Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
  • C07F15/0073—Rhodium compounds
  • C07F15/008—Rhodium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F17/00—Metallocenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
  • C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to boron-containing acids of the general formula (I)
• ligands R F may be the same or different and
• R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C-
• the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of the acids according to the invention, salts of a cation and the anion of a selection of the acids according to the invention and to processes for the preparation of the salts.
• the invention relates to the use of the acids and salts according to the invention.
• the object of the present invention was to provide alternative strong acids which can be used in particular for the synthesis of salts which lead to ionic liquids or catalyst systems.
• R F may be the same or different and R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C-
• 2- alkyl group and wherein the CN group may be bound to the B atom via the C atom, and their complexes with a solvent.
• Fluorinated alkyl groups are, for example, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, pentafluorobutyl, heptafluorobutyl, nonafluorobutyl, C 5 H 4 F 7 , C 5 H 2 F 9 , C 5 Fn, C 6 H 4 F 9 , C 6 H 2 Fn , C 6 Fi 3, C 7 H 4 Fn, C 7 H 2 Fi 3, C 7 Fi 5, CsH 4 Fi 3, CeH 2 F I s, CSFI 7, CGH 4 Fi 5, C 9 H 2 Fi 7 , CgFig, CioH 4 Fi 7 , CioH 2 Fig, CioF 2 i, CnH 4 Fi 9 , CnH 2 F 2I , CnF 23 , Ci 2 H 4 F 2I ,
• Perfluoroalkyl group means that all the H atoms of the alkyl group are replaced by F atoms as described above. Fluorinated means that in a perfluoroalkyl group 1 to 16 fluorine atoms are replaced by hydrogen atoms.
• Acids are preferred in which the ligands R F are the same and are C4 alkyl group represents a perfluorinated CI_.
• R F is particularly preferably trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
• the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of the acids according to the invention.
• ligands R F may be the same or different and
• R F represents a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C 12 -alkyl group, and also their complexes with a solvent
• R F may be the same or different and R F is a ligand perfluorinated or partially fluorinated Ci.i 2 alkyl group and
• M a + is an alkali metal cation, with an acid, optionally preceded by conversion to the trialkylsilyl ether, especially in subsequent reaction with anhydrous HF.
• the synthesis of the alkali metal compounds of formula (11-1) having at least one cyano group is achieved by isomerization of corresponding Isocyanoboratsalzen at temperatures between 150 ° and 300 0 C, preferably 200 ° -250 ° C.
• R F may be the same or different and
• R F is a ligand perfluorinated or partially fluorinated Ci.i 2 -A alkyl group
• M a + is an alkali metal cation formed by reacting the corresponding isocyanoboric acid with a strong base.
• Suitable bases are, for example, alkali metal amides, such as M [N (SiMe 3 )], where M can be lithium, sodium or potassium.
• the first stage of this reaction is advantageously in toluene, benzene, hexane or pentane, particularly preferably in toluene, at -60 ° to 0 0 C, preferably at -2O 0 C, performed.
• the tetracyano boric acid is synthesized, for example, under the conditions given in Example 4.
• the acids of the formula (I) are formed from the reaction of the corresponding metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts, with strong acids, for example hydrochloric acid.
• the metal salts of the acids of the formula (I) can be obtained, for example, by the following two-step reaction:
• Potassium tetrafluoroborate can be reacted with NaCN in the presence of KCl to the salts of potassium tetracyanoborate as the main product, as described in WO 2004/07089, but also the salts K [B (CN) 3 F], K [B (CN) 2 Fa] and K [B (CN) F 3 ] arise in different proportions.
• a control of the ligand exchange and the proportions of the resulting salts over the reaction time is possible and prepares the expert any difficulties.
• Soc., 2002, 124, 15385-15398 leads, for example, to the salts K [B (CFg) 4 ], K [ B (CF 3 J 3 CN), K [B (CF 3 ) 3 F] 1 K [B (CF 3 ) 2 CNF] or K [B (CF 3 ) CNFa] in different proportions Be controlled reaction.
