the delay time by communication is not necessary, and communication means in which the communication delay fluctuates. Even in a system using the system, it is possible to control stably.
- the communication disturbance observer 4 for example, the disturbance observer described in the paper 1 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-49523 can be used.
- Figure 3 (a) shows a block diagram of the communication disturbance observer.
- the communication disturbance observer 4 takes the force signal F applied to the slave and the speed signal sXe— Ts from the slave and considers it to be the cause of the communication disturbance (or influence) on the communication path 3.
- the communication disturbance F (l—e— Ts ) is estimated.
- J is the inertia coefficient (nominal value) on the slave side
- g is the communication disturbance estimation.
- the gain, g / (s + g), of the fixing means 4 is a Lonos filter.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the case where the first-order lag element is used as the low-pass filter
- a higher-order low-pass filter with a second-order lag or higher may be used!
- FIG. 2 shows that in FIG. 1 (c), a disturbance observer 5 for compensating for the disturbance F is provided.
- the disturbance observer 5 estimates the disturbance F applied to the slave 2 by taking the force signal input to the slave and the velocity signal of the slave force.
- J is the inertia coefficient (nominal value) on the slave side
- g is the disturbance ob
- the gain of server 5, g / (s + g), is a low-pass filter. Note that the low-pass filter and
- the disturbance observer 5 estimates the disturbance F applied to the slave 2 and uses this as the slave 2
- the disturbance in the band that cannot be compensated by the disturbance observer 5 appears in the communication disturbance estimated value by the communication disturbance observer.
- the low-pass filter of the disturbance observer 5 is g /
- the estimated value F by the communication disturbance observer 4 is as shown in the following equation (1).
- the second term of the above equation (1) is the effect of the disturbance F applied to the slave 2 itself.
- G (s) G (s) -G d net d net d net d for g (g) and g> g as Z (s + g)
- G (s) Since the gain of G (s) should be as small as possible, it is desirable to set g to g, as is clear from Figs. 4 and 5. Especially, if g is g, G (s) Net d net d
- the net should be as large as possible.
- the disturbance F is output from the communication disturbance observer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example when the above-described method of the present invention is applied to a master-slave remote control system.
- 7 is a block diagram thereof.
- FIGS. 6 and 7, 1 is the master side
- 2 is the slave side
- the master side and the slave side are connected via a communication path 3 with communication delay such as the Internet.
- communication delay when transmitting a signal from the master 1 side to the slave 2 side is represented by e- Tls
- e- T2s the communication delay when the signal is transmitted from the slave 2 side to the master 1 side. This communication delay varies from moment to moment.
- the manipulators lb and 2b are provided on the master 1 side and the slave 2 side, respectively, and the manipulators lb and 2b are controlled by the control units la and 2a, respectively.
- the manipulator lb on the master side When the manipulator lb on the master side is operated, the manipulator 2b on the slave side moves following it, and the operating force applied to the slave 2 side is transmitted to the master side as a tactile sensation.
- manipulators lb and 2b are shown in FIG. 7 as transfer functions 1ZJS and lZjs, respectively, and the control units la and 2a are multiplied by Kp, Kv, Jn, and Kf [gain and inertia coefficient (nominal value) in FIG. [Calculation unit] and the like.
- the master side and slave side manipulators lb and 2b are provided with sensors (not shown), and the master side and slave side manipulators la and 2a have angular velocities of 0, res , ⁇ 'res ,
- the differential signal is represented by dots in the figure.
- disturbance observer and reaction force estimation observer On the master 1 side and slave 2 side, disturbance observer and reaction force estimation observer (hereinafter referred to as “disturbance and reaction force estimation observer”) 5m, 5s are provided, and disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5m, 5s
- the external force torque (disturbance) ⁇ which is generated by the manipulator lb, 2b is estimated and added to the outputs of the control units la, 2a to compensate for the disturbance. Is done.
- the external force torque estimated by the disturbance and reaction force estimation observers 5m and 5s is added and given to the control units la and 2a on the master side and the slave side.
- the disturbance and reaction force estimation sub-servers 5m and 5s detect the disturbance and the external force torque. In this example, it is assumed that there is no disturbance other than the external force torque.
- the model 8 that simulates the operation on the slave side, the communication disturbance observer 4, and the output of the communication disturbance observer 4 are used for communication.
- a communication delay compensator 7 comprising compensation value generation means 6 for generating a disturbance compensation value.
- the angular velocity signals ⁇ , res of the manipulator lb on the master side are the comparison unit m
- a difference from the angular velocity signal 0 ′ fed back to Id and sent from the slave 2 side and compensated for the communication delay by the communication delay compensation unit 7 is given to the control unit la.
- the angular velocity signal ⁇ 'res is transmitted to the slave side via the communication path 3, and m
- disturbance and reaction force estimating observer 5m estimates the driving torque of the manipulator lb, the external torque ⁇ applied to the master side by the angular velocity signal theta 'res, mh
- the estimated external force torque value ⁇ 'and the external force torque compensation value ⁇ are output.
- the estimated external force torque ⁇ ”h mcmp h is sent to the slave 2 side via the communication path 3 and added to the estimated external force torque ⁇ ′ sent from the slave 2 side via the communication path 3. , Given to the control unit la.
- Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of the disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5m.
- the configuration of the disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5m is considered to have no disturbance other than the external force torque here, so basically the same as that shown in Fig. 3 (b).