• the acids of the formula (I) containing at least one CN group can be isolated as solvent-free acids.
• the acids of formula (I), where x 0, require the solvent to solvate the proton to stabilize the structure.
• the acids according to the invention have a high proton activity, as can be seen for example by a deuterium exchange in C 6 D 6 .
• the acids according to the invention can be used for the synthesis of further inorganic or organic salts, which in turn can be used as conductive salts for various electrochemical devices or used as ionic liquids.
• the transformation into their salts are, for example, by neutralization with an inorganic or organic base, for example, the reaction of tetracyano boronic acid with tetra (butyl) ammonium hydroxide to tetra (butyl) ammonium tetracyanoborate.
• the acids according to the invention or their inorganic salts, in particular alkali metal salts, are also good starting materials for cationic dyes having the Cyanoboratanionen of the formula [B (R F) 4-X- Y (CN) x F y] "where x, y and R F have previously given meaning.
• the present invention relates to a selection of salts of the acids according to the invention of the formula (I) 1 namely the salts of the general formula (II)
• R F may be the same or different and R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated and wherein the CN group is bound to the B atom via the C atom, and
• cation M a + is an alkali metal cation, preferably a lithium, sodium or potassium cation.
• This group of compounds of the formula (II) is particularly suitable for the synthesis of ionic liquids having the anion [B (R F ) 4-X- y (CN) ⁇ Fy] a " , where x, y, a and R F are a have the meaning given, defined by metathesis with a salt MA, consisting of an organic cation, as described below, and the counterion a is defined as F ⁇ , Cr, r Br-, OH-, [HF 2] -, [CN] " , [SCN] " [CH 3 COO] - [CH 3 SO 3 ] - [CF 3 COO] -, [CF 3 SO 3 ] -, [CH 3 OSO 3 ] -, [SiF 6 ] 2" , [BF 4 ] " [SO 4 ] 2" , [HSO 4 ] 1 -, [NO 3 ] ] -, [C 2 H 5 OSO 3 ] -, [(C 2 Fs) 2 P
• the lithium compounds of this group are particularly suitable as conductive salts in electrolytes, primary batteries, secondary batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors or galvanic cells, optionally also in combination with other conductive salts and / or additives, as a constituent of a polymer electrolyte or phase transfer agent.
• Copper (II), zinc (II) or calcium (II) cation are preferably present in solvated form.
• This group of compounds is also suitable for the synthesis of ionic liquids with the corresponding anion by metathesis with a salt MA, as described above for the compounds of formula (II)
• This group of compounds is particularly suitable for a
• the organic cation can be selected from the group [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 J + , [PR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] *, [P (NR 1 R 2 ) 2 (NR 3 R 4 ) 2 ] + .
• R 1 to R 7 are each independently of one another hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2 to 20 C atoms and one or more double bonds, straight-chain or branched alkynyl having 2 to 20 C atoms and one or more triple bonds, saturated, partially or fully unsaturated cycloalkyl having 3-7 C atoms, which may be substituted by alkyl groups having 1-6 C atoms, wherein one or more, but not all substituents R 1 to R 7 partially or completely with halogens, in particular -F and / or -Cl, or partially with -CN or -NO 2 , may be substituted and wherein one or two non-adjacent and non- ⁇ -carbon atoms of the substituents R 1 to R 6 are substituted by atoms and / or atomic groups selected from the group -O-, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-,
• alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is meant, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, and also pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1, 1 -, 1, 2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, Ci 1 H 23 , Ci 2 H 25 , C 13 H 27 , C 14 H 29 , C 1S H 3 - I , Ci 6 H 33 , C-
• the alkyl groups may also be partially or completely substituted by halogens, in particular -F and / or -Cl.
• Fluorinated alkyl groups are difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluorobutyl or nonafluorobutyl.