- the slave disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5s have the same configuration.
- the communication delay compensator 7 has a slave-side control system model 8 which is driven from the master-side angle signal 0 res and angular velocity signal e ′ res by driving the manipulator 2b on the slave 2 side mm.
- the communication disturbance observer 4 is an estimated value of torque ⁇ applied to the slave 2 side manipulator ⁇
- Ts Ts .
- the angular velocity signal theta 'res sent slave force Te is added to the angle signal theta res, master ss
- the difference from r es is input to the control unit la.
- control unit la multiplies the position deviation and speed deviation output from the comparison units lc and Id by the position control gain Kp and the speed control gain ⁇ and adds them. Then, an estimated value ⁇ ′ of the external force torque sent to the slave side force in the addition result and the estimated external force torque env
- the configuration of the control system on the slave 2 side is the same as that of the control system on the master side, and the angular velocity signals 0 and res of the manipulator 2b on the slave side are fed back to the comparison unit 2d, and s
- the angular velocity signals ⁇ and res are transmitted to the master side via communication path 3.
- the driving torque ⁇ applied to the manipulator 2b is the above disturbance and reaction force estimation.
- disturbance and reaction force estimating observer 5s is Ma - based on Piyure over drive torque ⁇ and the angular velocity signal 6 applied to the motor 2b 'res Kuwawa the slave 2 side
- the external force torque ⁇ is estimated and the external force torque estimated value ⁇ ′ and the external force torque compensation value ⁇ are output. To help.
- the estimated external force torque ' is sent to the master 1 side via the communication path 3,
- the configuration of the disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5s is the same as that shown in FIG. 8, and the external force torque compensation value ⁇ is added to the driving torque of the manipulator 2b.
- the angle signal ⁇ res is transmitted to the master side via the communication path 3.
- control unit 2a multiplies the position deviation and speed deviation output from the comparison units 2c and 2d by the position control gain Kp and the speed control gain ⁇ and adds them. Then, the estimated value ⁇ ′ of the external force torque sent from the master side force to the addition result and the estimated value ⁇ of the external force torque
- the slave side control system model 8 is provided on the master side, but the above model 8 is not essential and the slave side drive torque or the equivalent drive torque is not shown. The value may be obtained by other means.
- the angular velocity ⁇ , res and angle ⁇ res of the manipulator 2b on the slave 2 side are the above master 1
- the disturbance and reaction force estimation observer 5s estimates the external force and estimates the external force torque ⁇
- This external force torque estimated value ⁇ ′ is sent to the master 1 side via the communication path 3.
- the communication delay that occurs in the communication path 3 is compensated by the communication delay compensation unit 7 as described in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the control delay on the master 1 side and the slave 2 side varies. Is also controlled stably.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a position response by the computer simulation of the conventional example and the present invention.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a position response when the communication delay time compensation of the present invention is not performed, and FIG. 9 (b). Shows the position response when the communication delay is compensated according to the present invention.
- the delay time is constant
- the horizontal axis is time (s)
- the vertical axis is position (m).
- FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are diagrams showing the position response by computer simulation when the delay time compensation is performed by the Smith method and when the communication delay time is compensated by the present invention. Indicates the case where the round-trip delay time T of communication fluctuates in the range of 220 ms to 460 ms.
- the horizontal axis is time (s) and the vertical axis is position (m).
- the estimated delay time is shorter than the actual delay time.
- the estimated delay time is larger than the actual delay time.
- FIG. 11 is a position response when the communication delay time is compensated according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 when the communication delay time is compensated by the Smith method, if the estimated delay time differs from the actual delay time, the response The bad slave side cannot follow the movement of the master side stably.
- the slave side By performing the communication delay compensation according to the present invention without requiring an estimated value in between, the slave side can be made to follow the movement of the master side stably.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an angle response and a force response when communication delay compensation is performed according to the present invention.
- Fig. 12 (a) shows the angular response when the slave side touches the object when the master side is operated
- Fig. 12 (b) shows the force response in that case. Indicates when the enclosed partial force slave side contacts the object.
- the above angle response and force response are the results of experiments conducted between Japan and other countries using the Internet as a communication path.
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JP2006543121A JP4930938B2 (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2005-10-24 | 通信遅延を有する通信路を介して信号を送受信する遠隔制御システム |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2014204503A (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-27 | 株式会社ダイヘン | シミュレータ、シミュレーションシステム、シミュレーション方法、および、プログラム |
JP2016215357A (ja) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-22 | 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 | パラメータ推定装置、パラメータ推定方法、プログラム及び制御装置 |
JP2018107568A (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | 遠隔制御装置、遠隔制御システム、遠隔制御方法及び遠隔制御プログラム |
WO2022145150A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-07 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | 制御システム及び制御方法 |
JP7357820B1 (ja) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-10-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 遠隔操縦装置、移動体遠隔操縦システム、移動体制御装置、画像表示装置、移動体および遠隔操縦方法 |
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JP2023151894A (ja) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-16 | オムロン株式会社 | 制御システム、制御装置、制御方法及び制御プログラム |
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JP2016215357A (ja) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-22 | 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 | パラメータ推定装置、パラメータ推定方法、プログラム及び制御装置 |
JP2018107568A (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | 遠隔制御装置、遠隔制御システム、遠隔制御方法及び遠隔制御プログラム |
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JP4930938B2 (ja) | 2012-05-16 |
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