• a straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein several double bonds may also be present, is, for example, allyl, 2- or 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, sec-butenyl, furthermore 4-pentenyl, isopentenyl, hexenyl, Heptenyl, octenyl, -C 9 Hi 7 , -Ci 0 H 19 to -C 20 H 39 ; preferably allyl, 2- or 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, sec-butenyl, furthermore preferred is 4-pentenyl, iso-pentenyl or hexenyl.
• a straight-chain or branched alkynyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein a plurality of triple bonds may also be present, is, for example, ethynyl, 1- or 2-propynyl, 2- or 3-butynyl, furthermore 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, hexynyl, Heptynyl, octynyl, -CgHi 5 , -C 10 Hi 7 to -C 20 H 37 , preferably ethynyl, 1- or 2-propynyl, 2- or 3-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl or hexynyl.
• Unsubstituted saturated or partially or fully unsaturated cycloalkyl groups having 3-7 C atoms are therefore cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
• Alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl group may also be substituted by halogen atoms such as F, Cl, Br or I, in particular F or Cl, CN or NO 2 .
• the substituents R 1 to R 7 may be partially or completely with
• Halogen atoms in particular with F and / or Cl, or partially substituted with CN or NO 2 .
• C 3 - to C 7 -cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
• substituted phenyl, by Cr to C 6 alkyl, Ci- to C 6 alkenyl, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I 1 OH, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, CN, SCN, SCF 3 means , SO 2 CF 3, C (O) OC 1 -C 6 -alkyl 1 NH 2, C 6 alkylamino or C 6 dialkylamino, COOH, C (O) NH 2, C (O) NHR " , C (O) NR " 2 , SO 2 OR", SO 2 X ', SO 2 NH 2 , SO 2 NHR ", SO 2 NR" 2 , SO 3 H, NR "C (O) R" or NHC ( O) R "sub
• Phenyl where X 'is F, Cl or Br and R "is a non, partially or perfluorinated C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl or C 3 - to C 7 -cycloalkyl as defined for R', for example, o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p-tert-butylphenyl, o-, m- or p-aminophenyl, o-, m- or p- (N, N-
• R ' is understood as a heterocycle a saturated or unsaturated mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 13 ring members, where 1, 2 or 3 N and / or 1 or 2 S or O atoms may be present and the heterocyclic radical - or more than once by C 1 - to C 6 alkyl, C 1 - to Ce alkenyl, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I, OH, C r C 6 alkoxy, CN, SCN, SCF 3 , SO 2 CF 3 , C (O) OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, NH 2 , C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 1 -C 6 -dialkylamino, COOH, C (O) NH 2 , C (O) NHR ", C ( O) NR " 2 , SO 2 OR", SO 2 X ', SO 2 NH 2 , SO 2 NHR ", SO 2 NR" 2) SO 3 H, NR 11 C (O) R
• the heterocyclic radical is preferably substituted or unsubstituted 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2-, A- or 5-imidazolyl, 3-, A- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyrimidinyl, furthermore preferably 1, 2,3-triazole-1, -4- or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-triazole-1 , -4- or -5-yl, 1- or 5-tetrazolyl, 1, 2,3-oxadiazol-4 or -5-yl 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3 or -5-yl, 1, 3,4-Thiadiazol-2- or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-thiadiazol-3 or -5-yl, 1, 2,
• Benzisothiazolyl A, 5-, 6- or 7-benz-2,1,3-oxadiazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinolinyl, 1-, 3-, A-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-isoquinolinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, A- or 9-carbazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-acridinyl, 3-, A-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-cinnolinyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinazolinyl or 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl.
• [C (NR 1 R 2 ) (NR 3 R 4 ) (NR 5 R 6 ) f can also be linked in pairs in such a way that mono-, bi- or polycyclic cations are formed.
• the carbocycles or heterocycles of the above guanidinium cations can still by Cr to C 6 alkyl, Cr to Ce alkenyl, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I, OH 1 C r C 6 alkoxy, CN, SCN , SCF 3 , SO 2 CF 3 , C (O) O-CrC 6 -alkyl, NH 2 , C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 1 -C 6 -dialkylamino, COOH, C (O) NH 2 , C (O) NHR ", C (O) NR " 2 , SO 2 OR", SO 2 NH 2 , SO 2 NHR ", SO 2 NR" 2 , SO 2 X ', SO 3 H, NR 11 C (O) R "or NHC (O) R "be substituted, wherein X 'and R"
• the substituents R 1 , R 3 and R 7 may have a previously given or particularly preferred meaning.
• the organic cation is particularly preferably selected from the group of the ammonium, phosphonium or guanidinium salts.
• R 1 to R 7 are each, independently of one another, preferably a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms. More preferably, R 1 to R 7 are methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl or butyl.
• R 1 to R 4 of the formulas [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 J + or [PR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] + are particularly preferably identical.
• the organic cation may be further selected from the group of heterocyclic cations.
• Heterocyclic cations are, for example Imidazolium pyrazolium pyrrolidinium triazolium
• substituents R 1 'to R 4> are each independently hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1-20 C atoms, geradkettig ⁇ s or branched alkenyl having 2-20 C atoms and one or more double bonds, straight-chain or branched Alkinyi having 2-20 C atoms and one or more triple bonds, saturated, partially or fully unsaturated cycloalkyl having 3-7 C
• Atoms which may be substituted by alkyl groups having 1-6 C atoms, saturated, partially or fully unsaturated heteroaryl, heteroaryl-CiC ⁇ -alky! or arylCrC 6 -alkyl,
• R 1 'to R 4 ' may be partially or completely substituted by halogens, in particular -F and / or -Cl, or in part by -CN or - NO 2 , where R 1 'and R 4 ' are not may be simultaneously perfluorinated or perchlorinated,
• Aryl is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl, preferably phenyl.
• Aryl-CrC ⁇ -alkyl is, for example, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, phenylpentyl or phenylhexyl.
• Fluorinated aryl Cj-C6 alkyl means, for example Pentafluorphenyldifluormethyl, Pentafluorphenyltetrafluorethyl or Pentafluorphenylethyl.
• heteroaryl is identical to the term heterocyclic radical as previously described.
• a substituent with the term heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl is as described above and an alkylene chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms composed, as described clearly in the term aryl-CrC alkyl ⁇ from a heteroaryl.
• the substituents R 1 'to R 4 ' are particularly preferably a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, very particularly preferably having 1 to 12 C atoms.
• the cations substituted imidazolium, substituted pyridinium, substituted pyrrolidinium, substituted piperidinium or substituted morpholinium as defined above are particularly preferably selected.
• ionic liquids can be used as solvents for many synthetic or catalytic reactions, e.g. Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, Michael-type reactions or Heck reactions, as non-aqueous electrolytes, optionally used in combination with other known in the art conductive salts, additives and solvents become.
• synthetic or catalytic reactions e.g. Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, Michael-type reactions or Heck reactions
• non-aqueous electrolytes optionally used in combination with other known in the art conductive salts, additives and solvents become.
• these ionic liquids as non-aqueous polar substances in suitable reactions as phase transfer catalyst, as surfactant (surface active agent), as
• Plasticizer or used as a medium for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts. They are also suitable as drying agents, heat transfer agents and as a release agent for gases.
• Salts of the formula (II) where M a + is an alkali metal cation can in turn be prepared by reacting an acid of the formula (Ia), a selection of the acids of the formula (I) according to the invention,
• R F represents a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C f .- ⁇ - alkyl group, and where the CN group is bonded via the C atom to the B atom
• inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, for example KOH
• the reaction takes place in water or organic solvents at temperatures of 0 ° to 100 0 C, preferably takes place at room temperature.
• Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of a salt of formula (II), wherein M a + a silver, magnesium, copper (l) -, Cupric, zinc (II) or calcium (II) cation or an organic cation means by a salting reaction, characterized in that an alkali metal salt of the formula (II) prepared as described above or the acid itself, with a compound of formula (III) MA (III), wherein
• M is a silver, magnesium, copper (I), copper (II), zinc (II) or calcium (II)
• the reaction can also be carried out with metal oxides, for example oxides of the metals of group 1, 2, 11 and 12.
• the reaction is advantageously carried out in water, temperatures of 0 ° -100 ° C, preferably 15 ° -60 ° C, particularly preferably at room temperature, are suitable.
• reaction may alternatively take place in organic solvents at temperatures between -30 ° and 10O 0 C.
• Suitable solvents are benzene, acetonitrile, dioxane, dichloromethane, dimethoxyethane, Dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or alcohol, for example, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• the invention furthermore relates to the use of an acid of the formula (I) or of the formula (Ia), as described above, or of a salt of the general formula (II), as described above, for the synthesis of catalysts containing rare earths.
• Catalysts containing rare earths or (transition) metals e.g. Rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, palladium, platinum, osmium, cobalt, nickel, iron, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, gold or tungsten are important catalysts for reactions such as the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, Hydroformyliemngen, hydrosilylations, isomerizations of unsaturated compounds, carbonylations, C-C couplings, polymerizations or oligomerizations.
• rare earths or (transition) metals e.g. Rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, palladium, platinum, osmium, cobalt, nickel, iron, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, gold or tungsten are important catalysts for reactions such as the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, Hydroformy
• R F ligands may be the same or different and R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C 1-4 alkyl group, and wherein the CN group is bonded to the B atom via the C atom, becomes an alkali metal salt of the formula (II), as described above, with ([(C 6 Hs) 3 ) P] 3 Rh) CI implemented.
• a ligand exchange of chloride against the corresponding borate anion takes place in a polar solvent, preferably in an alcohol such as ethanol or isopropanol, at temperatures between 0 ° C and 100 0 C, preferably between 10 ° and 60 ° C, particularly preferably place at room temperature.
• the resulting rhodium catalysts can be purified by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as by extraction and / or recrystallization.
• Cp cyclopentadienyl and in which the ligands R F can be identical or different and R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated C 12 -alkyl group and in which the CN group is bonded to the B atom via the C atom an acid of formula (I), as previously described, optionally in the solvated form, is reacted with Cp 2 Zr (CH 3 ).
• the reaction takes place advantageously in dichloromethane.
• the mixture of the starting materials takes place at temperatures of -60 0 C, the actual reaction takes place at room temperature.
• This type of catalyst is usually generated in situ.
• the NMR spectra were measured on solutions in deuterated solvents at 20 ° C. on a Bruker Avance 300 spectrometer with a 5 mm 1 H / BB broadband head with deuterium lock, unless indicated in the examples.
• the measurement frequencies of the various cores are: 1 H: 300.13 MHz, 11 B: 96.92 MHz, 19 F: 282.41 MHz, and 31 P: 121, 49 MHz.
• the referencing method is specified separately for each spectrum or for each data record.
• Example 2 Synthesis of tris (trifluoromethyl) cyanoboric acid etherate [(CF 3 ) 3 BCN] H * Et 2 O 109 mg (0.39 mmol) K [(CF 3 ) 3 BCN] are weighed into a glass finger with a valve with a PTFE spindle. In a vacuum at -196 ° C 5 ml of diethyl ether followed by 0.9 mmol of HCl are condensed. The reaction mixture is stirred for several hours at room temperature. Immediately after heating, a colorless solid begins to precipitate. in the
• Both solids are dissolved on a vacuum apparatus in 40 ml of toluene.
• the solution of the amide is transferred to the dropping funnel.
• the reaction vessel is cooled to -2O 0 C and with stirring, the toluene / amide solution is added dropwise in two hours. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes at -2O 0 C.

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